CN110802323A - High-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
High-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110802323A CN110802323A CN201911109686.7A CN201911109686A CN110802323A CN 110802323 A CN110802323 A CN 110802323A CN 201911109686 A CN201911109686 A CN 201911109686A CN 110802323 A CN110802323 A CN 110802323A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-entropy alloy electric arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method which comprises the steps of adopting low-power fiber laser and MIG electric arc as composite heat sources, carrying out surfacing welding on a substrate according to a specified path by melting high-entropy alloy welding wires, and superposing the surfacing welding layers layer by layer to form a required high-entropy alloy structural member. The invention uses low-power pulse laser, so that the energy consumption is low and the electric energy is saved; the direct-current double-pulse MIG has the advantages of stable welding electric arc, stable molten drop transition, accurate and controllable heat input, good weld forming, low joint porosity and reliable mechanical property, can simultaneously achieve the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, high precision, high performance and the like, can meet the material increase manufacturing requirement of a complex structural part, in addition, increases the supplementary welding wire, further improves the stability of the welding process, greatly improves the forming speed and the precision and performance of a formed test piece, and reduces the generation of air holes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-entropy alloy additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for manufacturing high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive.
Background
The high-entropy alloy is a novel metal material, is formed by combining five or more metal elements according to an equimolar mass ratio or an approximately equimolar mass, has excellent mechanical properties at low temperature and high temperature, has high thermal stability and high-temperature oxidation resistance, and has wide application prospect.
Through the massive search of the applicant, the high-entropy alloy additive manufacturing method in the prior art is found to be the preparation method of the high-entropy alloy powder for laser cladding and the high-entropy alloy coating disclosed by the publication number CN103290404B, the technical scheme can easily obtain good coating quality after laser cladding, has various excellent performances of high hardness, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and greatly improves the process repeatability and operability, so that the high-entropy alloy is popularized and applied to the surface modification of the laser material. Or the AlCoCrCuFeSiTi high-entropy alloy prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, such as the preparation method of the AlCoCrCuFeSiTi high-entropy alloy disclosed by the publication number CN 104178680B. Or as disclosed in publication No. CN106894015B, the microhardness, abrasive wear resistance and erosion wear resistance of the coating are all greatly improved relative to the matrix, thereby meeting the actual production requirements and promoting the wide application of the high-entropy alloy in material surface engineering.
In summary, the preparation methods of high-entropy alloys in the prior art mainly include: the high-entropy alloy manufactured by the method has the advantages of coarse microstructure, defective structure, long production period and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive to solve the problem,
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for manufacturing a high-entropy alloy electric arc-laser composite additive comprises the steps of adopting low-power fiber laser and MIG electric arc as a composite heat source, carrying out surfacing welding on a substrate according to a specified path by melting a high-entropy alloy welding wire, and forming a required high-entropy alloy structural member by superposing surfacing welding layers layer by layer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, forming a composite heat source by low-power pulse laser and MIG electric arc, sending out a high-entropy alloy welding wire serving as a consumable electrode through an MIG welding gun in a composite mode that the electric arc is in front and the laser is in back, wherein the laser gun and the MIG welding gun are both positioned above a substrate, the included angle between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is α, and the distance between light wires is L;
s2, setting welding parameters and welding paths of a laser gun and an MIG welding gun, and performing welding control;
s3, selecting an arc starting point on the substrate, pre-introducing a protective gas, carrying out MIG arc starting, starting laser, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path;
s4, after the first layer of overlaying welding is completed, sequentially closing MIG electric arc and laser, stopping feeding protective gas, then increasing the laser-MIG composite welding gun by 1-4 mm, moving the laser-MIG composite welding gun to a preset position, staying for a certain time, and then performing a second layer of overlaying welding on the first welding layer;
s5, repeating the step S3 and the step S4 until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
Further, in the step Sl, an included angle α between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is 25-40 degrees, and the distance L between the light wires is 0-5 mm.
Further, in step S2, the laser power in the laser gun is set to be 100-10000W, the wire feeding speed is 1-10 m/min, the welding speed is 0.5-3 m/min, and the defocusing amount is 0-4.
Further, in the step S3 and the step S4, the shielding gas is pure argon or pure helium, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 10 to 30L/min.
Further, in step S4, the residence time is 30-180S.
Further, in the step Sl, the welding wire is a cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.6-2.4 mm.
Further, in step S1, the high-entropy alloy welding wire is fed out as a consumable electrode through the MIG welding gun, and a supplementary welding wire is additionally filled into the action region of the arc-laser composite heat source.
Further, the feeding position of the supplementary welding wire is fed from the front end of the overlaying direction or from the middle position of the electric arc and the laser beam or from the rear end of the overlaying direction, and the supplementary welding wire swings in the direction perpendicular to the welding direction according to the welding wire swing frequency of 0-100 HZ and the welding wire swing amplitude of 0-5 mm, so that good overlaying metal spreading after the supplementary welding wire is filled is ensured.
Further, the laser used was Nd: YAG laser, disc laser, fiber laser, semiconductor laser, or CO2 laser.
The beneficial technical effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1. by using the low-power pulse laser, the energy consumption is low, and the electric energy is saved; the direct current double pulse MIG has the advantages of stable welding arc, stable molten drop transition, accurate and controllable heat input, good weld formation, low joint porosity and reliable mechanical property.
2. The high-entropy alloy low-power pulse laser-double-pulse MIG composite heat source electric arc additive manufacturing method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, high precision, high performance and the like, and can meet the additive manufacturing requirements of complex structural parts.
3. In addition, the supplementary welding wire is added, the stability of the welding process is further improved, the element types contained in the used cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire are reduced, the processing difficulty is reduced, the forming speed and the precision and performance of a formed test piece are greatly improved, and the generation of air holes is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arc-laser composite additive manufacturing process for a high-entropy alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arc-laser hybrid additive manufacturing process for a high-entropy alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arc-laser hybrid additive manufacturing process for a high entropy alloy in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a welding wire for high entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic scanning path for arc-laser hybrid additive manufacturing of a high entropy alloy in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic scanning path for arc-laser hybrid additive manufacturing of a high entropy alloy in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic scanning path diagram of arc-laser composite additive manufacturing of a high-entropy alloy in an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a substrate; 2-high entropy alloy; 3-laser gun; 4-MIG welding gun; 5-supplement welding wire.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Other systems, methods, and/or features of the present embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims. Additional features of the disclosed embodiments are described in, and will be apparent from, the detailed description that follows.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms described above will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive, which comprises the following steps of:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a method for manufacturing a high-entropy alloy electric arc-laser composite additive comprises the steps of adopting low-power fiber laser and MIG electric arc as a composite heat source, carrying out surfacing welding on a substrate according to a specified path by melting a high-entropy alloy welding wire, and forming a required high-entropy alloy structural member by superposing surfacing welding layers layer by layer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, forming a composite heat source by low-power pulse laser and MIG electric arc, sending out a high-entropy alloy welding wire serving as a consumable electrode through an MIG welding gun in a composite mode that the electric arc is in front and the laser is in back, wherein the laser gun and the MIG welding gun are both positioned above a substrate, the included angle between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is α, and the distance between light wires is L;
specifically, in the step Sl, an included angle α between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is 25-40 degrees, the light wire interval L is 0-5 mm, and in the step Sl, the welding wire is a cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.6-2.4 mm.
In step S1, the high-entropy alloy welding wire is fed out as a consumable electrode through a MIG welding gun, and a supplementary welding wire is additionally filled into an action area of the arc-laser composite heat source.
The feeding position of the supplementary welding wire is fed from the front end of the surfacing direction or from the middle position of the electric arc and the laser beam or from the rear part of the surfacing direction, and the supplementary welding wire swings in the direction perpendicular to the welding direction according to the welding wire swing frequency of 0-100 HZ and the welding wire swing amplitude of 0-5 mm, so that good surfacing metal spreading after the supplementary welding wire is filled is ensured.
S2, setting welding parameters and welding paths of a laser gun and an MIG welding gun, and performing welding control;
specifically, in step S2, the laser power in the laser gun is set to be 100-10000W, the wire feeding speed is 1-10 m/min, the welding speed is 0.5-3 m/min, and the defocusing amount is 0-4.
S3, selecting an arc starting point on the substrate, pre-introducing a protective gas, carrying out MIG arc starting, starting laser, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path;
s4, after the first layer of overlaying welding is completed, sequentially closing MIG electric arc and laser, stopping feeding protective gas, then increasing the laser-MIG composite welding gun by 1-4 mm, moving the laser-MIG composite welding gun to a preset position, staying for a certain time, and then performing a second layer of overlaying welding on the first welding layer;
specifically, in the step S3 and the step S4, the shielding gas is pure argon or pure helium, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 10 to 30L/min. In step S4, the residence time is 30-180S.
S5, repeating the step S3 and the step S4 until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
The laser used was Nd: YAG laser, disc laser, fiber laser, semiconductor laser, or CO2 laser.
Example two:
a method for manufacturing a high-entropy alloy electric arc-laser composite additive comprises the steps of adopting low-power fiber laser and MIG electric arc as a composite heat source, carrying out surfacing welding on a substrate according to a specified path by melting a high-entropy alloy welding wire, and forming a required high-entropy alloy structural member by superposing surfacing welding layers layer by layer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, forming a composite heat source by low-power pulse laser and MIG electric arc, sending out a high-entropy alloy welding wire serving as a consumable electrode through an MIG welding gun in a composite mode that the electric arc is in front and the laser is in back, wherein the laser gun and the MIG welding gun are both positioned above a substrate, the included angle between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is α, and the distance between light wires is L;
specifically, in the step Sl, an included angle α between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is 25-40 degrees, the light wire interval L is 0-5 mm, and in the step Sl, the welding wire is a cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.6-2.4 mm.
In step S1, the high-entropy alloy welding wire is sent out as a consumable electrode by a MIG welding gun, and a supplementary welding wire is additionally filled into an action region of the arc-laser composite heat source, and the melting of the filler welding wire is realized by the heat of the composite heat source and the heat of the molten pool, thereby consuming the surplus heat in the welding process of the composite heat source, improving the welding deposition efficiency without increasing the arc power, improving the metal structure performance of the weld joint, reducing the damage of the welding heat input to the material, and reducing the welding deformation.
The feeding position of the supplementary welding wire is fed from the front end of the surfacing direction or from the middle position of the electric arc and the laser beam or from the rear part of the surfacing direction, and the supplementary welding wire swings in the direction perpendicular to the welding direction according to the welding wire swing frequency of 0-100 HZ and the welding wire swing amplitude of 0-5 mm, so that good surfacing metal spreading after the supplementary welding wire is filled is ensured.
S2, setting welding parameters and welding paths of a laser gun and an MIG welding gun, and performing welding control;
specifically, in step S2, the laser power in the laser gun is set to be 100-10000W, the wire feeding speed is 1-10 m/min, the welding speed is 0.5-3 m/min, and the defocusing amount is 0-4.
S3, selecting an arc starting point on the substrate, pre-introducing a protective gas, carrying out MIG arc starting, starting laser, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path;
s4, after the first layer of overlaying welding is completed, sequentially closing MIG electric arc and laser, stopping feeding protective gas, then increasing the laser-MIG composite welding gun by 1-4 mm, moving the laser-MIG composite welding gun to a preset position, staying for a certain time, and then performing a second layer of overlaying welding on the first welding layer;
specifically, in the step S3 and the step S4, the shielding gas is pure argon or pure helium, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 10 to 30L/min. In step S4, the residence time is 30-180S.
S5, repeating the step S3 and the step S4 until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
The laser used was Nd: YAG laser, disc laser, fiber laser, semiconductor laser, or CO2 laser.
The specific implementation process according to the steps is as follows: before the additive manufacturing is started, the stainless steel base material is firstly polished by a steel brush and then cleaned by ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then laser-arc additive manufacturing is carried out. As shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, the scanning path of the laser-arc hybrid welding gun is divided into S-shaped scanning along the X-axis, S-shaped scanning along the Y-axis, and outward spiral scanning along the plane O-shape. The welding wire is a cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire and comprises a supplementary welding wire, and is shown in figure 3. Setting welding parameters and welding paths of a laser gun and an MIG welding gun to perform welding control; selecting an arc starting point on a substrate, introducing protective gas in advance, carrying out MIG arc starting, starting laser, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path; after the first layer of overlaying welding is finished, sequentially closing MIG electric arc and laser, stopping feeding protective gas, then increasing the laser-MIG composite welding gun by 1-4 mm, moving the laser-MIG composite welding gun to a preset position, staying for a certain time, and then performing a second layer of overlaying welding process on the first welding layer; and repeating the steps until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
Example three:
a method for manufacturing a high-entropy alloy electric arc-laser composite additive comprises the steps of adopting low-power fiber laser and MIG electric arc as a composite heat source, carrying out surfacing welding on a substrate according to a specified path by melting a high-entropy alloy welding wire, and forming a required high-entropy alloy structural member by superposing surfacing welding layers layer by layer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, forming a composite heat source by low-power pulse laser and MIG electric arc, sending out a high-entropy alloy welding wire serving as a consumable electrode through an MIG welding gun in a composite mode that the electric arc is in front and the laser is in back, wherein the laser gun and the MIG welding gun are both positioned above a substrate, the included angle between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is α, and the distance between light wires is L;
specifically, in the step Sl, an included angle α between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is 25-40 degrees, the light wire interval L is 0-5 mm, and in the step Sl, the welding wire is a cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.6-2.4 mm.
In step S1, the high-entropy alloy welding wire is sent out as a consumable electrode by a MIG welding gun, and a supplementary welding wire is additionally filled into an action region of the arc-laser composite heat source, and the melting of the filler welding wire is realized by the heat of the composite heat source and the heat of the molten pool, thereby consuming the surplus heat in the welding process of the composite heat source, improving the welding deposition efficiency without increasing the arc power, improving the metal structure performance of the weld joint, reducing the damage of the welding heat input to the material, and reducing the welding deformation.
The feeding position of the supplementary welding wire is fed from the front end of the surfacing direction or from the middle position of the electric arc and the laser beam or from the rear part of the surfacing direction, and the supplementary welding wire swings in the direction perpendicular to the welding direction according to the welding wire swing frequency of 0-100 HZ and the welding wire swing amplitude of 0-5 mm, so that good surfacing metal spreading after the supplementary welding wire is filled is ensured.
S2, setting welding parameters and welding paths of a laser gun and an MIG welding gun, and performing welding control;
specifically, in step S2, the laser power in the laser gun is set to be 100-10000W, the wire feeding speed is 1-10 m/min, the welding speed is 0.5-3 m/min, and the defocusing amount is 0-4.
S3, selecting an arc starting point on the substrate, pre-introducing a protective gas, carrying out MIG arc starting, starting laser, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path;
s4, after the first layer of overlaying welding is completed, sequentially closing MIG electric arc and laser, stopping feeding protective gas, then increasing the laser-MIG composite welding gun by 1-4 mm, moving the laser-MIG composite welding gun to a preset position, staying for a certain time, and then performing a second layer of overlaying welding on the first welding layer;
specifically, in the step S3 and the step S4, the shielding gas is pure argon or pure helium, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 10 to 30L/min. In step S4, the residence time is 30-180S.
S5, repeating the step S3 and the step S4 until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
The laser used was Nd: YAG laser, disc laser, fiber laser, semiconductor laser, or CO2 laser.
The specific implementation process according to the steps is as follows: before the additive manufacturing is started, the stainless steel base material is firstly polished by a steel brush and then cleaned by ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then laser-arc additive manufacturing is carried out. As shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, the scanning path of the laser-arc hybrid welding gun is divided into S-shaped scanning along the X-axis, S-shaped scanning along the Y-axis, and outward spiral scanning along the plane O-shape. The welding wire is a cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire and comprises a supplementary welding wire, and is shown in figure 3. Setting welding parameters and welding paths of a laser gun and an MIG welding gun to perform welding control; selecting an arc starting point on a substrate, introducing protective gas in advance, carrying out MIG arc starting, starting laser, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path; after the first layer of overlaying welding is finished, sequentially closing MIG electric arc and laser, stopping feeding protective gas, then increasing the laser-MIG composite welding gun by 1-4 mm, moving the laser-MIG composite welding gun to a preset position, staying for a certain time, and then performing a second layer of overlaying welding process on the first welding layer; and repeating the steps until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
The supplementary welding wires are added, so that the element types of the cable-type high-entropy alloy welding wires can be correspondingly reduced, the supplementary welding wires are added in the surfacing process, the processing difficulty of the cable-type welding wires is reduced, and then the supplementary welding wires are used for completing element supplement of the high-entropy alloy in the surfacing process; through having increased supplementary welding wire, can make the build-up welding process become simpler easily to control, the welding wire that stretches out simultaneously in the compound welder of follow laser-MIG can select the cable formula high entropy alloy welding wire that the fusing point is low, can melt fast and make the regional temperature of action of compound heat source heat rise fast to melt fast and supplement the welding wire, can reduce build-up welding time by a wide margin, can make the element kind of high entropy alloy abundanter simultaneously.
Example one: the test equipment adopts a paraxial composite welding system consisting of fiber laser and consumable electrode electric arc. In the test process, a laser beam vertically enters a workpiece, the included angle between a welding gun and the laser beam is 30 degrees, and the welding is carried out in a mode that an electric arc is in front and the laser is in back in a combined welding mode, as shown in figure 1. The arc output adopts integrated control, namely the wire feeding speed controls the welding current and voltage. And in the welding process, the manipulator is adopted to drive the composite welding head to move to realize welding. The welding wire is a CuCoCrFeNi series cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, the base material is stainless steel, the shielding gas is pure argon, and the gas flow is 25L/min. The welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2KW, the welding speed is 1.8m/min, the wire feeding speed is 4m/min, the spacing between the bare wires is 1mm, the defocusing amount is 0, and the wire feeding speed of the filler wire is 7.0 m/min.
Polishing the stainless steel substrate by using a steel brush, and cleaning by using ethanol to remove surface impurities. Setting welding process parameters, starting equipment, scanning a laser-MIG composite welding gun along an X-axis S-shaped scanning path, synchronously retreating the supplementary welding wire along the advancing direction of the laser-MIG composite welding gun scanning path on the laser-MIG composite welding gun scanning path, and performing first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path; after the first layer of overlaying welding is finished, the MIG electric arc and the laser are sequentially closed, then the protective gas is stopped being sent, then the laser-MIG composite welding gun is lifted by 1mm, the laser-MIG composite welding gun is moved to a preset position, and after the laser-MIG composite welding gun stays for a certain time, the second layer of overlaying welding is carried out on the first welding layer; and repeating the steps until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
Example two: the test equipment adopts a paraxial composite welding system consisting of fiber laser and consumable electrode electric arc. In the test process, a laser beam vertically enters a workpiece, the included angle between a welding gun and the laser beam is 30 degrees, and the welding is carried out in a mode that an electric arc is in front and the laser is in back in a combined welding mode, as shown in figure 2. The arc output adopts integrated control, namely the wire feeding speed controls the welding current and voltage. And in the welding process, the manipulator is adopted to drive the composite welding head to move to realize welding. The welding wire is a CuCoCrFeNiAl series cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, the base material is stainless steel, the shielding gas is pure argon, and the gas flow is 25L/min. The welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2.4KW, the welding speed is 1.5m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3.5m/min, the spacing between the bare wires is 1mm, the defocusing amount is 0, and the wire feeding speed of the filler wire is 6.0 m/min.
Polishing the stainless steel substrate by using a steel brush, and cleaning by using ethanol to remove surface impurities. Setting welding process parameters, starting equipment, carrying out outward spiral scanning on a scanning path of a laser-MIG (metal-inert gas) composite welding gun along a plane in an O shape, positioning the supplementary welding wire at one side of the scanning path of the laser-MIG composite welding gun and synchronously moving along the scanning path of the laser-MIG composite welding gun, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path; after the first layer of overlaying welding is finished, the MIG electric arc and the laser are sequentially closed, then the protective gas is stopped being sent, then the laser-MIG composite welding gun is lifted by 1mm, the laser-MIG composite welding gun is moved to a preset position, and after the laser-MIG composite welding gun stays for a certain time, the second layer of overlaying welding is carried out on the first welding layer; and repeating the steps until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
Example three: the test equipment adopts a paraxial composite welding system consisting of fiber laser and consumable electrode electric arc. In the test process, a laser beam vertically enters a workpiece, the included angle between a welding gun and the laser beam is 30 degrees, and the welding is carried out in a mode that an electric arc is in front and the laser is in back in a combined welding mode, as shown in figure 1. The arc output adopts integrated control, namely the wire feeding speed controls the welding current and voltage. And in the welding process, the manipulator is adopted to drive the composite welding head to move to realize welding. The welding wire is a CuCoCrFeNi series cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, the base material is stainless steel, the shielding gas is pure argon, and the gas flow is 25L/min. The welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2KW, the welding speed is 1.8m/min, the wire feeding speed is 4m/min, the spacing between the bare wires is 1mm, the defocusing amount is 0, and the wire feeding speed of the filler wire is 7.0 m/min.
Polishing the stainless steel substrate by using a steel brush, and cleaning by using ethanol to remove surface impurities. Setting welding process parameters, starting equipment, scanning a laser-MIG composite welding gun along a Y-axis S-shaped scanning path, synchronously advancing the supplementary welding wire along the advancing direction of the laser-MIG composite welding gun scanning path after the supplementary welding wire is positioned on the same straight line of the laser-MIG composite welding gun scanning path, and performing first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path; after the first layer of overlaying welding is finished, the MIG electric arc and the laser are sequentially closed, then the protective gas is stopped being sent, then the laser-MIG composite welding gun is lifted by 1mm, the laser-MIG composite welding gun is moved to a preset position, and after the laser-MIG composite welding gun stays for a certain time, the second layer of overlaying welding is carried out on the first welding layer; and repeating the steps until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
Compared with the traditional single laser or single MIG composite welding, the welding material increase speed is increased by more than 1/3, the welding deformation is smaller, the forming is attractive, the metallurgical bonding is good, the integral roughness is lower, the supplementary welding wire is added for synchronous cladding, the internal pore defect of a formed sample is greatly reduced, the overlaying deformation obtained by the moving mode of the supplementary welding wire of the example I and the example III is smaller, the porosity of the example I is reduced from about 1.2% to less than 0.1%, the tensile strength is improved by about 18%, the porosity of the example II is reduced from about 1.3% to about 0.1%, and the tensile strength is improved by about 15%.
In conclusion, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive, which uses low-power pulse laser, has low energy consumption and saves electric energy; the direct-current double-pulse MIG has the advantages of stable welding electric arc, stable molten drop transition, accurate and controllable heat input, good weld forming, low joint porosity and reliable mechanical property.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to various embodiments, it should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. That is, the methods, systems, and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, in alternative configurations, the methods may be performed in an order different than that described, and/or various components may be added, omitted, and/or combined. Moreover, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations, as different aspects and elements of the configurations may be combined in a similar manner. Further, elements therein may be updated as technology evolves, i.e., many elements are examples and do not limit the scope of the disclosure or claims.
Specific details are given in the description to provide a thorough understanding of the exemplary configurations including implementations. However, configurations may be practiced without these specific details, e.g., well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the configurations. This description provides example configurations only, and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claims. Rather, the foregoing description of the configurations will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing the described techniques. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure.
It is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope of this invention. The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for manufacturing the high-entropy alloy electric arc-laser composite additive is characterized by comprising the following steps of adopting low-power fiber laser and MIG electric arc as composite heat sources, carrying out surfacing welding on a substrate according to a specified path by melting a high-entropy alloy welding wire, and forming a required high-entropy alloy structural member by superposing surfacing welding layers layer by layer, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, forming a composite heat source by low-power pulse laser and MIG electric arc, sending out a high-entropy alloy welding wire serving as a consumable electrode through an MIG welding gun in a composite mode that the electric arc is in front and the laser is in back, wherein the laser gun and the MIG welding gun are both positioned above a substrate, the included angle between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is α, and the distance between light wires is L;
s2, setting welding parameters and welding paths of a laser gun and an MIG welding gun, and performing welding control;
s3, selecting an arc starting point on the substrate, pre-introducing a protective gas, carrying out MIG arc starting, starting laser, and carrying out first-layer surfacing according to a preset surfacing path;
s4, after the first layer of overlaying welding is completed, sequentially closing MIG electric arc and laser, stopping feeding protective gas, then increasing the laser-MIG composite welding gun by 1-4 mm, moving the laser-MIG composite welding gun to a preset position, staying for a certain time, and then performing a second layer of overlaying welding on the first welding layer;
s5, repeating the step S3 and the step S4 until the additive manufacturing process of the high-entropy alloy structural part is completed.
2. The method for manufacturing the high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step Sl, an included angle α between the laser gun and the MIG welding gun is 25-40 degrees, and a light filament distance L is 0-5 mm.
3. A method for high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in step S2, the laser power in the laser gun is set to be 100-10000W, the wire feeding speed is set to be 1-10 m/min, the welding speed is set to be 0.5-3 m/min, and the defocusing amount is set to be 0-4.
4. The method for high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in steps S3 and S4, the shielding gas is pure argon or pure helium, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 10-30L/min.
5. The method for high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in step S4, the residence time is 30-180S.
6. The method for manufacturing the high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive, as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the step Sl, the welding wire is a cable type high-entropy alloy welding wire, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.6-2.4 mm.
7. A method of high entropy alloy arc-laser hybrid additive manufacturing as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein in step S1 the high entropy alloy wire is fed as a consumable electrode through a MIG welding gun and a supplementary wire is additionally fed to the active region of the arc-laser hybrid heat source.
8. A high-entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a feeding position of the supplementary welding wire is fed from a front end in a surfacing direction or from a middle position between an arc and a laser beam or from a rear end in the surfacing direction, and the supplementary welding wire is oscillated according to a welding wire oscillation frequency of 0-100 HZ and a welding wire oscillation amplitude of 0-5 mm in a direction perpendicular to a welding direction so as to ensure good spreading of surfacing metal after the supplementary welding wire is filled.
9. A method of high entropy alloy arc-laser composite additive manufacturing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the laser used is Nd: YAG laser, disc laser, fiber laser, semiconductor laser, or CO2 laser.
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Application publication date: 20200218 |