CN113619216A - 一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡和针刺加固方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡和针刺加固方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN113619216A
CN113619216A CN202111008810.8A CN202111008810A CN113619216A CN 113619216 A CN113619216 A CN 113619216A CN 202111008810 A CN202111008810 A CN 202111008810A CN 113619216 A CN113619216 A CN 113619216A
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felt
carbon cloth
kapok
needling
woven
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戴家木
聂渡
刘蓉
张广宇
臧传锋
李素英
张伟
张瑜
张宇
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Nantong University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡和针刺加固方法及应用，属于无纺布制备技术领域。其技术方案为：木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡由木棉毡和碳布两层不同的基布通过针刺或粘合剂粘合而成；针刺加固方法包括如下步骤：步骤一、厚度配置；步骤二、铺网：步骤三、针刺；或包括以下步骤：厚度配置、施胶和施压。本发明的有益效果为：本发明选用具有质轻、中空以及环保等特点的木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为下隔热层，利用具有几乎涵盖从可见光到红外的宽带的光谱吸收能力的碳布作为面层充当上光热转换层，实现对太阳光的高效率吸收产热，实现海水的持续蒸发，从而达到淡化的目的。

Description

一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡和针刺加固方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布制备技术领域，尤其涉及一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡和针刺加固方法及应用。
背景技术
经济科技快速发展的时代，水污染也越来越严重，水资源短缺已经是目前存在的很严重的问题。就目前而言，在国内很多干旱地区，如沿海地区、西北等干旱地区的缺水问题，海水淡化是解决水资源短缺的一种有效方法。传统的海水淡化技术出现的比较早，经过多年的发展，在工业上已经比较成熟。
在过去的几年里，一种由上光热转换层和下隔热层组成复合结构被开发出来。这种设计使顶部光热层捕获大量的太阳光，有效地转化为热量，而底层支撑层一方面能够使得整个体系，另一方面作为热障，能减小液面界面下海水对碳布热量耗散，减小非蒸发的能量损失，维持体系在界面持续蒸发所需要的热量。
目前，这种上光热转换层和下隔热层组成复合结构实现的有三大难点。首先在于在于底层支撑层材料的选择，它既要起到强有力的支撑强力作用，又要能实现复合结构体的自漂浮。其次就是上光热转换层材的选择，不久对材料的光热转换能力有较高的要求，还要求水汽能够透过他本身。最后就是两种不同材料的复合方式，常见的涂覆、粘合方式不仅容易在界面造成淤积，影响蒸发效果，还会造成整体强力的下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡和针刺加固方法及应用，本发明选用具有质轻、中空以及环保等特点的木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为下隔热层，利用具有几乎涵盖从可见光到红外的宽带的光谱吸收能力的碳布作为面层充当上光热转换层，实现对太阳光的高效率吸收产热，实现海水的持续蒸发，从而达到淡化的目的。
本发明是通过如下措施实现的：一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡，其中，所述木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡由木棉毡和碳布两层不同的基布通过针刺或粘合剂粘合而成。
作为本发明提供的一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法进一步优化方案，所述木棉毡、碳布的厚度配置标准是通过木棉纤维毡与碳布厚度的配置，所述木棉毡的克重为50-300g/m2,对应碳布的最大克重为木棉毡克重的20倍；针刺后将复合非织造毡放置在海水中，上层的碳布部分高于海水液面5mm以上。
作为本发明提供的一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法进一步优化方案，所述针刺过程中，针刺密度为100-300刺/cm2,针刺深度2mm-7mm。
作为本发明提供的一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法进一步优化方案，所述粘合剂粘合是在粘结界面的两侧施胶。
作为本发明提供的一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法进一步优化方案，所述针刺过程中，通过针刺由碳布一侧进针，确保木棉毡内部纤维的完整，为木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡整体提供强力。
为了更好是实现上述发明目的，本发明还提供了一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、厚度配置：通过木棉纤维毡、碳布的克重配置，针刺后将复合毡子放置在海水中时，上层的碳布部分高于海水液面；木棉毡的克重为50-300g/m2，对应碳布的最大克重为木棉毡克重的20倍；
步骤二、铺网：将上述50-300g/m2的木棉纤维毡与对应厚度碳布铺合在一起；
步骤三、针刺：将步骤二中铺合在一起的木棉纤维毡与碳布，喂入针刺机，使刺针由碳布一侧刺入，针刺方式为单针板垂直针刺，针刺深度7mm。
进一步地，所述针刺加固是刺针由碳布一侧刺入木棉纤维毡与碳布复合毡。
为了更好是实现上述发明目的，本发明又提供了一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，其中，针刺加固方法包括如下步骤：
S1.厚度配置：通过木棉纤维毡与碳布的克重配置，在针刺后将复合毡子放置在海水中时，上层的碳布部分高于海水液面；木棉毡的克重为50-300g/m2,对应碳布的最大克重为木棉毡克重的20倍；
S2.施胶：在木棉毡和碳布的接触面一侧分别涂一定量的粘合剂；
S3.施压：将一层木棉毡和碳布贴在一起，在一定压力下对木棉毡和碳布进行压制，压制之后直接卸压。
进一步地，所述的克重配置方案为通过木棉纤维毡与碳布厚度的配置，在针刺后实现将复合毡子放置在海水中时，上层的碳布部分高于海水液面；木棉毡的克重为50-300g/m2,对应碳布的最大克重为选用木棉毡克重的三倍。
进一步地，所述的木棉毡和碳布的复合方式包括粘合剂粘合和针刺。
进一步地，所述的木棉毡和碳布的针刺加固方式是有碳布一侧进针。
为了更好地实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的应用，利用所述的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡自漂浮在液面上，高效率吸收太阳光产生热量，实现海水的蒸汽，从而达到淡化的目的。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)、本发明选用质轻、中空以及环保等特点的木棉纤维制成的木棉毡作为下隔热层，利用从可见光到红外的宽带的光谱吸收能力的碳布作为面层充当上光热转换层，实现对太阳光的高效率吸收产热，实现海水的持续蒸发，从而达到淡化的目的。
(2)、本发明以环保为原则，采用环保的木棉毡以及碳布为原料，采用非织造针刺工艺直接成网，将木棉毡基布和碳布面层复合在一起，在传统用于海水淡化材料结构基础上，通过使用中空保暖的木棉纤维毡为基布，能够为面层碳布提供浮力，通过合理的厚度配置，基布能够将碳布面层托在海水上方，一方面能够让碳布面层充分吸收阳光辐射，从而稳定产热，另一方面能减小液面界面下海水对碳布热量耗散，减小非蒸发的能量损失，维持体系在界面持续蒸发所需要的热量。
(3)、本发明能够减小海水蒸发淡化时，海水液面界面下海水对体系热量的非蒸发耗散，维持体系热量的稳定，为体系在界面持续蒸发所需要的热量提供保障。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。
图1为本发明木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的示意图。
图2为本发明木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡成品的拉伸(横、纵向)及顶破力学测试数据力学性能测试曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。当然，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，主要包括以下步骤：
1.备料：选用克重为100g/m2的木棉毡，选250g/m2碳布；
2.铺网：将上述定厚度的木棉毡作为基布，将相应的碳布铺在木棉毡上；
3.加固：将复合铺层的木棉毡与碳布进行针刺；刺针由碳布一侧依次穿过碳布、木棉毡。针刺深度为6mm,针刺密度为200刺·cm-2。
实施例2：
本实施例又提供一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，主要包括以下步骤：
1.备料：选用克重为100g/cm2的木棉毡，选250g/cm2碳布；
2.施胶：在木棉毡和碳布的接触面一侧分别环氧树脂粘合剂，涂胶量为10g/m2；
3.施压：将一层木棉毡和碳布贴在一起，在单位压力1.2MPa的条件下对木棉毡和碳布进行压制，压时间为2h，压制之后直接卸压。
实施例1、实施例2中获得成品的拉伸(横、纵向)及顶破力学测试数据如图2所示，水分蒸发速率(光照强度为1kW.m-2)的条件下测试结果如表1所示：
表1为本发明木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的蒸发性能表
Figure BDA0003238091540000041
在其他条件相同时，采用粘合加固方式获得的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的界面温度为38.6℃，蒸发速度为1.49kg m-2h-1,针刺加固获得的棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的界面温度为39.5℃，相应蒸发速度也更高，为1.53kg m-2h-1。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡，其特征在于，所述木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡由木棉毡(1)和碳布(2)两层基布通过针刺或粘合剂粘合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，其特征在于，所述木棉毡(1)、碳布(2)的厚度配置标准是通过木棉纤维毡与碳布厚度的配置，所述木棉毡的克重为50-300g/m2,对应碳布的最大克重为木棉毡克重的20倍；针刺后将复合非织造毡放置在海水中，上层的碳布部分高于海水液面5mm以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，其特征在于，所述针刺过程中，针刺密度为100-300刺/cm2,针刺深度2mm-7mm。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的针刺加固方法，其特征在于，所述粘合剂粘合是在粘结界面的两侧施胶。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的针刺加固方法，其特征在于，所述针刺过程中，通过针刺由碳布一侧进针。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、厚度配置：通过木棉纤维毡、碳布的克重配置，针刺后将复合毡子放置在海水中时，上层的碳布部分高于海水液面；木棉毡的克重为50-300g/m2，对应碳布的最大克重为木棉毡克重的20倍；
步骤二、铺网：将上述50-300g/m2克重的木棉纤维毡与对应克重碳布铺合在一起；
步骤三、针刺：将步骤二中铺合在一起的木棉纤维毡与碳布，喂入针刺机，使刺针由碳布一侧刺入，针刺深度低于7mm。
7.一种基于权利要求1所述的的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的针刺加固方法，其特征在于，所述针刺加固方法包括如下步骤：
S1.厚度配置：通过木棉纤维毡与碳布的克重配置，在针刺后将复合毡子放置在海水中时，上层的碳布部分高于海水液面；木棉毡的克重为50-300g/m2,对应碳布的最大克重为木棉毡克重的20倍；
S2.施胶：在木棉毡和碳布的接触面一侧分别涂一定量的粘合剂；
S3.施压：将一层木棉毡和碳布贴在一起，在一定压力下对木棉毡和碳布进行压制，压制之后直接卸压。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡的应用，其特征在于，利用所述的木棉毡、碳布复合非织造毡自漂浮在液面上，高效率吸收太阳光产生热量，实现海水的蒸汽，从而达到淡化的目的。
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