CN116034700B - Method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum - Google Patents
Method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum Download PDFInfo
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- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000174716 Phaseolus caracalla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 42
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001081178 Cryptocarya Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001528187 Paliurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum; the method comprises the following steps: a. seedling stage: entering seedling stage after rooting and seedling-recovering of cut chrysanthemum, wherein nitrogen fertilizer management is 4-8mg nitrogen/(plant×day); b. the vigorous growth period: after the cut chrysanthemum canopy is sealed, the overground part rapidly grows to enter into the vigorous growth period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is managed to be 8-12mg nitrogen/(plant x day); c. flower bud differentiation period: after the cut chrysanthemum stops lighting, the cut chrysanthemum enters a flower bud differentiation period, only water is irrigated for the first week of flower bud differentiation, the conversion of the cut chrysanthemum from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is promoted, and then nitrogen fertilizer management is 2-4mg nitrogen/(plant x day); d. bud-rupture phase: entering a bud emergence-membrane rupture period after bud emergence of the cut chrysanthemum, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer management at the beginning of bud emergence is 1-2mg nitrogen/(plant x day) for two weeks, and stopping fertilizer after two weeks; e. rupture of membranes-flowering phase: and (3) irrigating clear water only during the period from the membrane breaking to the flower picking of the cut chrysanthemum. According to the nitrogen fertilizer requirements of the cut chrysanthemum in the growing period, the invention can accurately manage the nitrogen fertilizer to the single daily nitrogen application amount of each growing period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation fertilization, and particularly relates to a method for accurately applying nitrogen fertilizer in a whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum.
Background
The chrysanthemum is originally produced in China, is a ten-large traditional famous flower in China, and has high ornamental value. Cut flowers refer to flowers and branches cut from plants and used for flower decoration such as flower arrangement or bouquet making. Chrysanthemum is one of the excellent varieties of cut flowers. The cut chrysanthemum has various colors, rich flowers and long bottle inserting period, is one of four cut chrysanthemum in the world, and has extremely important position in the flower industry in the world. Along with the continuous rising of market demands at home and abroad, the production area of the cut-flower chrysanthemum in China is about 10 mu, the annual output and the yield value reach 28 hundred million parts and 20 hundred million yuan respectively, the scale is located at the first part of the world, but the cultivation management level of the cut-flower chrysanthemum in China is still quite different from the cultivation management level of the fresh cut-flower chrysanthemum in the Netherlands and Japan. Especially in the use of fertilizers represented by nitrogenous fertilizers, although water and fertilizer integrated equipment such as drip irrigation and the like is commonly used in the process of cultivating cut flowers by enterprises and farmers at present, the application period, the application amount and the application frequency of the nitrogenous fertilizers are still mainly experienced, and the application method has large blindness, so that the yield and the quality of cut flowers are difficult to accurately control.
Nitrogen is an important nutrient element affecting the growth and development of cut chrysanthemum and the formation of appearance quality, and the quality of cut flowers can be reduced due to insufficient or excessive application of nitrogen in the cultivation process of the cut chrysanthemum. The application amount of nitrogen is low, so that the cut chrysanthemum plants are thin and weak, the leaf color is yellow, the growth is slow, and the service life of bottle-inserted leaves is short; too high an application amount of nitrogen can result in overgrowth of the greedy cut chrysanthemum, brittle leaves, delayed flowering and poor storability. The traditional empirical nitrogen fertilizer management mode often causes phenomena of nitrogen fertilizer deficiency and excessive nitrogen fertilizer consumption in the growth process of the cut chrysanthemum, so that the quality of the cut chrysanthemum is reduced and the yield is unstable. Along with the continuous upgrading of domestic water and fertilizer integrated equipment, convenience is provided for scientific and accurate nitrogen application of the cut chrysanthemum nitrogenous fertilizer; in order to ensure the quality of cut flowers and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, enterprises also increase the irrigation frequency continuously in the cultivation management process, and the water and nitrogen supply mode of 'one day one fertilizer' taking a single day as a period is a main mode of water and fertilizer accurate management and intelligent irrigation of enterprises in the future. However, the domestic research on the supply amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer for the chrysanthemum is limited to the total fertilization amount, the fertilization period, the fertilization frequency and the specific fertilization amount of the chrysanthemum are not clear, and the practical production requirements are difficult to meet. The invention accurately manages the nitrogen fertilizer of the cut chrysanthemum to the single daily nitrogen application amount of each period for the first time, thereby meeting the requirements of small amount, multiple times and accurate supply of nitrogen fertilizer for enterprises and farmers at present, and simultaneously meeting the trend of automatic irrigation and intelligent irrigation of the greenhouse cut chrysanthemum in future.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the lack of scientific and reasonable basis of the nitrogen fertilizer application amount, application frequency, application time and the like in each growth period of the current cut-flower chrysanthemum, the invention aims to provide the method for accurately applying the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cut-flower chrysanthemum.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum comprises the following steps:
a. Seedling stage: entering seedling stage after rooting and seedling-recovering of cut chrysanthemum, wherein nitrogen fertilizer management is 4-8mg nitrogen/(plant×day);
b. The vigorous growth period: after the cut chrysanthemum canopy is sealed, the overground part rapidly grows to enter into the vigorous growth period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is managed to be 8-12mg nitrogen/(plant x day);
c. Flower bud differentiation period: after the cut chrysanthemum stops lighting, the cut chrysanthemum enters a flower bud differentiation period, only water is irrigated for the first week of flower bud differentiation, the conversion of the cut chrysanthemum from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is promoted, and then nitrogen fertilizer management is 2-4mg nitrogen/(plant x day);
d. Bud-rupture phase: entering a bud emergence-membrane rupture period after bud emergence of the cut chrysanthemum, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer management at the beginning of bud emergence is 1-2mg nitrogen/(plant x day) for two weeks, and stopping fertilizer after two weeks;
e. rupture of membranes-flowering phase: and (3) irrigating clear water only during the period from the membrane breaking to the flower picking of the cut chrysanthemum.
According to the characteristics of growth rate, appearance quality, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and the like of each growth period of the cut chrysanthemum, the invention accurately manages the nitrogen fertilizer of the cut chrysanthemum to the single daily nitrogen application amount of each growth period, thereby not only meeting the requirement of the cut chrysanthemum on the nitrogen fertilizer in each growth period, but also improving the cut flower quality, being beneficial to reducing the nitrogen fertilizer residue and improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
In some specific embodiments, 50-112mg nitrogen/plant, preferably 84mg nitrogen/plant, 120-168mg nitrogen/plant, preferably 140mg nitrogen/plant, is applied in the vigorous growth phase, 28-56mg nitrogen/plant, preferably 42mg nitrogen/plant, is applied in the flower bud differentiation phase, 14-28mg nitrogen/plant, preferably 21mg nitrogen/plant, is applied in the bud-rupture phase, only clear water is irrigated in the rupture-harvest phase, and 270-310mg nitrogen/plant is applied in the total growth phase.
In some embodiments, the mother liquor used to apply nitrogen during the seedling stage, growth promoting stage is a mother liquor having a nitrogen content of 10-15g/L, preferably 14 g/L.
In some specific embodiments, the mother liquor used for applying nitrogen during the flower bud differentiation stage, the bud-rupture stage, and the rupture-harvest stage is a mother liquor having a nitrogen content of 8-12g/L, preferably 10.5 g/L.
In some specific embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer in the mother liquor is urea; preferably, the mother liquor also contains potash fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer.
Wherein the potash fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate and/or potassium nitrate; the ammonium fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate;
Preferably, in the vegetative phase (seedling phase, vigorous phase), N: p 2O5：K2 O mass ratio = 1:0.8-1:1-1.2. The N is as follows: the mass ratio of P 2O5：K2 O can be 1:0.8:1. 1:0.8:1.1, 1:0.8:1.2, 1:0.9:1. 1:0.9:1.1, 1:0.9:1.2, 1:1:1. 1:1:1.1, 1:1:1.2, etc.
Preferably, in the reproductive phase (bud differentiation phase, bud-rupture phase, rupture-harvest phase), N: p 2O5：K2 O mass ratio = 1:2-2.5:1.8-2.4. The N is as follows: the mass ratio of P 2O5：K2 O can be 1:2:1.8, 1:2:2.0, 1:2:2.4, 1:2.3:1.8, 1:2.2:2.1, 1:2.2:2.4, 1:2.5:1.8, 1:2.5:2.1, 1:2.5:2.4, etc.
In some specific embodiments, the single daily mother liquor application amount per unit area=single daily nitrogen application amount per unit plant×mother liquor nitrogen concentration×planting density, and after knowing the single daily nitrogen application amount per unit plant, the mother liquor nitrogen concentration, and the planting density, the single daily mother liquor application amount per unit area can be calculated according to a formula.
In some specific embodiments, the seedling nitrogen fertilizer management is 6mg nitrogen/(plant x day).
In some specific embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer management in the vigorous growth phase is 10mg nitrogen/(plant x day).
In some specific embodiments, the flower bud differentiation stage nitrogen fertilizer management is 3mg nitrogen/(plant x day).
In some specific embodiments, the two week nitrogen fertilizer management at the beginning of the bud is 1.5mg nitrogen/(plant. Day)
In some specific embodiments, the nutrient growth phase (seedling phase, vigorous growth phase) of the cut-flower chrysanthemum is long-day management, during which daily more than 14 hours are allowed by night light supplementation; the reproductive phase of cut-flower chrysanthemum is short-day management, during which the day time is shorter than 10 hours by shading.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the method for precisely applying the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cut chrysanthemum has the following advantages:
1. According to the characteristics of growth rate, appearance quality, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and the like of each growth period of the cut chrysanthemum, the invention accurately manages the nitrogen fertilizer of the cut chrysanthemum to the single daily nitrogen application amount of each growth period, thereby not only meeting the requirement of the cut chrysanthemum on the nitrogen fertilizer in each growth period, but also improving the cut flower quality, being beneficial to reducing the nitrogen fertilizer residue and improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
2. The scheme of single plant daily nitrogen application of each growth period of the cut chrysanthemum provided by the invention can meet the requirements of small amount, multiple times and precise supply of nitrogen fertilizer in the current integration of water and fertilizer cultivation management of enterprises and farmers, simultaneously meets the trend of automatic irrigation and intelligent irrigation of greenhouse cut chrysanthemum, provides mode reference for the precise management of nitrogen fertilizer of other crops, and has wide application prospect.
3. The method for precisely applying the nitrogenous fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cut flowers adopts the nitrogenous fertilizer demand-supply balance principle, can be applied to soil or matrixes with different basic fertility, and stably obtains high-quality cut flowers.
4. The invention divides the growth period of the cut chrysanthemum according to the growth characteristics of the cut chrysanthemum, thereby being more convenient for standardized management in the production of enterprises and farmers.
In a word, the invention provides a scientific full-growth-period nitrogen application scheme for realizing high-quality, high-efficiency and stable standardized production of the cut chrysanthemum, provides accurate basis for the nitrogen fertilizer consumption of enterprises and farmers in the process of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation which is supplied for a small number of times and according to needs, solves the problems of experience and blindness of nitrogen fertilizer management of the enterprises and farmers, scientifically and reasonably ensures the high quality of the cut chrysanthemum, and increases the production and income.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a method of quantitatively fertilizing a proportional fertilizer applicator; wherein, in the figure, a frame is a proportional fertilizer applicator, and in the b frame is a fertilizer application mother solution.
Figure 2 shows the cut flowers on day 18 of bottle insertion after 7 days of dry storage of cut flowers.
Detailed Description
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 method for accurate application of Nitrogen fertilizer during the full growth period of cut-flower chrysanthemum
A method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum comprises the following steps:
a. Seedling stage: entering a seedling stage after rooting and seedling-restoring of the cut chrysanthemum, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is managed to be 6mg nitrogen/(plant day);
b. The vigorous growth period: after the cut chrysanthemum canopy is sealed, the overground part rapidly grows to enter into a vigorous growth period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is managed to be 10mg nitrogen/(plant day);
c. Flower bud differentiation period: after the cut chrysanthemum stops lighting, the cut chrysanthemum enters a flower bud differentiation period, only water is irrigated for the first week of flower bud differentiation, the conversion of the cut chrysanthemum from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is promoted, and then nitrogen fertilizer management is 3mg nitrogen/(plant x day);
d. bud-rupture phase: entering a bud emergence-membrane rupture period after bud emergence of the cut chrysanthemum, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer management at the beginning of bud emergence is 1.5mg nitrogen/(plant x day) for two weeks, and stopping fertilizer after two weeks;
e. rupture of membranes-flowering phase: and (3) irrigating clear water only during the period from the membrane breaking to the flower picking of the cut chrysanthemum.
Wherein, the nutrient growth period (seedling period, vigorous growth period) of the cut chrysanthemum adopts long-day management, and the daily period is more than 14 hours through light supplement at night; the reproductive phase of cut-flower chrysanthemum is short-day management, during which the day time is shorter than 10 hours by shading.
Example 2
Experiments were performed at 2022, 3-7 months, on the open-world Hua bioindustry Co., ltd.
1. Materials and methods
1.1 Test crop: cut flower chrysanthemum 'nannong Xiaojinxing'.
1.2 Test method: greenhouse cultivation test
1.3 Test soil:
The test soil is Yunnan red soil: soil volume weight of 0-20cm soil layer is 1.065g/cm 3, EC is 0.92ms/cm, pH is 6.45 (soil EC and pH are determined by adopting an attraction method and a soil extract is prepared by a vacuum needle tube extraction method), organic matter content is 5.2g/Kg, quick-acting nitrogen content is 80.41mg/Kg, quick-acting phosphorus content is 206.14mg/Kg and quick-acting potassium content is 55.04mg/Kg. The planting density is about 70 plants/m 2, and the plant row spacing is 12cm multiplied by 12cm. With a fully random granule design, 3 replicates per treatment, cell area 2.88m 2.
1.4 Method for preparing and applying mother liquor
1.4.1 Preparation of mother liquor
The mother liquor in the vegetative growth phase (seedling phase and vigorous growth phase) is prepared according to the following steps: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium nitrate: water = 21.7:13.3:7:26.6:1000 (N: P 2O5:K2 O mass ratio = 1:0.8:1.2) to prepare a mother liquor with nitrogen content of 14 g/L; preparing mother solution in reproductive growth period (flower bud differentiation period, bud emergence-membrane rupture period, membrane rupture-flower picking period), and preparing the mother solution according to urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium nitrate: water = 10.85:35:19.3:25.2:1000 (N: P 2O5:K2 O mass ratio=1:2.5:1.8) a mother liquor with a nitrogen content of 10.5g/L was prepared.
1.4.2 Methods of administration
Treatment 1 (method of the invention): reference is made to example 1.
According to the unit area single day mother liquor application amount = single plant single day nitrogen application amount x mother liquor nitrogen concentration x planting density, corresponding mother liquor application 0.03L/(square meter x day) in the cut chrysanthemum seedling stage, corresponding mother liquor application 0.05L/(square meter x day) in the vigorous growth stage, corresponding mother liquor application 0.02L/(square meter x day) in the flower bud differentiation stage, and corresponding mother liquor application 0.01L/(square meter x day) in the bud-rupture stage can be obtained; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in each growth period and the number of fertilizer application times are shown in Table 1.
Treatment 2 (empirical fertilization method): the fertilization management is carried out according to the production experience of enterprises, and the total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applied and the fertilization times in each growth period of the enterprises are shown in table 2.
Description: the soil moisture in both treatments is controlled between-20 Kpa and-4 Kpa (0.09-0.18 of the water content of the soil volume), and the irrigation amount of each treatment is determined according to the moisture loss amount in the soil.
2. Results
2.1 Test Nitrogen fertilizer application record
Table 1 table of nitrogen fertilizer application records of the inventive process test
Note that: the test seedlings are planted in a direct cutting mode and are cut in the period of 2022, 3 months and 9 days.
Table 2 table of nitrogen fertilizer application records of empirical nitrogen application method test
Note that: the test seedlings are planted in a direct cutting mode and are cut in the period of 2022, 3 months and 9 days. The table above shows the number of fertilizer applications and the cumulative nitrogen application for each growth period of the empirical nitrogen application method.
2.2 Analysis of the Effect of different treatments on the growth and appearance quality index of Cryptocarya paliurus
2.2.1 Analysis of the Effect of different treatments on the growth index of cut-flower chrysanthemum at the seedling stage
And (3) growing in a seedling stage after rooting and seedling recovery are finished, measuring appearance indexes such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf number and the like when the chrysanthemum canopy is about to seal, and measuring plant leaf area and fresh dry weight of overground parts by destructive sampling.
Analysis of variance was performed using spss.25 software and the results were as follows:
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on the growth index of cut chrysanthemum at seedling stage
As can be seen from Table 3, at the end of the cut chrysanthemum seedling stage, there was no significant difference in plant height, stem thickness and leaf number between treatment 1 and treatment 2, whereas the individual leaf area and fresh dry weight of the aerial parts of treatment 1 were significantly higher than treatment 2, wherein the individual leaf area treatment 1 was 23% higher than treatment 2, and the aerial part dry weight treatment 1 was 49% higher than treatment 2. Therefore, the nitrogen application method can ensure the daily nitrogen fertilizer requirement of the cut chrysanthemum in the seedling stage, can obviously improve the biomass of the cut chrysanthemum in the seedling stage, cultivate strong seedlings and relatively save fertilizer.
2.2.2 Analysis of the Effect of different treatments on the growth index of the Severe Filiformis in the vigorous growth phase
After the cut chrysanthemum canopy is sealed, the overground part enters a rapid growth stage, and is regarded as ending of a vigorous growth period when light is stopped and enters a flower bud differentiation stage, appearance indexes such as the height of each treated plant, the stem thickness, the leaf number and the like are measured on the light-stopping day, and destructive sampling is performed to measure the leaf area of the plant and the fresh dry weight of the overground part.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on growth indicators of chrysanthemum in the vigorous growth period
As can be seen from Table 4, at the end of the vigorous growth period of the cut chrysanthemum, the plant height, stem thickness and leaf number of the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 have little or no significant difference, and the individual plant leaf area and the fresh dry weight of the overground part of the treatment 1 are significantly higher than those of the treatment 2. As is clear from tables 1 and 2, the cumulative nitrogen application amount of the nitrogen application method of the present invention was 224 mg/plant and the cumulative nitrogen application amount of the empirical nitrogen application method was 280 mg/plant when the vigorous growth period was completed. Compared with an empirical nitrogen application method, the nitrogen application method has the advantages that the single plant leaf area of the cut chrysanthemum is increased by 14.01%, the biomass is increased by 17.70% and the cost of the nitrogen fertilizer is saved by 20.00% through a scientific and reasonable nitrogen application mode and the refined nitrogen application amount when the nutrition growth is finished.
2.2.3 Analysis of the Effect of different treatments on the growth index of the bud differentiation stage of the flowers
After cut chrysanthemum stops light and grows for a short day, leaf buds gradually differentiate into flower buds, and top buds are visible about three weeks when the light temperature is sufficient. At the initial bud setting, the appearance indexes such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf number and the like of each treatment are measured, and destructive sampling is carried out to measure the plant leaf area and the fresh dry weight of the overground part.
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on the growth index of the bud differentiation stage of flowers
As can be seen from table 5, the stem thickness and the leaf number between treatments are not significantly different, the plant height, the single plant leaf area and the fresh dry weight of the overground part treatment 1 are significantly higher than those of treatment 2, and on the basis that the single plant leaf area and the overground part dry weight have significant advantages, the plant height of treatment 1 is also significantly higher than that of treatment 2, and the improvement is 11%, which indicates that the advantage of treatment 1 is gradually increased along with the growth of plants.
2.2.4 Analysis of the Effect of different treatments on the growth index of the bud-rupture phase of Cryptographic Heterophyllum
The requirement on nitrogenous fertilizer after bud emergence of the cut chrysanthemum is low, and a small amount of nitrogen application can increase the leaf luster and improve the quality when the cut chrysanthemum is picked; too much nitrogen application not only delays the development of flowers, but also reduces the storage endurance of cut-flower chrysanthemums.
TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on the growth index of bud-rupture phase of cut chrysanthemum
As is clear from Table 6, the plant height, the leaf area of the individual plant, the fresh dry weight of the overground part and the flower bud and neck length of the cut flower quality index of treatment 1 are all significantly higher than those of treatment 2, and the method of the invention has the effect of promoting the cut flower quality index.
2.2.5 Analysis of the Effect of different treatments on growth and quality index during the harvesting of cut-flower chrysanthemum
The growth and quality index of cut chrysanthemum when harvesting directly determines the commodity quality of cut flowers.
TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on growth indicators of cut chrysanthemum when picking flowers
TABLE 8 Effect of different treatments on cut flower quality index at the time of cut flower harvesting
Note that: the length of the cut chrysanthemum is 75cm when harvesting, leaves with the lower 20cm are removed, and 10 branches are bundled.
As can be seen from tables 6 and 7, in treatment 1, the area of individual leaves was increased by 11.24%, the biomass of the overground part was increased by 27.54%, the number of flowers was increased by 21.49%, the flower stems were increased by 11.78%, the bouquet weight was increased by 12.17%, and the pot life was increased by 32.02% as compared with treatment 2; the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of treatment 1 was 67.68%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of treatment 2 was 44.89%. The nitrogen application method can obviously increase the commodity quality and benefit of the cut chrysanthemum, and greatly increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
In conclusion, the nitrogen fertilizer supply amount of the cut chrysanthemum is accurate to the single daily nitrogen supply amount of each growth period, and compared with an empirical nitrogen application method, the nitrogen fertilizer has a remarkable promotion effect on the growth of each growth period, is mainly expressed in that the leaf area and the biomass of the overground parts of the single plant are increased, and the number of cut flowers, the bouquet weight and the postharvest bottle-inserting life can be remarkably increased. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the accumulated nitrogen application amount of a single plant is 287 mg/plant, and compared with 390 mg/plant of the accumulated nitrogen application amount of a single plant in an empirical nitrogen application method, the method can save 26.41% of nitrogen fertilizer.
The method for precisely applying the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cut-flower chrysanthemum not only can promote the growth quality of the cut-flower chrysanthemum in the growth period, but also can promote the commodity quality of the cut-flower chrysanthemum when in harvest, save fertilizer, reduce cost and increase yield and efficiency.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that would occur to one skilled in the art are included in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum comprises the following steps:
a. seedling stage: entering seedling stage after rooting and seedling-recovering of cut chrysanthemum, wherein nitrogen fertilizer management is 4-8mg nitrogen/(plant×day);
b. the vigorous growth period: after the cut chrysanthemum canopy is sealed, the overground part rapidly grows to enter into the vigorous growth period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is managed to be 8-12mg nitrogen/(plant x day);
c. Flower bud differentiation period: after the cut chrysanthemum stops lighting, the cut chrysanthemum enters a flower bud differentiation period, only water is irrigated for the first week of flower bud differentiation, the conversion of the cut chrysanthemum from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is promoted, and then nitrogen fertilizer management is 2-4mg nitrogen/(plant x day);
d. Bud-rupture phase: entering a bud emergence-membrane rupture period after bud emergence of the cut chrysanthemum, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer management at the beginning of bud emergence is 1-2mg nitrogen/(plant x day) for two weeks, and stopping fertilizer after two weeks;
e. Rupture of membranes-flowering phase: irrigating clear water only during the period from the cutting of the chrysanthemum membrane to the picking of the flowers;
wherein 50-112mg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the accumulated seedling stage, 120-168mg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the accumulated growing period, 28-56mg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the flower bud differentiation stage, 14-28mg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the bud-film breaking stage, only clean water is irrigated in the film breaking-flower picking stage, and 270-310mg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the total growth period.
2. The method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in full growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the accumulated nitrogen fertilizer of 84mg per plant in seedling period, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 140mg per plant in vigorous growth period, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in flower bud differentiation period, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 42mg per plant, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in bud-rupture period, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 21mg per plant, and only clean water is irrigated in rupture-picking period.
3. The method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in full-growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the mother liquor used for applying nitrogen in seedling period and growth vigorous period is the mother liquor with nitrogen content of 10-15 g/L.
4. A method for accurate application of nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the mother liquor used for applying nitrogen in seedling stage and growth vigorous stage is the mother liquor with nitrogen content of 14 g/L.
5. A method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the mother liquor used for applying nitrogen in flower bud differentiation period, bud-film breaking period and film breaking-flower picking period is the mother liquor with nitrogen content of 8-12 g/L.
6. The method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in full-growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 5, wherein the mother liquor used for applying nitrogen in flower bud differentiation period, bud emergence-membrane rupture period and membrane rupture-flower picking period is the mother liquor with nitrogen content of 10.5 g/L.
7. The method for precise application of nitrogen fertilizer during total growth of cut flowers according to claim 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the mother liquor is urea.
8. The method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer during whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 7, wherein,
The mother liquor also contains potash fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer;
Wherein the potash fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate and/or potassium nitrate; the ammonium fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate;
The seedling stage and the vigorous growth stage have the mass ratio of N:P 2O5:K2 O=1: 0.8-1:1-1.2;
The flower bud differentiation period, bud emergence-membrane rupture period and membrane rupture-flower harvest period are as follows, and the mass ratio of N: P 2O5:K2 O is=1: 2-2.5:1.8-2.4.
9. The method for precise application of nitrogen fertilizer during whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer management during seedling period is 6 mg nitrogen/(plant x day).
10. The method for precise application of nitrogen fertilizer during whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer management during the vigorous growth period is 10mg nitrogen/(plant x day).
11. The method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer during full-growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer management during flower bud differentiation period is 3mg nitrogen/(plant x day).
12. The method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer during whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the two-week nitrogen fertilizer management at the beginning of bud emergence is 1.5mg nitrogen/(plant x day).
13. The method for precisely applying nitrogen fertilizer in full-growth period of cut chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein the seedling stage and the vigorous growth stage of the cut chrysanthemum are long-day management, and the daily period is more than 14 hours through light supplement at night; the bud differentiation period, bud-membrane rupture period and membrane rupture-flowering period of the cut flower chrysanthemum are short-day management, and the period is kept shorter than 10 hours daily through black shading.
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