CN105737697A - Contour blasting method for joint development rock masses - Google Patents
Contour blasting method for joint development rock masses Download PDFInfo
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- CN105737697A CN105737697A CN201610290939.5A CN201610290939A CN105737697A CN 105737697 A CN105737697 A CN 105737697A CN 201610290939 A CN201610290939 A CN 201610290939A CN 105737697 A CN105737697 A CN 105737697A
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- hole
- cement mortar
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a contour blasting method for joint development rock masses, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower projects. The contour blasting method comprises the following steps of charging an explosive and a priming material into a contour blasting hole, and only adopting reinforced charging structures at the hole opening and hole bottom, near a blockage section, of the charging section; then, pouring cement mortar, enabling the cement mortar to fill the joint and fracture of the contour blasting hole and the surrounding thereof by the self-gravity, and detonating the explosive before the initial setting of the cement mortar. The contour blasting method has the advantages that the cement mortar is used as a coupling medium, and can be used to fill the joint and fracture of the blasting hole and the surrounding rock mass thereof, and the strength and integrity of the rock mass are improved; under the action of blasting impact pressure, the compression amount of the cement mortar is little, the expansion speed of the gas produced by blasting is slow, the action time is prolonged, the blasting load is stably and uniformly applied to the surrounding hole wall, and the better contour blasting effect is obtained; the energy utilization rate of the explosive is improved, the consumption of the priming material and explosive is effectively decreased, and the blasting cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering technical field, be specifically related to a kind of outlining blasting method suitable in joints development rock mass.
Background technology
In Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, the excavation quality of waterwork rock mass is directly connected to rock mass structure and hydraulic structure and controls in the displacement of construction time and runtime and stability, is the key technical problem during Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is built.In recent years, the construction zero turn radius southwest high-mountain gorge areas of large water conservancy hydroelectric engineering, and southwest complex geologic conditions, Weathering Zones of Igneous Rock compared with deep, the off-load degree of depth big, developmental joint fissure, brings huge challenge to rock blasting excavation work.Easily there is damage and the rock mass loosened under explosive load effect in prismatical joint basalt such as power station, white crane beach etc., and technical staff needs to propose a kind of blasting method more optimized, effectively to control Rock Damage.It is adopt outlining blasting method that present stage controls the main method of rock excavation quality, but the outlining blasting method of routine has been difficult to damage and loosening rock mass easily occur suitable in prismatical joint etc..The excavation quality how controlling this kind of rock mass is current urgent problem to obtain good excavation effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency overcoming prior art to exist, it is provided that a kind of outlining blasting method suitable in joints development rock mass, it is adaptable to the Blasting Excavation engineering of the engineering fields such as water conservancy and hydropower, railway, urban construction.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of outlining blasting method suitable in joints development rock mass, comprises the steps: to load explosive and initiating equipment in outlining blasting hole, only adopts strengthen charge constitution at aperture place (powder charge section is near the position at blocking section place) and bottom, hole in powder charge section；Then pour into cement mortar, make cement mortar utilize its deadweight that outlining blasting hole and the joint of periphery thereof, crack are filled with, ignition charge before cement mortar initial set.
Described cement mortar, should meet following requirement:
(1) being generally adopted label and be not less than Portland cement or the silicate dam cement of C32.5, consumption is not preferably less than 200kg/m3。
(2) being be not more than 5% by the screen over-size of 80 μm of square hole screens to the requirement of cement fineness, general cement granules should be less than the 1/3～1/5 of Fracture Width.
(3) ratio of mud control in 0.35:1～5:1, cement mortar add retarder make the presetting period of cement mortar control at 1～5 hour.The volume of additive is usually no more than the 5% of cement quality.
Described explosive and initiating equipment are to be bundled with materials such as bamboo chip or PVC plastic flitch for supporter and primacord by explosive, are then placed in big gun hole；In powder charge section, only adopting strengthen powder charge at aperture (powder charge section is near blocking section position) and bottom, hole, all the other positions not explosive, the length of primacord is identical with powder charge segment length.Adopt primacord propagation of explosion to ignite the explosive at powder charge section two ends, and primacord also creates the energy of part blast, utilize the energy of two ends explosive and primacord to carry out explosion and form contoured surface.
The described outlining blasting method being applicable to joints development rock mass, specifically includes following steps:
(1) according to explosion designing requirement, after excavating quick-fried district and being drilled with outlining blasting hole, explosive is being bundled with materials such as bamboo chip or PVC plastic flitch for supporter and primacord, powder charge in outlining blasting hole.The Chu Hekong bottom, aperture at powder charge section two ends adopts strengthens powder charge, and the length of primacord is identical with the length of powder charge section, and Nonel detonator is positioned at aperture place, powder charge section upper end (powder charge section is near the aperture place of blocking section), and bundlees overlap joint with primacord.
(2) utilize grouting equipment to be fed into the cement mortar prepared according to field requirement in hole, make cement mortar utilize its deadweight that outlining blasting hole and the joint of periphery thereof, crack are filled with.And with rock slag, big gun hole is blocked, stemming length is according to explosion designing requirement.
(3) connect each Nonel detonator according to blasting network designing requirement detonator and confirm initiation net safety.Before cement mortar initial set, by Nonel detonator ignition charge.Explosion is observed after completing, the degree of impairment of detection profiled orifice.
Principles of the invention is, after boring, is that supporter is fixed by materials such as explosive bamboo chip, PVC plastic flitch, bundles with primacord and put in hole, only adopts at powder charge sector hole mouth and bottom, hole and strengthens powder charge.After being placed by explosive, utilize grouting equipment to be entered in outlining blasting hole by the grout pouring prepared, make cement mortar in the full outlining blasting hole of Gravitative Loads retrofilling and joint about, crack.Being placed in blocking section with the rock slag of collection in worksite as plugging material, primacord is not passed through blocking section.Before cement mortar initial set, adopting the primacord in cap sensitive hole, primacord ignites the explosive being positioned at the bottom of aperture and hole then.The couplants such as traditional air or water are replaced by the present invention with cement mortar, cement mortar can the joint fissure of filling big gun hole and surrounding rock body thereof, intensity and the globality of rock mass can be improved after hardening.Under huge blast impulse pressure effect, the compressibility of cement mortar is relatively small, the speed of expansion of detonation gas is slower, action time increases, so that explosive load is than shallower and act on the hole wall of surrounding uniformly, joints development rock mass obtains good outlining blasting effect, and reduces explosion damage effect.Meanwhile, the capacity usage ratio of explosive can be improved, effectively reduce the consumption of explosive and explosive, reduce blast cost.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1, the gravity grouting effect of cement mortar is utilized so that the trickle joint fissure in joints development rock mass is filled with so that the intensity of joints development rock mass and globality are improved.
2, in outlining blasting hole, the cement mortar of filling is as couplant, and more traditional water, air, under huge explosive forces, compressibility is less, effectively extends the action time of detonation gas, improves explosive utilization rate, so can reduce powder charge consumption, reduce construction costs.
3, the perfusion equipment of cement mortar and technique is simple, lower cost for material, it is easy to obtain.
4, the full section of primacord is all in hole, adopts explosive and primacord in cap sensitive outlining blasting hole, more safe and reliable.
5, only strengthening powder charge at powder charge sector hole mouth and bottom, hole, utilizing the energy of primacord and two ends explosive to carry out explosion thus forming contoured surface, this kind of charge constitution is greatly saved explosive consumption, reduces construction costs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is outlining blasting hole of the present invention overall structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is protective layer excavation borehole pattern；
Fig. 3 be in Fig. 2 A-A to profile；
In figure, 1 is detonator, and 2 is rock slag, and 3 is Nonel detonator, and 4 for strengthening powder charge section, and 5 is primacord and bamboo chip, and 6 is cement mortar, and 7 is blocking section, and 8 is powder charge section, and 9 is main blast hole, and 10 is cushion hole, and 11 is outlining blasting hole, and α is rock foundation inclination angle.
Detailed description of the invention
Illustrate that the present invention will be further described with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Outlining blasting hole of the present invention overall structure schematic diagram is as it is shown in figure 1, be divided into blocking section 7 and powder charge section 8 two parts.Explosive bundles with bamboo chip for supporter and primacord and is positioned in big gun hole, and the length of primacord is identical with the length of powder charge section, and in Fig. 1,5 is primacord and bamboo chip, and 4 for strengthening powder charge section.Being positioned at Nonel detonator 3 and the primacord binding overlap joint at aperture place, powder charge section upper end, one end of detonator 1 is connected with Nonel detonator 3, other end exposed hole outer and is connected with the detonator in other outlining blasting holes.Powder charge section 8 grout injection 6, blocks section 7 with rock slag 2 to blocking.
The present invention is applicable to the outlining blasting method of joints development rock mass, specifically includes following steps:
(1) according to explosion designing requirement, after excavating quick-fried district and being drilled with outlining blasting hole, explosive is being bundled with materials such as bamboo chip or PVC plastic flitch for supporter and primacord, powder charge in outlining blasting hole.The aperture at powder charge section two ends and bottom, hole adopt strengthens powder charge, and the length of primacord is identical with the length of powder charge section, and Nonel detonator is positioned at aperture place, powder charge section upper end, and overlaps with primacord binding.
(2) utilize grouting equipment to be fed into the cement mortar prepared according to field requirement in hole, make cement mortar utilize its deadweight that outlining blasting hole and the joint of periphery thereof, crack are filled with.And with rock slag, big gun hole is blocked, stemming length is according to explosion designing requirement.
(3) connect each Nonel detonator according to blasting network designing requirement detonator and confirm initiation net safety.Before cement mortar initial set, by Nonel detonator ignition charge.Explosion is observed after completing, the degree of impairment of detection profiled orifice.
Embodiment 1
Certain Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering induced joint rock foundation protection course excavation project, owing to basis rock mass belongs to prismatical joint rock mass, conventional outlining blasting blasting vibration is big, and explosion damage range is big, and after explosion, column joint plane loose range is big.Therefore the outlining blasting technology of the consideration present invention is to ensure excavation quality, as requested, outlining blasting mode selects presplit blasting scheme.Protective layer adopts Long-hole Bench Blasting, and protective layer excavation boring is arranged as shown in Figures 2 and 3, shoulder height 8m; rock foundation inclination alpha=65o, protective layer thickness is 5m, pre-ceasma 11(outlining blasting hole) drilling depth is 8.8m; main blast hole 9 needs outdrill 0.3m with cushion hole 10, for 9.1m.Pre-ceasma 11 spacing 0.8～0.9m, burden is 1m.Cushion hole 10 spacing 1.8m, burden is 1.5m.Main blast hole 9 spacing is 3m, and burden is 2.5m.Bore diameter is 90mm, main blast hole Explosive roll diameter 70mm, cushion hole Explosive roll diameter 50mm, and the Explosive roll diameter of pre-ceasma is 32mm, often the joint long 20cm of powder stick, weight 150g.Main blast hole 9, cushion hole 10 are consistent with rock foundation inclination alpha with the angle of inclination in outlining blasting hole 11.
Specifically comprise the following steps that
1, boring: according to explosion designing requirement, surveying and locating boring point is drilled with blast hole behind position, to carry out work of verifying after having holed.Design altitude is got in not enough the mending of hole depth, and the big gun hole of ultra-deep to be done back-up sand and be processed.
2, powder charge: main blast hole and cushion hole powder charge adopt conventional level charging structure, and explosive is uniformly distributed along big gun axially bored line.For pre-ceasma, respectively 3 volume explosive series connection are placed in powder charge sector hole mouth and bottom, hole, and primacord parallel connection bind is on bamboo chip.One section of primacord and two 1 section of Nonel detonator bindings near aperture overlap, then are connected with Nonel detonator with detonator, outside the other end extension of detonator is portalled.
3, grout injection: after explosive is positioned over big gun hole, utilizes grouting equipment to inject the cement mortar that on-the-spot mixing is good in the pre-ceasma being drilled with, and makes cement mortar utilize its deadweight that pre-ceasma and the joint of periphery thereof, crack are filled with.Cement mortar adopts C32.5 Portland cement, and fineness is 10 μm, and the ratio of mud adopts 1:1, calculates according to " hydraulic structure cement grout construction technique normalizing " (SL62-94), and in every cubic meter of water mud, cement consumption is about 210kg, and water is 210kg.
4, blocking: utilize collection in worksite to rock slag main blast hole, cushion hole and pre-ceasma are blocked, stemming length is 1m.
5, networking and detonate: before cement mortar initial set, after the detonator that pre-ceasma exposes outside is connected into blasting network according to designing requirement, after in confirmation network security and fence coverage, personnel equipment withdraws, detonate whole blasting network.
6, demolition effect detection: after explosion completes, observes flatness and the crack distribution situation thereof of contoured surface, utilizes the lesion depths of sonic test equipment Inspection wall interior rock.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to present invention spirit explanation for example.Described specific embodiment can be made various amendment or supplements or adopt similar method to substitute by those skilled in the art, but without departing from the spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims is defined.
Claims (4)
1. the outlining blasting method being applicable to joints development rock mass, it is characterised in that comprise the steps: to load explosive and initiating equipment in outlining blasting hole, only adopts in the Chu Hekong bottom, aperture near blocking section in powder charge section and strengthens charge constitution；Then pouring into cement mortar, make cement mortar utilize its deadweight that outlining blasting hole and the joint of periphery thereof, crack are filled with, before cement mortar initial set, ignition charge forms contoured surface.
2. the outlining blasting method suitable in joints development rock mass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cement mortar meets following requirement:
(1) adopting label to be not less than Portland cement or the silicate dam cement of C32.5, consumption is less than 200kg/m3；
(2) requirement of cement fineness is be not more than 5% by the screen over-size of 80 μm of square hole screens, and cement granules is less than the 1/3～1/5 of Fracture Width；
(3) ratio of mud control in 0.35:1～5:1, cement mortar add retarder make the presetting period of cement mortar control at 1～5 hour；The volume of additive is less than the 5% of cement quality.
3. the outlining blasting method suitable in joints development rock mass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described explosive and initiating equipment are explosive supporter and primacord to be bundled；In powder charge section, only adopting reinforcement powder charge near the aperture of blocking section and bottom, hole, all the other locate not powder charge.
4. the outlining blasting method suitable in joints development rock mass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) after excavating quick-fried district and being drilled with outlining blasting hole, explosive supporter and primacord are being bundled, powder charge in outlining blasting hole；Powder charge section strengthens powder charge near Chu Hekong bottom, the aperture employing of blocking section, and the length of primacord is identical with the length of powder charge section, and Nonel detonator is positioned at the powder charge section aperture place near blocking section, and overlaps with primacord binding；
(2) utilize grouting equipment to be fed into the cement mortar prepared in hole, make cement mortar utilize its deadweight that outlining blasting hole and the joint of periphery thereof, crack are filled with；And with rock slag, big gun hole is blocked；
(3) connect each Nonel detonator with detonator and confirm initiation net safety；Before cement mortar initial set, by Nonel detonator ignition charge；Explosion is observed after completing, the degree of impairment of detection profiled orifice.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN108844424A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-20 | 武汉大学 | Blasthole blocking up method |
| CN110500925A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-26 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | A kind of deep hole blasting loading method and karst cave detecting test device passing through molten chamber |
| CN111536839A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-14 | 重庆交通大学 | Hydraulic blasting construction method for joint fracture development rock mass tunnel |
| CN112880506A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Construction method for mine bench blasting |
| CN114353609A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-15 | 湖北工业大学 | Structure and method for sectionally charging downward blast hole |
| CN114353610A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-15 | 湖北工业大学 | Horizontal or slowly-inclined blind gun hole internal segmented charging structure and construction method |
| CN114440721A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-06 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Slurry blasting reinforcement method for hard surrounding rock joint development area of tunnel |
| CN114659417A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 西南科技大学 | Ultrasonic excitation assisted hard rock blasting method |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111536839A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-14 | 重庆交通大学 | Hydraulic blasting construction method for joint fracture development rock mass tunnel |
| CN114659417A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 西南科技大学 | Ultrasonic excitation assisted hard rock blasting method |
| CN112880506A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Construction method for mine bench blasting |
| CN114353609A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-15 | 湖北工业大学 | Structure and method for sectionally charging downward blast hole |
| CN114353610A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-15 | 湖北工业大学 | Horizontal or slowly-inclined blind gun hole internal segmented charging structure and construction method |
| CN114353610B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-04-25 | 湖北工业大学 | Structure and construction method for sectional charging in horizontal or gently inclined blind blasthole |
| CN114440721A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-06 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Slurry blasting reinforcement method for hard surrounding rock joint development area of tunnel |
| CN114440721B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-06-06 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Slurry explosion reinforcement method for hard surrounding rock joint development area of tunnel |
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