CN115349525A - Rape seed pelleting composition and pelleting processing method thereof - Google Patents

Rape seed pelleting composition and pelleting processing method thereof Download PDF

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CN115349525A
CN115349525A CN202210955825.3A CN202210955825A CN115349525A CN 115349525 A CN115349525 A CN 115349525A CN 202210955825 A CN202210955825 A CN 202210955825A CN 115349525 A CN115349525 A CN 115349525A
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rape
pelleting
seed
seeds
seed pelleting
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谭晓强
蒯婕
周广生
汪波
王晶
徐正华
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Abstract

The invention discloses a rape seed pelleting composition and a pelleting processing method thereof, the rape seed pelleting composition comprises a mixture of an adhesive, biochar and an inert filling material, the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite with the mass ratio of 2.

Description

Rape seed pelleting composition and pelleting processing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rape seed pre-sowing treatment, in particular to a rape seed pelleting composition and a pelleting processing method thereof.
Background
Rape is one of the most important oil crops in the world and China, and the river basin is the main production area for planting rice and rape in China, and the area mainly adopts a rice-oil double cropping crop rotation planting system and a direct-seeding winter rape planting mode. On one hand, with the diversified development mode of double-cropping ratoon rice and other rice production, the crop rotation contradiction problem is increasingly intensified, the rape seeding period faces more serious lag, and the extreme environments of low temperature, rain, snow and the like can greatly influence the emergence and seedling formation of the direct-seeding rape seeds. On the other hand, with the development of modern agricultural technology and the popularization of mechanized equipment, the unmanned aerial vehicle air seeding technology plays an increasingly important role in the direct seeding rape production, and the problems of air seeding, seed floating, uneven seeding and the like caused by small and light rape seeds still need to be solved urgently. The uniform and uniform emergence of seedlings in the seed germination period is the basis for determining the high and stable yield of crops in a field direct seeding crop production mode, so that the solution of the two problems can provide necessary guarantee for the subsequent rape production and planting. The seed sowing pretreatment is various treatment measures performed before sowing in order to accelerate the physiological metabolic process in the seeds, thereby promoting germination and sprouting and providing seedling quality. The seed treatment can restore the seed vitality to a certain extent, reduce the decline of the seed vitality caused in the seed breeding and storing processes, and simultaneously can prevent and treat the plant diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage and increase the nutrition of the seedlings, thereby promoting the growth and development of crops and improving the yield. The methods of seed treatment are classified into physical methods, chemical methods, biopesticide methods, seed priming, seed soaking, coating, pelleting and the like according to attributes.
The seed pelleting technology is a novel seed treatment technology which is based on the seed film coating technology and is added with inert fillers and specific exogenous active ingredients, thereby increasing the seed quality, increasing the mechanical strength of the seeds and improving the stress resistance of the seeds. The main adhesives and inert filling materials of the pelleting formula can be added with specific exogenous active substances such as biological fertilizers, plant growth regulators, bactericides, insecticides, microorganisms and the like according to the conditions.
At present, the research on the domestic seed pelleting technical process and mechanical equipment is still in the starting stage, the research on the rape seed pelleting is more limited, and the prior art still has the production problems of slow seedling emergence, uneven seedling emergence, weak seedling emergence and the like caused by low temperature in the germination and seedling emergence period of the direct-seeding rape seeds under the late-sowing condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a rape seed pelleting composition and a pelleting processing method thereof, which are suitable for promoting germination and emergence of rape, improving seedling quality and promoting seedling growth and development under normal temperature and low temperature conditions.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a rapeseed pelletization composition comprising a mixture of a binder, biochar, and an inert filler material, wherein the inert filler material comprises diatomaceous earth, talc, and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2.
Preferably, the mass of the biochar is 3% -10% of the inert filler material.
Preferably, the binder is an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 1-3%.
Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 1%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the diatomite to the talcum powder to the attapulgite is 2.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for processing rapeseed pellets, comprising the steps of:
s1, sorting, disinfecting and airing rape seeds to be treated to obtain target rape seeds;
s2, uniformly mixing the biochar and the inert filling material to obtain mixed powder;
s3, spraying the aqueous solution of the adhesive on the surface of the target rape seed to obtain a pretreated rape seed;
s4, placing the mixed powder and the pretreated rape seeds in a coating machine for pelleting, and screening redundant mixed powder;
s5, standing and airing the pelletized rape seeds obtained by the treatment at room temperature, bottling, sealing, drying and storing for later use.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the pelleting is 45-50r/min, and the rotating time is 3-5min.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and repeating the steps S3 and S4.
The rape seed pelleting composition is used as an outer layer structure to coat original rape seeds to form the pelleting rape seeds, wherein the binder carboxymethylcellulose sodium is cooperated with the diatomite and the attapulgite to ensure pelleting forming and simultaneously improve the seed quality and the mechanical strength; the talcum powder is beneficial to the more smooth and mellow pelleted seeds; the diatomite and the charcoal cooperate to improve the stress resistance of the seeds and promote the low-temperature germination and seedling emergence.
The beneficial effect of this application is as follows: by adopting the rape seed pelleting composition to pellet rape seeds, the rape germination rate can be obviously improved under the low-temperature condition, the development of rape seedling root systems can be promoted under the normal-temperature and low-temperature conditions, and the seedling quality can be improved; meanwhile, the seed quality is increased on the premise of not changing the physicochemical properties of the seeds, and a new solution is provided for improving the emergence rate and the strong seedling rate under the conditions of normal sowing and late sowing in the rape production link; the scheme is suitable for processing by a pelleting coating machine, is convenient for forming pelleted rape seeds with good appearance, uniform size and high mechanical strength, and meets the technical requirements of mechanical sowing and precision sowing; the invention has the characteristics of convenient operation and use, controllable cost, obvious benefit, adaptability to the development requirement of modern agriculture and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the phenotype and agronomic shape of the plant on day 3 and day 7 at ambient and low temperatures for the pelleted seeds of the present scheme;
FIG. 2 shows the composition of different ingredients versus the germination rate of pelleted oilseed rape seeds.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The rape seed pelleting composition comprises a mixture of a binder, biochar and an inert filling material, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2.
Example 2
The rape seed pelleting composition comprises a mixture of a binder, biochar and an inert filling material, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2.
Example 3
The rape seed pelleting composition comprises a mixture of a binder, biochar and an inert filling material, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2.
Example 4
A processing method for rape seed pelleting comprises the following specific steps:
s1, selecting No. 11 rape seeds (selected by oil crop research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) in rape varieties as rape seeds to be treated, disinfecting the seeds for 15m minutes by using 1% of sodium hypochlorite, washing the seeds for 3-5 times by using distilled water, standing and airing at room temperature for later use to obtain target rape seeds;
s2, weighing diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 2;
s3, spraying an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with the mass concentration of 3% on the surface of the target rape seed to obtain the pretreated rape seed;
s4, putting the mixed powder and the pretreated rape seeds into a granulating barrel inner coating machine of a BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine for pelleting, starting the BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine, rotating at the rotating speed of 46r/min for 3-5min, and screening out redundant mixed powder;
s5, standing and airing the pelleted seeds at room temperature, bottling, sealing, drying and storing for later use.
Example 5
A processing method for rape seed pelleting comprises the following specific steps:
s1, selecting double No. 11 rape seeds (selected and bred by oil crop research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) in rape varieties as rape seeds to be treated, carrying out sorting, disinfecting the seeds for 15m minutes by using 1% sodium hypochlorite, then washing with distilled water for 3-5 times, standing at room temperature and airing for later use to obtain target rape seeds;
s2, weighing diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite according to the weight ratio of 2;
s3, spraying an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with the mass concentration of 1% on the surface of the target rape seed to obtain a pretreated rape seed;
s4, putting the mixed powder and the pretreated rape seeds into a granulating barrel inner coating machine of a BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine for pelleting, starting the BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine, rotating at the rotating speed of 46r/min for 5min, and then screening off the redundant mixed powder;
spraying a sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 3% on the surface of the rape seeds treated BY the method, putting the rape seeds and the mixed powder into a granulating barrel inner coating machine of a BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine for pelleting, starting the BY-300 water chestnut type coating machine, rotating at the rotating speed of 46r/min for 5min, and screening off the redundant mixed powder;
s5, standing and airing the pelleted seeds at room temperature, bottling, sealing, drying and storing for later use.
Example 6
A method for processing rapeseed pellets, the other steps are the same as in example 5, except that the ratio of diatomite, talc and attapulgite is 2.
Example 7
A process for pelletization of rape seed, the other steps were the same as in example 5, except that the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was 2%.
Comparative examples 1 to 8
The other steps are the same as example 5, except that the mixture ratio of diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite is prepared according to the following table 3.
Comparative examples 9 to 20
A process for pelletization of rape seed, the other steps are the same as in example 5, except that no biochar is added, and the proportions of diatomaceous earth, talc and attapulgite are as set forth in table 3.
TABLE 3 raw material ratios of seed promoters in comparative examples 1-20
Figure BDA0003791318930000061
Test example
Adding 10 ml of distilled water into a germination box (12cm + 6 cm) paved with two layers of germination paper, placing 50 particles of the pelleted rapeseed seeds prepared in example 5 in each box by 7+1, and taking a Zhongshuang No. 11 naked seed as a control; then placing the germination boxes in an incubator for germination, setting the day/night illumination as 13000/0lx, the temperature as normal temperature 25 ℃/20 ℃ (16 h/8 h), the low temperature as 15 ℃/10 ℃ (16 h/8 h), and setting 3 biological repetitions for each treatment; 1 ml of water was added every day to keep the germination box moist.
Counting the number of germination and seedling emergence every day, taking the germination standard of more than 1mm of bud length, and taking the seedling emergence standard of upright young stems, flat cotyledons and light green of the leaf color. Continuously investigating for 7 days after sowing in a normal temperature control group, continuously investigating for 14 days after sowing in a low temperature group, then sampling and measuring the root length and the stem length, putting into an oven, drying for about 48 hours at 85 ℃, and weighing the dry weight. Counting and calculating the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average germination time, the average emergence time, the seedling vitality index and the like, wherein the specific calculation mode is as follows:
germination rate = number of germinated seeds/total number of test seeds × 100%;
emergence rate = number of normal seedlings/total number of test seeds × 100%;
germination vigor = number of germinated seeds/total number of test seeds on the third day × 100%;
average germination time = ∑ (Gt × Dt)/∑ Gt, (Gt means number of seeds germinated on day t, dt means day after sowing);
stem dry weight = aerial part dry weight;
root dry weight = underground part dry weight;
total dry weight = above ground part dry weight + below ground part dry weight;
stem length = length from root neck to seedling tip growth point;
root length = length from root neck to root cap;
total length = root length + stem length;
seedling vigor index (W) = germination percentage x total dry weight.
Tables 1, 2, 3, FIG. 2 data analysis and mapping were performed using Image J software, SPSS 26.0 software, and GraphPad Prism 9 software, and results are expressed as mean + -SD. The experimental data were analyzed for variance and compared to mean of multiple range test of duncan, and statistical significance for all experiments was set at p <0.05.
The phenotype and agronomic shape of the plants at normal temperature (20-25 ℃) and low temperature (10-15 ℃) on the 3 rd and 7 th days are observed, the results are shown in figure 1, the germination condition is shown in table 1, and the seedling condition is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 germination of different seeds
Figure BDA0003791318930000071
TABLE 2 seedling status of different seed sources
Figure BDA0003791318930000081
Experimental results show that under the condition of normal temperature, the rape seeds with the pelleting formula can obviously increase the dry weight of roots, the dry weight, the length, the seedling vigor index (W) and the germination vigor of seedlings by 36.01 percent, 58.59 percent, 13.93 percent, 37.23 percent, 59.10 percent and 19.72 percent compared with a control; but the germination rate and the emergence rate have no obvious change. Under the condition of low temperature, the root dry weight, the seedling dry weight, the root length, the seedling vigor index (W), the germination vigor, the germination rate and the emergence rate of the rape seed seedlings with the pelleting formula are all obviously increased, and compared with a control, the increase rates respectively reach 72.31%, 51.28%, 95.11%, 49.04%, 74.47%, 866.67%, 11.90% and 22.95%. The average germination time is increased under the conditions of normal temperature and low temperature, and the germination is delayed for about 1 day compared with the control.
The results of comparing the germination rates of the pelletized seeds treated in examples 5 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 20 are shown in Table 3, and more intuitively, the corresponding comparison of the germination rates of the pelletized seeds is shown in FIG. 2.
TABLE 3 comparative data on germination rates of pelleted seeds
Figure BDA0003791318930000082
Figure BDA0003791318930000091
In conclusion, the rape seeds treated by the pelleting formula can improve the germination and emergence conditions of the medium-double No. 11 rape under the conditions of normal temperature and low temperature, and the comprehensive performance is optimal.
The technical scheme is suitable for the rape seed pelleting formula for promoting the germination and emergence of the rape, improving the seedling quality and promoting the growth and development of seedlings under the conditions of normal temperature and low temperature, and realizes the production targets of direct sowing winter rape full seedlings at one time and strong seedlings at one time. Can obviously improve the quality of rape seedlings and the germination rate in a low-temperature environment, provides a brand-new technical scheme for normally sowing uniform and strong rape seedlings and late-sowing rape stress-resistant full seedlings, solves a great problem in the current rape production, and has very wide prospects in the direct-sowing production of winter rape and the development and utilization of winter fallow fields in Yangtze river basin in China.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The rape seed pelleting composition is characterized by comprising a mixture of an adhesive, biochar and an inert filling material, wherein the inert filling material comprises diatomite, talcum powder and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 2.
2. The rapeseed seed pelleting composition according to claim 1, wherein the biochar is present in an amount of 3% to 10% by weight of the inert filler material.
3. The canola seed pelleting composition of claim 1, wherein the binder is an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
4. The canola seed pelleting composition of claim 3, wherein the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose has a concentration of 1-3%.
5. The canola seed pelleting composition of claim 4, wherein the aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose has a concentration of 1%.
6. The rapeseed seed pelleting composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the diatomite, the talc and the attapulgite is 2.
7. A process of rape seed pelleting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, sorting, disinfecting and airing rape seeds to be treated to obtain target rape seeds;
s2, uniformly mixing the biochar and the inert filling material to obtain mixed powder;
s3, spraying the aqueous solution of the adhesive on the surface of the target rape seed to obtain a pretreated rape seed;
s4, placing the mixed powder and the pretreated rape seeds in a coating machine for pelleting, and then screening redundant mixed powder;
s5, standing and airing the pelleted rape seeds obtained by the treatment at room temperature, bottling, sealing, drying and storing for later use.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the speed of the pelletization is 45-50r/min and the rotation time is 3-5min.
9. The method of pelletization of canola seed as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: and repeating the steps S3 and S4.
CN202210955825.3A 2022-08-10 2022-08-10 Rape seed pelleting composition and pelleting processing method thereof Pending CN115349525A (en)

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CN115918322A (en) * 2022-12-02 2023-04-07 华中农业大学 Low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence oilseed rape pelletized seed and preparation method thereof
CN117136969A (en) * 2023-08-29 2023-12-01 华中农业大学 Seed coating agent with acid-resistant growth promoting effect and application thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115918322A (en) * 2022-12-02 2023-04-07 华中农业大学 Low-temperature-resistant germination and emergence oilseed rape pelletized seed and preparation method thereof
CN117136969A (en) * 2023-08-29 2023-12-01 华中农业大学 Seed coating agent with acid-resistant growth promoting effect and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20221118