CN114717138B - Green cultivation method for greenhouse tomatoes - Google Patents

Green cultivation method for greenhouse tomatoes Download PDF

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CN114717138B
CN114717138B CN202111627489.1A CN202111627489A CN114717138B CN 114717138 B CN114717138 B CN 114717138B CN 202111627489 A CN202111627489 A CN 202111627489A CN 114717138 B CN114717138 B CN 114717138B
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chryseobacterium
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CN114717138A (en
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汪敏
徐磊
严旎娜
陈罡
蒋希芝
冯敏
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a green cultivation method of protected tomatoes, which also comprises a compound microbial inoculum, comprising the following components: 88.5 to 93 portions of mud, 5 to 9.5 portions of allicin and 2 to 2.5 portions of fermentation liquor of mixed strains, wherein the mixed strains comprise pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. The invention improves the soil property, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.22 to 1.34g/cm 3 The total porosity of the soil is 50.12 to 53.46 percent; the yield of the tomatoes is improved, the quality of the tomatoes is improved, the yield per mu of the tomatoes is 6190-6542kg/mu, the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble solid in the tomato fruits are 0.19-0.23mg/g, 6.25-7.33% and 6.47-7.86%, and the fruits are excellent; the pesticide is saved by 2~3 times, and the fertilizer consumption is reduced.

Description

Green cultivation method for greenhouse tomatoes
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a green cultivation method of protected tomatoes.
Background
After the agricultural mulching film is used in a large amount, residual film in soil is accumulated seriously, and sustainable development of agricultural industry is seriously hindered. The degradable mulching film provides a new path for solving the existing problems of the agricultural mulching film, and the traditional agricultural mulching film is replaced in the future. However, tests show that the degradable mulching film shows different degradation behaviors and application effects in different regions and different crop cultivation environments, so that the current popularization range is far from reaching the extent of replacing the traditional mulching film. In order to improve the applicability of the degradable mulching film and accelerate the popularization, a large amount of application data of the degradable mulching film in different crop cultivation environments needs to be collected and analyzed.
However, there is currently less research on comparative tests of the application properties of biodegradable mulch in a facility. And the existing facility tomato mulching degradation plastic film cultivation technology has the following defects: (1) the mulching cultivation is easy to cause soil hardening, the fertility, the air permeability and the water storage performance are reduced, and the growth and the yield increasing effect of crops can be influenced for a long time; (2) under the high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the facility, the roots of the tomatoes, particularly lateral roots, are seriously harmed by root-knot nematodes and pathogenic bacteria; (3) the temperature and humidity in the facility are not sufficiently regulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a green cultivation method for protected tomatoes.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the high-activity composite microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 88.5 to 93 portions of mud, 5 to 9.5 portions of allicin, 2 to 2.5 portions of fermentation liquor of pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633.
Wherein the total number of effective viable bacteria in fermentation liquor of the pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, the Chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 is more than or equal to 3.5 hundred million/mL.
Wherein, the fermentation liquor of the pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, the Chryseobacterium mucosum ATCC 35910 and the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 accounts for 2 to 2.5 percent of the high-activity compound microbial inoculum by mass percent.
The method for obtaining the mixed strain fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 are inoculated into 200mL LB culture medium by 1.5 percent of the inoculum size at the same time, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, and shake culture is carried out for 2 days under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 150 r/min.
The invention also comprises the application of the high-activity compound microbial inoculum in the green cultivation of protected tomatoes.
The invention also discloses a greenhouse tomato green cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
1) Arranging the land blocks of the previous stubbles of the non-solanaceae crops for facility tomato cultivation; the Solanaceae crops include tomato, pepper, eggplant, etc.
2) Loosening soil before planting tomatoes, and applying a fermented and decomposed microbial fertilizer to a base fertilizer;
3) Ridging is completed according to the needs of planting operation, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered;
4) The tomato seedling is transplanted after the high-activity compound biological agent is dipped in the root;
5) Performing daily field management, namely performing additional fertilizer and accurate irrigation in the growth period of the tomatoes, wherein the additional application of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is performed in the fruit expansion period of the tomatoes;
6) Temperature and humidity conditions in the facility are monitored, and measures such as resistance wire heating, spraying humidification, ventilation and the like are adopted to adjust according to the temperature and humidity requirements of each stage of tomato growth and development.
Wherein the application amount of the fermented and decomposed microbial fertilizer (Shijiazhuang Shuo fertilizer science and technology Co., ltd.) in the step 2) is 200-250 kg/mu.
Wherein the time for dipping the high-activity compound microbial inoculum in the step 3) into the roots is 15-30 s.
Wherein the biodegradable mulching film is purchased from Suzhou Gerui Hewlenon film materials science and technology limited.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the protected tomato cultivation is carried out by selecting the land parcels of the previous non-solanaceae crops, thereby avoiding the continuous cropping obstacle.
2. Before the tomato seedlings are planted, high-activity compound biological agent is dipped in roots for treatment, the biological control method effectively controls root-knot nematodes and pathogenic bacteria in the growth process of the tomatoes, and the tomato seedlings have pesticide resistance and no pesticide residue;
3. the high-activity composite microbial inoculum is adopted to improve the soil property, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.22-1.34 g/cm 3 The total porosity of the soil is 50.12-53.46%;
4. the invention adopts the high-activity composite microbial inoculum to improve the yield of tomatoes and the quality of the tomatoes, the yield per mu of the tomatoes is 6190-6542 kg/mu, the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble solid in the tomato fruits are 0.19-0.23 mg/g, 6.25-7.33% and 6.47-7.86% respectively, and the fruits are excellent;
5. the pesticide is saved for 2-3 times, and the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the micro-morphology of the mulch film at different degradation times.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail by the following specific examples, but it should be noted that the following examples are only used for describing the content of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
The experimental methods not specifically described in the following examples were carried out according to the conventional procedures, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples were commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Obtaining a fermentation liquid of the mixed strain: pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 are inoculated into 200mL LB culture medium with the inoculum size of 1.5 percent at the same time, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, and the shake culture is carried out for 2 days under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 150 r/min.
Example 1
A green cultivation method of protected tomatoes specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Arranging the land blocks of the previous stubbles of the non-solanaceae crops for facility tomato cultivation;
2) Loosening soil before planting tomatoes, and applying Chen Shu brand fermented decomposed microbial fertilizer (organic fertilizer) produced by Shi Jia Zhuang Chen Fertilizer science and technology Limited to a base fertilizer with the application amount of 220 kg/mu;
3) Ridging is completed according to the needs of planting operation, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered;
4) The tomato seedling planting method comprises the following steps of carrying out root dipping treatment for 20s by adopting a high-activity compound biological agent, and then transplanting, wherein the preparation method of the high-activity compound biological agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and sieved fine soil at a weight ratio of 5: 3 to prepare slurry, and then preparing the slurry according to a proportion of 1.8kg of slurry, 0.15kg of allicin and 0.05kg of fermentation liquor of mixed strains;
5) Daily field management, namely performing topdressing and accurate irrigation in the growth period of the tomatoes, wherein topdressing of a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is performed in the fruit expansion period of the tomatoes;
6) Temperature and humidity conditions in the facility are monitored, and measures such as resistance wire heating, spraying humidification, ventilation and the like are adopted for regulation according to temperature and humidity requirements of each stage of tomato growth and development.
Monitoring the degradation conditions of the biodegradable mulching film and the common PE mulching film (see figure 1); the test results of tomato fruit quality, soil volume weight and total soil porosity are as follows:
TABLE L determination of soil Properties and tomato fruit quality
Index (I) Measurement results
Volume weight of soil 1.28g/cm 3
Total porosity of soil 51.25%
Fruit acre yield 6253 kg/mu
Fruit vitamin C 0.20mg/g
Fruit soluble sugar 6.26%
Fruit soluble solids 6.58%
This experiment also set up multiple comparative examples, as follows:
comparative example 1: a green cultivation method of facility tomatoes, which is similar to the method in the embodiment 1, except that a common PE mulching film is covered in the step 3).
Comparative example 2: a green cultivation method of facility tomatoes, which is similar to the embodiment 1, and is different from the method that the high-activity compound biological agent is not adopted for root dipping treatment in the step 3).
Comparative example 3: a green cultivation method of facility tomatoes, which is similar to the method in the embodiment 1, except that the high-activity compound biological agent adopted in the step 3) does not contain allicin components.
Comparative example 4: a green cultivation method of facility tomatoes, which is similar to the method in the embodiment 1, except that the biocontrol bacteria in the high-activity compound biological agent adopted in the step 3) only comprises two of Chryseobacterium viscosum ATCC 35910 and Bacillus subtilis. The fermentation liquid of the Chryseobacterium aurantiacae ATCC 35910 and the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 is LB culture medium, the fermentation condition is that two strains are inoculated in 200mL LB culture medium (pH7.0-7.5), the inoculum size of the two strains is 1.5%, and the two strains are shake cultured for 2d under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 150 r/min.
In comparative examples 1 to 4, soil properties, tomato yields and qualities were measured, and the results were as follows:
Figure BDA0003438719410000041
example 2
A green cultivation method of facility tomatoes is similar to that of example 1, except that the treatment time for dipping roots in step 3) is 15s.
Example 3
A green cultivation method of facility tomatoes, which is similar to that in the embodiment 1, except that the preparation method of the high-activity compound biological agent in the step 3) comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing water and screened fine soil according to the weight ratio of 5: 3 to prepare slurry, and then preparing the slurry according to the proportion of 1.86kg of the slurry, 0.10kg of allicin and 0.04kg of fermentation liquor of mixed strains.
Example 4
A green cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes, which is similar to the embodiment 1, and is different from the method for preparing the high-activity compound biological agent in the step 3) as follows: firstly, mixing water and screened fine soil according to the weight ratio of 5: 3 to prepare slurry, and then preparing the slurry according to the proportion of 1.77kg of slurry, 0.19kg of allicin and 0.04kg of fermentation liquor of mixed strains.
Example 5
A green cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes, which is similar to the embodiment 1, and is different from the method for preparing the high-activity compound biological agent in the step 3) as follows: firstly, mixing water and screened fine soil according to the weight ratio of 5: 3 to prepare slurry, and then preparing the slurry according to the proportion of 1.77kg of slurry, 0.18kg of allicin and 0.05kg of fermentation liquor of mixed strains.
Example 6
A green cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes, which is similar to the embodiment 1, and is different from the method for preparing the high-activity compound biological agent in the step 3) as follows: firstly, mixing water and screened fine soil according to the weight ratio of 5: 3 to prepare slurry, and then preparing the slurry according to the proportion of 1.82kg of slurry, 0.136kg of allicin and 0.044kg of fermentation liquor of mixed strains.
Example 7
A green cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes, which is similar to the embodiment 1, and is different from the method for preparing the high-activity compound biological agent in the step 3) as follows: firstly, mixing water and screened fine soil according to the weight ratio of 5: 3 to prepare slurry, and then preparing the slurry according to the proportion of 1.84kg of slurry, 0.114kg of allicin and 0.046kg of fermentation liquor of mixed strains.
Example 8
A green cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes, which is similar to the embodiment 1, and is different from the method for preparing the high-activity compound biological agent in the step 3) as follows: firstly, mixing water and screened fine soil according to the weight ratio of 5: 3 to prepare slurry, and then preparing the slurry according to the proportion of 1.78kg of slurry, 0.172kg of allicin and 0.048kg of fermentation liquor of mixed strains.
Examples 2 to 8 also have the effects of improving soil properties, increasing tomato yield and improving tomato quality, and the test results are as follows:
Figure BDA0003438719410000051

Claims (3)

1. a protected tomato green cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Arranging the land blocks of the previous stubbles of the non-solanaceae crops for facility tomato cultivation;
2) Loosening soil before planting tomatoes, and applying a fermented and decomposed microbial fertilizer to a base fertilizer;
3) Ridging is completed according to the needs of planting operation, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered;
4) Transplanting the tomato seedlings after the tomato seedlings are treated by dipping roots with a high-activity compound biological agent;
5) Daily field management, namely performing topdressing and accurate irrigation in the growth period of the tomatoes, wherein topdressing of a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is performed in the fruit expansion period of the tomatoes;
6) Monitoring the temperature and humidity conditions in the facility, and adjusting by adopting measures such as resistance wire heating, spraying humidification, ventilation and the like according to the temperature and humidity requirements of each stage of tomato growth and development;
the high-activity compound biological agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 88.5 to 93 parts of slurry, 5 to 9.5 parts of allicin and 2 to 2.5 parts of fermentation liquor of a mixed strain, wherein the mixed strain comprises pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, the total number of effective viable bacteria in the fermentation liquor of the pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, the Chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 is more than or equal to 3.5 hundred million/mL, the fermentation liquor of the pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, the Chryseobacterium mucosae 35910 and the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 accounts for 2 to 2.5 percent of the mass percent of the high-activity composite microbial inoculum, and the method for obtaining the fermentation liquor of the mixed strain comprises the following steps: pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC49642, chryseobacterium mucosae ATCC 35910 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 are inoculated into 200mL LB culture medium with the inoculum size of 1.5% at the same time, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, and shake culture is carried out for 2 days under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 150 r/min.
2. The greenhouse tomato green cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the fermented and decomposed microbial fertilizer in the step 2) is 200 to 250kg/mu.
3. The protected tomato green cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the root dipping treatment time of the high-activity compound fungicide in the step 3) is 15 to 30s.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005072515A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-11 Hazera Genetics Ltd. High lycopene tomato varieties and use thereof
CN101864376A (en) * 2010-02-10 2010-10-20 浙江省农业科学院 Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, microbial inoculum and use thereof as seedling culture medium for controlling tomato bacterial wilt
CN108101705A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-01 北京平安福生物技术研究所有限公司 Biological organic fertilizer applied to greenhouse tomato plantation and preparation method thereof
CN113462599A (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-10-01 云南大学 Biological preparation containing plant source components and microorganism source components and application of biological preparation in prevention and treatment of plant nematode diseases

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005072515A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-11 Hazera Genetics Ltd. High lycopene tomato varieties and use thereof
CN101864376A (en) * 2010-02-10 2010-10-20 浙江省农业科学院 Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, microbial inoculum and use thereof as seedling culture medium for controlling tomato bacterial wilt
CN108101705A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-01 北京平安福生物技术研究所有限公司 Biological organic fertilizer applied to greenhouse tomato plantation and preparation method thereof
CN113462599A (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-10-01 云南大学 Biological preparation containing plant source components and microorganism source components and application of biological preparation in prevention and treatment of plant nematode diseases

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