CN115958296A - Welding forming method for AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting forming - Google Patents
Welding forming method for AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting forming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting, belonging to the technical field of additive manufacturing and welding; the technical problem that serious air hole defects exist in the interior of a welding joint when an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting is welded is solved. The welding forming method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: step 1, melting selective laser areas to be welded to form an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part, and carrying out annealing heat treatment before welding; step 2, assembling the joints to be welded in a butt joint mode; step 3, performing tack welding on the to-be-welded joint; and 4, after the positioning welding, performing formal welding on the welding head to be welded. The invention can realize high-quality welding forming of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by selective laser melting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing and welding, in particular to a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part by selective laser melting.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the field of aerospace. Different from the traditional processing method of reducing the material after forming in casting or forging and the like, the selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology has the technical characteristic of forming the material and the structure simultaneously. In addition, in the aspect of structure forming, the method has the technical advantages of realizing special complex structure forming which cannot be realized by the traditional processing method, such as a light dot matrix sandwich structure, a spatial curved surface porous structure, a complex cavity runner structure and the like.
Because the selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology has the technical advantages of high efficiency, low cost and batch manufacturing of special complex components, the selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology is more and more concerned and researched and applied in the aerospace field.
Although the selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology has the technical characteristic of integrated forming of a complex structure, the welding connection requirement of structural parts still faces under certain application occasions. Therefore, under the background that the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting in the selective laser area is more and more widely applied in the aerospace field, how to realize the subsequent high-quality connection of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting in the selective laser area becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
The welding method aims at the problem that serious air hole defects exist in the welding joint in the welding of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting in foreign countries. Therefore, the welding problem of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting is not effectively solved in the early stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting, so as to solve the technical problem that a serious air hole defect exists inside a welding joint when the existing selective laser melting forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member is welded.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, melting selective laser areas to be welded to form an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part, and carrying out annealing heat treatment before welding; the annealing temperature is 270-300 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.5-2.5 h;
step 2, assembling the joints to be welded in a butt joint mode;
the thickness delta of the to-be-welded joint is 2mm-4mm; when the heads to be welded adopt butt joint of the lock bottoms, the width of the lock bottoms is 3mm-5mm; the assembly clearance is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the assembly step difference is less than or equal to 0.15 delta;
step 3, performing tack welding on the to-be-welded joint;
when the joint to be welded is subjected to positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, the traveling track of a laser light source swings in an infinity shape, the welding speed is kept to be Vx along a welding line of a to-be-welded joint, and the to-be-welded joint is spirally advanced in the infinity shape track for welding by taking the welding line as a symmetric center in the direction vertical to the to-be-welded joint;
the welding technological parameters during the positioning welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser light source is 2mm-3mm, and the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz; the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm;
step 4, after the positioning welding, performing formal welding on a welding head to be welded;
when the joint to be welded is formally welded, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, the traveling track of a laser light source swings in an infinity shape, the welding speed is kept to be Vx along a welding line of a to-be-welded joint, and the welding is carried out in a spiral advancing mode by taking the welding line as a symmetrical center and in an infinity-shaped track in the direction vertical to the to-be-welded joint;
in formal welding, the swing amplitude is 2mm-3mm, the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz, the laser beam incidence angle is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000W-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
Further, in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, cleaning the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member to be welded before melting and forming the laser selective area.
Further, in step 1, the pre-weld cleaning process includes: and removing the surface oxide film by acid washing, and then polishing the area to be welded until the color of the body metal is exposed.
Further, in step 1, the pre-weld cleaning process further includes: after polishing, the to-be-welded head of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol.
Further, in step 3, during tack welding, high-purity argon with the purity of 99.99% or more is adopted for gas shielding.
Further, in step 4, during the main welding, high-purity argon gas with a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Further, in the step 3, the welding length of the positioning welding is 250mm-300mm.
Further, in step 4, after the actual welding, the internal quality of the weld is detected by X-ray.
Further, in step 2, the butt joint mode is lock bottom butt joint or direct butt joint.
Further, in step 3 and step 4, laser weaving welding is performed using a fiber laser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can realize the welding forming of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting and can obtain good forming internal quality and surface quality.
(2) The method can realize high-quality welding forming of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by selective laser melting, and the aluminum alloy structural member can be applied to a structure needing to be assembled and welded subsequently, so that the application range of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by selective laser melting is widened.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the drawings;
FIG. 1 is a laser welding swing trace of selective laser melting formed AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a lock bottom butt joint form of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy formed by selective laser melting provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a direct butt joint form of the selective laser melting formed AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
The invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, melting selective laser areas to be welded to form an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part, and carrying out annealing heat treatment before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 270-300 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.5-2.5 h to remove the thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, pre-weld cleaning is carried out on the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part which is to be welded and formed by selective laser melting, wherein the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: removing the surface oxide film by acid washing, polishing the area to be welded until the color of the body metal is exposed, ensuring no sharp-angled burr, and then cleaning the welding head to be welded of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting by absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the joints to be welded in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and 3;
in the step 2, the thickness delta of the to-be-welded joint is 2mm to 4mm; the invention controls the thickness of the welding head to be welded within the range of 2mm-4mm in order to avoid generating a large amount of air holes and ensure the welding quality of the welding joint; if the thickness of the to-be-welded joint is larger than 4mm, the defect of the air hole exceeds the standard, so that effective welding cannot be realized.
In the step 2, when the butt joint mode of the to-be-welded joint adopts the butt joint of the lock bottom, the width of the lock bottom is 3mm-5mm; the reason for controlling the width of the lock bottom within the range of 3mm-5mm is that the width and the thickness of the lock bottom are too narrow to play the roles of positioning and supporting a molten pool, and too wide to be convenient for assembly and waste of materials.
In the step 2, the assembly clearance is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the assembly step difference is less than or equal to 0.15 delta. When the assembly step is larger than 0.15 δ, efficient welding cannot be achieved.
Step 3, performing tack welding on a to-be-welded joint, wherein the welding length of the tack welding is 250mm-300mm;
in the step 3, when the joint to be welded is subjected to positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during the laser oscillation welding, the laser source travels in an infinity-shaped oscillation path, keeps the welding speed Vx along the weld line of the welding head, and spirally advances in an infinity-shaped path in a direction perpendicular to the welding head to perform welding with the weld line as a symmetrical center.
In the step 3, the welding process parameters during the tack welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of a laser light source is 2mm-3mm, and the infinity-shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 300Hz-350Hz is matched, the incident angle of a laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000W-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the diameter of a light spot is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During positioning welding, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency are strictly controlled within the range, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the air holes in the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. The incidence angle, the laser power, the welding speed, the spot diameter and the defocusing amount of the laser beam are strictly controlled within the ranges, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the tack welding, high-purity argon gas with a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, after the positioning welding, performing formal welding on a welding head to be welded;
in the step 4, the welding mode and welding process parameters of formal welding are the same as those of positioning welding; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is formally welded, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser oscillation welding, the laser light source travels in a "∞" shaped oscillation path, the welding speed is maintained at Vx along the weld joint of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding is performed by spirally advancing in a "∞" shaped path with the weld joint as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint.
During formal welding, the welding is carried out by adopting a '∞' shaped track with the swing amplitude of 2mm-3mm and the matching swing frequency of 300Hz in a spiral mode, so that the generation of internal pores of a welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the internal pores of the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000W-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the welding process parameters are welding process parameters with the spot diameter of 0.2-0.3 mm and the defocusing amount of +5mm, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or severe back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the main welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
In step 4, laser welding is performed using a fiber laser.
In the step 4, post-welding heat treatment is not required after welding; the welded joint has good formation after welding and no defects such as undercut, cracks, unfused and the like. The internal quality of the welding seam is detected by X-ray, and the requirement of a 1-grade joint specified in the QJ 20660 standard is met.
Compared with the prior art, the laser swing welding is adopted when the positioning welding and formal welding are carried out, so that the overproof of air holes in a welding joint is avoided, and the high-quality welding of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting is realized.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part by selective laser melting, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, melting selective laser areas to be welded to form an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part, and carrying out annealing heat treatment before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 270 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.5h, so as to remove the thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part to be welded formed by selective laser melting is subjected to pre-weld cleaning, and the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: removing the surface oxide film by acid washing, polishing the area to be welded until the color of the body metal is exposed, ensuring no sharp-angled burr, and then cleaning the welding head to be welded of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting by absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the joints to be welded in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3; the thickness delta of the to-be-welded joint is 2mm, when the butt joint mode of the welding joint adopts lock bottom butt joint, the width of the lock bottom is 3mm, the assembly gap is 0.1mm, and the assembly step difference is 0.15 delta.
Step 3, performing tack welding on a to-be-welded joint, wherein the welding length of the tack welding is 250mm;
when in positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser oscillation welding, the laser light source travels in a "∞" shaped oscillation path, the welding speed is maintained at Vx along the weld joint of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding is performed by spirally advancing in a "∞" shaped path with the weld joint as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint.
During positioning welding, the welding is carried out by adopting a '∞' shaped track spiral advance with the swing amplitude of 2mm and the matching swing frequency of 300Hz, so that the generation of internal air holes of a welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the internal air holes of the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80 degrees, the laser power is 3000W, the welding speed is 1500mm/min, the diameter of a light spot is 0.2mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or severe back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the tack welding, high-purity argon gas with a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, after the positioning welding, performing formal welding on the welding head to be welded, wherein the welding mode and the welding process parameters of the formal welding are the same as those of the positioning welding; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is formally welded, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser oscillation welding, the laser light source travels in a "∞" shaped oscillation path, the welding speed is maintained at Vx along the weld joint of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding is performed by spirally advancing in a "∞" shaped path with the weld joint as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint.
The welding technological parameters during formal welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser light source is 2mm, the laser light source is matched with infinity-shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 300Hz, the incident angle of the laser beam is 80 degrees, the laser power is 3000W, the welding speed is 1500, the diameter of a light spot is 0.2mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During formal welding, the welding is carried out by adopting a '∞' shaped track with the swing amplitude of 2mm-3mm and the matching swing frequency of 300Hz in a spiral mode, so that the generation of internal pores of a welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the internal pores of the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80 degrees, the laser power is 3000W, the welding speed is 1500mm/min, the welding process parameters are welding process parameters with the spot diameter of 0.2 and the defocusing amount of +5mm, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or severe back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the main welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
The welded joint has good formation and no defects such as undercut, cracks, unfused and the like. The internal quality of the X-ray detection weld joint meets the requirement of a grade 1 joint specified in the QJ 20660 standard.
Example 2
The invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part by selective laser melting, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, melting selective laser areas to be welded to form an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part, and carrying out annealing heat treatment before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 280 ℃, and the annealing time is 2.0h, so as to remove the thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part to be welded formed by selective laser melting is subjected to pre-weld cleaning, and the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: removing the surface oxide film by acid washing, polishing the area to be welded until the color of the body metal is exposed, ensuring no sharp-angled burr, and then cleaning the welding head to be welded of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting by absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the joints to be welded in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and 3; when the butt joint mode of the welding joint adopts the butt joint of the lock bottom, the width of the lock bottom is 4mm. The thickness delta of the to-be-welded joint is 3mm, the assembly gap is 0.09mm, and the assembly step difference is 0.14 delta.
Step 3, performing tack welding on a to-be-welded joint, wherein the welding length of the tack welding is 280mm;
in the step 3, when the joint to be welded is subjected to positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during the laser oscillation welding, the laser source travels in an infinity-shaped oscillation path, keeps the welding speed Vx along the weld line of the welding head, and spirally advances in an infinity-shaped path in a direction perpendicular to the welding head to perform welding with the weld line as a symmetrical center.
In the step 3, the welding process parameters during the tack welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of a laser light source is 2.2mm, the laser light source is matched with infinity-shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 320Hz, the incident angle of a laser beam is 83 degrees, the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 1600mm/min, the diameter of a light spot is 0.25mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During positioning welding, the welding is carried out by adopting a '∞' shaped track spiral advance with the swing amplitude of 2.2mm and the matching swing frequency of 320Hz, so that the generation of internal air holes of a welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the internal air holes of the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 83 degrees, the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 1600mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.25mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or severe back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the tack welding, high-purity argon gas with a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, after the positioning welding, performing formal welding on a welding head to be welded;
in the step 4, the welding mode and welding process parameters of formal welding are the same as those of positioning welding; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is formally welded, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser oscillation welding, the laser light source travels in a "∞" shaped oscillation path, the welding speed is maintained at Vx along the weld joint of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding is performed by spirally advancing in a "∞" shaped path with the weld joint as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint.
In the step 4, the welding process parameters during formal welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of a laser light source is 2.2mm, the laser light source is matched with infinity-shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 320Hz, the incident angle of a laser beam is 83 degrees, the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 1600mm/min, the diameter of a light spot is 0.25mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During formal welding, the welding is carried out by adopting the '∞' shaped track with the swing amplitude of 2.2mm and the matching swing frequency of 320Hz in a spiral mode, so that the generation of internal air holes of a welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the internal air holes of the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 83 degrees, the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 1600mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.25mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or severe back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the main welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
The welded joint has good formation and no defects such as undercut, cracks, unfused and the like. The internal quality of the X-ray detection weld joint meets the requirement of a grade 1 joint specified in the QJ 20660 standard.
Example 3
The invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, melting selective laser areas to be welded to form an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part, and carrying out annealing heat treatment before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the annealing time is 2.5h to remove the thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, pre-weld cleaning is carried out on the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part which is to be welded and formed by selective laser melting, wherein the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: removing the surface oxide film by acid washing, polishing the area to be welded until the color of the body metal is exposed, ensuring no sharp-angled burr, and then cleaning the welding head to be welded of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part formed by selective laser melting by absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the joints to be welded in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and 3;
in the step 2, the thickness delta of the head to be welded is 4mm; the invention controls the thickness of the welding head to be welded within the range of 4mm, in order to avoid generating a large amount of air holes and ensure the welding quality of the welding joint.
In step 2, when the butt joint mode of the welding joint adopts the butt joint of the lock bottom, the width of the lock bottom is 5mm. The welding depth of the to-be-welded joint is 5mm, the assembly gap is 0.07mm, and the assembly step difference is 0.10 delta.
Step 3, performing tack welding on a to-be-welded joint, wherein the welding length of the tack welding is 300mm;
in the step 3, when the joint to be welded is subjected to positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser oscillation welding, the laser light source travels in a "∞" shaped oscillation path, the welding speed is maintained at Vx along the weld joint of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding is performed by spirally advancing in a "∞" shaped path with the weld joint as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint.
In the step 3, the welding process parameters during the tack welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of a laser light source is 2mm, the laser light source is matched with infinity-shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 350Hz, the incident angle of a laser beam is 85 degrees, the laser power is 5500W, the welding speed is 1800mm/min, the diameter of a light spot is 0.3mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During positioning welding, the welding is carried out by adopting a '∞' shaped track spiral advance with the swing amplitude of 2mm and the matching swing frequency of 350Hz, so that the generation of internal air holes of a welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the internal air holes of the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 5500W, the welding speed is 1800mm/min, the welding process parameters of the spot diameter of 0.3mm and the defocusing amount of +5mm are adopted, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or severe back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the tack welding, high-purity argon gas with a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, after the positioning welding, formally welding a to-be-welded joint;
in the step 4, the welding mode and the welding process parameters of formal welding are the same as those of positioning welding; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is formally welded, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during the laser oscillation welding, the laser source travels in an infinity-shaped oscillation path, keeps the welding speed Vx along the weld line of the welding head, and spirally advances in an infinity-shaped path in a direction perpendicular to the welding head to perform welding with the weld line as a symmetrical center.
In the step 4, the welding process parameters during formal welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of a laser source is 2mm, the laser source is matched with the infinity-shaped track spiral type forward welding with the swing frequency of 350Hz, the incident angle of a laser beam is 85 degrees, the laser power is 5500W, the welding speed is 1800mm/min, the diameter of a light spot is 0.3mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During formal welding, the infinity-shaped track with the swing amplitude of 2mm and the swing frequency of 350Hz is adopted for spiral advancing for welding, so that the generation of internal air holes of a welding joint is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the internal air holes of the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the incidence angle of a laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 5500W, the welding speed is 1800mm/min, the welding process parameters are welding process parameters with the spot diameter of 0.3mm and the defocusing amount of +5mm, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or severe back penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the main welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Tensile sample 1 is directly manufactured from the laser selective area melting forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy welding pieces obtained in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, then 3 parts of laser selective area melting forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural parts are respectively prepared according to the methods of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, annealing heat treatment is carried out, then tensile sample 2 is manufactured, and the test results of the tensile strength are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 tensile strength data sheet for AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by selective laser melting
The result shows that the mechanical property of the welding joint can reach more than 85% of that of the base metal by adopting the welding method provided by the invention, and the welding does not need annealing heat treatment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part by selective laser melting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, melting selective laser areas to be welded to form an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part, and carrying out annealing heat treatment before welding; the annealing temperature is 270-300 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.5-2.5 h;
step 2, assembling the joints to be welded in a butt joint mode;
the thickness delta of the to-be-welded joint is 2mm to 4mm; when the heads to be welded adopt lock bottom butt joint, the width of the lock bottom is 3mm-5mm; the assembly clearance is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the assembly step difference is less than or equal to 0.15 delta;
step 3, performing tack welding on the to-be-welded joint;
when the joint to be welded is subjected to positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, a laser light source walking track swings in an infinity shape, the welding speed is kept to be Vx along a welding line of a to-be-welded joint, and the to-be-welded joint is spirally advanced in the infinity shape track for welding by taking the welding line as a symmetrical center in the direction vertical to the to-be-welded joint;
the welding technological parameters during the positioning welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser light source is 2mm-3mm, and the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz; the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm;
step 4, after the positioning welding, performing formal welding on a welding head to be welded;
when the joint to be welded is formally welded, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, the traveling track of a laser light source swings in an infinity shape, the welding speed is kept to be Vx along a welding line of a to-be-welded joint, and the welding is carried out in a spiral advancing mode by taking the welding line as a symmetrical center and in an infinity-shaped track in the direction vertical to the to-be-welded joint;
during formal welding, the swing amplitude is 2mm-3mm, the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz, the laser beam incidence angle is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000W-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
2. The welding forming method for the selective laser melting forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, after the annealing heat treatment, the selective laser melting forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural part to be welded is cleaned before welding.
3. The method for weld-forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser fusion according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1, the pre-weld cleaning process comprises: and removing the surface oxide film by acid washing, and then polishing the area to be welded until the color of the body metal is exposed.
4. The method for weld forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser fusion forming as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 1, the pre-weld cleaning process further comprises: after acid washing, the heads to be welded of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by selective laser melting are cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol.
5. The welding forming method for the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting forming according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, high-purity argon gas with purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding during tack welding.
6. The welding forming method for the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the gas shield is performed by using high purity argon gas with a purity of 99.99% or more during formal welding.
7. The method for weld-forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser fusion according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the weld length of the tack weld is 250mm to 300mm.
8. The welding forming method for the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting forming according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, after formal welding, the inner quality of the welding seam is detected by X-ray.
9. The welding forming method for the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting forming according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the butt joint mode is lock bottom butt joint or direct butt joint.
10. The method for weld-forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser fusion according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the steps 3 and 4, welding is performed using a fiber laser.
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