CN111571017A - Double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method - Google Patents
Double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111571017A CN111571017A CN202010360995.8A CN202010360995A CN111571017A CN 111571017 A CN111571017 A CN 111571017A CN 202010360995 A CN202010360995 A CN 202010360995A CN 111571017 A CN111571017 A CN 111571017A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
- B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly provides a double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite additive manufacturing method. The system comprises a protective gas cylinder, a CMT welding machine, a wire feeder, a computer, a welding robot, a CCD camera, a welding parameter collector, a workbench, a positioner, a welding robot control cabinet, a fiber laser, an infrared temperature monitor and a double-beam laser head. The dual laser beams and the electric arc are mutually cooperated to form a multi-heat source melting wire material for additive manufacturing, and additive manufacturing of different structural parts can be realized by adjusting the angle, power, wire feeding speed, electric arc power and other parameters of the dual laser beams. Compared with the traditional additive, the composite of the double laser beams and the electric arc multiple heat sources can obviously improve the stability of each heat source in the additive process and reduce the defects caused by the instability of the heat source. In addition, by adjusting the energy ratio of each heat source, the heat input can be effectively controlled, the additive deformation is controlled, and the additive precision and the structural quality are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite heat source additive manufacturing, in particular to a double-laser-beam electric arc multi-heat-source composite additive manufacturing method.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is a manufacturing technology rapidly developed in recent years, and is mainly divided into a laser additive technology and an arc additive technology according to a heat source. The laser vibration material disk has high precision, high cost and low vibration material disk efficiency. The electric arc additive molten drop deposition efficiency is high, and the forming precision is poorer than that of laser additive.
The CMT technology realizes no-current metal transition through a welding wire drawing mechanism, has the advantages of no splashing, low heat input, stable molten drop transition and the like, but the interlayer non-fusion phenomenon still occurs in the CMT electric arc material increase process. In order to overcome interlayer unfused of CMT electric arc additive manufacturing and further improve the CMT additive manufacturing rate, scholars at home and abroad adopt a CMT + laser composite heat source for additive manufacturing, and in an invention patent CN104625412A of an invention patent of copper alloy laser-cold metal transition composite heat source additive manufacturing method applied by Jiangsu science and technology university xu national auspicious and the like in 2002, the CMT + laser composite heat source is adopted, so that the additive quality of the copper alloy is improved. The invention patent with application number CN 109759707A applied by Wu Dongjiang et al, university of great chores in 2019, namely a laser-TIG composite heat source additive manufacturing method for aluminum alloy annular parts, realizes additive manufacturing of the aluminum alloy annular parts by adopting a laser-TIG composite heat source.
However, the traditional laser-arc composite heat source often adopts single-beam laser as a laser heat source, and although the material increase precision is improved, the material increase efficiency is still low, and the material increase production of large components is difficult to meet. In addition, the energy density of the single-beam laser is too concentrated, so that the material is seriously burnt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-laser-beam electric arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method in order to solve the problem that the traditional laser-electric arc composite heat source material increase material is seriously burnt.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
and a double-beam laser composite CMT arc is adopted as an additive heat source. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning the surface of a substrate, removing surface impurities and oxides, opening a protective gas cylinder, a CCD camera and an infrared thermometer, and preparing for double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite additive;
s2: performing a single welding process parameter test to determine each additive process parameter;
s3: slicing and layering the three-dimensional solid part model drawing, and then guiding the sliced and layered three-dimensional solid part model drawing into a control system, wherein the control system calculates and generates a walking track of the welding robot according to slicing and layering;
s4: starting the welding robot, starting the welding machine and the laser, adjusting the power of the laser, the defocusing amount, the distance between two-beam heat sources, the angle of two beams and the preheating scanning speed, and scanning and preheating the substrate to a proper temperature by adopting two-beam laser.
S5: after the preheating is finished, material increase process parameters are adjusted, and wire feeding speed, material increase speed, laser power, defocusing amount, double-beam heat source distance and double-beam angle are set.
S6: pre-feeding gas, moving a CMT welding gun to an arc starting point according to a set program to start an arc, and moving a welding robot according to a preset track to perform additive manufacturing;
s7: raising the welding gun by one layer height in the height direction, and then performing fusion stacking of the next layer according to the step S6;
s8: repeating the step S7 until the additive manufacturing is completed, extinguishing the arc by the welding gun, stopping the light emission of the laser head, and stopping the gas supply of the shielding gas;
s9: and after the step S8 is completed, the welding gun is moved to a safe position, the laser and the CMT welding machine are turned off, and the double-laser-beam arc multi-heat-source composite additive manufacturing is completed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite material increase system comprises a protective gas cylinder, a CMT welding machine, a wire feeder, a welding power supply, a computer, a welding robot, a CCD camera, a welding parameter collector, a workbench, a position changer, a welding robot control cabinet, a fiber laser, an infrared temperature monitor and a double-beam laser head.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a dual-beam laser + CMT composite heat source is used.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the double-beam laser head and the vertical surface is 0-10 degrees, and the included angle between the CMT welding gun and the horizontal plane is 50-65 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shielding gas used is pure argon or argon (78-82%) + carbon dioxide shielding gas (20-17%) + oxygen (2-1%) or argon (84-92%) + carbon dioxide shielding gas (6-2%) + oxygen (2-1%) + nitrogen shielding gas (8-4%). The gas flow is 18L/min-28L/min.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, additive manufacturing of different structures is realized by adjusting laser power, defocusing amount, welding speed, current magnitude, composite heat source distance and composite heat source position. The laser power adjusting range is 0-6000W, the defocusing amount adjusting range is-10 mm-10mm, the composite heat source interval adjusting range is 0mm-6mm, the composite heat source position can be in front of laser or electric arc according to actual needs, and the arrangement angle change range of the double-beam laser is 0-90 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate and the additive material member may be preheated or heat-treated by using the dual-beam laser alone according to the additive process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. according to the double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method, the double-laser-beam composite CMT composite heat source is adopted, so that the material increase efficiency can be improved, and the material increase quality can be improved.
2. Compared with the traditional laser and electric arc composite heat source material increase, the double-laser-beam electric arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method has the advantages that the laser beam is split, the diameter of a light spot is increased, the laser power is dispersed compared with a single laser beam, and the material burning loss rate is small.
3. According to the double-laser-beam electric arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method, the double-beam laser can be independently used for preheating and heat treatment of the substrate and the material increase piece according to the requirement of the material increase process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual laser beam arc multi-heat source composite additive manufacturing method equipment system.
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a dual beam laser and CMT torch.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the dual-beam laser.
Fig. 4 is a physical diagram of the additive sample in example 1 obtained by the dual laser beam arc multi-heat source composite additive method.
1: protective gas cylinder, 2: laser, 3: wire feeder, 4: computer, 5: welding robot, 6: CCD camera, 7: double-beam laser head, 8: infrared temperature detector, 9: robot control cabinet, 10: workstation and machine of shifting, 11: additive structural member, 12: CMT torch, 13: welding parameter collector, 14: CMT welding machine
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments
The invention provides a double-laser-beam electric arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method, which mainly utilizes a double-beam electric arc multi-heat-source composite material increase system shown in figure 1 to perform material increase manufacturing, wherein the double-beam electric arc multi-heat-source composite material increase system mainly comprises a protective gas cylinder, a CMT welding machine, a wire feeder, a welding power supply, a computer, a welding robot, a CCD camera, a welding parameter collector, a workbench and positioner, a welding robot control cabinet, a fiber laser, an infrared temperature monitor and a double-beam laser head. The welding wire is a material for additive manufacturing, and the components of the welding wire can be adjusted according to the performance requirements of the additive structural part.
And the CMT welding gun and the double-beam laser head are connected with the welding robot. The double-beam laser head is connected with the laser. The protective gas is sprayed out from the CMT welding gun nozzle to protect the molten drop from being oxidized. The double-beam laser head is combined with a CMT welding gun paraxial, and the structure of the double-beam laser head is shown in figure 2. The robot control cabinet is connected with the welding robot to control the operation of the welding robot. The CCD camera and the welding parameter acquisition system monitor molten drops, molten pool visual information and process parameter information in real time. The infrared thermometer can monitor the temperature of the substrate and the additive building. The workbench is connected with the positioner and can be adjusted in angle.
Example 1
The welding wire is made of high-strength steel welding wire with the model number of ER130S-G, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm; a 6mm thick 304 stainless steel substrate is exemplified by a straight wall build-up. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: cleaning the surface of a 304 stainless steel substrate, removing surface impurities and oxides, opening a protective gas cylinder, a CCD (charge coupled device) camera and an infrared thermometer, and preparing for double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite material increase;
s2: performing a single welding process parameter test to determine each additive process parameter;
s3: slicing and layering the three-dimensional solid part model drawing, and then guiding the sliced and layered three-dimensional solid part model drawing into a control system, wherein the control system calculates and generates a walking track of the welding robot according to slicing and layering;
s4: starting the welding robot, starting the CMT welding machine and the laser, adjusting the power of the laser to be 500W, the defocusing amount to be +3mm, the distance between the two light beam heat sources to be 0.5mm, the angle of the two light beams to be 0 degrees, and the preheating scanning speed to be 2.4m/min, and scanning and preheating the substrate by adopting the two light beam laser until the temperature of the substrate detected by the infrared thermometer is 100 ℃.
S5: after the preheating is finished, additive process parameters are set, the wire feeding speed is set to be 7.2mm/min, the welding speed is set to be 0.66m/min, the laser power is 1000W, the defocusing amount is +3m, the distance between the double-beam heat sources is 0.5mm, and the angle of the double beams is 0 degree.
S6: pre-feeding gas for 1s, moving a welding gun to an arc striking point according to a set program to strike an arc, and linearly moving a welding robot in the X-axis direction according to a preset track to extinguish the arc at the tail end of a welding seam after completing one-pass welding;
s7: lifting the welding gun by 1mm in the Z-axis direction, waiting for 30S for cooling, and then carrying out next melting and stacking according to the step S6;
s8: repeating the step S7 until the additive manufacturing is completed, extinguishing the arc by the welding gun, stopping the light emission of the laser head, and stopping the gas supply after the shielding gas is delayed for 5S;
s9: and after the step S8 is completed, moving the welding gun to a safe position, turning off the laser and the CMT welding machine, and completing the double-laser-beam arc multi-heat-source composite additive manufacturing.
Claims (7)
1. The double-laser-beam arc multi-heat-source composite material increase method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: cleaning the surface of a substrate, removing surface impurities and oxides, opening a protective gas cylinder, a CCD camera and an infrared thermometer, and preparing for double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite additive;
s2: performing a single welding process parameter test to determine each additive process parameter;
s3: slicing and layering the three-dimensional solid part model drawing, and then guiding the sliced and layered three-dimensional solid part model drawing into a control system, wherein the control system calculates and generates a walking track of the welding robot according to slicing and layering;
s4: starting the welding robot, starting the welding machine and the laser, and adjusting the power, the defocusing amount, the distance between two-beam heat sources, the angle of two beams and the preheating scanning speed of the laser; according to different basic materials, scanning and preheating the substrate to a preheating temperature by adopting double-beam laser;
s5: after the preheating is finished, adjusting additive process parameters, and setting wire feeding speed, additive speed, laser power, defocusing amount, double-beam heat source distance and double-beam angle;
s6: pre-feeding gas, moving a CMT welding gun to an arc starting point according to a set program to start an arc, and moving a welding robot according to a preset track to perform additive manufacturing;
s7: raising the welding gun by one layer height in the height direction, and then performing fusion stacking of the next layer according to the step S6;
s8: repeating the step S7 until the additive manufacturing is completed, extinguishing the arc by the welding gun, stopping the light emission of the laser head, and stopping the gas supply of the shielding gas;
s9: and after the step S8 is completed, the welding gun is moved to a safe position, the laser and the welding machine are turned off, and the double-laser-beam electric-arc multi-heat-source composite additive manufacturing is completed.
2. The dual laser beam arc multi-heat-source composite additive method of claim 1, wherein the dual laser beam arc multi-heat-source composite additive system comprises a protective gas cylinder, a CMT welding machine, a wire feeder, a computer, a welding robot, a CCD camera, a welding parameter collector, a workbench and positioner, a welding robot control cabinet, a fiber laser, an infrared temperature monitor, and a dual beam laser head.
3. The dual laser beam arc multi-heat source composite additive method of claim 1, wherein a dual beam laser + CMT composite heat source is employed.
4. The dual laser beam arc multi-heat-source composite additive method according to claim 1, wherein the included angle between the dual beam laser head and the vertical plane is 0 ° to 10 °, and the included angle between the CMT welding gun and the horizontal plane is 50 ° to 65 °.
5. The dual laser beam arc multi-heat-source composite additive method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shielding gas used is pure argon or argon (78-82%) + carbon dioxide shielding gas (20-17%) + oxygen (2-1%) or argon (84-92%) + carbon dioxide shielding gas (6-2%) + oxygen (2-1%) + nitrogen shielding gas (8-4%). The gas flow is 18L/min-28L/min.
6. The dual-laser-beam arc multi-heat-source composite additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein additive manufacturing of different structures is achieved by adjusting laser power, defocusing amount, welding speed, current magnitude, composite heat source distance and composite heat source position; the laser power adjusting range is 0-6000W, the defocusing amount adjusting range is-10 mm-10mm, the composite heat source interval adjusting range is 0mm-6mm, the composite heat source position can be in front of laser or electric arc according to actual needs, and the arrangement angle change range of the double-beam laser is 0-90 degrees.
7. The dual laser beam arc multi-heat source composite additive method of claim 1, wherein the substrate and the additive member can be preheated or heat treated using the dual beam laser alone according to an additive process.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112404729A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-26 | 北京工业大学 | Wire feeding type double-beam laser additive manufacturing method |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |