CN115968735A - Time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of dry rice planting. Preparing soil when the soil is thawed to exceed 15-20 cm; obtaining seeds to be sowed through seed selection and seed dressing; pressing the ditch for sowing, uniformly applying the compound fertilizer to the bottom of the groove ditch after pressing the ditch, then rolling and sowing by a wheel hub, covering soil with the depth of 0.5-2cm, applying slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer to the position 12-15cm below the side of the seedling belt, sowing for 6-24h, and then performing heavy pressing on the sowing land for 1-2 times; performing daily field management during the period from sowing to maturity of rice, irrigating saturated water once respectively at the age of 4.5 leaves, the age of N-N +1 leaves, the age of N-1 leaves and the homogeneous heading stage of the rice, and controlling the water consumption in each time60‑70m ³ . The method adjusts the irrigation mode, shallow sowing and heavy pressing, reasonably applies fertilizer, treats plants and improves the growth speed of the rice according to the water requirement rule of the rice.

Description

Time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of dry rice planting, in particular to a time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method.

Background

The direct dry seeding of rice is that the paddy seeds which hasten germination are not subjected to water land preparation, but the process of directly seeding in the local field of the dry land preparation like winter wheat is called direct dry seeding, the rice is directly seeded on the dry land, and because a clear water layer is not established, the disease occurrence in the growth process of the rice can be greatly reduced, the day and night temperature difference of the planted field can be larger, the accumulation of amylose is facilitated, the taste of the rice can be greatly improved, and the cost and the water resource can be saved compared with direct water seeding and transplanting. However, in order to stabilize the rice yield, improvements in various aspects such as rice cultivation methods and fertilizer application are needed to promote large-area development of dry direct-seeding rice in the northern cold-region rice farming area.

Especially, the rice is a temperature-loving and sensitive plant, and in the booting stage, if the low temperature below 17 ℃ appears for 3-5 days continuously, large pieces of rice can be empty and shriveled, the yield is greatly reduced, and the old mr who has been xu-Rong adopts the method that the tillering stage is advanced and the long heading stage is staggered from the low temperature stage. Later researchers have disclosed a direct seeding cultivation method for rice in dry land in chinese patent CN103477928B, in which irrigation is performed in four-leaf stage, i.e. when rice seedling is in four-leaf one-core, irrigation is started, and water is manually supplemented in three critical stages requiring water, when rice seedling enters meiosis stage, when temperature is lower than 17 ℃ at night, deep water layer is built to protect embryo, and hollow and shrivelled grains are reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method, the method adopts an irrigation water mode adjusted according to the water requirement rule of rice, and adopts time-sharing saturated water, so that the water efficiency of the cold-region rice dry direct seeding is greatly improved, the rice is sown in a shallow mode and heavily stressed, the fertilizer is reasonably applied, and the growth speed and the growth quantity of the rice are improved.

The technical problem to be solved by the application is achieved by adopting the following technical scheme.

On one hand, the embodiment of the application provides a time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct-seeding cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing land when the soil is thawed to be more than 15-20cm, and turning the land to obtain a paddy field to be used;

s2, obtaining seeds to be sowed through seed selection, seed dressing and germination acceleration;

s3, rolling an inverted trapezoidal concave groove in a rice field for sowing, uniformly applying a compound fertilizer to the bottom of the concave groove after groove pressing, then sequentially scattering seeds to be sowed into a seedling belt according to the direction of the groove to form a seedling belt, covering soil, wherein the depth of the covering soil is 0.5-2cm, applying a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the position 12-15cm below the side of the seedling belt, and after sowing for 6-24 hours, applying heavy weight to a sowing field for 1-2 times;

s4, performing daily field management during the period from sowing to maturity of the rice, wherein the rice is irrigated with saturated water once respectively at the 4.5 leaf age, the N-N +1 leaf age, the N-1 leaf age and the full heading stage, and the water consumption for each time is 60-70m ³ 。

The time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method mainly adopts the steps of irrigating saturated water in different time periods in the whole growth process according to the water requirement rule of rice, intentionally drought in different time periods, and the purposes of saving water and efficiently producing rice by combining a shallow sowing and heavy pressure sowing mode and reasonable fertilization management.

For four periods of irrigation saturated water:

the 4.5-leaf age stage is a stage in which the 5 th leaf is half-extended, and is also an initial tillering stage in which the first leaf axillary tillering completely forms the second leaf axillary tillering and grows to one half. The water shortage at this stage can reduce the free water in the plant leaves, the free water is a medium for the cells to carry out physiological activities and enzymatic reactions, and the reduction of the free water inevitably leads to the reduction of the physiological functions of the leaves and seriously influences the tillering. Eventually, the number of ears per unit area will be reduced and the desired harvest ear number and high yield goals will not be achieved.

The N-N +1 leaf age is a young ear differentiation period and is also an effective tillering critical leaf age period, and the water shortage can influence the formation of large ears.

The N-1 leaf age is an elongation-emergence and booting period, and water shortage in the period can influence the differentiation of primary and secondary branches, so that the differentiation of glumes is also influenced, and pollen abortion can influence the grain number of ears in severe drought.

The heading stage is the heading stage when 80% of ears are extracted all day. The purpose of this stage of watering is to ensure a sufficient supply of water during the filling of the rice.

Therefore, the saturated water is irrigated to the paddy field in the four periods to ensure that the soil obtains the saturated water content, the saturated water content is respectively used for ensuring that tillering is normally carried out, young ear differentiation, primary branch differentiation, secondary branch differentiation, glume differentiation, node pulling, ear bearing and the water content required by ear sprouting are respectively used for ensuring the physiological requirements of the key nodes of the paddy rice, under other conditions, the water stress is adopted for the paddy rice to utilize the characteristics of plant self progeny preservation and top end advantages to accelerate the growth process, the paddy rice root system is induced to be developed, and the yield is increased by means of the main stem and the big ear, so that the most efficient production is realized by the lowest water consumption, and the aim of saving water is fulfilled at most by using about 200 cubic meters of water per mu under the condition of no effective rainfall all the year.

The shallow sowing weight is important for direct sowing on dry paddy, if the sowing depth exceeds 2cm, the middle stem is extended, two sections of roots formed by the radicles of the main shaft directly become weak seedlings, the seedling emergence is slow, the tillering is less, and high-section tillering can be generated, so that the thickness of the covering soil on the sowed seeds is set to be 0.5-2cm in order to ensure the seedling emergence rate of the seedlings. And then strong pressing operation, also called heavy pressing, is carried out, the heavy pressing is the guarantee of the connection of the grain seeds and the returned slurry, and the shallow sowing heavy pressing in the cold region rice cropping area can guarantee the uniform and strong seedlings.

In the aspect of fertilization, a high-quality slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be deeply applied to the position 12-15cm below the side of a seedling zone, and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can slowly release nitrogen elements after being applied, so that the fertilization times and the nitrogen loss are reduced, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the damage of overhigh concentration of local fertilizer to rice seedlings is avoided. And (3) shallow applying a phosphate fertilizer, a biological organic fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer under the seedling zone. In the total amount of fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer is taken as the main fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are regarded as important, and mixed fertilizers such as amino acid, fulvic acid and trace elements required by the growth and development of rice are supplemented, so that a foundation is laid for the robustness of seedlings.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

1. the time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method only meets physiological water of rice in water, ignores extra ecological water, comprehensively embodies a new theory of preferential treatment plants, concretely realizes that irrigation nodes are pinched according to the water demand rule of the rice per se, and implements time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation, namely, only fills saturated water (running horse water) before the critical water demand period comes, but does not establish a clear water layer.

2. The time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method provided by the application adopts a shallow seeding and heavy pressure mode to sow during sowing, and ensures the emergence rate, the strong seedling rate and the uniformity.

3. The application provides a fertilization aspect uses nitrogen fertilizer as the owner in the anhydrous layer irrigation cold region rice drought direct seeding cultivation method of timesharing saturated water to attach to the fertilizer, slightly looks at the potash fertilizer to supply mixed fertilizers such as amino acid, fulvic acid and microelement that rice growth and development needs, adopt reasonable degree of depth to fertilize, guaranteed the required nutritional requirement of rice each period growth, and reduce fertilizer waste.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide-narrow row distribution in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a diagram of the actual planting of seedlings with wide and narrow rows in the embodiment of the application.

Icon: 1-wide row, 2-narrow row, 3-concave trench.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products which are not indicated by manufacturers and are commercially available.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

The embodiment of the application provides a time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing soil when the soil is thawed to be more than 15-20cm, and turning the soil to obtain a paddy field to be used;

s2, obtaining seeds to be sowed through seed selection, seed dressing and germination acceleration;

s3, rolling an inverted trapezoidal concave groove in a rice field for sowing, uniformly applying a compound fertilizer to the bottom of the concave groove after groove pressing, then sequentially scattering seeds to be sowed into a seedling belt according to the direction of the groove to form a seedling belt, covering soil, wherein the depth of the covering soil is 0.5-2cm, applying a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the position 12-15cm below the side of the seedling belt, and after sowing for 6-24 hours, applying heavy weight to a sowing field for 1-2 times;

s4, performing daily field management during the period from sowing to maturity of the rice, wherein the rice is irrigated with saturated water once respectively at the 4.5 leaf age, the N-N +1 leaf age, the N-1 leaf age and the full heading stage, and the water consumption for each time is 60-70m ³ Per mu.

According to the time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method, only physiological water of rice is met in water, extra ecological water is omitted, a new theory of preferential treatment plants is comprehensively embodied, specifically, irrigation nodes are pinched according to the water demand rule of the rice, time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation is implemented, namely, only saturated water (running horse water) is irrigated just before the critical water demand period comes, and a clear water layer is not established, so that the planted dry rice is largest in growth amount, largest in yield and better in quality, and the purposes of saving water and efficiently producing are achieved; the shallow sowing and heavy pressure mode is adopted for sowing, so that the emergence rate and the strong seedling rate are ensured; in the aspect of fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a main component, phosphate fertilizer is regarded, potash fertilizer is regarded lightly, mixed fertilizers such as amino acid, fulvic acid and trace elements required by growth and development of rice are supplemented, reasonable deep fertilization is adopted, nutrition requirements required by growth of rice are met, and fertilizer waste is reduced.

In some embodiments of the present application, the composition and content of the compound fertilizer in S3 are: 40-50% of diammonium phosphate, 25-40% of farmyard manure and 15-30% of potassium chloride, wherein the diammonium phosphate contains 46% of P ₂ O ₅ And 18% N, the potassium chloride containing 60% K ₂ O。

Diammonium phosphate is taken as a main material, a well-decomposed farmyard organic fertilizer and a small amount of potassium fertilizer are applied to a position 2-3cm under a seedling zone in a shallow mode to serve as seed fertilizers, wherein the phosphate fertilizer can promote growth and root development of rice seedlings and improve viscosity, heat resistance and water retention capacity of cell protoplasts, the potassium fertilizer can enhance photosynthesis of rice, promote synthesis and accumulation of sugar, improve plant resistance, enhance absorption capacity of rice roots, promote absorption of nitrogen and synthesis of protein, enable rice grains to be large and plump and achieve high yield, the potassium fertilizer is not used as high as possible, fertilization is needed according to tissues during rice growth, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus to potassium applied in the conventional fertilization is 2.

In some embodiments of the present application, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in S3 is slow-release urea, the nitrogen content of the slow-release urea is greater than or equal to 46%, and the usage amount is 18-20kg per mu.

The fertilizer application in the agricultural production at present has low fertilizer utilization rate, especially nitrogen fertilizer which accounts for the main proportion, slow release urea is adopted, the slow release urea is a new type of urea containing urease inhibitor, the nitrogen content is over 46 percent, the urea entering the soil can be ensured to be slowly decomposed into ammonia under the action of soil urease and further absorbed by crops without being too fast decomposed and losing the nitrogen fertilizer due to too late absorption of the crops due to the addition of 0.1 to 0.8 percent of the urease inhibitor, the nitrogen supply period of the traditional urea is about 45 to 50 days, and the nitrogen supply period can reach 90 to 100 days after the slow release urea is adopted, so the slow release urea is more suitable for being used as a base fertilizer. The application uses the fertilizer more than adopting, can guarantee that the existing sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer of each growth stage of rice, has still improved the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, reduces the soil and water pollution.

In some embodiments of the present application, the inverted trapezoidal concave grooves in S3 are distributed in wide and narrow rows, the wide row distance is 35-40cm, the narrow row distance is 20-25cm, the bottom width of each concave groove is 8-10cm, and the depth is 4.5-5cm.

In some embodiments of this application, utilize two ditch formula seeders of original initiative rotation to roll out a trapezoidal groove through protruding type pressure ditch wheel hub to adopt wide narrow row to distribute in turn, make things convenient for the machine concurrent operation, but also realized rice seed rational arrangement, robust growth in reasonable space range, make full use of light energy improves growth efficiency. The layout mode not only facilitates the operation of the machine, but also is beneficial to rice production.

In some embodiments of the present application, the specific actions of weeding in daily field management of S4 are: the closed herbicide is applied to soil after sowing, wherein the formulation of the herbicide for each mu comprises 250-300ml of 33% pendimethalin, 50-60ml of 90% butachlor and 12-15ml of 15% pyrazosulfuron-ethyl missible oil.

In the past, dry direct seeding is difficult to realize the two relations of seedling protection and strengthening and chemical weeding. Particularly, chemical weeding is realized, and the weeds grow as strong as the seedlings without establishing a clear water layer, so that the free water in the weeds is less in a fibrous constitution, the herbicide resistance is enhanced, and the difficulty is brought to the chemical weeding. In addition, the weed population in dry direct seeding fields is also quite different from that in traditional rice transplanting (including water direct seeding) fields. The rice field is most difficult to prevent and kill by direct seeding on dry land with rice barnyard grass, variant rice barnyard grass, rice leersia hexandra, crabgrass and moleplant seed. The most difficult to prevent and control in hillside land spray irrigation and dry direct-seeding fields for dry modification of rice are dayflower (broccoli), green bristlegrass, broomcorn millet, acalypha australis, crab grass, moleplant seed, wild oat and the like. After pendimethalin, butachlor and pyrazosulfuron ethyl are sown in emulsifiable solution, soil before seedlings is sealed, and weeds can be killed as early as possible according to the principle of early control.

In some embodiments of the present application, the irrigation is flood irrigation or sprinkling irrigation.

The two modes can be adapted according to local conditions, firstly, the flood irrigation is convenient without high-precision equipment, but the irrigation process is inconvenient to control, the phenomenon of water waste is easily caused, the soil is easily hardened, and the seedlings are slow to rise. The sprinkling irrigation saves water, does not cause the lodging of the seedlings, but the required equipment is expensive, and the central fulcrum type sprinkling irrigation machine is mainly adopted, so that the full-automatic intelligent digital control type watering is completely realized, the labor is saved, the water is conveniently controlled, and the water saving is realized.

In some embodiments of the present application, the specific operations of seed selection, seed dressing and germination acceleration are as follows:

seed selection: selecting the rice seeds with full seeds, without awns and brown rice by adopting a winnowing method, a specific gravity method, a unhairing method or a grain-brown separation method;

seed dressing: in 10-12 days before sowing, 35% of thiamethoxam, 2.5% of fludioxonil and 7.5% of azoxystrobin are added according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a coating medicine, and then mixing the coating medicine and the seeds according to the mass ratio of 2.

It should be noted that, besides selecting good varieties with full grains, care needs to be taken when purchasing rice varieties, especially in cold regions, the varieties within 11 leaves need to be selected to ensure safe maturity in the frost-free 130-day cold region, and furthermore, comprehensive consideration needs to be given to the high yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance, low temperature resistance and variety stability of the varieties, and the best approved varieties are selected for planting.

The method is characterized in that seed dressing treatment is carried out on rice seeds before sowing after seed selection, wherein thiamethoxam, fludioxonil and azoxystrobin are adopted to mix into coating agents for seed dressing, the seed dressing is to combine disinfection and seed dressing, so that bacteria carried by the seeds are eliminated, diseases which are easy to appear during growth are reduced, and the bacteroid pesticide pair is a second-generation nicotine high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide and has stomach toxicity, contact killing and systemic activity on pests; fludioxonil can inhibit the transfer related to phosphorylation of glucose and inhibit the growth of fungal mycelia, eventually leading to death of germs; azoxystrobin is a strobilurin bactericidal pesticide, is efficient and broad-spectrum, and has good activity on almost all fungi (Ascomycotina, basidiomycotina, trichophyton and Deuteromycotina) diseases such as powdery mildew, rust disease, glume blight, net blotch, downy mildew, rice blast and the like; the seeds are treated according to the proportion, and then the self-carrying bacteria of the seeds are eliminated, so that the pest and disease damage after sowing is avoided.

The features and properties of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a dry direct seeding cultivation method for paddy rice in cold regions by time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation, which comprises the following steps:

preparing soil and waiting for sowing: and (3) turning up upturned soil blocks in autumn, thawing the soil to about 15cm, rotating the upturned soil blocks by a rotary cultivator for one time, collecting weeds into piles by using a vehicle-mounted rake, pulling the weeds out of the field, then carrying out rotary tillage by the rotary cultivator for two times until no grass clumps are formed in the field, raking the soil blocks, and leveling to obtain the soft and smooth paddy field.

Seed selection: and screening the seeds by adopting air separation to leave the full rice.

Seed pretreatment: starting at No. 3/10, the seeds were spread out and aired on a sunning ground for 2 days.

Seed dressing: 10 days before sowing, 35% of thiamethoxam, 2.5% of fludioxonil and 7.5% of azoxystrobin are added according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, wherein the total amount of 35 percent of thiamethoxam 100g,2.5 percent of fludioxonil and 7.5 percent of azoxystrobin is 100g, then 200g of the coating is mixed with 150 jin of seeds to obtain the coating to be sown, the coating is bagged and put in a warehouse for drying in the shade, and the warehouse is ensured to be ventilated.

Sowing: the driving active rotation double-furrow sowing machine is characterized in that a concave groove in an inverted trapezoid shape is formed by rolling a convex furrow pressing hub, wherein grooves and ridges are distributed in parallel in a wide row and a narrow row, the wide row distance is 35cm, the narrow row distance is 25cm, the bottom width of each groove is 8cm, and the depth of each groove is 4.5cm, as shown in figure 1. After the furrows are pressed, uniformly applying a phosphate fertilizer, a bio-organic fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer to the bottoms of the furrows, wherein the phosphate fertilizer, the bio-organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 32kg of diammonium phosphate, 32kg of farmyard manure and 16kg of potassium chloride, wherein the diammonium phosphate contains 46% of P ₂ O ₅ And 18% N, the potassium chloride containing 60% K ₂ And O. And then, sequentially scattering the seeds to be sowed into the grooves according to the direction of the grooves to form a seedling zone, covering soil with the depth of 0.5cm, applying slow-release urea serving as a base fertilizer to the position 12cm below the side of the seedling zone, wherein the nitrogen content of the slow-release urea is 46 percent, and the using amount of the slow-release urea is 20kg per mu. In addition, the proportion of the seeds to the fertilizer weight is 6:25, sowing 12kg seeds per mu, applying weight to the sowing field for 2 times within 6h of sowing, and during the 2 nd time of pressing operation, the driving direction of the tractor is vertical to the first time of operation.

Spraying a weeding sealing agent: after 1 day after sowing, under the condition of no wind, spraying weeding sealing pesticide, wherein the formula of the sealing pesticide for each mu is as follows: the pesticide is characterized by comprising 300ml of 33% pendimethalin, 50ml of 90% butachlor, 12ml of 15% missible oil and 50L of water, wherein the pendimethalin is yellow liquid and is also yellow when sprayed to the ground, so that a binding moat can be found according to the color of the ground, and a ridge and the edge of the ground are also sprayed during spraying. The spraying time is preferably selected at windless night, and if the spraying vehicle is provided with GPS navigation, the spraying can be performed without heavy spraying or missing spraying.

Watering: irrigating the rice field once with saturated water at the 4.5 leaf age, N-N +1 leaf age, N-1 leaf age and heading stage, and irrigating 60m per mu in a flood irrigation mode ³ 。

Daily field management is carried out from the sowing to the maturity of the rice, wherein the plot among ridges after the seedlings grow out is shown in figure 2. The method is implemented in Baoquanling pipe bureau and Hulin city of Heilongjiang province, hundreds of households consume hundreds of thousands of acres of land, and the consumption level of each acre of land is lowAre all 200m ³ The average yield per mu is 700kg.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a dry direct seeding cultivation method for paddy rice in cold regions by time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation, which comprises the following steps:

preparing soil and waiting for sowing: and (3) turning up upturned soil blocks in autumn, thawing the soil to about 20cm, rotating the upturned soil blocks by a rotary cultivator for one time, collecting weeds into piles by using a vehicle-mounted rake, pulling the weeds out of the field, then carrying out rotary tillage by the rotary cultivator for two times until no grass clumps are formed in the field, raking the soil blocks, and leveling to obtain the soft and smooth paddy field.

Seed selection: and (4) screening the seeds by adopting air separation to leave the rice with full seeds.

Seed pretreatment: starting at 3/10, the seeds were spread out and aired on a sunning ground for 2 days.

Seed dressing: 10 days before sowing, 35% of thiamethoxam, 2.5% of fludioxonil and 7.5% of azoxystrobin are added according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, wherein the total amount of 35 percent of thiamethoxam 100g,2.5 percent of fludioxonil and 7.5 percent of azoxystrobin is 100g, then 200g of the coating is mixed with 150 jin of seeds to obtain the coating to be sown, the coating is bagged and put in a warehouse for drying in the shade, and the warehouse is ensured to be ventilated.

Sowing: the driving active rotation double-furrow sowing machine utilizes a convex furrow pressing hub to roll out an inverted trapezoidal concave furrow, wherein grooves and ridges are as shown in figure 1 to form wide and narrow rows which are alternately distributed, the wide row distance is 40cm, the narrow row distance is 25cm, the bottom width of each groove is 10cm, and the depth is 5cm. After the furrows are pressed, uniformly applying a phosphate fertilizer, a bio-organic fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer to the bottoms of the furrows, wherein the phosphate fertilizer, the bio-organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 41kg of diammonium phosphate, 20.5kg of farmyard manure and 20.5kg of potassium chloride, wherein the diammonium phosphate contains 46% of P ₂ O ₅ And 18% of N, the potassium chloride containing 60% of K ₂ And O. And then, covering soil of 2cm, sequentially scattering seeds to be sowed into the seedling zones according to the direction of the grooves to form seedling zones, covering the soil with the depth of 2cm, applying the slow-release urea serving as a base fertilizer to the positions 15cm below the seedling zones, wherein the nitrogen content of the slow-release urea is 46%, and the using amount of the slow-release urea is 18kg per mu. In additionThe proportion of the outer seeds to the fertilizer weight is 6:25, sowing 12kg seeds per mu, sowing within 6h, and applying weight and pressing for 1 time to the sowing land.

Spraying a weeding sealing agent: after 1 day after sowing, under the condition of no wind, spraying weeding sealing pesticide, wherein the formula of the sealing pesticide for each mu is as follows: the pesticide is characterized by comprising 300ml of 33% pendimethalin, 60ml of 90% butachlor, 15ml of 15% missible oil and 60L of water, wherein the pendimethalin is yellow liquid and is also yellow when sprayed to the ground, so that a binding moat can be found according to the color of the ground, and a ridge and the edge of the ground are also sprayed during spraying.

Watering: irrigating the rice field once with saturated water at the 4.5 leaf age, N-N +1 leaf age, N-1 leaf age and heading stage, and irrigating 70m per mu by adopting a spray irrigation mode ³ 。

Daily field management is performed from the time of sowing rice to the time of maturity. The method is implemented in Baoquanling pipe office in Heilongjiang province and Hulin city, hundreds of households take hundreds of thousands of acres of land, and the average water consumption per acre is 200m ³ The average yield per mu is 700kg.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example adopts the irrigation method adopted in the dry direct seeding cultivation method of the rice disclosed in CN103477928B for management, the measures except for irrigation are basically the same as those of the example 1, finally, the yield per mu is 650kg on average, and the water consumption per mu is 300m on average ³ 。

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is the same as example 1 except for soil preparation, sowing waiting, seed selection and seed pretreatment, and adopts the following conventional cultivation method:

seed dressing and germination accelerating: soaking the coated seeds in clear water for three days, and accelerating germination of the seeds at the constant temperature of 30-32 ℃ until the breast is broken (white).

Sowing: sowing is started when the temperature is stable and reaches 5 ℃, the sowing quantity is 10 kg/mu, the sowing row spacing is 20cm, the depth is 3cm, a dry drill is adopted for sowing, 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen), 5kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 4kg of potassium oxide and 500kg of farmyard manure are applied to each mu during sowing. Wherein 10 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer is applied to the position 3cm under the seeds, 90 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer is applied to the position 10cm under the side of the seeds, topdressing is carried out at the 3-leaf stage and the 3.5-4.0-leaf stage of the rice, 2kg of pure nitrogen is added to each mu of land at the 3-leaf stage, 3kg of nitrogen fertilizer is added at the 3.5-4.0-leaf stage, and a clear water layer with the depth of 4cm is established during topdressing.

Spraying herbal medicine removal: adding 30kg of 90% of dimetamine 200ml into water per mu of land, and performing field surface closed weeding before seedling emergence and when the seedling age is 2.5-3.0 after sowing. And when the seedling age is 4.0, artificially pulling out the missed killed weeds.

Watering: in the rice seedling emergence period to 3-leaf period, primary irrigation is carried out in the 3-leaf period, the water layer is about 4cm, irrigation is carried out in the tillering period (3.5-4.0 leaf age), the water layer keeps 5cm, irrigation is carried out in the joint-shifting pregermination period (the late stage of the rice pregermination period to the front stage of the rice heading), the water layer keeps 12cm, intermittent irrigation is carried out in the heading and flowering period, the surface of the field is kept moist mainly, when the rice enters the filling period, the surface moisture is kept at the level of mud-throwing water, and when most rice grains in the field reach the middle stage of milk maturity, moisture is not supplied any more.

Finally, after harvesting, the average yield per mu is 550kg by statistics, and the average water consumption per mu is 450m ³ The above.

From the results of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the single yield of rice can be effectively increased and water can be saved by changing the irrigation, fertilization and spraying modes, and the fertilizer usage amount can be greatly reduced and the labor consumption can be reduced.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

1. the time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method only meets physiological water of rice in water, neglects additional ecological water, fully follows the new theory of preferential treatment plants, concretely realizes that irrigation nodes are pinched according to the water demand rule of the rice, and implements time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation, namely, only fills saturated water (running horse water) before the critical water demand period comes, but does not establish a clear water layer.

2. The time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method provided by the application adopts a shallow seeding and heavy pressure mode to sow during sowing, and ensures the emergence rate and the strong seedling rate.

3. The application provides a fertilization aspect uses nitrogen fertilizer as the owner in the anhydrous layer irrigation cold region rice drought direct seeding cultivation method of timesharing saturated water to attach to the fertilizer, slightly looks at the potash fertilizer to supply mixed fertilizers such as amino acid, fulvic acid and microelement that rice growth and development needs, adopt reasonable degree of depth to fertilize, guaranteed the required nutritional requirement of rice each period growth, and reduce fertilizer waste.

The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, preparing land when the soil is thawed to be more than 15-20cm, and turning, preparing and harrowing the land to obtain a paddy field to be used;

s2, obtaining seeds to be sowed through seed selection and seed dressing;

s3, rolling an inverted trapezoidal concave groove in a rice field for sowing, uniformly applying a compound fertilizer to the bottom of the concave groove after groove pressing, then sequentially scattering seeds to be sowed into a seedling belt according to the direction of the groove to form a seedling belt, covering soil, wherein the depth of the covering soil is 0.5-2cm, applying a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the position 12-15cm below the side of the seedling belt, and after sowing for 6-24 hours, applying heavy weight to a sowing field for 1-2 times;

s4, performing daily field management during the period from sowing to maturity of the rice, wherein the rice is irrigated with saturated water once respectively at the 4.5 leaf age, the N-N +1 leaf age, the N-1 leaf age and the full heading stage, and the water consumption for each time is 60-70m ³ Per mu.

2. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for the paddy rice in the cold region by the time-sharing saturated waterless layer irrigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition and the content of the compound fertilizer in S3 are as follows: 40-50% of diammonium phosphate, 25-40% of farmyard manure and 15-30% of potassium chloride, wherein the diammonium phosphate contains 46% of P ₂ O ₅ And 18% N, the potassium chloride containing 60% K ₂ O。

3. The method for direct seeding and cultivating paddy rice in cold areas by time-sharing saturated water and waterless layer irrigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in S3 is slow-release urea, the nitrogen content of the slow-release urea is not less than 46%, and the usage amount is 18-20kg per mu.

4. The method for cultivating paddy rice in dry land by direct seeding in time-sharing saturated water and waterless layer irrigation in cold areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inverted trapezoidal concave grooves in S3 are distributed in wide and narrow rows, the distance between the wide rows is 35-40cm, the distance between the narrow rows is 20-25cm, the width of the bottom of each concave groove is 8-10cm, and the depth is 4.5-5cm.

5. The time-sharing saturated water-free layer irrigation cold-region rice dry direct seeding cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weeding specific operation in the daily field management of S4 is as follows: the closed herbicide is applied to soil after sowing, wherein the formulation of the herbicide for each mu comprises 250-300ml of 33% pendimethalin, 50-60ml of 90% butachlor and 12-15ml of 15% pyrazosulfuron-ethyl missible oil.

6. The method for cultivating paddy rice in dry land by direct seeding in time-sharing saturated water-free layer irrigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation mode in S4 is flood irrigation or sprinkling irrigation.

7. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for the rice in the cold region by the time-sharing saturated water waterless layer irrigation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the specific operations of seed selection and seed dressing are as follows:

seed selection: selecting rice seeds with full seeds, no awns and no brown rice by adopting a winnowing, specific gravity, unhairing or grain-brown separation method;

seed dressing: 10-12 days before sowing, 35% of thiamethoxam, 2.5% of fludioxonil and 7.5% of azoxystrobin are added according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a coating medicine, and then mixing the coating medicine and seeds according to a mass ratio of 2:750, and mixing in proportion.

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