CN115958296B - Welding forming method for forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting - Google Patents
Welding forming method for forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting Download PDFInfo
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- CN115958296B CN115958296B CN202310213010.2A CN202310213010A CN115958296B CN 115958296 B CN115958296 B CN 115958296B CN 202310213010 A CN202310213010 A CN 202310213010A CN 115958296 B CN115958296 B CN 115958296B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting, belonging to the technical field of additive manufacturing and welding; solves the technical problem that serious air hole defects exist in the welding joint when the existing AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member is formed by selective laser melting. The welding forming method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out annealing heat treatment on an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting a laser selected area to be welded before welding; step 2, assembling the to-be-welded joint in a butt joint mode; step 3, performing positioning welding on the joint to be welded; and step 4, performing formal welding on the joint to be welded after the positioning welding. The invention can realize high-quality welding forming of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing and welding, in particular to a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the aerospace field. Different from the traditional processing method of 'material reduction' after forming by casting or forging and the like, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing technology has the technical characteristics of simultaneous forming of 'material' and 'structure'. In addition, in the aspect of structure forming, the method has the technical advantages of realizing special complex structure forming which cannot be realized by the traditional processing method, such as a light particle array sandwich structure, a space curved surface porous structure, a complex cavity runner structure and the like.
Because the laser selective melting additive manufacturing technology has the technical advantages of high efficiency, low cost and batch manufacturing of special complex components, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing technology is more and more focused and researched and applied in the aerospace field.
Although the laser selective melting additive manufacturing technology has the technical characteristics of integrated forming of complex structures, the welding connection requirement of structural parts is still met in certain application occasions. Therefore, under the background that the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural members formed by laser selective melting are increasingly widely applied in the aerospace field, how to realize subsequent high-quality connection of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural members formed by laser selective melting becomes a problem to be solved.
Aiming at the welding of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the laser selective area abroad, the problem of serious air hole defect exists in the welding joint. Therefore, the welding problem of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by laser selective melting is not effectively solved in the early stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a welding forming method for forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural members by laser selective melting, which is used for solving the technical problem that serious air hole defects exist in welding joints when the conventional AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural members are welded by laser selective melting.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out annealing heat treatment on an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting a laser selected area to be welded before welding; the annealing temperature is 270-300 ℃ and the annealing time is 1.5-2.5 h;
step 2, assembling the to-be-welded joint in a butt joint mode;
the thickness delta of the joint to be welded is 2mm-4 mm; when the joint to be welded adopts lock bottom butt joint, the lock bottom width is 3mm-5mm; the assembly gap is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the assembly step difference is less than or equal to 0.15 delta;
step 3, performing positioning welding on the joint to be welded;
when the joint to be welded is subjected to positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, the walking track of the laser light source swings in an 'infinity' shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is used as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint and spirally advances in the 'infinity' shape track to perform welding;
the welding technological parameters during the positioning welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser light source is 2mm-3mm, and the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz; the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm;
step 4, performing formal welding on the joint to be welded after positioning welding;
when the joint to be welded is subjected to formal welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, the walking track of the laser light source swings in an 'infinity' shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is used as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint and spirally advances in the 'infinity' shape track to perform welding;
in the formal welding process, the swing amplitude is 2mm-3mm, the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
Further, in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member to be welded is formed by melting the selected laser area, and then the welding process is carried out.
Further, in step 1, the pre-weld cleaning process includes: and (3) pickling to remove the surface oxide film, and polishing the to-be-welded area until the color of the metal body is exposed.
Further, in step 1, the pre-weld cleaning process further includes: and after polishing, the laser selective area is melted by absolute ethyl alcohol to form the to-be-welded joint of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member, and the to-be-welded joint is scrubbed.
Further, in the step 3, high-purity argon with purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding during the tack welding.
Further, in step 4, high purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding during main welding.
Further, in step 3, the welding length of the tack welding is 250mm to 300mm.
Further, in step 4, after the main welding, the internal quality of the weld is detected by X-rays.
Further, in step 2, the docking mode is lock bottom docking or direct docking.
Further, in step 3 and step 4, laser swing welding is performed using a fiber laser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can realize the welding forming of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting forming, and can obtain good forming internal quality and surface quality.
(2) The invention can realize high-quality welding forming of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting forming, and the aluminum alloy structural member can be applied to a structure to be assembled and welded subsequently, thereby widening the application range of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting forming.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the embodiments of the invention particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to designate like parts throughout the drawings;
FIG. 1 is a laser welding swing track of an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy formed by selective laser melting;
FIG. 2 is a view of a form of a lock bottom butt joint of a laser selective melt formed AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of a direct butt joint of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy formed by selective laser melting according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the invention, are used to explain the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 4:
step 1, carrying out annealing heat treatment on an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting a laser selected area to be welded before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 270-300 ℃ and the annealing time is 1.5-2.5 h to remove the thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, performing pre-weld cleaning on the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the selected laser area to be welded, wherein the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: and acid washing to remove the surface oxide film, polishing the to-be-welded area until the metal color of the body is exposed, ensuring no sharp corner burrs, and then wiping the to-be-welded joint of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the laser selected area with absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the to-be-welded joint in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and 3;
in the step 2, the thickness delta of the joint to be welded is 2mm-4 mm; the invention controls the thickness of the joint to be welded within the range of 2mm-4mm so as to avoid generating a large number of air holes and ensure the welding quality of the welding joint; if the thickness of the joint to be welded is greater than 4mm, the air hole defect is out of standard, and therefore effective welding cannot be achieved.
In the step 2, when the butt joint mode of the to-be-welded joint adopts the lock bottom butt joint, the width of the lock bottom is 3mm-5mm; the lock bottom width is controlled within the range of 3mm-5mm because the lock bottom width is too narrow in thickness, so that the lock bottom cannot play a role in positioning and supporting a molten pool, and is too wide to be convenient to assemble and waste materials.
In the step 2, the assembly clearance is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the assembly step difference is less than or equal to 0.15 delta. When the assembly step is greater than 0.15 δ, efficient welding cannot be achieved.
Step 3, performing positioning welding on the joint to be welded, wherein the welding length of the positioning welding is 250mm-300mm;
in the step 3, when the joint to be welded is subjected to localized welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
In the step 3, the welding process parameters during the tack welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser source is 2mm-3mm, the laser source is matched with the + -shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 300Hz-350Hz, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000W-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
When in positioning welding, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency are strictly controlled within the ranges, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is restrained, and the phenomenon that the air holes in the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. The incidence angle, the laser power, the welding speed, the spot diameter and the defocusing amount of the laser beam are strictly controlled within the ranges, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be obtained, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reverse penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is prevented from being influenced.
In the case of tack welding, high purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, performing formal welding on the joint to be welded after positioning welding;
in the step 4, the welding mode and the welding process parameters of the formal welding are the same as those of the fixed-position welding; the method comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is subjected to formal welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
During formal welding, the welding is performed by adopting the spiral advancing of an + -shaped track with the swinging amplitude of 2mm-3mm and the swinging frequency of 300Hz, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is restrained, and the phenomenon of exceeding the standard of the air holes in the welding joint is avoided. Meanwhile, the welding process parameters of the spot diameter of 0.2-0.3 mm and the defocus of +5mm are matched with the laser beam incidence angle of 80-85 degrees, the laser power of 3000W-5500W, the welding speed of 1500-1800 mm/min, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reverse penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welded joint is influenced.
In the actual welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more was used for gas shielding.
In the step 4, laser welding is performed using a fiber laser.
In the step 4, post-welding heat treatment is not required after welding; the welded joint is well formed after welding, and has no defects of undercut, crack, unfused and the like. And the internal quality of the welding line is detected by utilizing X rays, so that the 1-level joint requirement specified in the QJ 20660 standard is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts laser swing welding during the positioning welding and the formal welding, thereby avoiding the exceeding of the air holes in the welding joint and realizing the high-quality welding of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by the selective laser melting.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out annealing heat treatment on an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting a laser selected area to be welded before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 270 ℃ and the annealing time is 1.5h to remove the thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, performing pre-weld cleaning on the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the selected laser area to be welded, wherein the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: and acid washing to remove the surface oxide film, polishing the to-be-welded area until the metal color of the body is exposed, ensuring no sharp corner burrs, and then wiping the to-be-welded joint of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the laser selected area with absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the to-be-welded joint in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and 3; wherein, the thickness delta of the joint to be welded is 2mm, and when the butt joint mode of the welded joint adopts lock bottom butt joint, the lock bottom width is 3mm, the assembly clearance is 0.1mm, and the assembly step is 0.15 delta.
Step 3, performing positioning welding on the joint to be welded, wherein the welding length of the positioning welding is 250mm;
during positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
During positioning welding, the welding is performed by adopting the + 'infinity' shaped track with the swing amplitude of 2mm and the matching swing frequency of 300Hz to spirally advance, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is restrained, and the phenomenon that the air holes in the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the welding process parameters of 80 degrees of incidence angle of laser beam, 3000W of laser power, 1500mm/min of welding speed, 0.2mm of light spot diameter and +5mm of defocus are matched, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reflection caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welded joint is influenced.
In the case of tack welding, high purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, after the positioning welding, performing formal welding on the joint to be welded, wherein the welding mode and the welding technological parameters of the formal welding are the same as those of the positioning welding; the method comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is subjected to formal welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
The welding technological parameters during the formal welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser source is 2mm, the laser source is matched with the + -shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 300Hz, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80 degrees, the laser power is 3000W, the welding speed is 1500, the spot diameter is 0.2mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During formal welding, the welding is performed by adopting the spiral advancing of an + -shaped track with the swinging amplitude of 2mm-3mm and the swinging frequency of 300Hz, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is restrained, and the phenomenon of exceeding the standard of the air holes in the welding joint is avoided. Meanwhile, the welding process parameters of 80-degree incidence angle, 3000-W laser power, 1500-mm welding speed, 0.2-diameter light spot and +5mm defocus are matched, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be ensured, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reverse penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welded joint is influenced.
In the actual welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more was used for gas shielding.
The welded joint has good forming and no defects of undercut, crack, unfused and the like. The X-ray detection weld internal quality meets the 1-level joint requirements specified in the QJ 20660 standard.
Example 2
The invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 4:
step 1, carrying out annealing heat treatment on an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting a laser selected area to be welded before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 280 ℃, and the annealing time is 2.0h, so as to remove thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, performing pre-weld cleaning on the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the selected laser area to be welded, wherein the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: and acid washing to remove the surface oxide film, polishing the to-be-welded area until the metal color of the body is exposed, ensuring no sharp corner burrs, and then wiping the to-be-welded joint of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the laser selected area with absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the to-be-welded joint in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and 3; when the butt joint mode of the welding joint adopts the lock bottom butt joint, the width of the lock bottom is 4mm. The thickness delta of the joint to be welded is 3mm, the assembly clearance is 0.09mm, and the assembly step difference is 0.14 delta.
Step 3, performing positioning welding on the joint to be welded, wherein the welding length of the positioning welding is 280mm;
in the step 3, when the joint to be welded is subjected to localized welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
In the step 3, the welding process parameters during the tack welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser source is 2.2mm, the laser source is matched with the + -shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 320Hz, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 83 degrees, the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 1600mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.25mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During positioning welding, the welding is performed by adopting the + -shaped track spiral advancing with the swing amplitude of 2.2mm and the matching swing frequency of 320Hz, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is restrained, and the phenomenon that the air holes in the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the welding process parameters of 83 degrees of incidence angle of laser beam, 4500W of laser power, 1600mm/min of welding speed, 0.25mm of spot diameter and +5mm of defocus are matched, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be obtained, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reflection caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the case of tack welding, high purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, performing formal welding on the joint to be welded after positioning welding;
in the step 4, the welding mode and the welding process parameters of the formal welding are the same as those of the fixed-position welding; the method comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is subjected to formal welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
In the step 4, the welding process parameters during the main welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser source is 2.2mm, the laser source is matched with the + -shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 320Hz, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 83 degrees, the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 1600mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.25mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During formal welding, the welding is performed by adopting the + 'infinity' -shaped track spiral advancing with the swinging amplitude of 2.2mm and the swinging frequency of 320Hz, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is restrained, and the phenomenon that the air holes in the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the welding process parameters of 83 degrees of incidence angle of laser beam, 4500W of laser power, 1600mm/min of welding speed, 0.25mm of spot diameter and +5mm of defocus are matched, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be obtained, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reflection caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding joint is influenced.
In the actual welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more was used for gas shielding.
The welded joint has good forming and no defects of undercut, crack, unfused and the like. The X-ray detection weld internal quality meets the 1-level joint requirements specified in the QJ 20660 standard.
Example 3
The invention provides a welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting, which is shown in fig. 4 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out annealing heat treatment on an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting a laser selected area to be welded before welding; wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃ and the annealing time is 2.5 hours to remove the thermal stress;
in the step 1, after annealing heat treatment, performing pre-weld cleaning on the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the selected laser area to be welded, wherein the pre-weld cleaning process comprises the following steps: and acid washing to remove the surface oxide film, polishing the to-be-welded area until the metal color of the body is exposed, ensuring no sharp corner burrs, and then wiping the to-be-welded joint of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting the laser selected area with absolute ethyl alcohol.
Step 2, assembling the to-be-welded joint in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint mode is direct butt joint or bottom locking butt joint as shown in fig. 2 and 3;
in the step 2, the thickness delta of the joint to be welded is 4mm; the invention controls the thickness of the joint to be welded within the range of 4mm, so as to avoid generating a large number of air holes and ensure the welding quality of the welding joint.
In the step 2, when the butt joint mode of the welded joint adopts the lock bottom butt joint, the lock bottom width is 5mm. The welding depth of the joint to be welded is 5mm, the assembly gap is 0.07mm, and the assembly step difference is 0.10 delta.
Step 3, performing positioning welding on the joint to be welded, wherein the welding length of the positioning welding is 300mm;
in the step 3, when the joint to be welded is subjected to localized welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
In the step 3, the welding process parameters during the tack welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser source is 2mm, the laser source is matched with the + -shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 350Hz, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 85 degrees, the laser power is 5500W, the welding speed is 1800mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.3mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During positioning welding, the welding is performed by adopting the + 'infinity' shaped track with the swing amplitude of 2mm and the matching swing frequency of 350Hz to spirally advance, so that the generation of air holes in the welding joint is restrained, and the phenomenon that the air holes in the welding joint exceed the standard is avoided. Meanwhile, the welding process parameters of laser beam incidence angle of 80-85 degrees, laser power of 5500W, welding speed of 1800mm/min, light spot diameter of 0.3mm and defocusing amount of +5mm are matched, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be obtained, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reverse penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welded joint is influenced.
In the case of tack welding, high purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more is used for gas shielding.
Step 4, performing formal welding on the joint to be welded after positioning welding;
in the step 4, the welding mode and the welding process parameters of the formal welding are the same as those of the fixed-position welding; the method comprises the following steps: when the joint to be welded is subjected to formal welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; as shown in fig. 1, during laser swing welding, the travelling track of the laser light source swings in a "-infinity" shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is spirally advanced in a direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint with the welding line as a symmetrical center, so that welding is performed in a "-infinity" shape track.
In the step 4, the welding process parameters during the main welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser source is 2mm, the laser source is matched with the + -shaped track spiral forward welding with the swing frequency of 350Hz, the incidence angle of the laser beam is 85 degrees, the laser power is 5500W, the welding speed is 1800mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.3mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm.
During formal welding, the welding is performed by adopting the + 'infinity' shaped track with the swing amplitude of 2mm and the matching swing frequency of 350Hz to perform spiral advancing, thereby inhibiting the generation of air holes in the welding joint and avoiding the phenomenon of exceeding the standard of the air holes in the welding joint. Meanwhile, the welding process parameters of laser beam incidence angle of 80-85 degrees, laser power of 5500W, welding speed of 1800mm/min, light spot diameter of 0.3mm and defocusing amount of +5mm are matched, so that good forming internal quality and surface quality can be obtained, and the phenomenon of poor fusion or serious reverse penetration caused by too small or too large heat input is avoided, and the forming quality of a welded joint is influenced.
In the actual welding, high-purity argon gas having a purity of 99.99% or more was used for gas shielding.
The AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy welded parts obtained in example 1, example 2 and example 3 were subjected to selective laser melting to directly prepare tensile test specimen 1, 3 parts of selective laser melting to form AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural members were then prepared according to the methods of example 1, example 2 and example 3, and annealing heat treatment was performed, and tensile test specimen 2 was prepared, and the tensile strength test results are shown in table 1:
table 1 table of tensile strength data for AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural members formed by laser selective melt forming
The result shows that by adopting the welding method provided by the invention, the mechanical property of the welded joint can reach more than 85% of that of a base material, and annealing heat treatment is not needed in welding.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A welding forming method for forming an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective melting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out annealing heat treatment on an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member formed by melting a laser selected area to be welded before welding; the annealing temperature is 270-300 ℃ and the annealing time is 1.5-2.5 h;
step 2, assembling the to-be-welded joint in a butt joint mode;
the thickness delta of the to-be-welded joint is 2mm-4 mm; when the joint to be welded adopts lock bottom butt joint, the lock bottom width is 3mm-5mm; the assembly gap is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and the assembly step difference is less than or equal to 0.15 delta;
step 3, performing positioning welding on the joint to be welded;
when the joint to be welded is subjected to positioning welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, the walking track of the laser light source swings in an 'infinity' shape, the welding speed is kept to be Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is used as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint to perform welding in a spiral advancing mode through the 'infinity' track;
the welding technological parameters during the positioning welding are as follows: the swing amplitude of the laser light source is 2mm-3mm, and the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz; the incidence angle of the laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm;
during positioning welding, high-purity argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99% is adopted for gas protection;
step 4, performing formal welding on the joint to be welded after positioning welding;
when the joint to be welded is subjected to formal welding, the welding mode adopts laser swing welding; during laser swing welding, the walking track of the laser light source swings in an 'infinity' shape, the welding speed is kept at Vx along the welding line of the to-be-welded joint, and the welding line is used as a symmetrical center in the direction perpendicular to the to-be-welded joint and spirally advances in the 'infinity' shape track to perform welding;
in the formal welding process, the swing amplitude is 2mm-3mm, the swing frequency is 300Hz-350Hz, the incidence angle of a laser beam is 80-85 degrees, the laser power is 3000-5500W, the welding speed is 1500-1800 mm/min, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the defocusing amount is +5mm;
in the formal welding process, high-purity argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% is adopted for gas protection.
2. The welding forming method of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective fusion forming according to claim 1, wherein in said step 1, after annealing heat treatment, the welding forming method of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective fusion forming to be welded is subjected to pre-weld cleaning.
3. The welding forming method of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 1, the pre-weld cleaning process comprises: and (3) pickling to remove the surface oxide film, and polishing the to-be-welded area until the color of the metal body is exposed.
4. A welding forming method for forming AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by laser selective fusion forming as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, in said step 1, said pre-weld cleaning process further comprises: after pickling, the laser selective area is melted by absolute ethyl alcohol to form the to-be-welded joint of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member, and the to-be-welded joint is scrubbed.
5. The welding forming method of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the welding length of the tack welding is 250mm to 300mm.
6. The welding forming method of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step 4, after the main welding, the internal quality of the weld is detected by X-ray.
7. The welding forming method of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member by selective laser melting forming according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the butt joint mode is lock bottom butt joint or direct butt joint.
8. The welding forming method of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy structural member as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step 3 and the step 4, the welding is performed using a fiber laser.
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