CN104697410B - Be applicable to the Long-hole Bench Blasting method of the rich water environment dam foundation and the detachable apparatus for the method - Google Patents
Be applicable to the Long-hole Bench Blasting method of the rich water environment dam foundation and the detachable apparatus for the method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Long-hole Bench Blasting method being applicable to the rich water environment dam foundation, a kind of detachable apparatus is adopted to realize, this detachable apparatus comprises pvc pipe, flexible cushion, energy dissipating seat, support bar and the blasting charge, wherein: flexible cushion is laid on pvc pipe bottom, energy dissipating seat bottom surface is placed on flexible cushion; The blasting charge is the cylinder of band through hole, and through-hole inner surface is provided with the internal thread agreed with mutually with support bar external screw thread, and through-hole aperture mates with support bar external diameter; Support bar is fixed on pvc pipe top by removably, one or more blasting charge by through hole string on support bar.The inventive method still normally can carry out explosion under rich water environment, can effectively alleviate Rock Damage bottom blast hole, improves excavation face flatness; In addition, the detachable apparatus each several part adopted is all detachable, is convenient to factory's batch production and transport.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dam foundation blasting technique field, particularly a kind of Long-hole Bench Blasting method being applicable to the rich water environment dam foundation.
Background technology
The domestic method conventional for the dam foundation excavation under rich water environment has dobie method, bore blowing-up method and chamber blasting method etc. at present; wherein bore blowing-up method is the most conventional; but it often to there will be in hole the serious infiltration blasting charge and to bubble through the water column this situation, thus causes powder charge difficulty, demolition effect not good.Meanwhile, in current most drillhole blasting construction, pay attention to not for the protection at the bottom of hole, adopt to establish order between the hole of the little bench of flexible cushion to detonate method more at the bottom of hole in recent years.But because the cushioning effect of flexible cushion material to Blasting shock wave is limited, damage at the bottom of hole is still comparatively large, and the foundation plane excavated out rises and falls difference comparatively greatly, thus causes artificial prying amount larger.Although traditional to improve the crushing effect that flexible linear-shaped charge at the bottom of the hole with spill hole for the purpose of excavation face flatness and energy dissipating seat can increase horizontal direction, device cumulative limited efficiency, still very large to the damage at the bottom of hole, be also unsuitable for factory's batch production.How keyhole explosion normally carrying out under rich water environment, improve damage at the bottom of blasting efficiency, reduction holes and more and more industrialized Modern Construction Technology can be adapted to and be still the problem needing solution at present badly.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of Long-hole Bench Blasting method being applicable to the rich water environment dam foundation, the method, while ensureing that under rich water environment, explosion is normally carried out, can also improve blasting efficiency, alleviate blast hole bed rock bulk damage, improve excavation face flatness.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One, a detachable apparatus, comprises the pvc pipe (1) of closed at both ends, flexible cushion (2), the energy dissipating seat (3) of circular cone column, threaded support bar (4) and the blasting charge (5), wherein:
Flexible cushion (2) is laid on pvc pipe (1) bottom, energy dissipating seat (3) bottom surface is placed on flexible cushion (2), energy dissipating seat (3) basal diameter mates with pvc pipe (1) internal diameter, energy dissipating seat (3) and flexible cushion (2) highly sum and pvc pipe (1) matched;
The ratio of the blasting charge (5) density and water density is 1.0 ~ 1.2, it is the cylinder of band through hole, described through-hole inner surface is provided with the internal thread agreed with mutually with support bar (4) external screw thread, and through-hole aperture mates with support bar (4) external diameter;
Support bar (4) is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by removably, one or more blasting charge (5) by through hole string on support bar (4).
A kind of detailed description of the invention that above-mentioned support bar (4) is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by removably is:
Support bar (4) head is provided with the externally threaded columnar projections of band (6), pvc pipe (1) top is provided with mate, the tapped groove with columnar projections (6), and support bar (4) is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by columnar projections (6) and pvc pipe (1) top groove.
When above-mentioned support bar (4) quantity is greater than 1, support bar (4) is connected in turn by removably, and the support bar (1) being positioned at head end is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by removably.
A kind of detailed description of the invention that described support bar (4) is connected in turn by removably is:
Support bar (4) head is provided with the externally threaded columnar projections of band (6), its afterbody is provided with tapped cylindrical recesses (7), described columnar projections (6) and cylindrical recesses (7) match, by columnar projections (6) is realized being connected in turn of support bar (4) with cylindrical recesses (7) occlusion.
As preferably, energy dissipating seat (3), the bus of its conical section and bottom surface are 45 °, and the half that conical section height is energy dissipating seat basal diameter.
Two, be applicable to the Long-hole Bench Blasting method of the rich water environment dam foundation, adopt above-mentioned detachable apparatus, comprise step:
Step 1, is drilled with blast hole, and makes bottom, blast hole hole in same elevation;
Step 2, is placed in blast hole by above-mentioned detachable apparatus, is specially:
According to being drilled with blast hole degree of depth determination support bar joint number, first segment support bar head being removably fixed on pvc pipe top, first segment support bar assembles the blasting charge, the pvc pipe assembling first segment support bar and the blasting charge is put into blast hole; Second section support bar head is removably connected with first segment support bar afterbody, at the second section support bar assembling blasting charge, repeats this process until the assembling of all support bars is complete;
During assembling detachable apparatus, according to the point initiation of designing requirement, priming device is inserted in the blasting charge of relevant position;
Step 3, the blasting charge in detachable apparatus is also ignited in blocking explosion aperture.
Under rich water environment, in detachable apparatus of the present invention, support bar can be used to that the fixing blasting charge is unlikely to be floated, and energy dissipating seat energy multiple reflections explosion wave, induced explosion shock wave energy is assembled toward horizontal direction, realizes the abundant fragmentation of rock mass between adjacent holes; Meanwhile, the fragmentation of energy dissipating seat and the compacting of flexible cushion can consume explosion energy thus alleviate the damage of explosion to rock mass bottom big gun hole.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, under rich water environment, still normally can carry out explosion, can effectively alleviate Rock Damage bottom blast hole, improve excavation face flatness.
2, by regulating blasting charge diameter, adjacent blasting charge spacing, support bar length, the complex situations such as be adapted to different depth and diameter, whether powder charge is interrupted, whether be coupled, and then all good Expected Results can be reached under different blasting environment.
3, the detachable apparatus each several part adopted is all detachable, is convenient to factory's batch production and transport.
4, the present invention is specially adapted to dam foundation Long-hole Bench Blasting under rich water condition; can under the condition of not reserved Protective layer of dam foundation; the dam foundation that employing medium-length hole or Deep hole bench balsting excavating load directly carry out under rich water environment once excavates shaping; and by the explosion Damage Coutrol of the dam foundation in allowed band, deep hole blasting, presplit blasting, photoface exploision etc. can be applicable to.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method particular flow sheet;
Fig. 2 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of detachable apparatus;
Fig. 3 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of support bar;
Fig. 4 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of the blasting charge.
In figure, 1-PVC manages; 2-flexible cushion; 3-energy dissipating seat; 4-support bar; The 5-blasting charge; 6-column is protruded; 7-cylindrical recesses.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the invention is elaborated.
Fig. 2 is shown in by a kind of concrete structure schematic diagram of detachable apparatus, comprise the pvc pipe (1) of closed at both ends, flexible cushion (2), the energy dissipating seat (3) of circular cone column, threaded support bar (4) and the blasting charge (5), flexible cushion (2) and energy dissipating seat (3) are placed in the pvc pipe (1) of closed at both ends, flexible cushion (2) is laid on pvc pipe (1) bottom, energy dissipating seat (3) bottom surface is placed on flexible cushion (2), energy dissipating seat (3) basal diameter mates with pvc pipe (1) internal diameter, so that energy dissipating seat (3) can just in time be inserted in pvc pipe (1), energy dissipating seat (3) is highly equal with pvc pipe (1) with flexible cushion (2) height sum.Pvc pipe (1), flexible cushion (2) and energy dissipating seat (3) form overall, are convenient to transport, place and batch production.
Energy dissipating seat (3) is in circular cone column, and adopt cast iron preparation, have high density high wave impedance characteristic, can reflect explosion wave, induced explosion shock wave energy is assembled toward horizontal direction, realizes the abundant fragmentation of rock mass between adjacent holes; Meanwhile, in blast process, the fragmentation of energy dissipating seat (3) and the compacting of flexible cushion (2) can consume explosion energy, thus alleviate the damage of explosion to rock mass bottom blast hole.
Support bar (4) is plastic material, see Fig. 3, band external screw thread, its head is provided with the externally threaded column of band and protrudes (6), its afterbody is provided with tapped cylindrical recesses (7), column protrudes (6) and cylindrical recesses (7) matches, for being connected between adjacent supports bar (4).Support bar (4) shaft screw thread, through polishing, is convenient to assembled in situ.According to on-the-spot blast hole hole depth, different joint number support bar (4) can be selected to carry out splicing occlusion.
See Fig. 4, the blasting charge (5) is the cylinder of band through hole, through-hole inner surface is provided with the internal thread agreed with mutually with support bar (4) external screw thread, and through-hole aperture mates with support bar (4) external diameter, therefore, the blasting charge (5) can be fixed on support bar (5) any position, make this detachable apparatus be equally applicable to be interrupted powder charge.The blasting charge (5) external diameter is formulated according to specific requirement, to meet coupling charging and Uncoincided charge.The blasting charge (5) is emulsion, and the ratio of its density and water density is 1.0 ~ 1.2, is convenient to realize this device and freely slowly falls under water.During assembled in situ, the blasting charge (5) quantity requires to formulate according to explosive consumption.
In addition, pvc pipe (1) top is also reserved with the groove mated with columnar projections (6), and this groove is provided with internal thread, for assembling support bar (4).
During concrete enforcement, the preferred size of each structure of detachable apparatus designs in the following manner:
(1) pvc pipe
Pvc pipe external diameter Φ
outside PVC=Φ
blast hole-a, wherein, Φ
blast holefor blast hole aperture, a=(15 ~ 20) mm.That is, pvc pipe external diameter 15 ~ 20mm less of blast hole aperture, is convenient to detachable apparatus like this and puts into smoothly bottom blast hole, be unlikely to again to be stuck in the middle part of blast hole.
Pvc pipe thickness δ
pVC=2 ~ 4mm, this thickness can ensure that pvc pipe has enough strength support top blastings charge.
Pvc pipe internal diameter Φ
in PVC=Φ
blast hole-2 δ
pVC-a, pvc pipe height H
pVCget appropriate value according to actual needs.
(2) energy dissipating seat
Energy dissipating seat diameter of phi
energy dissipating seat=Φ
in PVC-b, wherein, b=2 ~ 4mm, reserved 2 ~ 4mm is convenient to energy dissipating seat just in time to put into pvc pipe.Energy dissipating seat height H
energy dissipating seat=H
pVC-δ
pad, wherein δ
padfor flexible cushion thickness, value within the scope of 20 ~ 30cm.The bus of energy dissipating seat conical section and bottom surface are 45 °, conical section height H
cone=Φ
energy dissipating seat/ 2, cylindrical section height H
post=H
energy dissipating seat-H
cone.
(3) support bar
Support bar length h
the blasting charge<H
bar≤ 1m, h
the blasting chargefor blasting charge height.Be convenient to assembling and factory's batch production of the blasting charge, generally by support bar length H
barbe set to 1m; Window needs to select support bar joint number deeply.Support bar diameter of phi
bar=10 ~ 20mm, can ensure that plastic bar has some strength but unlikely too thick, unlikely fracture in the blasting charge slight wobble process of top like this.Support bar head protrudes diameter of phi
protruding=Φ
bar-c, c=1 ~ 2mm; Support bar retaining groove interior diameter Φ
groove=Φ
protruding, for the occlusion between adjacent supports bar.
(4) blasting charge
Blasting charge through hole internal diameter Φ
in fried=Φ
bar, be fixed on support bar optional position by threaded engagement.Blasting charge external diameter Φ
outside frieddesign is required according to difference.
The Long-hole Bench Blasting method that the present invention is applicable to the rich water environment dam foundation need adopt above-mentioned detachable apparatus, and key step comprises: formulate detachable apparatus each physical dimension, diamond blast hole elevation, assembling and security protection detachable apparatus at the bottom of hole, controlled blasting hole, block and detonate.
Step 1: formulate each physical dimension of detachable apparatus.
Known big gun blast hole aperture Φ
blast holecondition under, select the detachable apparatus of suitable dimension according to described principle above.
Step 2: be drilled with blast hole, and elevation at the bottom of controlled blasting hole.
First labor cleaning is carried out to big gun bore region, and blow face with high-pressure air hose.Carry out hole-specifically setting-out to big gun hole, some position red paint does obvious mark.In quick-fried district, carry out blast hole cloth hole in strict accordance with explosion design, and the measurement of the level is carried out, according to the pore depth of actual openings grid DEM actual needs to the aperture elevation of each blast hole.
Bore operation is carried out after qualified to the accuracy checking of cloth hole, after pore-creating terminates, the actual grade of measurement boring, calculates the fluffing of moulding sand according to drilling depth and inclination angle or filling out of tiny rubble puts thickness, bottom blast hole, fill out the tiny rubble grain of suitable thickness, make to be in same elevation bottom all blast holes.
Step 3: assemble and lay detachable apparatus.
According to being drilled with blast hole degree of depth determination support bar joint number, first segment support bar (4) head is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top, first segment support bar (4) assembles the blasting charge (5), the pvc pipe (1) assembling first segment support bar (4) and the blasting charge (5) is put into blast hole; Again second section support bar (4) head is removably connected with first segment support bar (4) afterbody, and at second section support bar (4) the assembling blasting charge (5), repeat this process until the assembling of all support bars is complete.Detachable apparatus after assembling slowly falls to putting at the bottom of blast hole by under the uplift pressure effect of water in blast hole.During assembling detachable apparatus, according to the point initiation of designing requirement, priming device is inserted in the blasting charge of relevant position.
Step 4: block and detonate
With broken sandstone blocking explosion aperture; After confirmation initiation net safety, by the blasting charge in cap sensitive blast hole.
The specific embodiment of the invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
Certain Base of Dam of Reservoir protective layer excavation, adopts photoface exploision, blast hole aperture Φ
big gun hole=90mm, hole depth 8m, pitch of holes 1 ~ 1.5m, stemming length 2.5m.
Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, selects the detachable apparatus of suitable dimension.
In the present embodiment, the size of each structure of detachable apparatus is as follows:
Pvc pipe external diameter Φ
outside PVC=75mm, pvc pipe thickness δ
pVC=2.5mm, pvc pipe internal diameter Φ
in PVC=70mm, pvc pipe height H
pVC=30cm.Energy dissipating seat diameter of phi
energy dissipating seat=68mm, energy dissipating seat height H
energy dissipating seat=10cm, energy dissipating seat conical section bus and bottom surface are 45 °, conical section height H
cone=34mm, cylindrical end height H
post=66mm; Flexible cushion thickness δ
pad=20cm.Support bar length H
bar=1m, support bar diameter of phi
bar=15mm, the cylindric male protrusion diameter of phi of support bar head
protruding=13mm, support bar afterbody cylindrical grooves diameter of phi
groove=Φ
protruding, depth of groove and projection length are 25mm.Blasting charge through hole internal diameter Φ
in fried=15mm, external diameter Φ
outside fried=50mm, height h
explosive=0.6m.
Step 2, is drilled with blast hole, elevation at the bottom of controlled blasting hole.
First labor cleaning is carried out to blast hole region, and blow face with high-pressure air hose.Carry out hole-specifically setting-out to blast hole, some position red paint does obvious mark.In quick-fried district, carry out blast hole cloth hole in strict accordance with explosion design, and the measurement of the level is carried out, according to the pore depth of actual openings grid DEM actual needs to the aperture elevation of each blast hole.
Bore operation is carried out after qualified to the accuracy checking of cloth hole, after pore-creating terminates, the actual grade of measurement boring, calculates the fluffing of moulding sand according to drilling depth and inclination angle or filling out of tiny rubble puts thickness, bottom blast hole, fill out the tiny rubble grain of suitable thickness, make to be in same elevation bottom all blast holes.
Step 3, assembles and lays detachable apparatus.
Determine the support bar joint number used according to the blast hole degree of depth, first segment support bar is agreed with to pvc pipe top groove, assembles the blasting charge successively, the part assembled is put into blast hole; Access second section support bar again, and assemble the blasting charge, repeat this process, until all support bars and the blasting charge assemble complete.After assembling, slowly drop at the bottom of blast hole under the uplift pressure effect of detachable apparatus water in blast hole.Priming device inserts in the blasting charge of relevant position according to the point initiation of designing requirement.
Step 4, blocks and detonates.
After powder charge completes, with broken sandstone blocking explosion aperture, plug depth 2.5m.After confirming initiation net safety, by the blasting charge in cap sensitive big gun hole.
Claims (6)
1. a detachable apparatus, is characterized in that:
Comprise the pvc pipe (1) of closed at both ends, flexible cushion (2), the energy dissipating seat (3) of circular cone column, threaded support bar (4) and the blasting charge (5), wherein:
Flexible cushion (2) is laid on pvc pipe (1) bottom, energy dissipating seat (3) bottom surface is placed on flexible cushion (2), energy dissipating seat (3) basal diameter mates with pvc pipe (1) internal diameter, energy dissipating seat (3) and flexible cushion (2) highly sum and pvc pipe (1) matched;
The ratio of the blasting charge (5) density and water density is 1.0 ~ 1.2, and it is the cylinder of band through hole, and described through-hole inner surface is provided with the internal thread agreed with mutually with support bar (4) external screw thread, and through-hole aperture mates with support bar (4) external diameter;
Support bar (4) is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by removably, one or more blasting charge (5) by through hole string on support bar (4).
2. detachable apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described support bar (4) is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by removably, is specially:
Support bar (4) head is provided with the externally threaded columnar projections of band (6), pvc pipe (1) top is provided with mate, the tapped groove with columnar projections (6), and support bar (4) is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by columnar projections (6) and pvc pipe (1) top groove.
3. detachable apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described support bar (4) quantity is greater than 1, and support bar (4) is connected in turn by removably, and the support bar (4) being positioned at head end is fixed on pvc pipe (1) top by removably.
4. detachable apparatus as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that:
Described support bar (4) is connected in turn by removably, is specially:
Support bar (4) head is provided with the externally threaded columnar projections of band (6), its afterbody is provided with tapped cylindrical recesses (7), described columnar projections (6) and cylindrical recesses (7) match, by columnar projections (6) is realized being connected in turn of support bar (4) with cylindrical recesses (7) occlusion.
5. detachable apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described energy dissipating seat (3), the bus of its conical section and bottom surface are 45 °, and conical section height is the half of energy dissipating seat basal diameter.
6. be applicable to the Long-hole Bench Blasting method of the rich water environment dam foundation, it is characterized in that, comprise step:
Step 1, is drilled with blast hole, and makes blast hole bottom in same elevation;
Step 2, is placed in blast hole by detachable apparatus according to claim 1, is specially:
According to being drilled with blast hole degree of depth determination support bar joint number, first segment support bar head being removably fixed on pvc pipe top, first segment support bar assembles the blasting charge, the pvc pipe assembling first segment support bar and the blasting charge is put into blast hole; Second section support bar head is removably connected with first segment support bar afterbody, at the second section support bar assembling blasting charge, repeats this process until the assembling of all support bars is complete;
During assembling detachable apparatus, according to the point initiation of designing requirement, priming device is inserted in the blasting charge of relevant position;
Step 3, the blasting charge in detachable apparatus is also ignited in blocking explosion aperture.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510110243.5A CN104697410B (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2015-03-13 | Be applicable to the Long-hole Bench Blasting method of the rich water environment dam foundation and the detachable apparatus for the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510110243.5A CN104697410B (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2015-03-13 | Be applicable to the Long-hole Bench Blasting method of the rich water environment dam foundation and the detachable apparatus for the method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104697410A CN104697410A (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| CN104697410B true CN104697410B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105135959A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 武汉大学 | Hole bottom air interval gathering-energy dissipating device and installing and using method thereof |
| CN110130674B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-07-02 | 绍兴文理学院 | Super-large pre-buried crushing hole device for static crushing and using method thereof |
| CN110296640A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-10-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of rich water deep hole blasting isolation means for loading and its application method |
| CN110823033B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-11-09 | 武汉大学 | Blasting excavation method based on centralized control of energy side above blast hole bottom |
| CN111102893B (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-12-01 | 武汉大学 | Conical energy regulating and controlling device and curved surface foundation vertical hole blasting excavation method based on same |
| CN113357984B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-09-30 | 北京工业大学 | Push-type explosive-filling spacer and using method thereof |
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| CN101140154A (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2008-03-12 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Shock-absorbing blasting method used for bedding rock cutting excavation |
| CN102808621B (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2014-11-12 | 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 | Method for blasting heavy-inclined thick ore bodies |
| CN103968721B (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-07-15 | 武汉大学 | Hole bottom energy gathering and dissipating device suitable for inclined blast hole and capable of improving blasting excavation flatness of foundation surface |
| CN104215137A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-17 | 武汉大学 | Method for blasting and excavating dam foundation and rock foundation |
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