CN110823033B - Blasting excavation method based on centralized control of energy side above blast hole bottom - Google Patents
Blasting excavation method based on centralized control of energy side above blast hole bottom Download PDFInfo
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- CN110823033B CN110823033B CN201911156173.1A CN201911156173A CN110823033B CN 110823033 B CN110823033 B CN 110823033B CN 201911156173 A CN201911156173 A CN 201911156173A CN 110823033 B CN110823033 B CN 110823033B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses aThe blasting excavation method based on centralized regulation and control of the energy side upper part of the bottom of the blast hole comprises the following steps of sequentially arranging a buffer layer, an energy regulation and control structure, a charging section, a detonating detonator and a blocking section from bottom to top at the bottom of the blast hole, and leading out a detonating cord of the detonating detonator from the blocking section; the energy regulating structure comprises two energy regulating structures, namely 1) a concave hemisphere energy regulating structure, wherein the bottom profile is hemispherical, the upper surface profile is a circular ring, the middle part of the hemisphere is concave, and the concave depth a is smaller than the inner profile radius b of the circular ring on the upper surface; 2) the concave cone ball combined energy regulation structure comprises a concave frustum at the upper part, a hemisphere at the lower part, a flat top at the top of the frustum and a frustum bus
A segment of a circular arc; the two energy regulation structures can automatically and vertically sit at the bottom of the hole when falling. The method eliminates the condition that part of the explosion shock waves are reflected and gathered downwards, effectively reduces the damage of the hole bottom, can prevent the hole from being blocked and is convenient for construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of blasting construction, in particular to a blasting excavation method based on centralized control of energy on the upper side of the bottom of a blast hole.
Background
In large-scale engineering construction of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, mine engineering, petrochemical bases and the like, the whole excavation molding of a large-scale rock foundation is usually faced, and the construction efficiency, safety and stability in the processes of hydropower station excavation construction, mine production and infrastructure construction are directly influenced by the quality of the blasting effect of the building base surface. When the traditional method adopts protective layer layered excavation, horizontal smooth blasting or presplitting blasting technology for construction, the construction steps are complicated, the progress is slow, the interference among all working procedures is large, and the requirements of the construction progress and the quality of the engineering are difficult to adapt.
At present, the vertical hole bench blasting method is widely applied in consideration of high excavation efficiency of the vertical hole bench blasting scheme. The patent CN201310170450.0 discloses a blasting excavation method for arranging a conical energy dissipating and collecting structure at the bottom of a blast hole, the patent CN201410225182.2 discloses a conical energy dissipating and collecting device suitable for inclined blast holes, the patent CN201510110243.5 discloses a deep-hole bench blasting method suitable for a water-rich environment and comprising a conical energy dissipating and collecting device, the patent CN201710189621.2 discloses an impact plastic composite spherical energy dissipation structure for vertical hole blasting, and the patent CN201910226829.6 discloses a high-wave impedance directional sliding combined energy dissipation body suitable for rock foundation excavation forming.
According to the scheme, the conical and spherical high-wave-impedance cushion blocks are arranged at the bottom of the blast hole and used for reflecting the explosion shock waves, controlling the damage depth and degree of rocks at the bottom of the hole and achieving the purpose of breaking the rocks by horizontally gathering energy through reflection. When the upper profile of the spherical energy dissipation cushion block reflects the explosion shock waves, the energy of the reflected shock waves is not completely transmitted to the horizontal direction or the upper direction; when the incidence angle of the explosion shock wave at the spherical contour is larger than 45 degrees, part of the explosion energy is transmitted to the lower side at a declination angle, and the adverse effect is caused on the basement rock base; the conical energy dissipation cushion block mainly takes horizontal direction reflection as a main part to intensify horizontal rock crushing; meanwhile, the problem that the bottom of the conical cushion block is inclined easily exists in the arrangement process of the conical cushion block, manual guiding is needed, and certain influence is caused on the construction efficiency.
In view of the above problems, there is an urgent need for a blasting excavation method that can further reduce damage to the bottom of a hole and further improve the efficiency of site construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blasting excavation method based on centralized regulation and control of the energy side upper part of the bottom of a blast hole, which eliminates the condition that part of blasting shock waves are reflected and gathered downwards, effectively reduces the damage of the hole bottom, can prevent hole blocking and is convenient for construction.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a blasting excavation method based on centralized regulation and control of the energy side upper side of the bottom of a blast hole is characterized in that a buffer layer, an energy regulation and control structure, a charging section, a blasting cap and a blocking section are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the blast hole from bottom to top, and a blasting cord of the blasting cap is led out from the blocking section; wherein, there are two energy regulation structures1) The concave hemisphere energy regulating structure is characterized in that the bottom contour is hemispherical, the upper surface contour is a circular ring, the middle part of the hemisphere is concave, and the concave depth a is smaller than the inner contour radius b of the circular ring on the upper surface; 2) the concave cone ball combined energy regulation structure comprises a concave frustum at the upper part, a hemisphere at the lower part, a flat top at the top of the frustum and a frustum bus
A segment of a circular arc; the two energy regulation structures can automatically and vertically sit at the bottom of the hole when falling.
Furthermore, for the concave hemisphere energy regulation structure, the radius of the hemisphere is r1The inner contour radius b of the upper surface ring is
r1The depth of recess a is
r1And a is a<b。
Further, for the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure, the radius of the hemisphere is set as r2The radius of the frustum generatrix is r3The diameter of the top plane of the frustum is
r2Height of frustum
r3An acute angle alpha between a frustum generatrix and the vertical direction meets the condition that alpha is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
furthermore, the concave hemisphere energy regulation structure and the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure are both made of high-wave impedance materials which are not damaged during blasting.
Further, for the concave hemisphere energy regulation structure and the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure, the outline of the bottom of the structure is hemispheres, and the gravity center of the structure is lower than the center of the sphere.
Further, the priming detonator is positioned at the middle upper part of the charging section.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is based on the vertical hole blasting excavation of centralized regulation and control over the energy side above the bottom of the blast hole, the effect is more obvious in the process of reflecting the blast shock wave, the condition that part of the blast shock wave is reflected and gathered downwards is eliminated, and the damage to the bottom of the hole is effectively reduced: the concave hemispherical energy regulation and control structure reflects the reflected explosion shock waves to the upper part; the concave cone ball combined energy regulation and control structure gathers the reflected explosion shock waves to the upper side. Meanwhile, the energy regulation and control structure is automatically and vertically located at the bottom of the hole when falling, so that the hole can be prevented from being blocked, and construction is facilitated. The method can be widely applied to large-scale rock foundation blasting excavation engineering in the fields of mines, water conservancy and hydropower, traffic and the like under the open-air condition, is particularly suitable for excavation forming with high requirement on the quality of reserved rock mass, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the charging structure of the present invention, wherein (a) a concave hemisphere energy regulation structure is adopted, and (b) a concave cone sphere combined energy regulation structure is adopted.
Fig. 2 is a concave hemisphere energy control structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the shock wave reflection of the concave hemisphere energy control structure in the embodiment of the present invention, where I1Is an incident wave 1, I2Is an incident wave 2, I3Is incident wave 3, R1Is I1Reflected wave of (2), R2Is I2Reflected wave of (2), R3Is I3Reflected wave of (2), R1′Is R1Reflected wave of (2), R1″Is R1′Reflected wave of (2), R1″′Is R1″The reflected wave of (2); transmitted waves are weakened through the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure with the high wave impedance property and the buffer layer at the bottom, and are not shown in the attached drawings.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of shock wave reflection of the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure in the embodiment of the invention, wherein I1Is an incident wave 1, I2Is an incident wave 2, I3Is incident wave 3, R1Is I1Reflected wave of (2), R2Is I2Reflected wave of (2), R3Is I3The reflected wave of (2); transmitted waves are weakened through the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure with the high wave impedance property and the buffer layer at the bottom, and are not shown in the attached drawings.
Fig. 6 is a schematic size diagram of the concave conical sphere combined energy regulation structure in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a plugging section; 2-detonating cord; 3-detonating the detonator; 4-charging section; 5-a buffer layer; 6-concave hemisphere energy regulation structure; 7-concave cone ball combination energy regulation structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, in a blasting excavation method based on centralized regulation and control of the energy side upper part of the bottom of a blast hole, a buffer layer 5 (generally adopting loose sand), an energy regulation and control structure, a charging section 4, a detonating primer 3 and a blocking section 1 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the blast hole from bottom to top, and a detonating cord 2 of the detonating primer 3 is led out from the blocking section 1; wherein, there are two kinds of energy regulation structure-1) as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 4, the concave hemisphere energy regulation structure 6, the bottom outline is hemisphere, the upper surface outline is a circular ring, the middle part of the hemisphere is concave, the concave depth a is smaller than the inner outline radius b of the circular ring of the upper surface; 2) as shown in fig. 1, 3, 5 and 6, the concave cone-sphere combination energy regulation structure 7 has a concave frustum at the upper part and a hemisphere at the lower part, the top tip of the frustum is flat and the generatrix of the frustum is
Segment circular arc (central angle 45 degree); the two energy regulation structures can automatically and vertically sit at the bottom of the hole when falling.
The method is based on the vertical hole blasting excavation of centralized regulation and control over the energy side above the bottom of the blast hole, the effect is more obvious in the process of reflecting the blast shock wave, the condition that part of the blast shock wave is reflected and gathered downwards is eliminated, and the damage to the bottom of the hole is effectively reduced: the concave hemispherical energy regulation and control structure 6 reflects the reflected explosion shock waves to the upper part; the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure 7 gathers the reflected explosion shock waves to the upper side. Meanwhile, the energy regulation and control structure is automatically and vertically located at the bottom of the hole when falling, so that the hole can be prevented from being blocked, and construction is facilitated. The method can be widely applied to large-scale rock foundation blasting excavation engineering in the fields of mines, water conservancy and hydropower, traffic and the like under the open-air condition, is particularly suitable for excavation forming with high requirement on the quality of reserved rock mass, and has wide application prospect.
In this embodiment, as shown in figure 1, the primer detonator 3 is located in the upper middle portion of the charge segment 4. And a middle-upper part detonating mode is adopted, so that the horizontal rock crushing at the bottom is enhanced under the condition of ensuring the constant dosage, and the reinforced charging at the bottom is avoided.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, in the present embodiment, for the concave hemispherical energy regulation structure 6 and the concave conical sphere combined energy regulation structure 7, the outer contours of the bottom of the structure are all hemispheres, the center of gravity of the structure is lower than the center of the sphere, and the structure has a tumbler-type automatic balance characteristic.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, for the concave hemisphere energy control structure 6, the radius of the hemisphere is set as r1The inner contour radius b of the upper surface ring is
r1The depth of recess a is
r1And a is a<b。
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, in the present embodiment, for the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure 7, the radius of the hemisphere is set as r2The radius of the frustum generatrix is r3The diameter of the top plane of the frustum is
r2Height of frustum
r3An acute angle alpha between a frustum generatrix and the vertical direction meets the condition that alpha is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
in this embodiment, the concave hemispherical energy control structure 6 and the concave conical sphere combined energy control structure 7 are both made of high-wave impedance materials that are not damaged during blasting.
Blasting excavation of a dam foundation of certain hydroelectric engineering is taken as an application example, and the concrete steps are as follows.
The blasting excavation forming has high requirement on the quality of the rock mass reserved on the foundation surface, and blasting damage needs to be strictly controlled. The vertical hole blasting excavation method based on centralized regulation and control of the energy side upper part of the bottom of a blast hole is characterized in that the blasting excavation depth is 6m, and an inward concave type conical ball combined energy regulation and control structure 7 is selected for loading. Wherein: the diameter of each blast hole is 90mm, the diameter of each cartridge is 32mm, the over-drilling depth of each blast hole is 20-30 cm, and the row spacing between the blast holes is 1.5-2.0 m; the size of the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure 7 is as follows: radius r of sphere2Is 35mm, the diameter of the top plane of the frustum is 5mm, the height of the frustum is about 13.4mm, and the generatrix of the frustum is
Segment circular arc with radius of 45.9 mm. The elevation of the center of the sphere of the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulating structure 7 is consistent with that of the building base plane, and the bottom of the energy regulating structure is provided with a 10-20 cm buffer layer 5.
The concrete construction steps are as follows:
(1) drilling a blast hole, and strictly controlling the depth of the blast hole;
(2) the on-site drilling dust and the broken stones are used as the buffer layer 5, the thickness of the buffer layer 5 is accurately set, and the reserved height required by the concave cone ball combined energy regulation structure 7 is reserved;
(3) the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulating structure 7 is placed into each blast hole, and automatically and vertically located at the bottom of the hole when falling by utilizing the tumbler type automatic balance characteristic of the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulating structure;
(4) according to the blasting design scheme, the powder is charged and networked in a middle-upper part detonating mode, and then the blasting is performed after the blocking section 1 is filled.
In the blasting process, as shown in fig. 5, part of the blasting impact energy is transmitted into the concave conical ball combined energy regulating structure 7 from the surface of the concave conical ball combined energy regulating structure 7, and then is transmitted to the buffer layer 5 to be gradually weakened; and the reflection impact energy on the surface of the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure 7 is guided to the horizontal direction and the upper side of the blast hole, so that the damage of the rock mass at the bottom of the hole is effectively controlled, and the excavation forming quality is ensured.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A blasting excavation method based on centralized regulation and control of energy side upper part at the bottom of a blast hole is characterized in that: the bottom of the blast hole is sequentially provided with a buffer layer, an energy regulating structure, a charging section, a detonating primer and a blocking section from bottom to top, and a detonating cord of the detonating primer is led out from the blocking section; the energy regulating structure comprises two energy regulating structures, namely 1) a concave hemisphere energy regulating structure, wherein the bottom profile is hemispherical, the upper surface profile is a circular ring, the middle part of the hemisphere is concave, and the concave depth a is smaller than the inner profile radius b of the circular ring on the upper surface; 2) the concave cone ball combined energy regulation structure comprises a concave frustum at the upper part, a hemisphere at the lower part, a flat top at the top of the frustum and a frustum bus
A segment of a circular arc; the two energy regulation and control structures can automatically and vertically sit at the bottom of the hole when falling;
for the concave hemisphere energy regulation structure, the radius of the hemisphere is r1The inner contour radius b of the upper surface ring is
The depth a of the recess is
And a is<b；
For the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure, the radius of the hemisphere is r2The radius of the frustum generatrix is r3The diameter of the top plane of the frustum is
Height of frustum
An acute angle alpha between a frustum bus and the vertical direction meets the condition that alpha is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
2. the blast excavation method based on the centralized control of the energy side upper part at the bottom of the blast hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concave hemispherical energy regulation structure and the concave conical ball combined energy regulation structure are both made of high-wave impedance materials which are not damaged during blasting.
3. The blast excavation method based on the centralized control of the energy side upper part at the bottom of the blast hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein: for the concave hemisphere energy regulation structure and the concave cone-sphere combined energy regulation structure, the outline of the bottom of the structure is hemispheric, and the gravity center of the structure is lower than the center of the sphere.
4. The blast excavation method based on the centralized control of the energy side upper part at the bottom of the blast hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the priming detonator is positioned at the middle upper part of the charging section.
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| CN113776401B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-07-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Protection device, charging structure and charging method |
| CN114636358B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-04-11 | 中南大学 | Blasting system and blasting method for accurately controlling goaf boundary |
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| CN104697410A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-10 | 中国水利水电第四工程局有限公司 | Deep hole step blasting method suitable for water-rich environment dam foundation |
| CN205079684U (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-09 | 中国水利水电第十六工程局有限公司 | Be used for building smooth explosive post of base face blasting excavation |
| CN109870086A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-11 | 武汉大学 | Molding high wave impedance orientation, which is excavated, suitable for rock foundation slides combination damping body |
| CN110174031A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-27 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of device overcoming methods of blasting toes in open |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CA2513633A1 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-08-05 | Projectile Limited | Blast attenuating, blast-directing and extinguishing apparatus |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104697410A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-10 | 中国水利水电第四工程局有限公司 | Deep hole step blasting method suitable for water-rich environment dam foundation |
| CN205079684U (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-09 | 中国水利水电第十六工程局有限公司 | Be used for building smooth explosive post of base face blasting excavation |
| CN109870086A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-11 | 武汉大学 | Molding high wave impedance orientation, which is excavated, suitable for rock foundation slides combination damping body |
| CN110174031A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-27 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of device overcoming methods of blasting toes in open |
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