CN115008017A - MIG electric arc double-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method for scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool - Google Patents

MIG electric arc double-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method for scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115008017A
CN115008017A CN202210611168.0A CN202210611168A CN115008017A CN 115008017 A CN115008017 A CN 115008017A CN 202210611168 A CN202210611168 A CN 202210611168A CN 115008017 A CN115008017 A CN 115008017A
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wire
laser
scanning
mig
arc
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王义朋
李红
栗卓新
张禹
李国栋
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

A MIG arc twin-wire low heat input additive manufacturing method for a scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. The invention adopts MIG electric arc as main heat source to melt wire material and form a molten pool, and simultaneously assists cold wire, thereby improving deposition efficiency and reducing heat input; scanning laser is used as a control heat source to dynamically shape the shape and size of a molten pool, so that the precise control of the forming width is realized, the forming precision is improved, and finally the additive manufacturing with high deposition efficiency, high performance and high precision is realized.

Description

MIG electric arc double-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method for scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool
The technical field is as follows: the invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a MIG (metal-inert gas) arc twin-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method for a scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool.
Background art: the additive manufacturing technology has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, weaponry, nuclear power and the like. The additive manufacturing technology can be classified into arc additive manufacturing (MIG arc, TIG arc, plasma arc, and the like), laser additive manufacturing, electron beam additive manufacturing, and the like according to the type of the heat source, and each process method has respective advantages and disadvantages. The MIG arc heat source has high deposition efficiency, but has high heat input, large grain structure inside the additive component and low forming precision; the laser heat source has the advantage of high forming precision, but the deposition efficiency is low, and the processing period is long when a large-size component is manufactured.
The laser-electric arc composite heat source additive manufacturing technology introduces two heat sources of laser and electric arc into the additive manufacturing process, is expected to fully exert the advantages of high forming precision of the laser heat source and high deposition efficiency of the electric arc heat source, solves a plurality of defects of single heat source additive manufacturing, and widens the application space of the additive manufacturing technology.
In the existing laser-arc composite heat source additive manufacturing method, patent CN2019(11)086297.7 proposes an arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method, which adopts an arc fuse to perform layer-by-layer deposition, and utilizes scanning laser to perform post-heat treatment on a solid deposition layer, so that coarse columnar crystals of a formed part are improved, and the anisotropy of an additive component is reduced. The limitations are that the deposition efficiency of additive manufacturing is not improved, the forming size of a molten pool is not controlled, and the improvement of the performance of a formed component is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation of the prior art, the invention provides a MIG electric arc double-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method of a scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool, wherein a MIG electric arc is used as a main heat source to melt wires and form the molten pool, and meanwhile, cold wires are assisted, so that the deposition efficiency is improved, and the heat input is reduced; scanning laser is used as a control heat source to dynamically shape the shape and size of a molten pool, so that the precise control of the forming width is realized, the forming precision is improved, and finally the additive manufacturing with high deposition efficiency, high performance and high precision is realized.
The device structure adopted by the invention comprises: the device comprises a scanning galvanometer (1), a welding gun (3), a MIG welding wire (4), a cold wire (9), a substrate (11), a numerical control motion mechanism (12), a laser (13), a scanning galvanometer controller (14), an upper computer controller (15), a PLC (programmable logic controller) controller (16), a MIG power supply (17) and a wire feeder (18); wherein: the upper computer controller (15) is electrically connected with the PLC (16) and is used for transmitting arc current, MIG welding wire feeding speed, arc starting/arc ending, cold wire feeding speed and wire feeding start/stop signals; the upper computer controller (15) is electrically connected with the scanning galvanometer controller (14) and is used for transmitting laser power, laser triggering/stopping, laser scanning amplitude, scanning speed and scanning starting/stopping signals; the upper computer controller (15) is electrically connected with the numerical control movement mechanism (12) and is used for transmitting movement speed and movement start/stop signals; the PLC controller (16) is electrically connected with the scanning galvanometer controller (14) and is used for transmitting scanning start/stop signals; the PLC (16) is electrically connected with the MIG power supply (17) and is used for transmitting arc current, the wire feeding speed of the MIG welding wire and an arc starting/arc stopping signal; the PLC (16) is electrically connected with the wire feeder (18) and is used for transmitting cold wire feeding speed and wire feeding start/stop signals; the scanning galvanometer controller (14) is electrically connected with the scanning galvanometer (1) and is used for transmitting laser scanning amplitude, scanning speed and scanning start/stop signals; the scanning galvanometer controller (14) is electrically connected with the laser (13) and is used for transmitting laser power and laser triggering/stopping signals; the laser (13) is connected with the scanning galvanometer (1) through an optical fiber cable and is used for transmitting laser; the anode of the MIG power supply (17) is connected with the welding gun (3), and the cathode of the MIG power supply (17) is connected with the substrate (11); the cold wire (9) is connected with the wire feeder (18) in a matching way; the base plate (11) is positioned on the numerical control movement mechanism (12), and the base plate (11) is driven to move by the numerical control movement mechanism (12);
device positional relationship: a scanning galvanometer (1), a welding gun (3) and a corresponding wire feeding nozzle used for feeding a cold wire (9) in a wire feeder (18) are respectively fixed on a z-axis platform of a numerical control movement mechanism (12) through a bracket; wherein, the scanning galvanometer (1) is positioned on the substrate (11) at a certain distance D right above a molten pool s ，D s Determined according to the desired laser defocus (laser beam diameter), D s 200-300 mm; the welding gun (3) is positioned in front of the scanning galvanometer (1) and forms a certain included angle alpha with the horizontal plane, and the alpha is 30-70 degrees; the cold wire (9) can be fed in laterally or forwards, and when the lateral wire feeding is adopted, the wire feeding nozzle is positioned on the side surface of the MIG welding gun and forms an included angle of 5-70 degrees with the horizontal plane; when forward wire feeding is adopted; the wire feeding nozzle is positioned in front of the welding gun (3) and forms a certain included angle beta with the horizontal plane, beta is 5-45 degrees, beta is smaller than alpha, or cold wires can be selected not to be added according to actual conditions, and the laser, the MIG welding wire (4) in the welding gun (3) and the wire feeding nozzle are positioned on the same vertical plane.
Device parameter ranges: the laser power is 500-8000W, and the diameter D of the laser beam L 0.5-5 mm; laser scanning amplitude W z Is 230mm, laser scanning speed V z 100-2000 mm/s, the distance D between the center of the laser beam and the center of the arc m ，(D L -D A )/2<D m <(D L +D A )/2，D A Is the arc diameter; the arc current is 50-400A, the MIG welding wire is in a round wire shape, the diameter of the MIG welding wire is 0.6-2.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed of the MIG welding wire is 0.5-20 m/min; the cold wire is in a shape of a round wire or a belt, the diameter of the round wire is 0.6-2.0 mm, the width of the belt-shaped wire is 0.5-2 mm, the thickness of the belt-shaped wire is 0.2-0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed of the cold wire is 0.5-10 m/min; the protective gas comprises 99.99% pure argon gas, and the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min.
The method comprises the following steps: in the additive manufacturing process, an electric arc is ignited between a MIG welding wire and a substrate (the first layer) or a previous deposition layer (two or more layers), the MIG welding wire is preheated under the action of resistance heat, a hot wire and a cold wire (9) of the MIG welding wire which are preheated are synchronously fed into an electric arc space, the electric arc melts the wire material and forms a molten drop, and the molten drop is transited to locally-melted deposition layer metal and forms a molten pool; the scanning laser acts on the rear of the arc for a certain distance (D) m ) The surface of the molten pool of (1) with a certain width W along the width direction of the molten pool z And velocity V z And (4) performing reciprocating scanning, and dynamically shaping the shape and size of the molten pool by changing the flowing state of the molten pool to obtain the target forming width. The invention gives full play to the advantages of high deposition efficiency of the arc heat source, high forming precision of the scanning laser heat source and quick dynamic response, on one hand, the energy utilization rate of the filling material to the arc heat source can be increased through the auxiliary cold wire, the deposition efficiency is effectively improved, and the manufacturing period is shortened; meanwhile, the heat input of the electric arc to the deposition layer is reduced, the grain structure is favorably refined, the thermal stress is reduced, and the mechanical property of the material increase component is improved; on the other hand, the scanning laser heat source is adopted to dynamically shape the shape and the size of the molten pool, so that the accurate forming width is obtained, the forming precision is improved, and the high-deposition efficiency, high-performance and high-precision additive manufacturing is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a MIG arc twin wire low heat input additive manufacturing process with scanning laser assisted shaping of the molten pool;
FIG. 2: a schematic structural diagram of a MIG arc twin-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method system for scanning a laser-assisted shaping molten pool;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of a MIG arc twin-wire low heat input additive manufacturing method for scanning a laser-assisted shaping molten pool;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The implementation process comprises the following steps: a method for manufacturing the dual-wire low-heat-input additive of MIG arc by using a scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool includes such steps as starting laser, scanning galvanometer, MIG power supply, wire feeder and digital control mechanism, introducing protecting gas in advance, igniting arc between MIG welding wire and substrate (first layer) or deposited layer (two or more layers), preheating MIG welding wire by resistance heat, synchronously feeding hot wire and cold wire into arc space, fusing wire material by arc to form molten drops, and generating molten pool. The scanning laser is applied to the rear part of the electric arc for a certain distance in a defocusing mode (D) m ) At a constant scanning width (W) in the width direction (y-axis) of the molten bath z ) And scanning speed (V) z ) Carrying out reciprocating scanning, and dynamically shaping the shape and size of the molten pool by changing the flowing state of the molten pool to obtain the target forming width W a ，W a ＝W z +D L ，W z For laser scanning amplitude, D L Is the laser beam diameter. The arc and the scanning laser move along the direction of the x axis along the numerical control moving mechanism until the deposition layer is finished. And entering the next deposition layer, moving the scanning galvanometer, the MIG welding gun and the cold wire feeding nozzle upwards by a distance of a height of the deposition layer along the z-axis direction, repeating the process until the last layer, and finishing the MIG electric arc twin-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing of the scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool. The method gives full play to the advantages of high deposition efficiency of the arc heat source, high forming precision of the scanning laser heat source and quick dynamic response, on one hand, the energy utilization rate of the filling material to the arc heat source can be increased through the auxiliary cold wire, the deposition efficiency is effectively improved, and the manufacturing period is shortened; meanwhile, the heat input of the electric arc to the deposition layer is reduced, and the grain structure is favorably refinedThe thermal stress is reduced, and the mechanical property of the additive component is improved; on the other hand, the scanning laser heat source is adopted to dynamically shape the appearance of the molten pool, so that the precise forming width is obtained, the forming precision is favorably improved, and the additive manufacturing with high deposition efficiency, high performance and high precision is realized.
Device positional relationship: the scanning galvanometer, the MIG welding gun and the cold wire feeding nozzle are respectively fixed on a z-axis platform of the numerical control movement mechanism through a support. Wherein the scanning galvanometer is positioned at a certain distance D right above the molten pool s ，D s Determined according to the desired laser defocus (laser beam diameter), D s 200-300 mm; the MIG welding gun is positioned in front of the scanning galvanometer and forms a certain included angle alpha with the horizontal plane, and the alpha is 30-70 degrees; the cold wire can be fed in laterally or forwards, and when the lateral wire feeding is adopted, the wire feeding nozzle is positioned on the side surface of the MIG welding gun and forms an included angle of 5-70 degrees with the horizontal plane; when the forward wire feeding is adopted, the wire feeding nozzle is positioned in front of the MIG welding gun and forms a certain included angle beta with the horizontal direction, beta is 5-45 degrees, beta is smaller than alpha, and cold wires can be selected not to be added according to actual conditions.
The technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 500-8000W, and the diameter D of the laser beam L 0.5-5 mm, laser scanning amplitude W z 2-30 mm, laser scanning speed V z 100-2000 mm/s, and the distance D between the center of the laser beam and the center of the arc m ，(D L -D A )/2<D m <(D L +D A )/2，D A Is the arc diameter. The arc current is 50-400A, the MIG welding wire is in a round wire shape, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.6-2.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5-20 m/min; the cold wire is in a shape of a round wire or a belt, the diameter of the round wire is 0.6-2.0 mm, the width of the belt-shaped wire is 0.5-2 mm, the thickness of the belt-shaped wire is 0.2-0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5-10 m/min; the protective gas comprises 99.99% pure argon gas, and the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the scanning galvanometer is positioned 250mm right above the molten pool; the MIG welding gun is positioned in front of the scanning galvanometer and forms an angle of 60 degrees with the water surface; the cold wire is fed forward, and the wire feeding nozzle is positioned in front of the MIG welding gun and forms a 10-degree angle with the horizontal plane.
Laser power is 2500W, laserThe wavelength is 1080nm, the diameter of the laser beam is 3mm, and the laser scanning amplitude W z 20mm, laser scanning speed 2000mm/s, distance D between laser beam center and arc center m Is 7 mm; the MIG arc current is 150A, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, and the wire feeding speed is 3 m/min; the diameter of the cold wire is 1.2mm, and the wire feeding speed is 2 m/min; the protective gas component is 99.99 percent pure argon gas, and the protective gas flow is 15L/min.
(1) Starting a laser, a scanning galvanometer, an MIG power supply, a wire feeder and a numerical control movement mechanism, and introducing protective gas in advance;
(2) igniting electric arc between MIG welding wire and substrate, preheating MIG welding wire under resistance heat, synchronously feeding hot wire and cold wire into electric arc space, melting wire material and forming molten drop by electric arc, and transferring molten drop to locally molten deposited layer metal to generate molten pool;
(3) and the scanning laser acts on the surface of a molten pool with the rear part of the electric arc being 7mm, and performs reciprocating scanning along the width direction (y axis) of the molten pool to dynamically shape the appearance and the size of the molten pool to obtain the forming width of 23 mm. The electric arc and the scanning laser move 250mm along the direction of the x axis along with the numerical control movement mechanism, and the deposition layer is finished;
(4) and (4) entering the next deposition layer, moving the scanning galvanometer, the MIG welding gun and the cold wire feeding nozzle upwards by a deposition layer height distance of 1.5mm along the z-axis direction, repeating the process until the last layer, and finishing the MIG electric arc twin-wire low-heat input additive manufacturing of the scanning laser auxiliary shaping molten pool.
The method gives full play to the advantages of high deposition efficiency of the arc heat source, high forming precision of the scanning laser heat source and quick dynamic response, on one hand, the energy utilization rate of the filling material to the arc heat source is increased through the auxiliary cold wire, the deposition efficiency is effectively improved, and the manufacturing period is shortened; meanwhile, the heat input of the electric arc to the deposition layer is reduced, the grain structure is effectively refined, the thermal stress is reduced, and the mechanical property of the material increase component is improved; on the other hand, the scanning laser heat source is adopted to dynamically shape the shape and the size of the molten pool, so that the accurate forming width is obtained, the forming precision is improved, and the high-deposition efficiency, high-performance and high-precision additive manufacturing is realized.

Claims (3)

1. A MIG arc twin wire low heat input additive manufacturing device that scans a laser assisted shaping molten puddle, comprising: the device comprises a scanning galvanometer (1), a welding gun (3), a MIG welding wire (4), a cold wire (9), a substrate (11), a numerical control motion mechanism (12), a laser (13), a scanning galvanometer controller (14), an upper computer controller (15), a PLC (programmable logic controller) controller (16), a MIG power supply (17) and a wire feeder (18); wherein: the upper computer controller (15) is electrically connected with the PLC (16) and is used for transmitting arc current, MIG welding wire feeding speed, arc starting/arc closing, cold wire feeding speed and wire feeding start/stop signals; the upper computer controller (15) is electrically connected with the scanning galvanometer controller (14) and is used for transmitting laser power, laser triggering/stopping, laser scanning amplitude, scanning speed and scanning starting/stopping signals; the upper computer controller (15) is electrically connected with the numerical control movement mechanism (12) and is used for transmitting movement speed and movement start/stop signals; the PLC controller (16) is electrically connected with the scanning galvanometer controller (14) and is used for transmitting scanning start/stop signals; the PLC (16) is electrically connected with the MIG power supply (17) and is used for transmitting arc current, the wire feeding speed of the MIG welding wire and an arc starting/arc stopping signal; the PLC (16) is electrically connected with the wire feeder (18) and is used for transmitting cold wire feeding speed and wire feeding start/stop signals; the scanning galvanometer controller (14) is electrically connected with the scanning galvanometer (1) and is used for transmitting laser scanning amplitude, scanning speed and scanning start/stop signals; the scanning galvanometer controller (14) is electrically connected with the laser (13) and is used for transmitting laser power and laser triggering/stopping signals; the laser (13) is connected with the scanning galvanometer (1) through an optical fiber cable and is used for transmitting laser; the anode of the MIG power supply (17) is connected with the welding gun (3), and the cathode of the MIG power supply (17) is connected with the substrate (11); the cold wire (9) is connected with the wire feeder (18) in a matching way; the base plate (11) is positioned on the numerical control movement mechanism (12), and the base plate (11) is driven to move by the numerical control movement mechanism (12);
device positional relationship: the scanning galvanometer (1), the welding gun (3) and a corresponding wire feeding nozzle used for feeding a cold wire (9) in a wire feeder (18) are respectively fixed on a z-axis platform of the numerical control movement mechanism (12) through a bracket; wherein, the scanning galvanometer (1) is positioned on the substrate (11) at a certain distance D right above a molten pool s ，D s According to the required laser defocusing amount (laser beam)Diameter) determination, D s 200-300 mm; the welding gun (3) is positioned in front of the scanning galvanometer (1) and forms a certain included angle alpha with the horizontal plane, and the alpha is 30-70 degrees; the cold wire (9) can be fed in laterally or forwards, and when the lateral wire feeding is adopted, the wire feeding nozzle is positioned on the side surface of the MIG welding gun and forms an included angle of 5-70 degrees with the horizontal plane; when forward wire feeding is adopted; the wire feeding nozzle is positioned in front of the welding gun (3) and forms a certain included angle beta with the horizontal plane, beta is 5-45 degrees, beta is smaller than alpha, or cold wires can be selected not to be added according to actual conditions, and the laser, the MIG welding wire (4) in the welding gun (3) and the wire feeding nozzle are positioned on the same vertical plane.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each apparatus parameter range: the laser power is 500-8000W, and the diameter D of the laser beam L 0.5-5 mm; laser scanning amplitude W z 2-30 mm, laser scanning speed V z 100-2000 mm/s, the distance D between the center of the laser beam and the center of the arc m ，(D L -D A )/2<D m <(D L +D A )/2，D A Is the arc diameter; the arc current is 50-400A, the MIG welding wire is in a round wire shape, the diameter of the MIG welding wire is 0.6-2.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed of the MIG welding wire is 0.5-20 m/min; the cold wire is in a shape of a round wire or a belt, the diameter of the round wire is 0.6-2.0 mm, the width of the belt-shaped wire is 0.5-2 mm, the thickness of the belt-shaped wire is 0.2-0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed of the cold wire is 0.5-10 m/min; the protective gas comprises 99.99% pure argon gas, and the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min.
3. A method for MIG arc twin-wire low heat input additive manufacturing of a scanning laser assisted shaping molten pool with the device of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the additive manufacturing process an electric arc is ignited between the MIG wire and the substrate or the previous deposit, the MIG wire is preheated by resistance heat, the hot and cold wires (9) of the preheated MIG wire are synchronously fed into the arc space, the electric arc melts the wire and forms a droplet, the droplet transitions to locally melted deposit metal and forms a molten pool; the scanning laser acts on the rear part of the arc for a certain distance D m At a constant width W in the width direction of the molten bath z And velocity V z And (4) performing reciprocating scanning, and dynamically shaping the appearance of the molten pool by changing the flowing state of the molten pool to obtain the target forming width.
CN202210611168.0A 2022-05-30 2022-05-30 MIG electric arc double-wire low-heat-input additive manufacturing method for scanning laser-assisted shaping molten pool Pending CN115008017A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115722801A (en) * 2022-09-09 2023-03-03 中国航空制造技术研究院 Method for improving arc additive manufacturing forming precision with assistance of laser

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115722801A (en) * 2022-09-09 2023-03-03 中国航空制造技术研究院 Method for improving arc additive manufacturing forming precision with assistance of laser
CN115722801B (en) * 2022-09-09 2024-04-09 中国航空制造技术研究院 Method for improving arc additive manufacturing forming precision in laser-assisted manner

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