CN110338130B - Laboratory culture system and high-density culture method for procambarus clarkii - Google Patents
Laboratory culture system and high-density culture method for procambarus clarkii Download PDFInfo
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- CN110338130B CN110338130B CN201910724953.5A CN201910724953A CN110338130B CN 110338130 B CN110338130 B CN 110338130B CN 201910724953 A CN201910724953 A CN 201910724953A CN 110338130 B CN110338130 B CN 110338130B
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- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a laboratory culture system and a high-density culture method for procambarus clarkii, wherein the system comprises: the water storage tank, the water pump a, the water pump b, the filtering device, the cooling and heating machine, the culture barrel, the oxygen increasing machine, the PVC pipe and the steel pipe. The method comprises the following steps: (1) the culture of the shrimp larvae in the temporary rearing period, (2) the culture during the formal culture experiment, and (3) the culture during the molting period. The method has strong operability, obviously improves the culture density, survival rate, growth performance and health condition of the procambarus clarkii cultured in the laboratory, and provides great support for students to develop the laboratory research of the procambarus clarkii.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a laboratory culture system and a high-density culture method for procambarus clarkia.
Background
Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii) is commonly called freshwater crayfish, belongs to Crustacea, decapetalous, Procambaridae and Procambarus, and is one of four common freshwater economic culture shrimps in China. The procambarus clarkii is rapidly developed in China in recent years, the total yield of the procambarus clarkii is improved from 8 ten thousand tons in 2005 to 164 ten thousand tons in 2018, and the total yield of the procambarus clarkii in 2018 in Hubei province is 81.2 ten thousand tons and is the first place in China. And is deeply loved by consumers due to bright color and delicious taste, forms unique crayfish diet culture, and creates regional brands, such as crayfish in the river, Xuyi crayfish, and the like.
Although the crayfish industry is fierce, the crayfish industry in China at present faces a plurality of problems, such as weak scientific research foundation, unstable seedling quality, no special high-quality feed and the like, and generally presents the situations of quality degradation, insufficient research and development and limited achievement at present. However, in recent years, the laboratory culture technology of the procambarus clarkii is difficult to break through, and the traditional laboratory culture method is difficult to culture the crayfish alive, so that the scientific research result of the crayfish is limited. How to successfully cultivate the crayfish with high quality in a laboratory environment becomes a scientific problem in the sustainable development of the crayfish industry. The prior inventions focus on the technical problem of crayfish culture, but the inventions about the laboratory culture technology of crayfish are rare.
The laboratory research work provides theoretical support and reference for actual production, and how to make the result obtained by the crayfish cultured in the laboratory better serve the production provides higher requirements for the technical method for culturing the crayfish in the laboratory. Therefore, the inventor of the invention carries out a series of scientific experiments on the culture system for culturing the crayfish in the laboratory, the culture water quality, the shrimp larvae transportation, the culture management and the like, obtains a method for culturing the procambarus clarkii in the laboratory, and finds that the culture benefit of the invention is better and the environmental pollution is less. The invention not only fills the technical blank of crayfish breeding in the laboratory, but also improves the growth performance of crayfish, thereby improving the scientific research efficiency of scientific research workers and enabling the data of the laboratory to be better served and produced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laboratory culture system and a high-density culture method for procambarus clarkia, which establish a suitable laboratory culture system for procambarus clarkia by scientific experiments for the first time.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a crawfish laboratory farming system comprising: the device comprises a reservoir, a water pump a, a water pump b, a filtering device, a cooling and heating machine, a culture barrel, an aerator, a PVC pipe and a steel pipe; the water storage tank is respectively connected with water inlets of a water pump a and a water pump b through PVC pipes, water outlets of the water pump a and the water pump b are connected with a water inlet of the filtering device after being converged through the PVC pipes, a water outlet of the filtering device is always communicated and arranged above 18 parallel breeding barrels through the PVC pipes, 18 water taps are correspondingly arranged on the PVC pipes above the 18 parallel breeding barrels, water outlets are arranged on the left upper sides of the 18 parallel breeding barrels, and the water outlets are connected through the PVC pipes and are led into the water storage tank after being converged; the water storage tank is internally provided with 2 aeration disks with the diameter of 90cm, the aeration disks are connected with one another through steel pipes and directly communicated into 18 culture barrels, and the steel pipes are provided with oxygen increasing machines for increasing oxygen.
Preferably, the cooling and heating machine is arranged on a PVC pipeline between the filtering device and the culture barrel in parallel, and the temperature of the culture water is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ by the cooling and heating machine.
Preferably, the specification of the culture barrel is 120cm by 90cm by 60cm, the color of the barrel is blue or partial dark, the culture barrel is made of nontoxic materials, and the interior of the culture barrel is not provided with a right angle; a plurality of shielding pipes are arranged on 4 side walls of each breeding barrel, the diameter of each shielding pipe is 8cm, the length of each shielding pipe is 12cm, the color of each shielding pipe is gray, and one end of each shielding pipe is sealed by a 10-mesh net; the breeding barrel is also provided with a feeding table, and the feeding table is made of a 40-mesh silk net and 70cm long bamboo chips and has the size of 35cm x 35 cm.
Preferably, a clean water bacterial room of about 30cm and a proper amount of plastic bio-balls are also arranged in the water storage tank.
Preferably, the 18 cultivation barrels arranged in parallel are arranged in three rows, and each row is provided with 6 cultivation barrels.
Preferably, each breeding barrel is provided with a sewage discharge hole, and a sewage discharge pipe is connected to the sewage discharge hole and used for discharging sewage.
In addition, the invention also claims a method for laboratory culture by the culture system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) carrying the shrimp larvae back to the temporary culture period for culture: after the shrimps are transported back before seven morning spots, the grass in the transport frame is fished out, and then the shrimps in the frame are soaked in water containing 1g/L of anti-stress additive for three times, 30s each time; slowly putting the shrimps into water in the temporary culture pond, wherein the density of the shrimps is not more than 30 tails/m & lt 2 & gt; calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are added into water in the first day of the first week, the adding concentration of the calcium chloride and the magnesium chloride is 5mg/L, a small amount of feed is fed only at seven nights in the first day, and the adding amount of the feed is about 1% of the weight of the shrimp larvae; feeding amount of the shrimp fries is about 3% of the weight of the shrimp fries from the second day to the third day, and adding an anti-stress additive into the water body every day, wherein the adding concentration is 10 mg/L; increasing the feed feeding amount from the fourth day to the seventh day, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the feed is added with an additive for conditioning intestinal tracts and livers; in the first week, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite and pH are monitored intensively, the standard exceeding is avoided, and the human interference is reduced as much as possible; calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are added into the culture water in the first day of the second week of temporary culture, and the adding concentration of the calcium chloride and the magnesium chloride is 5 mg/L; feeding the feed normally in the second week, properly changing water and absorbing dirt, but the water change in each time does not exceed 1/3 of the total volume of the water body;
(2) cultivation during the official cultivation experiment: after temporary culture is carried out for 14 days, female shrimps and male shrimps which are consistent in size, complete in appendages, full in individuals, high in glorious degree of the carapace and approximate in average weight are selected, the selected shrimps are transferred into a culture barrel for culture, 18 tails of each barrel are used, a water pump, a filtering device, a cooling machine, an aerator and a water faucet in a culture system are started to enable the whole system to circulate, the bait feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the shrimps every day, residual feed is cleaned by a midday siphon method, old shells and excrement of the shrimps are removed, the death number of the shrimps is recorded and weighed, one third of water is changed every other day, the water temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the pH value is controlled to be 7.0-8.5, dissolved oxygen is kept at 5mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L;
(3) culturing in the molting period: when the head, the chest and the tail of the crayfish begin to crack, the dissolved oxygen needs to be adjusted to be more than 6mg/L, the feed feeding amount needs to be sufficient, the interference is reduced as much as possible, no noise exists around the crayfish, and the crayfish is not lighted as much as possible; generally, the cultivation barrel cover is required to be covered with a sunshade net without excessive interference of human manufacture.
Preferably, the anti-stress additive comprises the following components: glucose is 1: 9.
preferably, the male-female ratio of the 18-tailed shrimps in the breeding barrel is 2: 1.
preferably, the adopted feed is a self-made crayfish feed, the protein content in the feed is 30-35%, the fat content is about 7%, the lysine content is 1.5-1.8%, the methionine content is not lower than 0.5%, the calcium content is 2-2.5%, and the phosphorus content is about 1.8%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious beneficial effects: the invention successfully realizes the high-density cultivation of the crayfishes in the laboratory by circulating water, the cultivation density is 3-5 times of that in the actual production, the growth speed is close to that in the actual production, and the survival rate reaches more than 85 percent, thereby providing technical support for the systematic and deep development of the laboratory research of the procambarus clarkii.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a crawfish laboratory farming system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the crawfish breeding barrel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the farming bucket of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of the shield tube of the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1-a reservoir, 2-a water pump a, 3-a water pump b, 4-a filtering device, 5-a cooling and heating machine, 6-a culture barrel, 7-an aerator and 8-an aeration disc.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.
Example 1
A crawfish laboratory farming system comprising: the system comprises a reservoir 1, a water pump a 2, a water pump b 3, a filtering device 4, a cooling and heating machine 5, a culture barrel 6, an aerator 7, a PVC pipe and a steel pipe; the water storage tank 1 is respectively connected with water inlets of a water pump a 2 and a water pump b 3 through PVC pipes, water outlets of the water pump a 2 and the water pump b 3 are connected with a water inlet of a filtering device 4 after being converged through the PVC pipes, a water outlet of the filtering device 4 is always communicated and arranged above 18 parallel breeding barrels 6 through the PVC pipes, 18 water taps are correspondingly arranged on the PVC pipes above the 18 parallel breeding barrels 6, water outlets are arranged at the upper left sides of the 18 parallel breeding barrels 6, and the water outlets are connected through the PVC pipes, converged and led into the water storage tank 1; the water storage tank 1 is internally provided with 2 aeration disks 8 with the diameter of 90cm, the aeration disks 8 are connected with one another through steel pipes to be directly communicated into 18 culture barrels 6, and the steel pipes are provided with oxygen increasing machines 7 for increasing oxygen.
Wherein, the cooling and heating machine 5 is arranged on a PVC pipeline between the filtering device 4 and the culture barrel 6 in parallel, and the temperature of the culture water is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ by the cooling and heating machine.
The cultivation barrel 6 is 120cm, 90cm and 60cm long, is blue or dark, is nontoxic in material and has no right angle inside; a plurality of shielding pipes are arranged on 4 side walls of each breeding barrel 6, the diameter of each shielding pipe is 8cm, the length of each shielding pipe is 12cm, the color of each shielding pipe is gray, and one end of each shielding pipe is closed by a 10-mesh net; the breeding barrel 6 is also provided with a feeding table, and the feeding table is made of a 40-mesh silk net and 70cm long bamboo chips and has the size of 35cm x 35 cm.
The water storage tank 1 is also provided with a water purification bacteria room with the length of about 30cm and a proper amount of plastic biological balls.
The 18 breeding barrels 6 arranged in parallel are arranged in three rows, and each row is provided with 6 breeding barrels 6.
Each breeding barrel 6 is provided with a sewage discharge hole, and a sewage discharge pipe is connected to the sewage discharge hole and used for discharging sewage.
Example 2
A method of laboratory farming using the farming system of embodiment 1, comprising:
(1) and (3) carrying the shrimp larvae back to the temporary culture period for culture: after the shrimps (with the weight of about 10g) are transported back before seven morning hours, the grass in the transport frame is fished out, and then the shrimps in the frame are soaked in water containing 1g/L of anti-stress additive for 30s for three times, wherein the anti-stress additive comprises the following components: glucose is 1: 9; slowly putting the shrimps into water in the temporary culture pond, wherein the density of the shrimps is 30 tails/m & lt 2 & gt; calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are added into water in the first day of the first week, the adding concentration of the calcium chloride and the magnesium chloride is 5mg/L, a small amount of feed is fed only at seven nights in the first day, and the adding amount of the feed is about 1% of the weight of the shrimp larvae; feeding amount of the shrimp fries is about 3% of the weight of the shrimp fries from the second day to the third day, and adding an anti-stress additive into the water body every day, wherein the adding concentration is 10 mg/L; increasing the feed feeding amount from the fourth day to the seventh day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the feed is added with an additive for conditioning intestinal tracts and livers; in the first week, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite and pH are monitored intensively, the standard exceeding is avoided, and the human interference is reduced as much as possible; calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are added into the culture water in the first day of the second week of temporary culture, and the adding concentration of the calcium chloride and the magnesium chloride is 5 mg/L; feeding the feed normally in the second week, properly changing water and absorbing dirt, but the water change in each time does not exceed 1/3 of the total volume of the water body; the adopted feed is a self-made crayfish feed, the protein content in the feed is 30-35%, the fat content is about 7%, the lysine content is 1.5-1.8%, the methionine content is not lower than 0.5%, the calcium content is 2-2.5%, and the phosphorus content is about 1.8%;
(2) cultivation during the official cultivation experiment: after temporarily breeding for 14 days, female shrimps 216 tails and male shrimps 108 tails which are consistent in size, complete in appendages, full in individuals, high in carapace gloss and close in average weight (15.46 +/-0.20 g) are selected, the selected shrimps are transferred into a breeding barrel for breeding, 18 tails in each barrel are started, a water pump, a filtering device, a cooling and heating machine, an aerator and a water faucet in a breeding system are started to enable the whole system to circulate, and the ratio of male and female of 18 shrimps in the breeding barrel is 2: 1, the bait feeding amount is 4 percent of the total weight of the shrimps per day, residual feed is cleaned by a siphon method every noon, old shells and excrement of the crayfish are removed, the death number of the crayfish is recorded and weighed, one third of water is changed every other day, the water temperature is controlled at 27 ℃, the pH value is controlled at 7.5, dissolved oxygen is kept at 5mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L;
(3) culturing in the molting period: when the head, the chest and the tail of the crayfish begin to crack, the dissolved oxygen needs to be adjusted to be more than 6mg/L, the feed feeding amount needs to be sufficient, the interference is reduced as much as possible, no noise exists around the crayfish, and the crayfish is not lighted as much as possible; generally, the cultivation barrel cover is required to be covered with a sunshade net without excessive interference of human manufacture.
After the above-mentioned breeding, 18 × 18 ═ 324 crayfishes are co-cultured in this example, and 281 crayfishes survive, the total survival rate of crayfishes reaches above 85%, the average weight of crayfishes is about 42g, the egg-holding rate of female crayfishes is 70%, and the egg-holding amount is 450 grains/tail.
Finally, it is to be noted that: the above embodiments do not limit the invention in any way, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Accordingly, any modification made without departing from the spirit of the invention is within the scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for laboratory culture by using a procambarus clarkii laboratory culture system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) carrying the shrimp larvae back to the temporary culture period for culture: after the shrimps are transported back before seven morning spots, the grass in the transport frame is fished out, and then the shrimps in the frame are soaked in water containing 1g/L of anti-stress additive for three times, 30s each time; slowly putting the shrimps into the water in the temporary culture pond, wherein the density of the shrimps is not more than 30 tails/m2(ii) a Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are added into water in the first day of the first week, the adding concentration of the calcium chloride and the magnesium chloride is 5mg/L, a small amount of feed is fed only at seven nights in the first day, and the adding amount of the feed is about 1% of the weight of the shrimp larvae; feeding amount of the shrimp fries is about 3% of the weight of the shrimp fries from the second day to the third day, and adding an anti-stress additive into the water body every day, wherein the adding concentration is 10 mg/L; increasing the feed feeding amount from the fourth day to the seventh day, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the feed is added with an additive for conditioning intestinal tracts and livers; in the first week, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite and pH are monitored intensively, the standard exceeding is avoided, and the human interference is reduced as much as possible; calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are added into the culture water in the first day of the second week of temporary culture, and the adding concentration of the calcium chloride and the magnesium chloride is 5 mg/L; feeding the feed normally in the second week, properly changing water and absorbing dirt, but the water change in each time does not exceed 1/3 of the total volume of the water body;
(2) cultivation during the official cultivation experiment: after temporary culture is carried out for 14 days, female shrimps and male shrimps which are consistent in size, complete in appendages, full in individuals, high in glorious degree of the carapace and approximate in average weight are selected, the selected shrimps are transferred into a culture barrel for culture, 18 tails of each barrel are used, a water pump, a filtering device, a cooling machine, an aerator and a water faucet in a culture system are started to enable the whole system to circulate, the bait feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the shrimps every day, residual feed is cleaned by a midday siphon method, old shells and excrement of the shrimps are removed, the death number of the shrimps is recorded and weighed, one third of water is changed every other day, the water temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the pH value is controlled to be 7.0-8.5, dissolved oxygen is kept at 5mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L;
(3) culturing in the molting period: when the head, the chest and the tail of the crayfish begin to crack, the dissolved oxygen needs to be adjusted to be more than 6mg/L, the feed feeding amount needs to be sufficient, the interference is reduced as much as possible, no noise exists around the crayfish, and the crayfish is not lighted as much as possible; generally, too much interference is still required to be artificially produced, and the breeding barrel cover is covered with a sunshade net;
wherein the anti-stress additive comprises the following components: glucose is 1: 9;
the male-female ratio of 18 shrimps in the breeding barrel is 2: 1;
the adopted feed is a self-made crayfish feed, wherein the protein content in the feed is 30-35%, the fat content is about 7%, the lysine content is 1.5-1.8%, the methionine content is not lower than 0.5%, the calcium content is 2-2.5%, and the phosphorus content is about 1.8%;
the laboratory aquaculture system for procambarus clarkii comprises: the device comprises a reservoir (1), a water pump a (2), a water pump b (3), a filtering device (4), a cooling and heating machine (5), a culture barrel (6), an aerator (7), a PVC pipe and a steel pipe; the water storage tank (1) is respectively connected with water inlets of a water pump a (2) and a water pump b (3) through PVC pipes, water outlets of the water pump a (2) and the water pump b (3) are converged through the PVC pipes and then connected with a water inlet of a filtering device (4), the water outlet of the filtering device (4) is communicated and arranged above 18 parallel breeding barrels (6) through the PVC pipes, 18 water taps are correspondingly arranged on the PVC pipes above the 18 parallel breeding barrels (6), the water outlets are arranged on the upper left sides of the 18 parallel breeding barrels (6), and the water outlets of the breeding barrels (6) are connected through the PVC pipes and converged and then led into the water storage tank (1); 2 aeration disks (8) with the diameter of 90cm are arranged in the water storage tank (1), the aeration disks (8) are connected through steel pipes and directly communicated into 18 culture barrels (6), and an aerator (7) for aeration is arranged on the steel pipes;
wherein, the specification of the culture barrel (6) is length, width, height, 120cm, 90cm and 60cm, the color of the barrel is blue or dark, the culture barrel is made of nontoxic materials, and the interior of the culture barrel is not provided with a right angle; a plurality of shielding pipes are arranged on 4 side walls of each breeding barrel (6), the diameter of each shielding pipe is 8cm, the length of each shielding pipe is 12cm, the color of each shielding pipe is gray, and one end of each shielding pipe is closed by a 10-mesh net; the breeding barrel (6) is also provided with a feeding table, and the feeding table is made of a 40-mesh silk net and 70cm long bamboo chips and has the size of 35cm x 35 cm.
2. The laboratory culture method according to claim 1, wherein the cold and warm machine (5) is arranged in parallel on the PVC pipeline between the filtering device (4) and the culture barrel (6), and the temperature of the culture water is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ by the cold and warm machine.
3. The laboratory culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that a clean water bacteria room of about 30cm and a proper amount of plastic bio-balls are further arranged in the water reservoir (1).
4. The method for laboratory breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that the 18 breeding tanks (6) arranged side by side are arranged in three rows, and each row is provided with 6 breeding tanks (6).
5. The laboratory breeding method of claim 1, wherein each breeding barrel (6) is provided with a sewage draining hole, and a sewage draining pipe is connected to the sewage draining hole for draining sewage.
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| CN111513008A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-11 | 扬州大学 | Method for breeding procambarus clarkii in laboratory |
| CN111700012A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-25 | 华中农业大学 | Method for improving survival rate of procambarus clarkii cultured in laboratory |
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