CN114353611A - Blast hole bottom energy dissipation device - Google Patents
Blast hole bottom energy dissipation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114353611A CN114353611A CN202111515496.2A CN202111515496A CN114353611A CN 114353611 A CN114353611 A CN 114353611A CN 202111515496 A CN202111515496 A CN 202111515496A CN 114353611 A CN114353611 A CN 114353611A
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- lens
- energy
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- explosive
- blast hole
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- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a blast hole bottom energy dissipation device, which comprises: a lens disposed in the blast hole and adjacent to the explosive; the lens base is connected with one side of the lens, which is far away from the explosive, and an energy dissipation structure is also arranged inside the lens base and is positioned at the focus of the lens; the buffer layer, it is filled at the bottom of the big gun hole just the lens base sets up on the buffer layer, the buffer layer is used for alleviating the impact that the explosive brought lens and lens base. The invention can reduce the energy transmitted to the bottom of the hole to the utmost extent, and meanwhile, the energy can not be transmitted to other directions, and the damage near the bottom of the hole can be controlled to the utmost extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock blasting excavation, and particularly relates to a blast hole bottom energy dissipation device based on a stress wave lens.
Background
In engineering construction, a large number of rock foundations are usually excavated, the rock foundation faces are used as permanent bearing faces of engineering buildings, and the excavation forming quality of the rock foundations directly influences the stability and safety of upper buildings. As a fast and efficient rock excavation method, blasting and rock breaking are completed, negative effects such as blasting vibration and blasting damage are generated, and the forming quality of a rock foundation surface is damaged to a certain extent, so that excavation forming and quality control of the rock foundation surface are always key problems in drilling and blasting. In order to reduce the damage of the explosion load to the reserved rock mass to the maximum extent, the national standard generally recommends an excavation method for reserving a protective layer in the excavation forming process of the rock foundation surface. In the long-term excavation practice, a series of protective layer excavation methods are continuously appeared and developed, and the following protective layer excavation methods are mainly used: the method comprises the steps of a layered blasting excavation method, a horizontal light blasting excavation method, a horizontal presplitting excavation method and a hole bottom flexible cushion layer one-time blasting method, wherein the methods have own advantages and disadvantages when the protective layer is excavated, the excavation forming effect of the layered excavation method is good but the construction efficiency is low, the excavation forming quality of the horizontal light blasting excavation method and the horizontal presplitting excavation method is high but a horizontal hole needs to be drilled, the construction speed is slow, and the hole bottom flexible cushion layer one-time blasting method does not need to drill the horizontal hole, so the construction efficiency is high, but the excavation forming and damage control effects are poor.
In order to solve the problems, Chinese patent CN201310170450.0 discloses a blasting excavation method for applying a conical poly-energy dissipation structure at the bottom of a blast hole, Chinese patent CN201710189621.2 discloses an impact plastic composite spherical energy dissipation structure for vertical hole blasting, Chinese patent CN201910226828.6 discloses a high-wave-impedance directional sliding combined energy dissipation body suitable for rock foundation excavation forming, conical and spherical high-wave-impedance cushion blocks are respectively arranged at the bottom of the hole in the first two schemes, for reflecting the energy of the blast shock wave, a third solution, which is an improvement over the previous two, both of which can reduce to some extent the transmission of the blast energy to the bottom of the hole, and further reduce the damage depth of the hole bottom rock mass, but under the condition that the blast hole has a certain inclination angle or other needs to regulate and control the energy perpendicular to the direction of the blast hole, the stress wave reflected by the prior art becomes a defect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy dissipation structure for the bottom of a blast hole aiming at the defects of the prior art, the device can reduce the energy transmitted to the bottom of the hole to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the energy can not be transmitted to other directions, and the damage of a rock mass near the bottom of the hole can be controlled to the maximum extent.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a blast hole bottom energy dissipater, comprising:
a lens disposed in the blast hole and adjacent to the explosive;
the lens base is connected with one side of the lens, which is far away from the explosive, and an energy dissipation structure is also arranged inside the lens base and is positioned at the focus of the lens;
the buffer layer, it is filled at the bottom of the big gun hole just the lens base sets up on the buffer layer, the buffer layer is used for alleviating the impact that the explosive brought lens and lens base.
Further, the lens is a concave lens, and the wave velocity V of the lens materialaGreater than the wave velocity V of the lens mount materialbAnd detonation velocity Vc。
Further, a cylindrical cavity is arranged in the lens base, and the energy dissipation structure is filled in the cylindrical cavity.
Further, the cylindrical cavity height is 1/6-1/2 of the lens base height, and the cylindrical cavity cross-sectional radius is no greater than 1/3 of the lens base radius.
Further, the distance between the center of gravity of the cylindrical cavity and the center of gravity of the lens is set as:
wherein, VaAs lens materialWave velocity of (V)bIs the wave velocity, V, of the lens mount materialcIs the detonation velocity and D is the minimum thickness of the concave lens; r is the radius of curvature of the concave lens.
Further, the energy dissipation structure is made of an energy absorbing material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: after the explosive in the blast hole is detonated, the energy dissipater converges stress waves transmitted to the bottom of the hole at the focus of the lens and is absorbed by the energy absorption device at the focus, so that the energy transmitted to the bottom of the hole is reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the energy is not transmitted to other directions, so that the damage of the explosive to rock masses near the bottom of the hole is controlled to the maximum extent, and the effect of well protecting the rock masses at the bottom of the hole is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blast hole bottom energy dissipater according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stress wave lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy dissipater at the bottom of the blast hole according to the embodiment of the invention during operation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a blast hole bottom energy dissipater, which comprises a lens 1, a lens base 2 and a buffer layer 3. A lens 1 is arranged at the bottom of the explosive charge 4, wherein the lens 1 is a concave lens. The lens 1 is mounted on a lens mount 2, and the lens mount 2 is formed in a half spindle shape for easy mounting. A cylindrical cavity is also arranged in the lens base 2, and the height of the cylindrical cavity is 1/6-1/2 of the height of the lens base 2. To ensure the strength of the lens base 2, the radius of the cross section of the cylindrical cavity is not larger than 1/3 of the radius of the lens base 2, and the cylindrical cavity is filled with an energy dissipation structure 5, and the energy dissipation structure 5 is made of energy absorption material, such as high polymer shock absorption material. To achieve a large and good energy dissipation effect, the focal point of the lens 1 is located in the energy dissipation structure 5. The buffer layer 3 is laid at the bottom of the blast hole 6, the lens base 2 is arranged on the buffer layer 3, and the buffer layer 3 is used for buffering the impact of stress wave waves on the lens 1 and the lens base 2.
In order to make the lens 1 have a better effect of converging the stress wave, the wave velocity V of the lens 1aGreater than the wave velocity V of the lens mount 2bAnd detonation velocity Vc. Meanwhile, the lens 1 needs a certain strength, can not deform greatly under the impact action of detonation waves, can be made of steel, and can also use iron sand as a material for saving cost. Fig. 2 illustrates the lens principle of an embodiment of the present invention. An incident wave 7 is transmitted from an incident medium 8 into the lens 1, and the wave velocity V at the lens 1 is determined according to the wave's law of refractionaWhen the refraction angle beta is larger than the incident angle alpha, the lens 1 plays a role in converging waves. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the blast hole bottom energy dissipater of this embodiment in operation, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that stress waves pass through the lens 1 and then converge on the energy dissipation structure 5, and energy is absorbed by the energy absorbing material of the energy dissipation structure 5, so that energy transmitted to the direction of the bottom of the hole is reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the energy is not transmitted to other directions, and further, the damage to the rock mass at the bottom of the blast hole 6 is avoided to the maximum extent.
In the present embodiment, the distance between the center of gravity of the cylindrical cavity and the center of gravity of the lens 1 is set as:
wherein, VaIs the wave velocity, V, of the lens materialbIs the wave velocity, V, of the lens mount materialcIs the detonation velocity and D is the minimum thickness of the concave lens; r is the radius of curvature of the concave lens.
The explanation about the position of the cylindrical cavity in the lens holder 2 is as follows:
the upper and lower parts of the lens 1 are divided into two plano-concave lenses in half. The refractive index of the detonation wave transmitted into the lens is n1＝vc/vaWhen the radius of curvature of the lens 1 is r, the focal length is f1＝r/(n1-1)＝r/(vc/va-1), in the same way, the focal length f can be derived when passing out of the lens 12＝r/(va/vb-1), the center of gravity of the cylindrical cavity is then at a distance from the center of gravity of lens 1 that is the focal length of lens 1:
when the energy dissipater for the blast hole bottom of the embodiment is applied, as shown in fig. 1, after a blast hole 6 is dug, a buffer layer 3 is laid at the hole bottom, then an energy dissipation structure 5 made of an energy absorption material is filled in a cylindrical cavity of a lens base 2, then a lens 1 is installed on the lens base 2, and then one side of the lens base 2, which is far away from the lens 1, is fixed on the buffer layer 3. The lens base 2 is fixed, then the explosive 4 is filled in the blast hole 6, and after the sufficient explosive 4 is filled in the blast hole 6, the explosive 4 is blocked in the blast hole 6 by the blocking body 9. After the explosive 4 in the blast hole 6 is detonated, stress waves generated by the explosive 4 are converged on the energy dissipation structure 5 after passing through the lens 1, and energy is absorbed by the energy absorption material in the energy dissipation structure 5, so that the energy transmitted to the bottom direction of the blast hole is reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the energy cannot be transmitted to other directions, and further, the rock mass near the bottom of the hole is prevented from being damaged to the maximum extent.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A blast hole bottom energy dissipater is characterized by comprising:
a lens disposed in the blast hole and adjacent to the explosive;
the lens base is connected with one side of the lens, which is far away from the explosive, and an energy dissipation structure is also arranged inside the lens base and is positioned at the focus of the lens;
the buffer layer, it is filled at the bottom of the big gun hole just the lens base sets up on the buffer layer, the buffer layer is used for alleviating the impact that the explosive brought lens and lens base.
2. A blasthole bottom energy dissipater as in claim 1, wherein said lens is a concave lens and the velocity V of the lens material is VaGreater than the wave velocity V of the lens mount materialbAnd detonation velocity Vc。
3. A bottom of blasthole energy dissipater as in claim 1, wherein a cylindrical cavity is provided in the lens base, said energy dissipater being filled in said cylindrical cavity.
4. A blasthole bottom energy dissipater as claimed in claim 3, wherein the height of the cylindrical cavity is 1/6-1/2 of the height of the lens base and the radius of the cross-section of the cylindrical cavity is no greater than 1/3 of the radius of the lens base.
5. A blasthole bottom energy dissipater as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance between the centre of gravity of the cylindrical cavity and the centre of gravity of the lens is such that:
wherein, VaWave of lens materialSpeed, VbIs the wave velocity, V, of the lens mount materialcIs the detonation velocity and D is the minimum thickness of the concave lens; r is the radius of curvature of the concave lens.
6. A bottom of blasthole energy dissipater as in claim 1, wherein said energy dissipater is made of energy absorbing material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111515496.2A CN114353611A (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Blast hole bottom energy dissipation device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111515496.2A CN114353611A (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Blast hole bottom energy dissipation device |
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| CN114353611A true CN114353611A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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| CN202111515496.2A Pending CN114353611A (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Blast hole bottom energy dissipation device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116818568A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-09-29 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Shock wave regulation and control and verification device and method based on optical lens principle |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1145470A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1997-03-19 | 西亚国际阿特拉斯公司 | Shaped charge with wave shaping lens |
| CN103968721A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-06 | 武汉大学 | Hole bottom energy gathering and dissipating device suitable for inclined blast hole and capable of improving blasting excavation flatness of foundation surface |
| RU2013144187A (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирская государственная геодезическая академия" (ФГБОУ ВПО "СГГА") | DEVICE FRONT FORM CONTROL DEVICE |
| RU2590803C1 (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-10 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военная академия Ракетных войск стратегического назначения имени Петра Великого" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Explosive charge of regular weapons and ammunition of primary purpose |
| CN106949797A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 武汉大学 | The moulding composite spherical energy-dissipating structure of impact for vertical holes explosion |
| CN108645300A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-10-12 | 河南省水利第二工程局 | Complex reflex cumulative and buffering energy dissipator and the blasting construction method based on the device |
| CN209763898U (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-12-10 | 武汉大学 | High-wave-impedance directional sliding combined energy dissipation body suitable for rock foundation excavation molding |
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 CN CN202111515496.2A patent/CN114353611A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1145470A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1997-03-19 | 西亚国际阿特拉斯公司 | Shaped charge with wave shaping lens |
| RU2013144187A (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирская государственная геодезическая академия" (ФГБОУ ВПО "СГГА") | DEVICE FRONT FORM CONTROL DEVICE |
| CN103968721A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-06 | 武汉大学 | Hole bottom energy gathering and dissipating device suitable for inclined blast hole and capable of improving blasting excavation flatness of foundation surface |
| RU2590803C1 (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-10 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военная академия Ракетных войск стратегического назначения имени Петра Великого" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Explosive charge of regular weapons and ammunition of primary purpose |
| CN106949797A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 武汉大学 | The moulding composite spherical energy-dissipating structure of impact for vertical holes explosion |
| CN108645300A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-10-12 | 河南省水利第二工程局 | Complex reflex cumulative and buffering energy dissipator and the blasting construction method based on the device |
| CN209763898U (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-12-10 | 武汉大学 | High-wave-impedance directional sliding combined energy dissipation body suitable for rock foundation excavation molding |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116818568A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-09-29 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Shock wave regulation and control and verification device and method based on optical lens principle |
| CN116818568B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-17 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Shock wave regulation and control and verification device and method based on optical lens principle |
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