CN111673274B - Double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting welding cracks of high-strength titanium alloy - Google Patents

Double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting welding cracks of high-strength titanium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111673274B
CN111673274B CN202010437700.2A CN202010437700A CN111673274B CN 111673274 B CN111673274 B CN 111673274B CN 202010437700 A CN202010437700 A CN 202010437700A CN 111673274 B CN111673274 B CN 111673274B
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laser
welding
half part
titanium alloy
swing
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CN111673274A (en
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雷正龙
刘景涛
陈源
黎炳蔚
王学峰
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting high-strength titanium alloy welding cracks, relates to the field of material processing engineering, and aims to solve the problems of high-strength titanium alloy welding cracks and air hole defects, in particular to the problem that the existing swing laser welding method cannot solve the problems of the high-strength titanium alloy welding cracks and the air hole defects. The invention realizes double-beam laser welding by designing the light path, wherein one beam of laser is fixed, the other beam of laser swings as assistance, and the welding defects are inhibited by adopting a mode of simultaneously optimizing the track and the energy distribution. Compared with the common swing laser welding, the method is more in line with the flowing trend of the molten pool, is beneficial to strengthening the convection of the molten pool and reducing the crack defect of the air hole; the swing amplitude is larger, the temperature gradient is reduced, and the melt is driven to be supplemented at the solidification front edge at the tail part of the molten pool, so that the generation of solidification cracks is prevented; the energy distribution of the light beam is combined with the swing track, the temperature field distribution is improved, the stress and deformation of the joint are reduced, and the crack initiation is inhibited. The invention is applied to the field of material processing.

Description

Double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting welding cracks of high-strength titanium alloy
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material processing engineering, and particularly relates to a double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting welding cracks of a high-strength titanium alloy.
Background
Over thirteen years ago, China is developing to a higher level and a deeper level in the aerospace field. The development of advanced science and technology fields such as aerospace and the like puts higher requirements on material performance, and continuously puts higher requirements on the aspects of weight reduction, high-temperature performance and the like of service materials. Compared with structural materials such as aluminum, magnesium, iron, nickel and the like, the titanium alloy is widely applied to the manufacture of aircraft structures, aerospace industry and military products due to small mass, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good corrosion resistance and excellent comprehensive performance.
Laser, one of the welding technologies with the most potential development in the twenty-first century, has been widely used in industrial production because of its advantages of high energy density, good weld quality, large depth-to-width ratio, small heat affected zone, small welding deformation, fast welding speed, easy realization of automation, etc. Compared with the traditional electric arc welding, the high-energy laser beam is adopted as a heat source, so that the electric arc welding has the characteristics of high welding precision, large depth-to-width ratio, small joint heat affected zone and small residual stress generated in the welding process.
In view of the advantages of titanium alloy and laser welding, an important aerospace component is composed of a skin made of a high-strength titanium alloy material, a rib plate structure and the like, and is manufactured by laser welding. However, when the titanium alloy is welded by laser, crack defects are caused due to high welding cooling speed, complex structure, high stress level and the like, and meanwhile, the gas hole defects are also caused in the welding line due to improper protection or too high solidification speed, so that the fatigue life and the fatigue strength are greatly reduced due to the gas holes and the crack defects in the welding line metal, and particularly, the defects at the joint surface position of the skin and the rib plate are hidden danger factors of major safety accidents of the component in the service process. Therefore, in order to improve the safety of the aerospace craft and avoid the occurrence of catastrophic accidents, welding defects need to be avoided, and in order to more accurately reduce heat input, improve the processing flexibility of complex parts and control the temperature field and stress field, the swing laser welding technology can be applied to process complex titanium alloy components, especially structures such as large thin-wall casings, large thin-wall shells, compressor disks, turbine blades and the like.
The swing laser welding technology is developed by utilizing excellent controllability of laser beams, controls a laser heat source to repeatedly move along a certain movement regular route, and commonly used scanning routes mainly comprise transverse scanning, longitudinal scanning, annular scanning, triangular scanning and the like. The laser can be reflected by the vibrating mirror so as to realize the movement of a certain frequency and route, and the heat source characteristics, the flow behavior of a molten pool and the like of the laser welding technology are greatly changed compared with the conventional laser welding technology. The swing laser welding is mainly applied to solving the problems of poor gap adaptability, poor forming, air holes, crack defects and the like, and particularly has the advantages of unique thickness in the aspects of dissimilar material connection, unequal-thickness plate connection, grain refinement and the like.
The current research results show that different scanning tracks have obvious influence on welding defects, and transverse scanning, longitudinal scanning, annular scanning, triangular scanning and other modes have the possibility of eliminating air holes or inhibiting cracks more or less, but the application effect of the titanium alloy material with higher crack sensitivity is not ideal. In addition to this, in recent years, there has been a study of the 8-shaped swing pattern, and a swing pattern including a loop and an 8-shaped swing pattern is proposed as in patent CN110280900A or the like, but the main purpose is to increase the fusion width without controlling the defect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high-strength titanium alloy welding cracks and air hole defects, and particularly solves the problems that the high-strength titanium alloy welding cracks and air hole defects cannot be solved by the conventional swing laser welding method. The invention realizes double-beam laser welding by designing the light path, wherein one beam of laser is fixed, the other beam of laser swings as assistance, and the welding defects are inhibited by adopting a mode of simultaneously optimizing the track and the energy distribution.
The invention relates to a double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting welding cracks of a high-strength titanium alloy, which is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, machining a part to be welded of a workpiece into required precision according to requirements, and polishing or cleaning the surfaces of two sides of the machined workpiece;
fixing the polished or cleaned workpiece to be welded on a welding tool fixture;
setting two beams of laser, wherein one beam of laser source is positioned at the front end of the welding pool, and the other beam of laser source periodically swings at the rear part of the welding pool to form a moving path; wherein, the motion path is an 8-shaped path;
selecting two points marked as P1 and P8 in the upper half part of a 10-20% length area of an 8-shaped path close to the front end of the welding pool, and selecting two points marked as P4 and P5 in the lower half part; two points are selected at the upper half part of a 10-20% length area of an 8-shaped path close to the rear end of a welding pool and are marked as P2 and P3, and two points are selected at the lower half part and are marked as P6 and P7; wherein the power of the swinging laser at the positions P1 and P5 is 40-70% of the peak power P of the swinging laser; the power of the swinging laser at the positions P2 and P6 is 20-50% of the peak power P of the swinging laser; the power of the swinging laser at the positions P4 and P8 is 60-80% of the peak power P of the swinging laser; the wobble laser power at P3 and P7 is the same as the wobble laser peak power P;
and fourthly, in the actual welding process, controlling welding process parameters by adopting a robot integration system, firstly controlling a laser to emit laser, and then controlling the robot to move to finish the welding process.
Furthermore, the welding head of the double-beam laser comprises a collimating lens, a high-speed scanning galvanometer, a focusing lens, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens, a reflecting lens and a high-transparent glass protective lens;
the welding head body consists of a vertical channel and an L-shaped channel; one end of the L-shaped channel is communicated with the side surface of the vertical channel, and the other end of the L-shaped channel is connected with a laser; the upper end of the vertical channel is connected with a laser; the laser emitted by the laser at the upper end of the vertical channel sequentially passes through a collimating lens, a high-speed scanning galvanometer, a focusing lens, a semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting lens and a high-transmittance glass protective lens which are arranged in the vertical channel from top to bottom; laser emitted by the laser on the L-shaped channel sequentially passes through another collimating lens and a reflecting lens which are arranged in the L-shaped channel, and is reflected to a high-transmittance glass protective lens through a semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens arranged at the joint of the vertical channel and the L-shaped channel; the light sources of the two beams of laser are focused on a welding pool of a piece to be welded through a high-transmittance glass protective lens.
Further, if the rear end of the welding pool is narrowed, the rear end of the 8-shaped path is narrowed; if the rear end of the weld pool is expanded, the rear end of the 8-shaped path is expanded.
The swinging laser beam of the invention does reciprocating swinging motion similar to 8 shape in the rear half section of the molten pool, but the swinging track is related to the volume of the molten pool and shows a rear end convergence trend, namely, the swinging track changes along with the shape of the molten pool, if the molten pool is in a perfect circle shape, the swinging track is in 8 shape, and if the molten pool is in an ellipse shape, a duck egg shape or other shapes, the swinging track is in 8 shape. The wobble track parameters include a wobble length L, a wobble width W, and a wobble frequency f.
Furthermore, the P1 is located above the turn of the upper half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path, and the P8 is located below the turn of the upper half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path.
Further, P4 is located above the turning point of the lower half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path, and P5 is located below the turning point of the lower half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path.
Furthermore, P2 is located above the turning point of the upper half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path, and P3 is located below the turning point of the upper half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path.
Further, P6 is located below the turning point of the lower half part of the rear end of the "8" shaped path, and P7 is located above the turning point of the lower half part of the rear end of the "8" shaped path.
Further, setting laser parameters: the defocusing amount of the laser is minus 5 to plus 15mm, the fixed laser power is 1000 to 5000W, and the peak power P of the swinging laser is 500 to 2500W; the welding speed is 0.5-5 m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 20-400 Hz, the oscillation length is 0.5-5 mm, the oscillation width is 0.5-5 mm, and Ar gas or Ar gas and CO are used as the protective gas2The flow rate of the mixed gas is 20-60L/min.
Further, setting laser parameters: the defocusing amount of the laser is minus 5 to plus 15mm, the fixed laser power is 1000 to 5000W, and the peak power P of the swinging laser is 500 to 2500W; the welding speed is 0.5-5 m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 100-300 Hz, the oscillation length is 2-4 mm, the oscillation width is 2-4 mm, and Ar gas or Ar gas and CO are used as protective gas2The flow rate of the mixed gas is 20-60L/min.
Further, a laserThe device is CO2A gas laser, a YAG solid laser, a semiconductor laser, or a fiber laser.
YAG solid-state lasers using fiber optic transmission are preferred because they are more efficient and environmentally friendly and also more adaptable to the requirements of flexible processing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the conventional double-beam welding, the temperature control is more accurate, the distribution range of the temperature field is adjustable, the swinging beam can stir the molten pool, the effects of refining grains, promoting air hole escape, inhibiting cracks and the like are achieved, the fusion area can be enlarged, and the mechanical property is improved.
2. On welding stability, compare in swing laser welding commonly used, molten bath the place ahead is more stable, reduces because the continuous gas pocket that removes and collapse and the problem such as splash of leading to of laser keyhole, adopts two bundles of laser to weld jointly, has broken away from the demand of molten bath anterior segment to the swing heat source, increases the swing space.
3. Compared with the common swing laser welding, the laser beam swing method has the advantages that on the basis of a beam swing strategy, the laser beam swing method is more in line with the flowing trend of a molten pool, the convection of the molten pool is enhanced, and the crack defects of air holes are reduced; the swing amplitude is larger, the temperature gradient is reduced, and the melt is driven to be supplemented at the solidification front edge at the tail part of the molten pool, so that the generation of solidification cracks is prevented; the energy distribution of the light beam is combined with the swing track, the temperature field distribution is improved, the stress and deformation of the joint are reduced, and the crack initiation is inhibited.
The welding material of the invention is not limited to titanium alloy, but also can be used for welding crack sensitive metal materials such as high-strength aluminum alloy, high-strength steel and the like or other metal materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a double-beam laser oscillating welding head according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser beam wobble track according to the present invention; wherein, the front end circle shows the schematic diagram of the fixed laser in the welding molten pool, and the 8 shape is the schematic diagram of the swinging laser in the welding molten pool;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of laser beam energy distribution according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a surface topography of a joint obtained by weaving laser welding of example 1;
FIG. 5 is the surface topography of the joint obtained by welding in example 2.
Detailed Description
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
To make the objects, aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description clearly illustrates the spirit of the disclosure, and any person skilled in the art, after understanding the embodiments of the disclosure, may make changes and modifications to the technology taught by the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are provided to explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
Example 1
And respectively welding a titanium alloy butt joint with the thickness of 2mm by using conventional swing laser welding and the method provided by the invention. The specific experimental method is as follows:
welding a 3mm thick titanium alloy butt joint by conventional swing laser welding:
firstly, machining a part to be welded of a workpiece into required precision according to requirements, and polishing or cleaning the surfaces of two sides of the machined workpiece;
fixing the polished or cleaned workpiece to be welded on a welding tool fixture;
step three, defocusing the laser by + 5mm, controlling the laser power to 2100W, welding speed to 1.0m/min, swinging track to be annular swinging, swinging frequency to be 150Hz, swinging amplitude to be 3mm, adopting Ar gas as protective gas and flow to be 30L/min;
and fourthly, in the actual welding process, controlling welding process parameters by adopting a robot integration system, firstly controlling a laser to emit laser, and then controlling the robot to move to finish the welding process.
Example 2
The method of the invention welds the titanium alloy butt joint with the thickness of 2 mm:
firstly, machining a part to be welded of a workpiece into required precision according to requirements, and polishing or cleaning the surfaces of two sides of the machined workpiece;
fixing the polished or cleaned workpiece to be welded on a welding tool fixture;
setting two beams of laser, wherein one beam of laser source is positioned at the front end of the welding pool, and the other beam of laser source periodically swings at the rear part of the welding pool to form a moving path; wherein, the motion path is an 8-shaped path;
selecting two points which are marked as P1 and P8 in the upper half part of a 10-20% length area of an 8-shaped path close to the front end of a welding pool, and selecting two points which are marked as P4 and P5 in the lower half part; two points are selected at the upper half part of a 10-20% length area of an 8-shaped path close to the rear end of a welding pool and are marked as P2 and P3, and two points are selected at the lower half part and are marked as P6 and P7; the P1 is positioned above the turning point of the upper half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path, and the P8 is positioned below the turning point of the upper half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path; p4 is positioned above the turning point of the lower half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path, and P5 is positioned below the turning point of the lower half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path; p2 is positioned above the turning part of the upper half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path, and P3 is positioned below the turning part of the upper half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path; p6 is positioned below the turning point of the lower half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path, and P7 is positioned above the turning point of the lower half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path; (as shown in FIG. 3)
Setting laser parameters: the defocusing amount of the laser is +/-5 mm, the fixed laser power is 2000W, the peak power P of the swinging laser is 1000W, the P1 and the P5 are both 60% P, the P2 and the P6 are both 40% P, the P3 and the P7 are both 100% P, and the P4 and the P8 are both 75% P; the welding speed is 1.0m/min, the laser swing frequency is 150Hz, the swing length is 3mm, the swing width is 3mm, the protective gas adopts Ar gas, and the flow rate is 30L/min;
and fourthly, in the actual welding process, controlling welding process parameters by adopting a robot integration system, firstly controlling a laser to emit laser, and then controlling the robot to move to finish the welding process.
The welding head of the adopted double-beam laser comprises a collimating lens 1, a high-speed scanning galvanometer 2, a focusing lens 3, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens 4, a reflective lens 5 and a high-transmittance glass protective lens 6;
the welding head body consists of a vertical channel and an L-shaped channel; one end of the L-shaped channel is communicated with the side surface of the vertical channel, and the other end of the L-shaped channel is connected with a laser; the upper end of the vertical channel is connected with a laser; the laser emitted by the laser at the upper end of the vertical channel sequentially passes through a collimating lens 1, a high-speed scanning galvanometer 2, a focusing lens 3, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens 4 and a high-transparent glass protective lens 6 which are arranged in the vertical channel from top to bottom; laser emitted by a laser on the L-shaped channel sequentially passes through another collimating lens 1 and a reflecting lens 5 which are arranged in the L-shaped channel, and is reflected to a high-transmittance glass protective lens 6 through a semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 arranged at the joint of the vertical channel and the L-shaped channel; the light sources of the two beams of laser are focused on a welding pool of a piece to be welded through a high-transmittance glass protective lens 6.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser beam on the left side is output by the optical fiber, collimated, vertically downward, controlled by the high-speed scanning galvanometer 2 to swing, converged by the focusing lens 3, and reaches the surface of the material to be welded on the bottom through the semi-transparent semi-reflective lens 4 and the high-transparent glass protective lens 6; the right laser beam is output by the optical fiber, collimated and then vertically downward, changed to the horizontal direction by the reflecting lens 6, converged by the focusing lens 3, and refracted to be vertically downward by the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 (in the schematic diagram, the light beams are distinguished, the relative positions are deviated, and the two laser beams can be focused on the same point of the surface to be welded when being static).
FIG. 4 shows the front formation of the weld when the 3mm thick titanium alloy butt joint is welded by conventional swing laser welding in example 1, because the temperature gradient is large, the welding speed is fast, and the center of the weld cracks and develops into a long crack.
FIG. 5 shows the front formation of a weld when a 3mm thick titanium alloy butt joint is welded in example 2 by the method of the present invention, and a swinging laser beam is used to stir at the rear and to remelt a crack sensitive region, thereby obtaining a crack-free weld under a slow cooling condition.
Example 3
This example differs from example 2 in that: the defocusing amount of the laser is plus or minus 15mm, the fixed laser power is 5000W, and the peak power P of the swinging laser is 2500W; p1 and P5 are both 60% P, P2 and P6 are both 40% P, P3 and P7 are both 100% P, and P4 and P8 are both 75% P; the welding speed is 5m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 400Hz, the oscillation length is 5mm, the oscillation width is 5mm, the protective gas adopts the mixed gas of Ar gas and inert gas, and the flow rate is 60L/min. The rest is the same as in example 2.
Example 4
This example differs from example 2 in that: the defocusing amount of the laser is +/-10 mm, the fixed laser power is 2000W, and the peak power P of the swinging laser is 2000W; p1 and P5 are both 60% P, P2 and P6 are both 40% P, P3 and P7 are both 100% P, and P4 and P8 are both 75% P; the welding speed is 3m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 200Hz, the oscillation length is 3mm, the oscillation width is 3mm, the protective gas adopts Ar gas, and the flow rate is 40L/min. The rest is the same as in example 2.
Example 5
This example differs from example 2 in that: the defocusing amount of the laser is +/-8 mm, the fixed laser power is 3000W, and the peak power P of the swinging laser is 1500W; p1 and P5 are both 60% P, P2 and P6 are both 40% P, P3 and P7 are both 100% P, and P4 and P8 are both 75% P; the welding speed is 4m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 100Hz, the oscillation length is 1mm, the oscillation width is 1mm, the protective gas adopts Ar gas, and the flow rate is 30L/min. The rest is the same as in example 2.
Example 6
This example differs from example 2 in that: the defocusing amount of the laser is +/-6 mm, the fixed laser power is 1500W, and the peak power P of the swinging laser is 800W; p1 and P5 are both 60% P, P2 and P6 are both 40% P, P3 and P7 are both 100% P, and P4 and P8 are both 75% P; the welding speed is 2m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 50Hz, the oscillation length is 2mm, the oscillation width is 2mm, the protective gas adopts Ar gas, and the flow rate is 50L/min. The rest is the same as in example 2.
The above embodiments 3 to 6 can achieve the technical effects of the present invention, and the effects are similar to those of embodiment 2.

Claims (6)

1. A double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting welding cracks of a high-strength titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, machining a part to be welded of a workpiece into required precision according to requirements, and polishing or cleaning the surfaces of two sides of the machined workpiece;
fixing the polished or cleaned workpiece to be welded on a welding tool fixture;
setting two beams of laser, wherein one beam of laser source is positioned at the front end of the welding pool, and the other beam of laser source periodically swings at the rear part of the welding pool to form a moving path; wherein, the motion path is an 8-shaped path;
selecting two points marked as P1 and P8 in the upper half part of a 10-20% length area of an 8-shaped path close to the front end of the welding pool, and selecting two points marked as P4 and P5 in the lower half part; two points are selected at the upper half part of a 10-20% length area of an 8-shaped path close to the rear end of the welding pool and are marked as P2 and P3, and two points are selected at the lower half part and are marked as P6 and P7; wherein the power of the swinging laser at the positions P1 and P5 is 40-70% of the peak power P of the swinging laser; the power of the swinging laser at the positions P2 and P6 is 20-50% of the peak power P of the swinging laser; the power of the swinging laser at the positions P4 and P8 is 60-80% of the peak power P of the swinging laser; the wobble laser power at P3 and P7 is the same as the wobble laser peak power P;
in the actual welding process, controlling welding process parameters by adopting a robot integrated system, firstly controlling a laser to emit laser, and then controlling the robot to move to finish the welding process;
the P1 is positioned above the turning point of the upper half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path, and the P8 is positioned below the turning point of the upper half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path; p4 is positioned above the turning point of the lower half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path, and P5 is positioned below the turning point of the lower half part of the front end of the 8-shaped path; p2 is positioned above the turning part of the upper half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path, and P3 is positioned below the turning part of the upper half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path; p6 is positioned below the turning point of the lower half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path, and P7 is positioned above the turning point of the lower half part of the rear end of the 8-shaped path.
2. The double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting the welding cracks of the high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the welding head of the double-beam laser comprises a collimating lens (1), a high-speed scanning galvanometer (2), a focusing lens (3), a semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens (4), a reflective lens (5) and a high-transparent glass protective lens (6);
the welding head consists of a vertical channel and an L-shaped channel; one end of the L-shaped channel is communicated with the side surface of the vertical channel, and the other end of the L-shaped channel is connected with a laser; the upper end of the vertical channel is connected with a laser; laser emitted by a laser at the upper end of the vertical channel sequentially passes through a collimating lens (1), a high-speed scanning galvanometer (2), a focusing lens (3), a semi-transparent semi-reflective lens (4) and a high-transmittance glass protective lens (6) which are arranged in the vertical channel from top to bottom; laser emitted by the laser on the L-shaped channel sequentially passes through another collimating lens (1) and a reflecting lens (5) which are arranged in the L-shaped channel, and is reflected to a high-transmittance glass protective lens (6) through a semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4) arranged at the joint of the vertical channel and the L-shaped channel; the light sources of the two beams of laser are focused on a welding pool of a piece to be welded through a high-transmittance glass protective lens (6).
3. The dual-beam laser weaving welding method for inhibiting the welding cracks of the high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein if the rear end of the welding pool is narrowed, the rear end of the 8-shaped path is narrowed; if the rear end of the weld pool is expanded, the rear end of the 8-shaped path is expanded.
4. The double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting the welding cracks of the high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that laser parameters are set as follows: the defocusing amount of the laser is minus 5 to plus 15mmThe fixed laser power is 1000-5000W, and the swing laser peak power P is 500-2500W; the welding speed is 0.5-5 m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 20-400 Hz, the oscillation length is 0.5-5 mm, the oscillation width is 0.5-5 mm, and Ar gas or Ar gas and CO are used as the protective gas2The flow rate of the mixed gas is 20-60L/min.
5. The double-beam laser swing welding method for inhibiting the welding cracks of the high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that laser parameters are set as follows: the defocusing amount of the laser is minus 5 to plus 15mm, the fixed laser power is 1000 to 5000W, and the peak power P of the swinging laser is 500 to 2500W; the welding speed is 0.5-5 m/min, the laser oscillation frequency is 100-300 Hz, the oscillation length is 2-4 mm, the oscillation width is 2-4 mm, and Ar gas or Ar gas and CO are used as protective gas2The flow rate of the mixed gas is 20-60L/min.
6. The dual-beam laser oscillation welding method for inhibiting the welding cracks of the high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the laser is CO2A gas laser, a YAG solid laser, a semiconductor laser, or a fiber laser.
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