CN114097354B - Flood-resistant direct seeding rice seed coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flood-resistant direct seeding rice seed coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097354B CN114097354B CN202111329361.7A CN202111329361A CN114097354B CN 114097354 B CN114097354 B CN 114097354B CN 202111329361 A CN202111329361 A CN 202111329361A CN 114097354 B CN114097354 B CN 114097354B
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- CJUUXVFWKYRHAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid sodium salt Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 CJUUXVFWKYRHAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-butyric acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YLPGTOIOYRQOHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pretilachlor Chemical compound CCCOCCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(CC)C=CC=C1CC YLPGTOIOYRQOHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium peroxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][O-] SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004995 magnesium peroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940071826 hydroxyethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 31
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 7
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010002660 Anoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000976983 Anoxia Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-logging-resistant direct seeding rice seed coating and a preparation method thereof. The method takes rice seeds as cores, and comprises an oxygenation germination layer, a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer, a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer and the like from inside to outside, wherein the rice seeds are coated according to layers in four procedures to obtain the coated rice seeds. Specifically, the raw materials required for preparing the coating are as follows, according to parts by weight, per 50-70 parts of rice seeds: 10 to 15 parts of water, 3 to 6 parts of oxygenation germination layer, 2 to 4 parts of nutrient supply layer, 2 to 4 parts of drought-resistant water-retaining layer, 1 to 3 parts of sterilization grass-inhibiting layer and 15 to 24 parts of high polymer binder. The directly-seeding coated rice seeds prepared by the method can resist water flooding, solve the problems of uneven rice seed emergence, more weeds, bird damage, rat damage and other direct seeding rice production problems caused by low-lying water flooding of rice fields, and can resist drought to a certain extent. The invention has simple production process and labor and cost saving, and the prepared water-logging-resistant direct seeding coated rice seed is suitable for the modern unmanned aerial vehicle direct seeding or precision hole direct seeding and other light simplified cultivation machines, and can be beneficial to promoting the large-area application of direct seeding rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting. More particularly, relates to a water-logging-resistant direct seeding rice seed coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The direct seeding of rice is a light and simplified efficient cultivation mode, and the mode reduces the procedures of raising rice seedlings, pulling out rice seedlings, transplanting rice seedlings and the like, so that the labor force and the labor intensity in the whole production process are greatly reduced. Compared with the traditional manual transplanting, the labor efficiency of the direct seeding rice can be improved by 3-5 times, and if the mechanical or the flying seeding technology is combined, the labor efficiency can be greatly improved. The direct seeding rice production has the advantages of labor saving, cost saving, efficiency improvement, yield increase, income increase and the like. However, direct seeding of rice is easily affected by climatic conditions, and seedling emergence is often uneven and irregular, and is mainly caused by the difference of topography, soil preparation level, unavoidable field ponding phenomenon, and low seedling emergence rate due to rotten seeds and rotten buds caused by flooding and anoxia.
The direct seeding of paddy rice mainly uses direct seeding of water, especially in south China, rainfall is frequent, even if seeding is carried out in dry direct seeding areas, the direct seeding is often submerged by rainwater, and the phenomena of no emergence of seedlings in the places where low-lying water is submerged, lack of water and dead buds in high-land drought and the like occur due to the influence of factors such as topography, soil softness, mechanical soil preparation level and the like, so that the direct seeding rice has become the biggest obstacle factor for preventing the popularization of direct seeding rice. The most important factors of low-lying flooding affecting seed germination are oxygen deficiency and water deficiency of dead buds of high-land drought, so that hypoxia and drought are the problem of irregular seedling emergence of direct seeding rice. In addition, because of traditional direct seeding mode, the rice seeds are directly sowed on moist soil surface, can cause the harm of birds and mouse, and the water flooded rice seeds are direct seeding emergence, can solve the drought lack of water in the highland and die the bud problem, and foremost, because the seed germinates under water and emerges, the harm of bird and mouse has been prevented, has restrained the growth of weeds to a certain extent simultaneously.
Researches show that the problems can be solved after the seeds are treated by adopting coating or pelleting coating and the like, so that the emergence rate of the rice seeds is improved; the preparation and application method of the cold-resistant and flooding-resistant seed coating agent for direct-seeding rice mainly adopts cold-resistant active ingredients, penetrating agents, oxygenation agents, insecticidal bactericides, trace element fertilizers, plant growth regulators, adhesives and other ingredients to improve the cold resistance and the flooding resistance of the direct-seeding rice. However, most of rice seed coating used at present is to directly carry out mixed coating treatment on different components by simple mechanical coating or pelleting, so that the conditions required by rice seed germination are difficult to meet, and the coated rice seed is not prepared according to the actual condition of direct seeding rice production, so that the popularization and application of the coated rice seed are greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of low-lying water-flooded seedling emergence difficulty, more weeds, bird damage, rat damage and the like of direct-seeding rice in the prior art, and provides a water-flooding-resistant coated rice seed and a preparation method thereof.
The invention aims to provide a flooding-resistant rice seed coating.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of coating flood resistant rice seeds.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the water-logging-resistant direct seeding rice seed coating sequentially comprises an oxygenation germination layer, a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer and a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer from inside to outside.
The invention starts from the practical production of direct seeding rice, and the working procedures of oxygenation germination layer, nutrient supply layer, drought-resistant water-retaining layer, sterilization and grass-inhibition layer and the like are sequentially coated according to the germination condition of rice seeds. The oxygenation germination layer and the drought-resistant water-retaining layer are used for solving the production problems that the seed germination is inhibited by low-lying flooding of the direct-seeding rice and the dead buds are lack of water in the high-altitude drought; the nutrient supply layer and the sterilization grass inhibition layer are used for solving the problems that root system foraging is difficult, root system growth is blocked, early weeds are more, and the like; the rice seeds germinate and emerge under water, thus solving the outstanding problems of bird damage, mouse damage and the like. The four layers of coatings can well balance and solve the problems of flooding, drought, and direct seeding rice production problems of more weeds, bird damage, mouse damage and the like according to a specific sequence.
Preferably, the oxygen increasing germination layer is made of one or more of calcium peroxide, urea peroxide, magnesium peroxide, sodium naphthalene acetate or indolebutyric acid.
Preferably, the nutrient supply layer is made of one or more of urea, monopotassium phosphate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, EDTA-Zn, potassium fulvate or amino acid.
Preferably, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer is made of one or more of polyacrylamide, potassium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate or super absorbent resin.
Preferably, the sterilization and weed suppression layer is prepared from one or more of carbendazim, tricyclazole, pretilachlor or oryzanol.
Preferably, the oxygenation germination layer, the nutrient supply layer, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer and the sterilization grass-inhibiting layer are all made by coating technology.
Preferably, the adhesive adopted by the oxygenation germination layer in the coating preparation is water; the binder used for the nutrient supply layer, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer and the sterilization grass-inhibiting layer is a high molecular organic matter.
Preferably, the raw materials required for preparing the coating are as follows, according to parts by weight, per 50-70 parts of rice seeds: 10 to 15 parts of water, 3 to 6 parts of oxygenation germination layer raw materials, 2 to 4 parts of nutrient supply layer raw materials, 2 to 4 parts of drought-resistant water-retaining layer raw materials, 1 to 3 parts of sterilization grass-inhibiting layer raw materials and 15 to 24 parts of high polymer binders.
Preferably, the polymer binder is obtained by uniformly mixing polymer organic matters and water, wherein the mass percentages of the polymer organic matters and the water are 18-24% and 76-82%, respectively.
Preferably, the polymer organic matter is one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, sepiolite, diatomite or bentonite.
Preferably, the rice seed coating is prepared by the following steps: firstly, wetting rice seeds, and then coating the wetted rice seeds layer by layer to obtain coated rice seeds which sequentially comprise an oxygenation germination layer, a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer and a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer from inside to outside; wherein, each layer of coating is dried after finishing, and the materials which are not coated successfully are removed and then the next layer of coating is carried out.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 30-50 ℃ and the drying time is 6-12 h.
Preferably, the usage amount of the polymer binder is 8-12% of the mass of the rice seeds coated at the previous stage when the nutrient supply layer, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer and the sterilization and weed-suppression layer are coated.
Preferably, the coating operation is carried out for a period of 20 to 60 seconds.
Preferably, the method for removing the uncoated material is to pass through a 10-30 mesh screen.
Namely, the specific preparation method of the rice seed coating comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a high polymer binder: mixing the polymer organic matter and water (18-24:76-82) uniformly to obtain a polymer binder;
s2, coating an oxygenation germination layer: adding wet rice seeds, coating the wet rice seeds by using the raw materials of the oxygenation germination layer, drying, sieving with a 10-30-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not coated successfully to obtain the oxygenation germination layer coated rice seeds;
s3, coating a nutrient supply layer: adding a high molecular binder accounting for 8-12% of the weight of the coated rice seeds into the oxygen-enriched germination layer coated rice seeds obtained in the step S2, adding a nutrient supply layer raw material to coat for 20-60 seconds, drying, sieving with a 10-30 mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not coated successfully to obtain the oxygen-enriched germination and nutrient supply double-layer coated rice seeds;
s4, coating a drought-resistant water-retaining layer: adding a high polymer binder accounting for 8-12% of the weight of the double-layer coated rice seeds obtained in the step S3, then adding drought-resistant and water-retaining layer raw materials to coat for 20-60 seconds, drying, sieving with a 10-30 mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not coated successfully to obtain the three-layer coated rice seeds with oxygen increasing germination, nutrient supply and drought resistance and water retaining;
s5, sterilizing and weed inhibiting layers: and (3) adding a high polymer binder accounting for 8-12% of the weight of the three-layer coated rice seeds obtained in the step (S4), then adding a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer raw material to coat for 20-60 seconds, drying, sieving with a 10-30-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the four-layer coated rice seeds of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance, water retention and sterilization grass inhibition.
The invention adopts 4 layers of coating, the polymer binder is one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, sepiolite, diatomite or bentonite, and the binder is composed of polymer organic matters, and the polymer organic matters are mutually crosslinked to form a similar compact grid structure, so that substances in the oxygenation germination layer and the nutrient supply layer can be effectively prevented from flowing out. And then adding a drought-resistant water-retaining layer to prevent rice buds from being damaged due to lack of water in the highland. Finally, a sterilizing and weed-suppressing layer is coated outside the coated rice seeds, so that the risks of diseases and weed damage of the direct-seeding rice are solved. The method can prepare coated rice seeds with high seed activity, flood resistance and less diseases, insects and grass injury.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the rice seed coating layer produced by the invention contains oxygen and nutrients required by rice seed germination, which is beneficial to the rice seed germination; the composition contains bactericides, herbicides and the like, is favorable for preventing diseases and weeds from growing, and solves the risks of diseases, insects and weeds of direct-seeding rice. The invention researches the specific sequence of the coating layer, and the coating is carried out according to the germination conditions of rice seeds, thereby being beneficial to the germination and robust growth of the rice seeds.
The coating material used in the invention comprises an oxygenation germination layer, a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer and a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer, the proportion is reasonable, the coating rice seed prepared by the invention can resist flooding and emerge, the rice seed germinates under water, and bird damage, rat damage and the like are prevented; the appearance shape of seeds is improved by adopting multiple coatings, so that direct seeding of unmanned aerial vehicles and mechanical holes is facilitated, the rice seed consumption is saved, and the production cost is reduced; the preparation process is simple, the production cost is low, and the preparation method is easy to implement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a coated rice seed.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the direct seeding flood-resistant growth vigor of coated rice seeds.
FIG. 3 shows the flood-resistant germination of coated rice seeds.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the growth of the coated rice seeds of comparative examples 1 to 5 in direct seeding flood resistance.
Drawing and annotating: in the figures, I to V correspond to the coated rice seeds prepared in examples 1 to 5, and CK is a control group.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention are those conventional in the art.
Reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of a high-molecular binder:
according to the weight portions of 2 portions of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3 portions of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 portions of xanthan gum, 2 portions of sodium alginate and 10 portions of sepiolite, the mixture is fully and evenly mixed, 81 portions of tap water is added, and the polymer binder is obtained after even stirring.
(2) Screening of full rice seeds:
separating the blighted grains from the solid grains by adopting a blower, retaining the solid grains, and selecting a screen with the width of about 2/3 of the grain size according to the grain size of the rice to remove impurities with small grain size, thereby obtaining full rice seeds.
(3) Coating an oxygenation germination layer:
50 parts of the filled rice seeds in the step (2) are added into a coating machine, 10 parts of tap water (serving as a binder) is added to wet the rice seeds, then 3 parts of calcium peroxide, 0.05 part of sodium naphthalene acetate and 0.05 part of indolebutyric acid are added, uniformly mixed, coated for 30 seconds, air-blast dried, screened by a screen with 10 meshes, and the materials which are not coated successfully are removed, so that the oxygen-enriched germination layer coated rice seeds are obtained.
(4) And (3) coating a nutrient supply layer:
adding the oxygen-enriched germination layer coated rice seeds in the step (3) into a coating machine, adding 4 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.2 part of urea, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of EDTA-Zn and 1.0 part of amino acid, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 40 seconds, passing through a 10-mesh screen, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the oxygen-enriched germination and nutrient supply double-layer coated rice seeds.
(5) Drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (4) into a coating machine, adding 5 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 1.5 parts of polyacrylamide and 0.8 part of super absorbent resin, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the three-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance and water retention.
(6) Sterilizing and grass inhibiting layer:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (5) into a coating machine, adding 6 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.5 part of carbendazim and 0.8 part of pretilachlor, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the four-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance, water retention, sterilization and grass inhibition, as shown in the I in the figure 1.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of a high-molecular binder:
and (3) fully and uniformly mixing 3 parts by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts by mass of sodium alginate and 12 parts by mass of diatomite, adding 80 parts by mass of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polymer binder.
(2) Screening of full rice seeds:
separating the blighted grains from the solid grains by adopting a blower, retaining the solid grains, and selecting a screen with the width of about 2/3 of the grain size according to the grain size of the rice to remove impurities with small grain size, thereby obtaining full rice seeds.
(3) Coating an oxygenation germination layer:
60 parts of the filled rice seeds in the step (2) are added into a coating machine, 15 parts of tap water (serving as a binder) is added to wet the rice seeds, then 5 parts of urea peroxide, 0.10 part of sodium naphthalene acetate and 0.10 part of indolebutyric acid are added, uniformly mixed, coated for 30 seconds, air-blast dried, screened by a screen mesh with 10 meshes, and the materials which are not coated successfully are removed, so that the oxygen-enriched germination layer coated rice seeds are obtained.
(4) And (3) coating a nutrient supply layer:
adding the oxygenation germination layer coated rice seeds in the step (3) into a coating machine, adding 5 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.4 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 part of calcium nitrate, 1.0 part of EDTA-Zn and 1.5 parts of potassium fulvate, uniformly mixing, coating for 40 seconds, drying by blowing, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the oxygenation germination and nutrient supply double-layer coated rice seeds.
(5) Drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (4) into a coating machine, adding 6 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 2.0 parts of potassium polyacrylate and 1.2 parts of high water absorption resin, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the three-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance and water retention.
(6) Sterilizing and grass inhibiting layer: adding the rice seeds obtained in the step 5) into a coating machine, adding 7 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.8 part of tricyclazole and 1.0 part of oryzanol, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the four-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance, water retention, sterilization and grass inhibition, as shown in II in the figure 1.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of a high-molecular binder:
and (3) fully and uniformly mixing 1 part by mass of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 4 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts by mass of xanthan gum and 10 parts by mass of bentonite, adding 82 parts by mass of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the high polymer binder.
(2) Screening of full rice seeds:
separating the blighted grains from the solid grains by adopting a blower, retaining the solid grains, and selecting a screen with the width of about 2/3 of the grain size according to the grain size of the rice to remove impurities with small grain size, thereby obtaining full rice seeds.
(3) Coating an oxygenation germination layer:
70 parts of the full rice seeds in the step (2) are added into a coating machine, 15 parts of tap water (serving as a binder) is added to wet the rice seeds, then 4 parts of magnesium peroxide, 0.15 part of sodium naphthalene acetate and 0.15 part of indolebutyric acid are added, uniformly mixed, coated, dried by blowing after 30 seconds, and filtered by a screen with 10 meshes, and the materials which are not coated successfully are removed, so that the oxygen-enriched germination layer coated rice seeds are obtained.
(4) And (3) coating a nutrient supply layer:
adding the oxygen-enriched germinated layer coated rice seeds in the step (3) into a coating machine, adding 6 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.5 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.3 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.6 part of EDTA-Zn and 1.5 parts of amino acid, uniformly mixing, coating for 40 seconds, drying by blowing, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not coated successfully, thus obtaining the oxygen-enriched germinated and nutrient-supplied double-layer coated rice seeds.
(5) Drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (4) into a coating machine, adding 7 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 1.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 0.6 part of super absorbent resin, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the three-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance and water retention.
(6) Sterilizing and grass inhibiting layer:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (5) into a coating machine, adding 8 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.5 part of carbendazim, 0.5 part of tricyclazole and 1.2 parts of pretilachlor, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, passing through a 10-mesh screen, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the four-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygen increasing germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance, water retention, sterilization and grass inhibition, as shown in a III in fig. 1.
Example 4
(1) Preparation of a high-molecular binder:
and (3) fully and uniformly mixing 4 parts by mass of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 1 part by mass of xanthan gum, 4 parts by mass of sodium alginate and 10 parts by mass of diatomite, adding 81 parts by mass of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polymer binder.
(2) Screening of full rice seeds:
separating the blighted grains from the solid grains by adopting a blower, retaining the solid grains, and selecting a screen with the width of about 2/3 of the grain size according to the grain size of the rice to remove impurities with small grain size, thereby obtaining full rice seeds.
(3) Coating an oxygenation germination layer:
adding 55 parts of full rice seeds in the step (2) into a coating machine, adding 12 parts of tap water (serving as a binder) to wet the rice seeds, then adding 1 part of calcium peroxide, 2 parts of urea peroxide and 0.05 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated by a 10-mesh screen mesh to obtain the oxygen-increasing germination layer coated rice seeds.
(4) And (3) coating a nutrient supply layer:
adding the oxygenation germination layer coated rice seeds in the step (3) into a coating machine, adding 5 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.2 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of EDTA-Zn, 0.8 part of amino acid and 0.5 part of potassium fulvate, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 40 seconds, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated by a screen mesh of 10 meshes, thus obtaining the oxygenation germination and nutrient supply double-layer coated rice seeds.
(5) Drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (4) into a coating machine, adding 6 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 1.5 parts of polyacrylamide, 0.5 part of sodium polydienoate and 0.6 part of super absorbent resin, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, passing through a 10-mesh screen, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the three-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance and water retention.
(6) Sterilizing and grass inhibiting layer:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (5) into a coating machine, adding 7 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.8 part of tricyclazole and 0.6 part of oryzanol, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the four-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance, water retention, sterilization and grass inhibition, as shown in IV in figure 1.
Example 5
(1) Preparation of a high-molecular binder:
and (3) fully and uniformly mixing 4 parts by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts by mass of xanthan gum, 2 parts by mass of sodium alginate and 12 parts by mass of bentonite, adding 76 parts by mass of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polymer binder.
(2) Screening of full rice seeds:
separating the blighted grains from the solid grains by adopting a blower, retaining the solid grains, and selecting a screen with the width of about 2/3 of the grain size according to the grain size of the rice to remove impurities with small grain size, thereby obtaining full rice seeds.
(3) Coating an oxygenation germination layer:
adding 65 parts of full rice seeds in the step (2) into a coating machine, adding 14 parts of tap water (serving as a binder) to wet the rice seeds, then adding 3 parts of magnesium peroxide, 1 part of urea peroxide and 0.05 part of indolebutyric acid, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, and removing materials which are not successfully coated by a 10-mesh screen mesh to obtain the oxygen-increasing germination layer coated rice seeds.
(4) And (3) coating a nutrient supply layer:
adding the oxygen-enriched germination layer coated rice seeds in the step (3) into a coating machine, adding 6 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.3 part of calcium nitrate, 0.3 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of EDTA-Zn, 0.6 part of amino acid and 0.6 part of potassium fulvate, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 40 seconds, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated by a screen mesh of 10 meshes, thus obtaining the oxygen-enriched germination and nutrient supply double-layer coated rice seeds.
(5) Drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (4) into a coating machine, adding 7 parts of the polymer binder in the step 1), uniformly mixing, then adding 1.5 parts of potassium polyacrylate and 1.5 parts of high water absorption resin, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the three-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygenation germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance and water retention.
(6) Sterilizing and grass inhibiting layer:
adding the rice seeds obtained in the step (5) into a coating machine, adding 8 parts of the polymer binder in the step (1), uniformly mixing, then adding 0.8 part of carbendazim, 0.8 part of tricyclazole and 0.8 part of pretilachlor, uniformly mixing, coating, drying by blowing after 30 seconds, passing through a 10-mesh screen, and removing the materials which are not successfully coated, thus obtaining the four-layer coated rice seeds with the functions of oxygen increasing germination, nutrient supply, drought resistance, water retention, sterilization and grass inhibition, as shown in the V in the figure 1.
Application example 6
1. Potting test:
the coated rice seeds prepared by the method are subjected to a water-flooded germination test, and the effects of the seedling rate, root system and overground growth of the coated rice seeds are studied.
Test 6 application example treatments:
(1) Control (uncoated rice seed);
(2) Example I: the coated rice seed prepared in example 1;
(3) Example II: the coated rice seed prepared in example 2;
(4) Example III: the coated rice seeds prepared in example 3;
(5) Example IV: the coated rice seed prepared in example 4;
(6) Example V: the coated rice seed prepared in example 5.
Except for the control group, 50 grains of the coated rice seeds produced in each example were subjected to a direct-seeding water-flooding germination test, direct-seeding treatment, a water-flooding depth of 2 to 3cm, 5 repetitions and cultivation were carried out for 25 days, and the maximum root length, plant height, root morphology index, root system and aboveground biomass were measured, and the measurement results are shown in tables 1 to 3 below.
TABLE 1 coated rice seed yield, maximum root length and plant height prepared in different examples
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the rate of seedlings of the coated rice seeds in the treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and in particular, the rate of seedlings of the coated rice seeds in examples I, II and V was significantly higher than that in the non-coated rice seed CK treatment, and the rates of seedlings of the coated rice seeds in examples I, II and V were increased by 26.8%, 41.5% and 51.2%, respectively, as compared with the control CK. The maximum root length under treatment of examples II and III was increased by 8.0% and 8.7% respectively over the control. The plant height of each example treatment group was also significantly greater than that of the control, and the plant height under the treatment of example II was highest, and the results are shown in fig. 2A.
TABLE 2 morphological analysis of rice seed root systems under treatment of different examples
Table 2 shows the morphological analysis of the root systems of flood-resistant rice seeds under the treatment of the different examples. As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the total root length, root diameter, root surface area and root volume of the root system of each example coated rice seed were significantly greater than those of the control CK group, and the total root length, root surface area and root volume of example II were maximized, which were increased by 49.3%, 48.1% and 48.5%, respectively, as compared with the control. The root diameter of example III was the largest, 9.5% increased over the control, and the results are shown in FIG. 2B.
TABLE 3 different examples treatment of biomass for under-coated rice seeds
Table 3 shows the effect of the various example treatments on the biomass of flood-resistant coated rice seeds. As is clear from the results in Table 3, the root dry weight, aerial part dry weight, root cap ratio and total dry weight of each example coated rice seed were significantly different, which is shown as 33.9% to 43.4%, 11.7% to 19.4%, 16.1% to 25.8% and 17.0% to 23.4% of the root dry weight, aerial part dry weight, root cap ratio and total dry weight of examples I, II and V, respectively, as compared with the control. Example III significantly increased the biomass of flood-resistant coated rice seeds and example IV showed no significant differences in root dry weight, root cap ratio, and total dry weight from the control.
2. And (3) water flooding resistance experiment:
the coated rice seeds of examples I and II, which perform best in combination, were subjected to submerged germination at a depth of 5 cm for 4 and 8 days, as shown in FIG. 3. After 4 days of the flooding treatment, both the coated rice seeds of examples I and II had germinated, but the control uncoated rice seeds had little or very short sprouts, with the flooding time being prolonged (8 days of flooding), the coated rice seeds of examples I and II germinated longer, while the control soaked water began to become cloudy and only sporadic rice seeds had very short sprouts. Further proves that the coated rice seed prepared by the invention has the capability of water-logging-resistant germination.
Comparative example 1
The experimental procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the coating sequence of the oxygen-enriched germination layer (3) and the nutrient supply layer (4) was reversed based on example 1, and the nutrient supply layer coating was first performed, and then the oxygen-enriched germination layer coating was performed.
The prepared coated rice seeds were subjected to an experiment by referring to the flooding-resistant experimental method in example 2, and the result shows that the coated rice seeds are not flooded to emerge, as shown in comparative example 1 in fig. 4.
Comparative example 2
The experimental steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the coating sequence of the nutrient supply layer (4) and the drought-resistant water-retaining layer (5) is reversed on the basis of the embodiment 1, and then the oxygenation germination layer coating, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating, the nutrient supply layer coating and the sterilization grass-inhibiting layer coating are carried out.
The prepared coated rice seeds were subjected to experiments with reference to the flooding-resistant experimental method in example 2, and the results showed that the coated rice seeds grew poorly, as shown in comparative example 2 in fig. 4.
Comparative example 3
The experimental steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the coating sequence of the oxygenation germination layer (3) and the drought-resistant water-retaining layer (5) is reversed on the basis of the embodiment 1, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating is carried out firstly, the nutrient supply layer coating is carried out, and then the oxygenation germination layer coating is carried out.
The prepared coated rice seeds were subjected to an experiment by referring to the flooding-resistant experimental method in example 2, and the result shows that the coated rice seeds are not flooded to emerge, as shown in comparative example 3 in fig. 4.
Comparative example 4
The experimental steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the coating sequence of the nutrient supply layer (4) and the sterilization grass inhibition layer (6) is reversed on the basis of the embodiment 1, and then the oxygenation germination layer coating, the sterilization grass inhibition layer coating, the drought resistance water retention layer coating and the nutrient supply layer coating are carried out.
The prepared coated rice seeds were subjected to experiments with reference to the flooding-resistant experimental method in example 2, and the results showed that the coated rice seeds grew poorly, as shown in comparative example 4 in fig. 4.
Comparative example 5
The experimental steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the coating sequence of the oxygenation germination layer (3) and the sterilization grass inhibition layer (6) is reversed on the basis of the embodiment 1, and then the sterilization grass inhibition layer coating, the nutrient supply layer coating, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer coating and the oxygenation germination layer coating are carried out.
The prepared coated rice seeds were subjected to an experiment by referring to the flooding-resistant experimental method in example 2, and the result shows that the coated rice seeds are not flooded to emerge, as shown in comparative example 5 in fig. 4.
Comparative example 6
The preparation of the polymer binder and the screening of the filled rice seeds are the same as in example 1, except that the components of each coating layer (an oxygenation germination layer, a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer and a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer) in example 1 are mixed and stirred uniformly, and finally coated together.
The prepared coated rice seeds are tested by referring to the water-logging-resistant test method in the example 2, and the result shows that the coated rice seeds cannot emerge after being flooded.
Comparative example 7
The preparation of the polymer binder and the screening of the filled rice seeds are the same as in example 1, and only different materials are coated by adopting a single oxygenation germination layer, a single nutrient supply layer, a single drought-resistant water-retaining layer or a single sterilization grass-inhibiting layer.
The four prepared coated rice seeds are tested by referring to the water-logging-resistant test method in the embodiment 2, and the results show that the four coated rice seeds are poor in water-logging emergence vigor.
Comparative example 8
Preparation of polymeric binders and screening of filled rice seeds the same as in example 1, the only difference was the use of two coatings: (1) an oxygenation germination layer and a nutrient supply layer, (2) an oxygenation germination layer and a drought-resistant water-retaining layer, (3) an oxygenation germination layer and a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer comprises a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer, a nutrient supply layer, a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer and a drought-resistant water-retaining layer.
The water-logging test is carried out on six kinds of coated rice seeds prepared by the coating combination respectively, and the result shows that the water-logging emergence vigor of the six kinds of coated rice seeds is poor.
Meanwhile, verification is carried out on three layers of coated rice seeds with different components, and the four layers of coating effect used by the invention is found to be optimal.
In summary, the seed coating layers used in the invention are divided into four layers, and researches show that the four layers of coating are required to be coated according to a certain sequence, which can not influence the emergence rate of seeds and can also cause the long potential difference of the seeds; the sequence of the coating layers is optimized, and the coating is carried out according to the germination conditions of rice seeds, so that the germination and robust growth of the rice seeds are facilitated; the rice coated seeds with the optimal effect are obtained by optimally proportioning the oxygenation germination layer, the nutrient supply layer, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer and the sterilization grass-inhibiting layer, so that the rice coated seeds are good in growth vigor, high in emergence rate and less in plant diseases and insect pests, germinate and emerge underwater, bird damage and mouse damage are prevented, and the sowing efficiency is greatly improved; the appearance shape of seeds is improved by adopting multiple coatings, so that direct seeding of unmanned aerial vehicles and mechanical holes is facilitated, the rice seed consumption is saved, and the production cost is reduced; the fourth coating contains oxygen and nutrients required by rice seed germination, which is beneficial to rice seed germination; the composition contains bactericides, herbicides and the like, is favorable for preventing diseases and weeds from growing, and solves the risks of diseases, insects and weeds of direct-seeding rice. The preparation process is simple, low in production cost and easy to implement.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The water-logging-resistant direct seeding rice seed coating is characterized by sequentially comprising an oxygenation germination layer, a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer and a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer from inside to outside; the adhesive adopted between the oxygenation germination layer and the rice seeds in the coating preparation is water; the binders used by the nutrient supply layer, the drought-resistant water-retaining layer and the sterilization grass-inhibiting layer are high polymer binders;
the coating is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 15 parts of water, 3 to 6 parts of oxygenation germination layer raw materials, 2 to 4 parts of nutrient supply layer raw materials, 2 to 4 parts of drought-resistant water-retaining layer raw materials, 1 to 3 parts of sterilization grass-inhibiting layer raw materials and 15 to 24 parts of high polymer binders;
the oxygen increasing germination layer is prepared from one or more of calcium peroxide, urea peroxide, magnesium peroxide, sodium naphthalene acetate or indolebutyric acid; the nutrient supply layer is made from one or more of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, EDTA-Zn, potassium fulvate or amino acid; the drought-resistant water-retaining layer is prepared from one or more of polyacrylamide, potassium polyacrylate or sodium polyacrylate; the sterilization and weed suppression layer is prepared from one or more of carbendazim, tricyclazole, pretilachlor or oryzanol;
the high polymer binder is obtained by uniformly mixing high polymer organic matters and water, wherein the mass percentages of the high polymer organic matters and the water are 18% -24% and 76% -82% respectively;
the polymer organic matter is one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, sepiolite, diatomite or bentonite.
2. The rice seed coating of claim 1, wherein the oxygen enhanced germination layer, nutrient supply layer, drought resistant water retention layer, and sterilization and weed suppression layer are all made by coating techniques.
3. Rice seed coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is prepared by the process of: firstly, wetting rice seeds, and then coating the wetted rice seeds layer by layer to obtain coated rice seeds which sequentially comprise an oxygenation germination layer, a nutrient supply layer, a drought-resistant water-retaining layer and a sterilization grass-inhibiting layer from inside to outside; wherein, each layer of coating is dried after finishing, and the materials which are not coated successfully are removed and then the next layer of coating is carried out.
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| CN106278531A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2017-01-04 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of rice paddy seed coat fertilizer |
| CN109258001A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-25 | 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 | A kind of pelletized packaging method of rice paddy seed |
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| CN111903715A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-10 | 江西农业大学 | Direct-seeding rice cold-resistant and flood-resistant seed coating agent and preparation method and use method thereof |
| AU2020103185A4 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-14 | Sichuan Agricultural University | Rice seed coating agent and coating method |
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| CN106278531A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2017-01-04 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of rice paddy seed coat fertilizer |
| US20190315663A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-10-17 | Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | Special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in high yield field and preparation process thereof |
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