CN115918322A

CN115918322A - Low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence oilseed rape pelletized seed and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115918322A
Application number: CN202211537713.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谭晓强; 蒯婕; 汪波; 王晶; 徐正华; 周广生
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-12-02
Filing date: 2022-12-02
Publication date: 2023-04-07

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rape seed pre-sowing treatment, and particularly discloses a rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence and a preparation method thereof, wherein the rape seed pelleting formula comprises a mixture of an adhesive, an inert filling material and an exogenous active substance, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2; the exogenous active substance comprises biochar and trehalose. The formula is beneficial to the germination and seedling emergence of the rapes under adverse conditions such as low temperature and the like after the delay of the sowing period, and can obviously improve the quality of seedlings.

Description

Low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence oilseed rape pelletized seed and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rape seed pre-sowing treatment, in particular to a rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Rape is one of the most important oil crops in the world and China, the Yangtze river valley is the main production area for planting rice and rape in China, the area is mainly based on a rice-oil or rice-oil-again-oil triple cropping crop rotation planting system and a direct-seeding winter rape planting mode, but the rape seedling emergence in the field of direct-seeding rape is difficult due to delayed seeding and low temperature of the seedling emergence stage, the seedlings after seedling emergence are weak, the uniformity is poor and the like, and finally the rape seed yield is low and unstable, and the production benefit is low. Particularly, on one hand, with the diversified development mode of rice production such as double cropping rice, regeneration rice and the like, the crop rotation contradiction problem is increasingly aggravated, the rape sowing period is subject to more serious delay, and the extreme environments such as low temperature, rain, snow and the like can greatly influence the emergence and seedling formation of the direct-seeding rape seeds. On the other hand, with the development of modern agricultural technology and the popularization of mechanized equipment, the unmanned aerial vehicle air seeding technology plays an increasingly important role in the direct seeding rape production, and the problems of air seeding, seed floating, uneven seeding and the like caused by small and light rape seeds still need to be solved urgently.

The pre-sowing treatment of the seeds is various treatment measures which are performed on the seeds before sowing in order to accelerate the physiological metabolic process in the seeds, promote germination and sprouting and provide seedling quality. The seed treatment can restore the seed vitality to a certain extent, reduce the decline of the seed vitality caused in the seed breeding and storing processes, and simultaneously can prevent and treat the plant diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage and increase the nutrition of the seedlings, thereby promoting the growth and development of crops and improving the yield. The methods of seed treatment are classified into physical methods, chemical methods, biopesticide methods, seed priming, seed soaking, coating, pelleting and the like according to attributes. The seed pelleting technology is a novel seed treatment technology which is based on the seed film coating technology and is added with inert fillers and specific exogenous active ingredients, thereby increasing the seed quality, increasing the mechanical strength of the seeds and improving the stress resistance of the seeds. It is prepared through coating the surface of seed with special adhesive and inert filler in certain proportion. Meanwhile, the pelleted coated seeds added with exogenous active substances can effectively improve the seed vitality, the germination speed and the germination rate and improve the stress resistance; in addition, for crop seeds with smaller particles, the coating can increase the volume and the size of the crop seeds are uniform, and the fillers in the coating layer can provide certain nutrients for the seeds during germination, so that the germination vigor and the basic quality of the seedlings are improved, the realization of full and strong seedlings in one sowing is facilitated, and the production benefit of mechanical direct sowing is greatly improved.

At present, the research on the seed pelleting technology process and the machine equipment in China is still in the initial stage, and the research on the rape seed pelleting is more limited. The prior art still has the production problems of difficult emergence, irregular emergence, weak emergence and the like caused by low temperature in the germination and emergence period of the direct-seeding rape seeds under the late-sowing condition.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, a rape seed pelleting formula for low temperature resistant germination and emergence and a preparation method thereof are needed to be provided, so that the production problems of difficult germination and emergence and low seedling quality of rape under adverse conditions of low temperature and the like in the prior art are solved.

A rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence comprises: the adhesive comprises a mixture of an adhesive, an inert filling material and an exogenous active substance, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2; the exogenous active substance comprises biochar and trehalose.

Preferably, the mass of the biochar is 5% -20% of the inert filling material, and the ratio of the mass of the trehalose to the mass of the seeds for pelleting is 1:50-200.

Preferably, the binder is an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

Preferably, the concentration of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution is 1-3%.

Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 2%.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the diatomite to the talcum powder to the attapulgite is 2.

A preparation method of rape seed pelleting for low temperature resistant germination and emergence comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting, disinfecting and drying seeds to be treated to obtain target seeds T0;

s2, uniformly mixing the biochar, trehalose and an inert filling material to obtain mixed powder;

s3, spraying an aqueous solution of the adhesive on the surface of the target seed T0 to enable the target seed T0 to be adhered but not to agglomerate, and obtaining a target seed T1;

s4, placing a part of the mixed powder and the target seeds T1 in a coating machine for pelleting to obtain target seeds T2;

s5, spraying an aqueous solution of the adhesive on the surface of the target seed T2 to obtain a target seed T3; placing the mixed powder and the target seeds T3 in a coating machine for pelleting to obtain target seeds T4;

s6, repeating the steps S3, S4 and S5 twice to obtain a target seed T5, and then continuing to rotate in a coating machine to fully coat the seeds and the mixed powder;

s7, standing and airing the pelleted rape seeds obtained by the treatment at room temperature or drying the pelleted rape seeds at low temperature, sealing and drying the pelleted rape seeds for storage.

Preferably, the rotating speed of the pelleting is 45r/min, and the rotating time is 2-5min.

Preferably, the rotating speed for pelleting in the step S4 is 45r/min, and the rotating time is 2min; in the step S5, the rotating speed for pelleting is 45r/min, and the rotating time is 2min; in the step S6, the rotating speed of the coating machine is 45r/min, and the rotating time is 5min.

According to the rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence, a mixture based on biochar, trehalose and an inert filling material is used as an outer layer structure to coat original rape seeds to form pelleted seeds, the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium serving as a binder is cooperated with the diatomite and the attapulgite to ensure pelleting forming and simultaneously improve the seed quality and mechanical strength, and the talcum powder is beneficial to more smoothness of the pelleted seeds. The trehalose is a typical stress metabolite, can form a unique protective film on the cell surface under severe environmental conditions such as high cold, high temperature, high osmotic pressure, dry dehydration and the like, and effectively protects a biological molecular structure from being damaged, so that the life process and biological characteristics of a living body are maintained. According to the invention, trehalose and biochar are combined, and the result of verification shows that trehalose, biochar, diatomite and attapulgite cooperate to improve the cold resistance of seeds and can also cooperate to improve the stress resistance of the seeds so as to promote low-temperature germination and seedling emergence. The germination rate of the rape after the delay of the sowing period under adverse conditions such as low temperature and the like is obviously improved, the seedling quality can be obviously improved, the problems of difficult seedling emergence, slow seedling emergence, irregular seedling emergence and slow growth of the direct-sowing rape in a rice-oil or rice-oil-rice triple cropping planting mode can be effectively solved, and the method has important significance for developing and utilizing the winter fallow field by utilizing the late direct-sowing rape.

According to the preparation method for the rape seed pelleting for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence, the obtained pelleted rape seeds can obviously improve the germination rate of rape under the adverse conditions of normal temperature, low temperature and the like, improve the seedling quality and promote the root system development of rape seedlings; the scheme is suitable for processing by a pelleting coating machine, is convenient for forming pelleted rape seeds with good appearance, uniform size and high mechanical strength, and meets the technical requirements of mechanical sowing and precision sowing; the invention has the characteristics of convenient operation and use, controllable cost, obvious benefit, adaptability to the development requirement of modern agriculture and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the behaviour of the seedlings of Brassica napus grown on day 14 of the germination cultivation of the pelleted seeds (example 3) according to the present protocol in a low-temperature incubator at 15 ℃/10 ℃ (16 h/8 h), in comparison with the control of dry seeds which have not undergone any treatment;

FIG. 2 shows the germination rates of the mixture-pelletized rape seeds in different proportions;

FIG. 3 shows the germination time of the mixture-pelletized rape seeds in different proportions.

Detailed Description

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature germination resistant seedling emergence comprises a mixture of an adhesive, an inert filling material and an exogenous active substance, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite which have the mass ratio of 2. The exogenous active substance comprises biochar and trehalose. The mass of the biochar is 5% of that of the inert filling material, and the ratio of the mass of the trehalose to the mass of the seeds for pelleting is 1:50. the adhesive is an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with a concentration of 1%.

Example 2

The rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence comprises a mixture of an adhesive, an inert filling material and an exogenous active substance, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2. The exogenous active substance comprises biochar and trehalose. The mass of the biochar is 20% of that of the inert filling material, and the ratio of the mass of the trehalose to the mass of the seeds for pelleting is 1:50. the adhesive is an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with a concentration of 3%.

Example 3

The rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence comprises a mixture of an adhesive, an inert filling material and an exogenous active substance, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2. The exogenous active substance comprises biochar and trehalose. The mass of the biochar is 10% of that of the inert filling material, and the ratio of the mass of the trehalose to the mass of the seeds for pelleting is 1:50. the adhesive is sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with the concentration of 2%.

The above examples 1-3 were all prepared using the following preparation method for rape seed pelleting:

s1, selecting No. 11 rape seeds (selected by oil crop research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) in rape varieties as rape seeds to be treated, disinfecting the seeds for 15m minutes by using 1% of sodium hypochlorite, washing the seeds for 3-5 times by using distilled water, standing and airing at room temperature for later use to obtain target seeds T0.

S2, weighing diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 2.

S3, spraying the aqueous solution of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose corresponding to the mass concentration of each embodiment on the surface of the target seed T0 to enable the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to be adhered but not agglomerated, and obtaining a target seed T1;

s4, putting the mixed powder and the target seeds T1 into a granulating barrel inner coating machine of a BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine for pelleting, starting the BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine, rotating at the rotating speed of 45r/min for 2min, and screening out redundant mixed powder to obtain target seeds T2;

s5, spraying a proper amount of aqueous solution of the adhesive on the surface of the target seed T2 to obtain a target seed T3; placing the mixed powder and the target seeds T3 in a coating machine for pelleting, and rotating at the rotating speed of 45r/min for 2min to obtain target seeds T4;

s6, repeating the steps S3, S4 and S5 twice to obtain target seeds T5, and then continuing to rotate at the rotating speed of 45r/min for 5min to fully and completely wrap the seeds and the mixed powder;

s7, standing and airing the pelletized rape seeds obtained by the treatment at room temperature or drying at 42 ℃, sealing and drying for storage.

Comparative example 1

Compared with example 1, comparative example 1 is only slightly different from example 1 in the formulation of pelleting, and the weight ratio of diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in comparative example 1 is 1.

Comparative example 2

Compared with example 1, comparative example 2 is only slightly different from example 1 in the pelleting formula, and the weight ratio of diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in comparative example 2 is 2.

Comparative example 3

In comparison with example 2, comparative example 3 differs slightly from example 2 only in the pelleted formulation, the ratio of the mass of trehalose to the mass of seed used for the pelletisation being 1:500.

comparative example 4

Comparative example 4 compared to example 3, the pelleted formulation only differed slightly from example 3, and in comparative example 4 the ratio of the mass of trehalose to the mass of seed used for pelleting was 1:500.

comparative example 5

Comparative example 5 compared to example 3, the pelletised formulation only differed slightly from example 3, and in comparative example 5, no biochar was added.

Comparative example 6

Comparative example 6 compared to example 3, the pelleted formulation only differed slightly from example 3, and in comparative example 6, trehalose was not added.

TABLE 1 different proportions of pelleted seed materials

Test example

(1) Testing materials: untreated dry seeds of medium double No. 11 (national oil 2008030) were used as a control group, and pelletized rape seeds of medium double No. 11 prepared in example 3 were used as a treatment group.

(2) And (3) testing conditions: 10 ml of distilled water was added to germination boxes (12 cm. Times.12 cm. Times.6 cm) each of which was covered with two layers of germination paper, so that 100 seeds were placed in each box. Placing the germination boxes in an incubator for germination, setting the day/night illumination as 13000/0lx, the temperature as normal temperature 25 ℃/20 ℃ (16 h/8 h), the low temperature as 15 ℃/10 ℃ (16 h/8 h), and setting 3 biological repetitions for each treatment; 1 ml of water was added daily to keep the germination boxes moist.

(3) Survey recording: the germination and emergence numbers are counted every day, the standard of germination is that the bud length is larger than 1mm, and the standard of emergence is that young stems are upright, cotyledons are flat, and the color of the leaves is changed from light yellow to light green. Continuously investigating for 7 days after sowing in a normal-temperature control group, continuously investigating for 14 days after sowing in a low-temperature treatment group, sampling, measuring the root length and the stem length, putting the root length and the stem length into an oven at 85 ℃ for 48 hours, and weighing. Counting and calculating the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average germination time, the seedling vitality index and the like, wherein the specific calculation mode is as follows:

germination rate = number of germinated seeds/total number of test seeds × 100%;

emergence rate = number of normal seedlings/total number of test seeds × 100%;

germination vigor = number of germinated seeds/total number of test seeds on the third day × 100%;

average germination time = ∑ (Gt × Dt)/∑ Gt, (Gt means number of seeds germinated on the t-th day, dt means the day after sowing);

seedling vigor index (W) = germination percentage × total dry weight.

(4) And (4) counting results: tables 2, 3, 4, FIG. 2 data analysis and mapping were performed using Image J software, SPSS 26.0 software, and GraphPad Prism 9 software, and the results are expressed as mean + -SD. The experimental data were analyzed for variance and compared to mean of multiple range test of duncan, and statistical significance for all experiments was set at p <0.05.

The observation of the seedling behavior on day 14 in the low temperature incubator (15/10 ℃) is shown in FIG. 1, the germination is shown in Table 2, and the seedling condition is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 2 germination of different seeds

TABLE 3 seedling Condition of different seeds

Experimental results show that after the rape pelleted seeds prepared by the invention germinate at low temperature for 14 days, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the germination vigor, the dry weight of seedlings, the root length, the seedling length and the seedling vigor index (W) are all obviously increased and respectively reach 11.9%, 17.4%, 243.5%, 45.9%, 121.2%, 56.3% and 63.1% compared with a control; the average germination time is shortened by 4.3% compared with the control.

The germination rates and average germination times of the pelletized seeds obtained by the treatments of examples and comparative examples were compared, and the results are shown in table 4, and more intuitively, the corresponding comparison graphs of the germination rates and average germination times of the pelletized seeds are shown in fig. 2 and 3.

TABLE 4 comparative data on germination of pelleted seeds

In combination with table 4, it can be seen that, compared with example 3, comparative example 6 only shows that the pelleting formula is slightly different from example 3, i.e. trehalose is not added in comparative example 6, the germination rate of comparative example 6 is lower than that of example 3, and the average germination time is later than that of example 3, which shows that the germination, emergence and seedling quality can be improved under adverse conditions such as low temperature after the propagation delay and the like compared with the case of adding the trehalose alone by using the biochar as the exogenous active substance. Compared with the example 3, the only difference between the pelleting formula of the comparative example 5 and the example 3 is that the biochar is not added in the comparative example 5, which shows that the germination, emergence and seedling quality of the seedlings can be improved under the adverse conditions of low temperature and the like after the propagation delay after the addition of the biochar compared with the trehalose which is used as the exogenous active substance. Therefore, by combining example 3, comparative example 5 and comparative example 6, it is shown that trehalose, biochar, diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite cooperate to improve the cold resistance of seeds, and at the same time, the stress resistance of the seeds can be improved more synergistically, and low-temperature germination and seedling emergence of the seeds are promoted. Compared to example 3, the ratio of the mass of trehalose to the mass of seed used for pelleting in comparative example 4 was 1:500, it is indicated that too little trehalose addition affects germination rate and germination time. Compared with example 1, the ratio of diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in comparative example 1 is 1. With reference to examples 1-3, it is demonstrated that the mass of biochar is 20% of the inert filler material, and the germination, emergence and seedling quality are optimal when the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 3%.

In conclusion, the pelleting rape seeds treated by the low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence rape seed pelleting formula and the method can improve the germination and emergence conditions and the seedling quality under the adverse conditions of low temperature and the like after the delay of the sowing period, and the comprehensive performance is optimal.

The technical scheme is suitable for rape seed pelleting formula for promoting rape germination and emergence, improving seedling quality and promoting seedling growth and development under adverse conditions such as low temperature after the delay of the sowing period, can obviously improve rape seedling quality and the emergence rate under the low-temperature environment, is favorable for realizing the production targets of direct sowing rape full seedlings and strong seedlings under a rice-oil or rice-re-oil triple cropping planting mode, and provides a brand new technical scheme for delaying the rape seedling alignment, full seedlings and strong seedlings under the adverse conditions of the low temperature in the sowing period.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rape seed pelleting formula for low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence is characterized by comprising the following components: the adhesive comprises a mixture of an adhesive, an inert filling material and an exogenous active substance, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite with the mass ratio of 2; the exogenous active substance comprises biochar and trehalose.

2. The rape seed pelleting formula according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the biochar is 5% -20% of the inert filling material, and the ratio of the mass of the trehalose to the mass of the seeds for pelleting is 1:50-200.

3. The canola seed pelleting formulation of claim 1, wherein the binder is an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

4. The canola seed pelleting formulation of claim 3, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 1-3%.

5. The rapeseed seed pelleting formulation according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 2%.

6. The rape seed pelleting formula as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the diatomite, the talcum powder and the attapulgite is 2.

7. A method of producing rape seed pelletization resistant to low temperature germination as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:

s5, spraying an aqueous solution of the adhesive on the surface of the target seed T2 to obtain a target seed T3; placing the mixed powder and the target seeds T3 into a coating machine for pelleting to obtain target seeds T4;

s7, standing and airing the pelletized rape seeds obtained by the treatment at room temperature or drying the rape seeds at low temperature, sealing and drying the rape seeds for storage.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the speed of the pelletization is 45r/min and the rotation time is 2-5min.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the rape seed is pelletized at a rotation speed of 45r/min for 2min in step S4; in the step S5, the rotating speed for pelleting is 45r/min, and the rotating time is 2min; in the step S6, the rotating speed of the coating machine is 45r/min, and the rotating time is 5min.