CN116007462A - Hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting - Google Patents
Hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN116007462A CN116007462A CN202310131646.2A CN202310131646A CN116007462A CN 116007462 A CN116007462 A CN 116007462A CN 202310131646 A CN202310131646 A CN 202310131646A CN 116007462 A CN116007462 A CN 116007462A
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- energy dissipation
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- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting, which mainly comprises the following steps: 1) Drilling blast holes in a rock foundation to be excavated; 2) Putting a loose sand layer at the bottom of the blast hole; 3) Placing an energy dissipation seat on the loose sand layer; 4) And water-resistant explosive is filled into the blast holes, and detonated after the blast holes are blocked. The energy dissipation seat is formed by combining a conical part and a cylindrical part, wherein the conical part is made of a high-wave impedance material, and the cylindrical part is made of an energy absorption material. According to the method, the hollow glass bead concrete is used for reducing the shock waves in the vertical direction of the bottom of the blast hole, so that a new thought is provided for reducing the damage of bedrock at the bottom of the hole in the blasting construction of the water-containing blast hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting.
Background
Dam base surface, high steep side slope and underground chamber excavation of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering are key difficulties in the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering construction, and the quality of construction is directly related to the construction period of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and the safety of the engineering operation period. The traditional drilling and blasting technology is difficult to control the construction quality and has lower efficiency, and the energy dissipation-energy collection combined control blasting technology in recent years is a construction method with highest comprehensive construction efficiency and obviously reduced blasting cost.
However, in actual engineering, rock mass contains certain joints and cracks, so that blast holes are filled with water during construction, and the bottom of the energy dissipation-energy accumulation combined control blasting technology adopts loose sand as a buffer layer, so that the loose sand is saturated with water, is easy to liquefy under the action of blasting vibration, and is difficult to play a role of a buffer cushion layer. How to improve the energy dissipation-energy collection combined control blasting technology under rich water environment is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting is provided, so that the method is used for drilling and blasting construction in rich water environment.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting, having the characteristics of comprising the steps of:
1) Drilling blast holes in a rock matrix to be excavated;
2) Putting loose sand at the bottom of the blast hole, so that the thickness of the loose sand is smaller than the depth of accumulated water in the blast hole;
3) Placing the energy dissipation seat on the loose sand;
4) Water-resistant explosive is filled into the blast hole, and detonated after the blast hole is blocked;
the energy dissipation seat is formed by pouring concrete doped with hollow glass beads.
The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting also has the characteristic that the energy dissipation seat is spherical when the rock base is soft rock.
The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting also has the characteristic that when the rock base is middle hard rock, the energy dissipation seat is in a short column shape.
The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting also has the characteristic that the energy dissipation seat is conical when the rock base is hard rock or superhard rock.
The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting has the characteristics that when the rock base is hard rock or superhard rock, the energy dissipation seat comprises a cylindrical part and a conical part arranged on the cylindrical part, the conical part is formed by casting iron sand concrete, and the cylindrical part is formed by casting concrete doped with hollow glass beads.
The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting also has the characteristics that the cylindrical part is equal to the conical part in height, the diameter of the conical bottom surface of the conical part is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part, and the included angle between the generatrix of the conical part and the conical bottom surface is 45 degrees.
The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting also has the characteristic that the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical part to the diameter of the blast hole is 0.7-0.9.
The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting also has the characteristic that the thickness of the loose sand layer is 20-30cm.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme is:
according to the invention, due to the crushing of the energy dissipation seat, the buffering of the loose sand layer at the bottom of the hole and the repeated reflection and transmission of stress waves in the structures of the conical part and the cylindrical part energy dissipation seat, the explosion shock wave transmitted in the vertical direction of the blast hole is further reduced in the water-rich environment, so that the damage of the bedrock at the bottom of the hole is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blasthole arrangement in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single blasthole structure in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the energy dissipating base of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing propagation of shock waves in a blast hole in the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings: 1. free water surface; 2. a plugging layer; 3. explosive cartridge; 4. an energy dissipation seat; 5. a loose sand layer; 6. a rock base; 7. a vertical shock wave; 8. hollow glass beads; 9. and (5) reflecting waves.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
A hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting comprises the following steps:
1) Drilling a blast hole: referring to fig. 1, vertical blastholes are arranged on a hard rock or superhard rock substrate 6 to be excavated, the aperture of the blastholes is 100mm, the depth of the blastholes is 9m, the blocking length is 2m, and the blasthole distance is 3m;
2) And (3) measuring blast holes:
binding a strip-shaped metal block smaller than the diameter of the blast hole at one end of the handheld measuring rope, putting the handheld measuring rope into the blast hole, measuring the depth of the hole and the depth of water in the hole, ensuring that the depth of the blast hole meets the design requirement, and meanwhile, ensuring that the depth of water is larger than the thickness of a loose sand buffer layer at the bottom of the hole, and if the requirements are not met, supplementing the blast hole according to the design scheme;
3) Paving a buffer layer:
and uniformly paving a loose sand layer 5 with the thickness of 30cm at the bottom of the blast hole meeting the conditions.
4) Placing an energy dissipation seat:
as shown in fig. 3, the energy dissipation seat 4 in this embodiment includes a cylindrical portion and a conical portion mounted on the cylindrical portion and having the same height as the cylindrical portion, wherein the diameter of the conical bottom surface of the conical portion is 80mm, the height of the conical portion is 40mm, the included angle between the generatrix of the conical portion and the conical bottom surface is 45 °, and when the energy dissipation seat 4 is placed, a nylon rope is used to fasten the energy dissipation seat and slowly pull the energy dissipation seat onto the sand loosening layer 5;
5) Charging and detonating:
and (3) loading an emulsion explosive cartridge 3 with the diameter of 80mm into the blast hole, wherein the length of the cartridge is 6.5m, taking the fact that water exists in the blast hole into consideration, firstly blocking by adopting traditional stemming, then filling by using gravels with the diameter of 5-10mm, and detonating the explosive in the blast hole by using a detonator after the blocking layer 2 is completed and safety is confirmed. As shown in fig. 4, when the vertical shock wave 7 in the blast hole is transmitted to the energy dissipation seat 4 after the explosion of the explosive, the vertical shock wave 7 is influenced by the structural shape of the conical part on the energy dissipation seat 4 and the influence of a small amount of hollow glass beads 8 in the conical part, so that part of the vertical shock wave 7 is reflected, and meanwhile, the formed horizontal shock wave is favorable for damaging hard rock on the wall of the blast hole because the included angle between the generatrix of the conical part and the conical bottom surface is 45 degrees; because the diameter of the cylindrical part is equal to that of the upper conical part structure, most of the transmission wave in the upper conical part structure propagates to the lower cylindrical part, and the doping amount of the hollow glass beads is larger in the cylindrical part, and because the wave impedance is smaller, the transmission wave propagates to the position where the transmission wave meets the hollow glass beads again to generate the reflection wave 9, and almost no transmission wave reaches the bottom of the hole, so that the vertical impact wave intensity in the blast hole is reduced, and the damage of the impact wave to bedrock is reduced. In the process, due to the crushing of the energy dissipation seat 4, the buffering of the hole bottom loose sand layer 5 and the repeated reflection and transmission of stress waves in different wave impedance materials, the explosion shock wave transmitted in the vertical direction of the blast hole is further reduced in the water-rich environment, so that the damage of the hole bottom bedrock is reduced
The pouring method of the energy dissipation seat 4 in the embodiment is as follows: placing a steel mould on a bracket in an inverted mode, firstly pouring conical iron sand-hollow glass bead concrete (the mixing amount of the hollow glass beads in the iron sand-hollow glass bead concrete is 1%), pouring hollow glass bead concrete of a cylindrical part at the bottom of the steel mould when the steel mould is not initially set, sticking a preservative film after pouring and vibrating, demoulding after 24 hours, carrying out standard maintenance, and taking out after 28 days.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the embodiments and scope of the present invention, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that equivalent substitutions and obvious variations may be made using the description and illustrations of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Drilling blast holes in a rock matrix to be excavated;
2) Putting loose sand at the bottom of the blast hole, so that the thickness of the loose sand is smaller than the depth of accumulated water in the blast hole;
3) Placing an energy dissipation seat on the loose sand layer;
4) Water-resistant explosive is filled into the blast hole, and detonated after the blast hole is blocked;
the energy dissipation seat is formed by pouring concrete doped with hollow glass beads.
2. The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting according to claim 1, wherein the energy dissipation seat is spherical when the rock base is soft rock.
3. The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting according to claim 1, wherein the energy dissipation seat is in a short column shape when the rock base is a medium hard rock.
4. The hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting according to claim 1, wherein the energy dissipation seat comprises a cylindrical portion and a conical portion mounted on the cylindrical portion when the rock base is hard rock or superhard rock, the conical portion is formed by casting concrete doped with iron sand and hollow glass beads, and the cylindrical portion is formed by casting concrete doped with hollow glass beads.
5. The improved energy dissipating seat of the present invention of claim 4 wherein said cylindrical portion is of equal height to said conical portion and the diameter of the conical bottom surface of said conical portion is of equal diameter to said cylindrical portion, and the included angle between the generatrix of said conical portion and the conical bottom surface is 45 °.
6. The improved energy dissipating seat of the present embodiment of claim 5 wherein the ratio of the diameter of said cylindrical portion to the diameter of the borehole is 0.7-0.9.
7. The improved energy dissipating seat of any of the embodiments of claims 1-6 wherein said loose sand layer has a thickness of 20-30cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310131646.2A CN116007462A (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310131646.2A CN116007462A (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting |
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| CN116007462A true CN116007462A (en) | 2023-04-25 |
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| CN202310131646.2A Pending CN116007462A (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Hole bottom buffering energy dissipation method for underwater blasting |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003060290A1 (en) * | 2002-01-03 | 2003-07-24 | Nxco International Limited | Activated stemming device |
| KR20100045121A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-03 | 김호철 | Method for cushion blasting rock |
| WO2014180101A1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | 武汉大学 | Cushion blasting method combining hole bottom damage control and fast excavation |
| CN104215137A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-17 | 武汉大学 | Method for blasting and excavating dam foundation and rock foundation |
| CN106949797A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 武汉大学 | The moulding composite spherical energy-dissipating structure of impact for vertical holes explosion |
| CN109779370A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-21 | 武汉大学 | A kind of underwater antiknock composite protection structure and its construction method based on hollow glass micropearl |
| CN109870086A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-11 | 武汉大学 | Molding high wave impedance orientation, which is excavated, suitable for rock foundation slides combination damping body |
| CN110873546A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-10 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Construction base surface pioneer groove excavation method based on explosive energy regulation |
-
2023
- 2023-02-15 CN CN202310131646.2A patent/CN116007462A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003060290A1 (en) * | 2002-01-03 | 2003-07-24 | Nxco International Limited | Activated stemming device |
| KR20100045121A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-03 | 김호철 | Method for cushion blasting rock |
| WO2014180101A1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | 武汉大学 | Cushion blasting method combining hole bottom damage control and fast excavation |
| CN104215137A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-17 | 武汉大学 | Method for blasting and excavating dam foundation and rock foundation |
| CN106949797A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 武汉大学 | The moulding composite spherical energy-dissipating structure of impact for vertical holes explosion |
| CN109779370A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-21 | 武汉大学 | A kind of underwater antiknock composite protection structure and its construction method based on hollow glass micropearl |
| CN109870086A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-11 | 武汉大学 | Molding high wave impedance orientation, which is excavated, suitable for rock foundation slides combination damping body |
| CN110873546A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-10 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Construction base surface pioneer groove excavation method based on explosive energy regulation |
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