CN116061510A - 一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料及制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN116061510A
CN116061510A CN202211564458.0A CN202211564458A CN116061510A CN 116061510 A CN116061510 A CN 116061510A CN 202211564458 A CN202211564458 A CN 202211564458A CN 116061510 A CN116061510 A CN 116061510A
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felt
layer
fiber
heat
composite
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CN116061510B (zh
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戴家木
汪航
张宇
蓝柳家
聂渡
刘蓉
张伟
李素英
张瑜
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Nantong University
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    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及非织造材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料及制备方法与应用，包括由上至下依次紧密设置的光热层、导热保温层和浮动蒸发层；所述光热层为碳纳米管溶液涂覆层；所述导热保温层为三层氧化铝纤维毡和三层PP纤维毡，所述三层氧化铝纤维毡和三层PP纤维毡为依次间隔交错设置；所述浮动蒸发层为木棉毡。本发明利用天然木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为浮动蒸发结构，选择具有芯吸效应和超轻质高导热的氧化铝纤维及保温性优良的PP纤维制成纤维毡，并通过错层叠加作为中间导湿导热层，实现热量管理，减少热损失，上层采用喷涂碳纳米管实现对太阳光的高效吸收转换以及海水持续蒸发效果。

Description

一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料及制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及非织造材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
目前，海水淡化与水处理技术的开发对人类的生存以及生态环境的可持续发展至关重要。现阶段已发展成熟的水处理技术包括反渗透法、电渗析法、多级闪蒸法等，但这些技术在海水淡化路线、技术成本、设备运行能耗等方面均存在缺陷。太阳能海水淡化过程是一种绿色、可持续的脱盐过程，具有能耗低、成本低且对环境友好等优点，已成为近年来人们关注的热点。
因此，本申请有必要提供一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料及制备方法与应用，以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点，而提出的一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料及制备方法与应用，利用天然木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为浮动蒸发结构，选择具有芯吸效应和超轻质高导热的氧化铝纤维及保温性优良的PP纤维制成纤维毡，并通过错层叠加作为中间导湿导热层，实现热量管理，减少热损失，上表面采用喷涂碳纳米管实现对太阳光的高效吸收转换以及海水持续蒸发效果。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料，包括由上至下依次紧密设置的光热层、导热保温层和浮动蒸发层：
所述光热层为碳纳米管溶液涂覆层；
所述导热保温层为三层氧化铝纤维毡和三层PP纤维毡，所述三层氧化铝纤维毡和三层PP纤维毡为依次间隔交错设置；
所述浮动蒸发层为木棉毡。
优选地，所述碳纳米管溶液涂覆层的浓度为10mg/ml。
优选地，所述木棉毡的克重为95-265g/m2。
优选地，每层所述氧化铝纤维毡的克重为155-170g/m2，且氧化铝纤维毡的氧化铝纤维长度为7-15cm。
优选地，所述PP纤维毡的克重为50-100g/m2，且PP纤维毡的PP纤维长度为2-5cm。
本发明还提供了一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：纤维成网：通过对氧化铝纤维毡的克重配置，将氧化铝纤维毡进行导湿隔热，且氧化铝纤维毡为纯氧化铝纤维毡；
步骤二、层叠铺网：将纯氧化铝纤维和PP纤维分别喂入梳理机，梳理成片状，手工铺网，得到的两组纤维毡，并按照氧化铝纤维毡在下，向上层间隔叠PP纤维毡的顺序进行铺网，得到复合毡；
步骤三、复合针刺：将木棉毡与步骤二中得到的复合毡叠铺合在一起，喂入针刺机中进行针刺处理，得到针刺复合毡；
步骤四、喷涂光热层：将提前配置好的碳纳米管溶液通过喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤三中得到的针刺复合毡的顶部表面，静置晾干，得到复合非织造材料。
优选地，在步骤三中，针刺密度为160-300针/cm2，针刺深度3-4cm，且为双面针刺。
通过采用上述技术方案：将木棉、氧化铝纤维和PP纤维进行双面针刺复合，从而确保复合非织造材料的厚度配置，同时提高材料的整体强力。其中，利用天然木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为浮动蒸发结构，选择具有芯吸效应和超轻质高导热的氧化铝纤维及保温性优良的PP纤维制成纤维毡，并通过错层叠加作为中间导湿导热层，实现热量管理，减少热损失，上表面采用喷涂碳纳米管实现对太阳光的高效吸收转换以及海水持续蒸发效果。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述的制备方法制得的复合非织造材料在海水淡化中的应用，具体为：
将复合非织造材料自漂浮在海面上，并将复合非织造材料的光热层高于海水液面8mm以上，作为太阳能海水蒸发淡化装置，对太阳光吸收产热产生蒸汽，通过中间导热保温层进行热量管理，减少热量损失，达到高效海水淡化的目的。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明利用天然木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为浮动蒸发结构，选择具有芯吸效应和超轻质高导热的氧化铝纤维及保温性优良的PP纤维制成纤维毡，并通过错层叠加作为中间导湿导热层，实现热量管理，减少热损失，上表面采用喷涂碳纳米管实现对太阳光的高效吸收转换以及海水持续蒸发效果。
2、本发明通过在中间层采用氧化铝纤维与PP纤维错层叠加达到热量管理的目的，氧化铝纤维具有良好的芯吸效应，隔热效果优良，可以向光热转换层持续输送海水，保证水蒸发和水运输的同步运转，另一方面PP纤维具有良好的保温性，可以作为保温隔热层，减小界面下的热量损耗，避免非蒸发的能量损失，维持整个界面体系持续蒸发的所需能量。
3、本发明采用的纤维原料来源广泛，均符合当代环保理念，符合可持续发展。
4、本发明采用的织造针刺工艺十分环保，有助于节能降耗；制备方法易操作，可实现产业化。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1获得样品的水分蒸发速率图；
图3为本发明实施例2获得样品的水分蒸发速率图。
图中：1光热层、2导热保温层、3浮动蒸发层、4氧化铝纤维毡、5PP纤维毡。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，以使本领域的技术人员能够更好的理解本发明的优点和特征，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚的界定。本发明所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参照图1-3，一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料，包括由上至下依次紧密设置的光热层1、导热保温层2和浮动蒸发层3；
所述光热层1为碳纳米管溶液涂覆层；
所述导热保温层2为三层氧化铝纤维毡4和三层PP纤维毡5，所述三层氧化铝纤维毡4和三层PP纤维毡5为依次间隔交错设置；
所述浮动蒸发层3为木棉毡。
具体的，所述碳纳米管溶液涂覆层的浓度为10mg/ml。
具体的，所述木棉毡的克重为95-265g/m2。
具体的，每层所述氧化铝纤维毡4的克重为155-170g/m2，且氧化铝纤维毡4的氧化铝纤维长度为7-15cm。
具体的，所述PP纤维毡5的克重为50-100g/m2，且PP纤维毡5的PP纤维长度为2-5cm。
一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：纤维成网：通过对氧化铝纤维毡的克重配置，将氧化铝纤维毡进行导湿隔热，且氧化铝纤维毡为纯氧化铝纤维毡；
步骤二、层叠铺网：将纯氧化铝纤维和PP纤维分别喂入梳理机，梳理成片状，手工铺网，得到的两组纤维毡，并按照氧化铝纤维毡在下，向上层间隔叠PP纤维毡的顺序进行铺网，得到复合毡；
步骤三、复合针刺：将木棉毡与步骤二中得到的复合毡叠铺合在一起，喂入针刺机中进行针刺处理，得到针刺复合毡；
步骤四、喷涂光热层：将提前配置好的碳纳米管溶液通过喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤三中得到的针刺复合毡的顶部表面，静置晾干，得到复合非织造材料。
其中，在步骤三中，针刺密度为160-300针/cm2，针刺深度3-4cm，且为双面针刺。
一种采用上述的制备方法制得的复合非织造材料在海水淡化中的应用，具体为：
将复合非织造材料自漂浮在海面上，并将复合非织造材料的光热层高于海水液面8mm以上，作为太阳能海水蒸发淡化装置，对太阳光吸收产热产生蒸汽，通过中间导热保温层进行热量管理，减少热量损失，达到高效海水淡化的目的。
实际应用时，将木棉、氧化铝纤维和PP纤维进行双面针刺复合，从而确保复合非织造材料的厚度配置，同时提高材料的整体强力。其中，利用天然木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为浮动蒸发结构，选择具有芯吸效应和超轻质高导热的氧化铝纤维及保温性优良的PP纤维制成纤维毡，并通过错层叠加作为中间导湿导热层，实现热量管理，减少热损失，上表面采用喷涂碳纳米管实现对太阳光的高效吸收转换以及海水持续蒸发效果。
实施例1：
一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、纤维成网：通过对氧化铝纤维毡的克重配置，氧化铝纤维毡需要进行导湿隔热，氧化铝纤维毡的克重为170g/m2，且为纯氧化铝纤维毡；
步骤二、层叠铺网：将上述克重为170g/m2的氧化铝纤维和100g/m2的PP纤维分别喂入梳理机，由于纯氧化铝纤维梳理成片状，手工铺网，将得到的两组纤维毡按照氧化铝在下，向上层叠PP纤维毡的顺序进行铺网，得到复合毡；
步骤三、复合针刺：木棉毡的克重为200g/m2，将木棉毡和步骤二中的复合毡叠铺合在一起，喂入针刺机，针刺密度为180针/cm2，针刺加固的针刺深度为4cm，得到针刺复合毡；
步骤四、将提前配置好的碳纳米管溶液通过喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤三中针刺复合毡上表面，静置晾干，得到非织造材料样品。
由上述实施例1获得样品的水分蒸发速率(光照强度为1kW·m-2的条件下)测试结果为1.94Kg/(m2·h)，如图2所示。
实施例2：
一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、纤维成网：通过对氧化铝纤维毡的克重配置，氧化铝纤维毡需要进行导湿隔热，氧化铝纤维毡的克重为170g/m2，且为纯氧化铝纤维毡；
步骤二、层叠铺网：将上述克重为170g/m2的氧化铝纤维和80g/m2的PP纤维分别喂入梳理机，由于纯氧化铝纤维梳理成片状，手工铺网，将得到的两组纤维毡按照氧化铝在下，向上层叠PP纤维毡的顺序进行铺网，得到复合毡；
步骤三、复合针刺：木棉毡的克重为200g/m2，将木棉毡和步骤二中的复合毡层叠铺合在一起，喂入针刺机，针刺密度为180针/cm2，针刺加固的针刺深度为4cm，得到针刺复合毡；
步骤四、喷涂光热层：将提前配置好的碳纳米管溶液通过喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤三中针刺复合毡上表面，静置晾干，得到复合非织造材料样品。
由上述实施例2获得样品的水分蒸发速率(光照强度为1kW·m-2的条件下)测试结果为1.80Kg/(m2·h)，如图3所示。
综上所述，本发明利用天然木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为浮动蒸发结构，选择具有芯吸效应和超轻质高导热的氧化铝纤维及保温性优良的PP纤维制成纤维毡，并通过错层叠加作为中间导湿导热层，实现热量管理，减少热损失，上层采用喷涂碳纳米管实现对太阳光的高效吸收转换以及海水持续蒸发效果。
本发明中披露的说明和实践，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，都是易于思考和理解的，且在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的修改或改进，也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料，其特征在于，包括由上至下依次紧密设置的光热层(1)、导热保温层(2)和浮动蒸发层(3)；
所述光热层(1)为碳纳米管溶液涂覆层；
所述导热保温层(2)为三层氧化铝纤维毡(4)和三层PP纤维毡(5)，所述三层氧化铝纤维毡(4)和三层PP纤维毡(5)为依次间隔交错设置；
所述浮动蒸发层(3)为木棉毡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管溶液涂覆层的浓度为10mg/ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料，其特征在于，所述木棉毡的克重为95-265g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料，其特征在于，每层所述氧化铝纤维毡(4)的克重为155-170g/m2，且氧化铝纤维毡(4)的氧化铝纤维长度为7-15cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料，其特征在于，所述PP纤维毡(5)的克重为50-100g/m2，且PP纤维毡(5)的PP纤维长度为2-5cm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：纤维成网：通过对氧化铝纤维毡的克重配置，将氧化铝纤维毡进行导湿隔热，且氧化铝纤维毡为纯氧化铝纤维毡；
步骤二、层叠铺网：将纯氧化铝纤维和PP纤维分别喂入梳理机，梳理成片状，手工铺网，得到的两组纤维毡，并按照氧化铝纤维毡在下，向上层间隔叠PP纤维毡的顺序进行铺网，得到复合毡；
步骤三、复合针刺：将木棉毡与步骤二中得到的复合毡叠铺合在一起，喂入针刺机中进行针刺处理，得到针刺复合毡；
步骤四、喷涂光热层：将提前配置好的碳纳米管溶液通过喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤三中得到的针刺复合毡的顶部表面，静置晾干，得到复合非织造材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于多层自我调节复合非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤三中，针刺密度为160-300针/cm2，针刺深度3-4cm，且为双面针刺。
8.一种采用权利要求6所述的制备方法制得的复合非织造材料在海水淡化中的应用，其特征在于，将复合非织造材料自漂浮在海面上，作为太阳能海水蒸发淡化装置，对太阳光吸收产热产生蒸汽，通过中间导热保温层进行热量管理，减少热量损失，达到高效海水淡化的目的。
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