CN115868584A - Artificial feed for larvae of Periploca similis, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Artificial feed for larvae of Periploca similis, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115868584A
CN115868584A CN202211463248.2A CN202211463248A CN115868584A CN 115868584 A CN115868584 A CN 115868584A CN 202211463248 A CN202211463248 A CN 202211463248A CN 115868584 A CN115868584 A CN 115868584A
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larvae
paranthrene
feed
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巨云为
冯伟坤
梁甜
周洁璐
王重贺
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a paranthrene tabaniformis larva artificial feed and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of insect feeding. The artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene comprises 100g of carya illinoensis sawdust, 10g of glucose, 15g of soybean meal, 10g of corn flour, 4g of yeast powder, 5g of agar powder, 0.17g of acetylcholine chloride, 2g of sorbic acid, 2g of p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.33g of cholesterol, 0.67g of wechsler's salt, 0.7g of vitamin C and 200mL of distilled water. The feed for artificially feeding the larvae of the mountain walnut athyria spinosa disclosed by the invention is wide in raw material source and low in cost; the preparation method is simple, few in steps and strong in operability. The development time of the larvae raised by the feed is obviously shortened compared with the development time in the natural environment, which is beneficial to breeding a large number of the Hyriopsis pernyi larvae indoors, ensuring the supply of experimental populations with different insect states, different insect ages and stable activity and being beneficial to the implementation of scientific experiments.

Description

Artificial feed for larvae of Periploca similis, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insect feeding, and particularly relates to a paranthrene tabaniformis larva artificial feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The Carpoppy [ Sphecodetera shanni (Arita & Xu) ] belongs to Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) and Sesiidae (Sesiidae), and has potential hazard risk to forest trees such as Carpopus Caryata, quercus suber and Quercus acutissima. The mountain walnut leaf miners are 1 generation in 1 year and a few are 1 generation in 2 years in China. Its larvae feed primarily subcutaneously on the cambium and phloem. The sneak feeding insect channels are irregular, the nutrition transportation channels of the tree trunk are seriously damaged, the tree vigor is weak, and the tree crown is withered and even the whole tree is dead. Because the larvae and pupae of the winged fruit moth live in cambium and phloem, the winged fruit moth required by the experiment is difficult to collect, even if the winged fruit moth is collected in a forest, the requirements of the experiment on the conditions of age, insect state, physiological state and the like of the winged fruit moth to be tested cannot be met due to the limitation of season, quantity, age and activity, and particularly, the old larvae can damage live barks in the collection process, so that artificial secondary damage can be caused to the live trees.
So far, no report about the indoor breeding method of the athyria spinosa is found.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a formula of an artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis; the second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis; the third technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the application of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an artificial feed for a larva of a Periploca similis comprises the following components:
0-100g of carya illinoensis sawdust, 0-30g of soybean meal, 0-20g of corn meal, 0-5g of agar powder, 0-4g of yeast powder, 0-0.17g of acetylcholine chloride, 0-0.33g of cholesterol, 0-10g of glucose, 0-2g of sorbic acid, 0-2g of p-hydroxybenzoate, 0-0.67g of Vickers salt, 0-0.7g of vitamin C and 200mL of distilled water.
Further, the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene comprises 100g of carya illinoensis sawdust, 10g of glucose, 15g of soybean meal, 10g of corn meal, 4g of yeast powder, 5g of agar powder, 0.17g of acetylcholine chloride, 2g of sorbic acid, 2g of p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.33g of cholesterol, 0.67g of wecker's salt, 0.7g of vitamin C and 200mL of distilled water.
The components can be prepared according to the actual needs in equal proportion.
The preparation method of the artificial feed for the paranthrene tabaniformis larvae is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, collecting branches and trunks of apocarya, pruning, keeping barks, cutting the barks into fragments, and putting the fragments into a grinder to grind into apocarya sawdust;
s2, weighing various components of the artificial feed for the paranthrene larvae according to the amount, heating distilled water to 100 ℃, pouring agar powder into the artificial feed, stirring the mixture by using a glass rod to dissolve the agar powder, and adding glucose into the mixture;
s3, pouring the webster salt, the yeast powder, the acetylcholine chloride, the cholesterol, the sorbic acid and the p-hydroxybenzoate into the mixed solution obtained in the step S2, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s4, adding the carya illinoensis wood chips, the soybean meal and the corn flour, and uniformly stirring;
and S5, adding vitamin C when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and fully stirring to prepare the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaci.
Furthermore, in S1, the 2-3-year-old branches of apocarya are collected.
The artificial feed for the paranthrene tabaniformis larvae is applied to artificial feeding of the paranthrene tabaniformis larvae.
Further, the paranthrene tabaniformis larvae are the mountain walnut paranthrene tabaniformis larvae.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Subpackaging the feed in glass test tubes, sealing, and autoclaving;
(2) Poking a round hole on the surface of the feed in the step (1), and putting the larva of the paranthrene tabaniformis into the round hole to make the larva of the paranthrene tabaniformis bore downwards along the round hole;
(3) And (3) putting the larvae obtained in the step (2) into an illumination incubator for breeding, and periodically replacing the feed until the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis pupate.
Further, in the step (1), each glass test tube contains 25g of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis.
Further, in the step (2), the diameter of the round hole is 0.5cm, and the depth is 2cm.
Further, in the step (2), the larva of the paranthrene tabaniformis is put into one pipe.
Further, in the step (3), the feeding conditions are as follows: l: D =12:12 at 4 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%.
Further, in the step (3), the regular replacement time of the feed is 5 days.
Further, in the step (3), after pupating of the larvae of the paranthrene tabaci, taking the pupae out of the glass test tube, putting the pupae into a culture dish, padding cotton and filter paper on the bottom of the culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using a plastic film, pricking a plurality of holes on the plastic film, and periodically dropwise adding sterile water on the filter paper to keep moisture and spraying the sterile water into the culture box every day until the paranthrene tabaci breaks and pupae.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feed for artificially feeding the larvae of the mountain walnut athyria spinosa disclosed by the invention is wide in raw material source, convenient to prepare and low in cost; the preparation method is simple, few in steps and strong in operability. The development time of the larvae raised by the feed is obviously shortened compared with the development time in the natural environment, which is beneficial to breeding a large amount of the Hymenopterus thysanus larvae indoors and ensures the supply of experimental populations with different insect states, different insect ages and stable activity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of pupal stage of Hyriopsis mandshurica Bombycis larva.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
In the middle ten (4) month, 240 larvae are collected from big Carya illinoensis trees in Taiping North road, zhongshan botanical garden, basalt lake and other places for artificial breeding.
Example 1: artificial feed for carya cathayensis moth larvae
Collecting branches of carya illinoensis of 2 and 3 years from the field, reserving barks, cutting the barks into pieces of about 1cm, and putting the pieces into a plant grinder to grind into carya illinoensis sawdust for later use. Four different formulations of feed A, B, C and D were prepared as shown in Table 1.
The specific operation steps are as follows: accurately weighing various components, pouring distilled water into a 500mL beaker, heating the distilled water in a water bath kettle to 100 ℃, pouring agar powder, quickly stirring by using a glass rod, and adding glucose after dissolving; pouring the weberian salt, the yeast powder, the acetylcholine chloride, the cholesterol, the sorbic acid and the p-hydroxybenzoate into a beaker, and continuously stirring to uniformly mix the materials; adding the wood chips of the carya illinoensis, the soybean meal and the corn flour, and uniformly stirring; dissolving vitamin C in a little water, adding when the feed temperature is cooled to 40 deg.C, and stirring thoroughly.
TABLE 1 feed formula for Caryoptera littoralis larvae
Figure BDA0003953925870000031
Figure BDA0003953925870000041
Example 2: artificial breeding method for carya cathayensis moth larvae
Collecting the low-age milky white larvae from the field at the beginning of 4 months for artificial feeding, wherein 4 kinds of feeds, namely feed A, feed B, feed C and feed D, are arranged in a glass test tube with the inner diameter of 1.3cm and the height of 13cm, each tube is 25g, each feed is 20 tubes, a sealing film is sealed, a plurality of small holes are punched on the surface, and the low-age milky white larvae are sterilized for 20min under the conditions of 0.1MPa and 121 ℃; after cooling, a round hole with the diameter of 0.5cm and the depth of 2cm is poked on the surface of the feed by using a sterilized glass rod, 1 head of each larva is weighed and then placed into the round hole of the glass test tube, and the larva downwards drills along the round hole to eat 80 heads in total; labeling the glass tube, and feeding in an illumination incubator under the conditions of 24 ℃, darkness and relative humidity of 60-70%; selecting larvae with basically consistent development progress, weighing for 1 time every 2d, and observing feeding conditions. The feed is replaced every 5 days for 1 time, and the width, the length and the weight of the head shell of the larva are measured when the feed is replaced. The molting, pupation and death conditions are observed, the growth and development conditions of each larva are recorded in detail, and the results of the change of the average weight of the larva along with the feeding months are shown in a table 2.
The result shows that the larvae in the feed C grow best, the average weight gain is obviously higher than that of other feeds, the larvae move back and forth in the tube, the feed in the tube can be completely eaten after 5d, the weight of the larvae in 8 months can reach 0.99g at most, the survival rate reaches 85%, the pupation rate is 80%, and the eclosion rate is 81.3%. The survival rate of the larvae in the feed B is 75 percent, and the pupation rate and the eclosion rate are 65 percent and 69.2 percent respectively. The feed A is not added with the dry powder of the old bark of the carya illinoensis, the larva is not fond of eating, shrinks on the surface of the feed and does not move, and the larva does not drill downwards to eat and die after 10 days. The difference of the formula lies in that the feed A is not added with natural food of the heteroptera moths, the feed D is only added with the carya illinoensis old bark dry powder and the agar powder, the feed B is not added with nutrient substances such as wegener salt and yeast powder, and the feed C adopts the most perfect formula at present. Therefore, the breeding of the mountain walnut athelia armeniaca larvae according to the formula of the feed C is beneficial to the growth and development of the larvae. Although the survival rate of the larvae in the feed B is 75%, the pupation rate and the eclosion rate of the larvae in the feed B are 65% and 69.2%, respectively, which are obviously lower than 80% and 81.3% of the larvae in the feed C. Therefore, the addition of the nutrients such as the weber's salt and the yeast powder is more beneficial to the growth and development of the larvae.
Because the carya cathayensis moth larvae are stem borers, the feed D is arranged, and the components only comprise the carya cathayensis wood chips and the agar powder so as to observe the growth condition of the larvae in the artificial feed close to natural food. The feed D is sterilized, but because no preservative or other substances exist, the larvae are very easily infected with bacteria, so that the survival rate of the larvae is only 35 percent, the pupation rate is 20 percent, and the final emergence rate is 0.
TABLE 2 average weight growth tendency of Pseudoptera persica larvae
Formulation(s) A B C D
Body weight in 4 months 0.013 0.065 0.067 0.035
Body weight of 5 months Death by death 0.203 0.211 0.064
Body weight of 6 months Death by death 0.299 0.343 0.129
Body weight of 7 months Death by death 0.466 0.535 0.281
Body weight of 8 months Death by death 0.587 0.674 0.497
Survival number of larva (head) 0 15 17 7
Larva survival rate (%) 0 75 85 35
Pupation counting (head) 0 13 16 4
Pupation Rate (%) 0 65.0 80.0 20.0
Feathering number (head) 0 9 13 0
Eclosion Rate (%) 0 69.2 81.3 0.0
After 3 months of breeding, the larvae become mature larvae in the middle 7 th month, and the feed does not need to be changed basically. At the moment, the larva is short and thick, the feeding is stopped, the larva is silked and attached to the upper part of the test tube, the larva is completely wrapped after 3 days, pupation is completed after 2-3 days, the larva is light yellow in the initial stage, the larva becomes golden yellow after 3-4 days, the larva becomes dark brown after 15-18 days, the larva is then gently taken out by using forceps and placed in a culture field for feeding, and the larva can eclosion after 3-5 days.
Example 3: growth and development of carya cathayensis moth larvae under different temperature conditions
Subpackaging the feed C into glass test tubes with an inner diameter of 1.3cm and a height of 13cm, each tube being 25g, sealing with a sealing film, pricking a plurality of small holes on the surface, and autoclaving at 0.1MPa and 121 ℃ for 20min; after cooling, a round hole with the diameter of 0.5cm and the depth of 2cm is poked on the surface of the feed by using a sterilized glass rod, 1 head of each larva is weighed and then placed into the round hole of the glass test tube, and the larva is drilled downwards along the round hole; labeling the glass tube, placing the glass tube in an illumination incubator for feeding, and setting 3 treatments, namely 18 ℃ (treatment 1), 24 ℃ (treatment 2) and 30 ℃ (treatment 3), wherein each treatment is set to be 20 repetitions, the total number is 60, and the treatment is under a dark condition, and the relative humidity is 60% -70%; selecting larvae with basically consistent development progress, weighing for 1 time every 2d, and observing feeding conditions. The feed is replaced every 5 days for 1 time, and the width, the length and the weight of the head shell of the larva are measured when the feed is replaced. Molting, pupation and death were observed and the growth of each larva was recorded in detail and the results are shown in Table 3.
As can be seen from Table 3, 24 ℃ is the optimum growth temperature of the larvae, the survival rate is the highest, and reaches 90%, the pupation rate is 85%, the emergence rate is 76.5%, and the pupation period is 26d. The survival rate of the larvae at 18 ℃ is 80%, the pupation rate is 60%, the eclosion rate is 41.7%, and the pupation period is 34d, so that the larvae of the gypsophila spinosa grow slowly and have a longer pupation period at low temperature. The survival rate of the larvae is 70 percent at 30 ℃, the pupation rate is 50 percent, the eclosion rate is 60 percent, the pupation period is shortest, the growth and development of the larvae can be accelerated at 25 days, and the pupation period can be shortened. However, mites are bred at high temperature during pupation, 4 pupas at 30 ℃ can not emerge and die from the harm of the mites, although strong light can kill the mites, the surviving pupas can not emerge normally, i.e. the pupas cannot break loose or successfully separate from the pupa shells in the emerging process.
TABLE 3 results of different treatments
Treatment of Process 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3
Feed counter (head) 20 20 20
Survival number of larva (head) 16 18 14
Larva survival rate (%) 80 90 70
Pupation counting (head) 12 17 10
Pupation Rate (%) 60.0 85.0 50.0
Feathering number (head) 5 13 6
Eclosion Rate (%) 41.7 76.5 60.0
Average pupal stage (d) 34 26 25
Example 4: growth and development of amygdalus persica larvae under different illumination conditions
Subpackaging the feed C into glass test tubes with an inner diameter of 1.3cm and a height of 13cm, each tube being 25g, sealing with a sealing film, pricking a plurality of small holes on the surface, and autoclaving at 0.1MPa and 121 ℃ for 20min; after cooling, a round hole with the diameter of 0.5cm and the depth of 2cm is poked on the surface of the feed by using a sterilized glass rod, 1 head of each larva is weighed and then placed into the round hole of the glass test tube, and the larva is drilled downwards along the round hole; labeling the glass tube, placing the glass tube in an illumination incubator for feeding, and setting 3 treatments, namely indoor illumination (treatment 1), darkness (treatment 2) and illumination incubator L: D =12:12 (treatment 3), wherein 20 repetitions are set for each treatment, 60 larvae with basically consistent development progress are selected for 30 ℃ incubators with relative humidity of 60% -70%, weighing is carried out for 1 time every 2D, and the feeding condition is observed. The feed is replaced every 5 days for 1 time, and the width, the length and the weight of the head shell of the larva are measured when the feed is replaced. Molting, pupation and death were observed and the growth of each larva was recorded in detail and the results are shown in Table 4.
As can be seen from Table 4, the illumination incubator L: D =12:12 is most suitable for the growth of the larvae, the survival rate reaches 85%, the pupation rate is 82.4%, the eclosion rate is 71.4%, and the pupation period is the shortest, namely only 22D. Under indoor illumination, the survival rate of the larvae is 50%, the pupation rate is 40%, the eclosion rate is 25%, and the pupation period is 34d. The survival rate of the larvae is 75 percent under the dark condition, the pupation rate is 73.3 percent, the eclosion rate is 72.7 percent, and the pupation period is 33d. The survival rate of the larvae fed under the indoor condition is low, the larvae grow well under the dark condition, but the dark condition is not beneficial to the eclosion of the larvae, the larvae grow rapidly under the illumination condition that the illumination incubator L: D =12:12, the pupal period is short, and the feeding time is saved.
Table 4 results of different treatments
Treatment of Process 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3
Feed counter (head) 20 20 20
Survival number of larva (head) 10 15 17
Larva survival rate (%) 50 75 85
Pupation counting (head) 4 11 14
Pupation Rate (%) 20.0 55.0 82.4
Feathering number (head) 1 8 10
Eclosion Rate (%) 25.0 72.7 71.4
Average pupal stage (d) 34 33 22

Claims (10)

1. An artificial feed for a larva of a paranthrene tabaniformis is characterized by comprising the following components: every 200mL of distilled water contains 0-100g of carya illinoensis sawdust, 0-30g of soybean meal, 0-20g of corn flour, 0-5g of agar powder, 0-4g of yeast powder, 0-0.17g of acetylcholine chloride, 0-0.33g of cholesterol, 0-10g of glucose, 0-2g of sorbic acid, 0-2g of p-hydroxybenzoate, 0-0.67g of wechsler's salt and 0-0.7g of vitamin C.
2. The artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises the following components: every 200mL of distilled water contains 100g of carya illinoensis sawdust, 10g of glucose, 15g of soybean meal, 10g of corn flour, 4g of yeast powder, 5g of agar powder, 0.17g of acetylcholine chloride, 2g of sorbic acid, 2g of p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.33g of cholesterol, 0.67g of wechsler's salt and 0.7g of vitamin C.
3. A method of preparing an artificial feed for a larva of a paranthrene according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting branches and trunks of apocarya, reserving barks, cutting the barks into fragments, and putting the fragments into a grinder to be ground into apocarya sawdust;
s2, weighing various components of the artificial feed for the paranthrene larvae according to the amount, heating distilled water to 100 ℃, pouring agar powder into the artificial feed, stirring the mixture by using a glass rod to dissolve the agar powder, and adding glucose into the mixture;
s3, pouring the webster salt, the yeast powder, the acetylcholine chloride, the cholesterol, the sorbic acid and the p-hydroxybenzoate into the mixed solution obtained in the step S2, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s4, adding the pecan sawdust, the soybean meal and the corn flour, and uniformly stirring;
and S5, adding vitamin C when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and fully stirring to prepare the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaci.
4. Use of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene according to claim 1 or claim 2 for artificially rearing the larvae of the paranthrene.
5. The application of the paranthrene larva artificial feed in artificial feeding of paranthrene larva according to claim 4, wherein the paranthrene larva is a caryophyllata karst paranthra larva.
6. The application of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene moth according to claim 4 in artificial feeding of the larvae of the paranthrene moth, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Respectively loading the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis into glass test tubes, sealing the glass test tubes, and then sterilizing the glass test tubes under high pressure;
(2) After cooling to normal temperature, poking a round hole on the surface of the feed in the step (1), and putting the paranthrene larvae into the round hole to drill downwards;
(3) And (3) putting the larvae obtained in the step (2) into an illumination incubator for breeding, and periodically replacing the feed until the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis pupate.
7. The use of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene according to claim 6 for artificially feeding the larvae of the paranthrene, wherein in the step (1), 25g of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene is contained in each glass test tube.
8. The use of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis are inserted into one end of each tube.
9. The application of the artificial feed for the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis as claimed in claim 6 in artificial feeding of the larvae of the paranthrene tabaniformis, wherein in the step (3), the feeding conditions are as follows: 24 ℃, L: d =12:12, the relative humidity is 60 to 70 percent; the time for regular replacement of feed was 5 days.
10. The use of the artificial feed for feeding the larvae of the paranthrene according to claim 6 for feeding the larvae of the paranthrene in an artificial manner, wherein in the step (3), after the larvae of the paranthrene pupate, the pupae are taken out of the glass test tube and placed into a culture dish, cotton and filter paper are padded on the bottom of the culture dish, the bottom of the culture dish is sealed by a plastic film, a plurality of holes are punched on the plastic film, and the filter paper is periodically dripped with sterile water for moisturizing and is sprayed with the sterile water into the culture box every day until the paranthrene pupae are broken and eclosion.
CN202211463248.2A 2022-11-21 2022-11-21 Artificial feed for larvae of Periploca similis, and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN115868584A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1653937A (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-08-17 中国科学院动物研究所 Artificial feed for antlered larvae, its preparing method and use
CN102578425A (en) * 2012-03-14 2012-07-18 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 Artificial diet for Lepidopterous young larvae, preparation method for artificial diet and application of artificial diet
CN103947874A (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-07-30 北京林业大学 Feed of lepidopterous larvae and preparation method thereof
CN109198308A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 南京林业大学 A kind of the artificial feeding special feed and its rearing method of coffee witchetty grub
CN113100358A (en) * 2021-05-25 2021-07-13 福建农林大学 Artificial feed for promoting growth of lepidoptera insects

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1653937A (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-08-17 中国科学院动物研究所 Artificial feed for antlered larvae, its preparing method and use
CN102578425A (en) * 2012-03-14 2012-07-18 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 Artificial diet for Lepidopterous young larvae, preparation method for artificial diet and application of artificial diet
CN103947874A (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-07-30 北京林业大学 Feed of lepidopterous larvae and preparation method thereof
CN109198308A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 南京林业大学 A kind of the artificial feeding special feed and its rearing method of coffee witchetty grub
CN113100358A (en) * 2021-05-25 2021-07-13 福建农林大学 Artificial feed for promoting growth of lepidoptera insects

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