CN112931416A - Method for breeding pyemotes and method for using pyemotes to control boring insects - Google Patents
Method for breeding pyemotes and method for using pyemotes to control boring insects Download PDFInfo
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- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000256843 Apis mellifera ligustica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 claims description 36
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding pyemotes and a method for using pyemotes to control boring-moth pests, (1) preparing first-generation artificial pyemotes species by using larvae and pupae of Chinese bees or Italian bees; (2) utilizing larva and pupa of Chinese bee or Italian bee to make large quantity breeding; (3) carrying out artificial scale breeding on the pyemotes by utilizing larvae and pupae of the Chinese bees or the Italian bees; (4) and (5) packaging and storing. According to the invention, larvae and pupae of Chinese bees or Italian bees are used as substitute hosts of the pyemotes, so that the breeding cost of the pyemotes can be greatly reduced, the breeding amount of the pyemotes is increased, the high activity of mite species is kept, and the artificial large-scale breeding of natural enemies of the pyemotes is really realized. The pyemotes obtained by the invention can be used for preventing and treating boring insects, and the effect of the pyemotes on preventing and treating the boring insects is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological pest control, in particular to a method for breeding pyemotes and a method for controlling boring pests by using the pyemotes.
Background
Boring insects are important insects of forest trees and crops, and bring huge loss to agricultural grain yield and forestry ecological environment every year, so that the prevention and the treatment of boring insects are very necessary. However, the property of concealing pests by such pests often causes difficulties in the control work. The pyemotes is a natural enemy of various boring insects, and can actively find the hidden place of the boring insects for parasitism. Zhang Shuang et al used pyemotest of the foreign wheat pyemotes pyemotetritti to carry out parasitic test on the longicorn beetles, cyprocos bark beetles, Japanese double spine long beetles and six-star black leopard moth, and after 30 days, the pests can be parasitic, and the maximum corrected parasitic rate can reach 84.7%. In the 1997, such as Lichen, the pyemotes scolytus is used for carrying out a parasitic test on the pyemotes bark beetle, and the parasitic rate can reach 100% on the 4 th day. In 1986, Jouvense et al placed pyemotes into the nest of red fire ants, and both larvae and pupae in the entire nest were parasitized by the pyemotes. Hoschele et al use pyemotes to control Mediterranean meal moth, which can be completely controlled. In the plum-shine grass 2020, the pyemotes sinensis is used for preventing and controlling the small wireworm moth in the wild, and the prevention effect can reach 44.17 percent. Experiments of the insect pest coconut leaf moth parasitic invasion of the pyemotes tritici is recorded in 2018 of Xiujia et al, and the parasitic rate can reach 100%. As can be seen from the above examples, the pyemotes is a high-quality natural enemy of boring-insect pests, and the important task of controlling the pests in agriculture and forestry is to master the artificial scale breeding technology of the natural enemy of the pyemotes.
At present, breeding pyemotes natural enemies is realized by relying on alternative hosts, mainly including barley pest initial hatching pupae, silkworm pupae, grub, bark beetle larva, narrow Taiwan beetle larva, callosobruchus chinensis, trichogramma pupae, yellow meal beetle pupae, poplar longicorn larva, fir longicorn larva, fish eggs and the like, and the situations that artificial breeding of alternative hosts is not realized, breeding efficiency is low, breeding cost is high and operation is complex exist. For example, the widely used alternative hosts such as longicorn, populus japonicus, narrow Taiwan longicorn, and longicorn of Japanese redwood have not been bred in large scale, and are obtained by field collection, and the natural population instability and difficult acquireability limit the large-scale breeding. The most used alternative host, namely the yellow meal beetle pupa, realizes large-scale breeding, but because the yellow meal beetle pupa is active, the epidermis is thick and hard, the pyemotes is difficult to bite and fix, and the breeding success rate is low. And less trichogramma pupae are used, the single trichogramma pupae is extremely small, the nutrition is low, few offspring are generated, the relative cost is high, the production procedure is complex, and the large-scale breeding is not suitable. In addition, the pyemotes puffiness body is fragile and easy to fall off in the processes of storage, transportation and storage, so that the packaging, storage and release of the pyemotes puffiness body are also problems to be solved. The problems that artificial large-scale breeding, breeding efficiency, storage, transportation and release of alternative hosts are urgently needed to be solved at present are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding pyemotes by newly replacing hosts and application of the pyemotes in preventing and controlling boring insects. Firstly, the source of the substitutive host is stable and easy to obtain. The larvae and pupae of Italian bee and Chinese bee can be purchased in the market, and can be purchased all the year round. Secondly, the price is low. Because the two alternative hosts are bred on a large scale, the price of the single bee larva and pupa is far lower than that of other alternative hosts currently used. Thirdly, the breeding efficiency is high. The quantity of pyemotes puffer bodies which can be bred by a single bee mature larva is more than 80 percent more than that of the puffer bodies bred by the currently used longhorn beetle pupae. Fourth, offspring larval mites are highly viable. The pyemotes mites bred by using the bee larvae and pupae can survive for 5 days, and the maximum diffusion distance is over 400 meters. From the four aspects, the scale breeding technology of the alternative host selected by the invention is superior to most of the prior technologies. In addition, the invention discloses a special mite storage pipe and a special mite storage bag, and solves the problems of packaging, storage and release.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for breeding pyemotes, which uses bee larva and pupa to breed pyemotes, comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a first-generation artificial pyemotes seed; (2) breeding and making a large number of seeds; (3) artificial scale breeding; (4) and (5) storage and transportation.
Each specific step is as follows:
(1) preparation of first generation artificial pyemotes species using larvae and pupae of Apis cerana or Apis mellifera
Collecting the puffer bodies of the Chinese shell mites or the cattail mites with wild characters from the wild, placing the puffer bodies in a circular glass culture dish at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50 +/-5%, and culturing for more than 7 days; observing the pyemotes puffiness body with a dissecting mirror to produce young mites, placing 1 head of the 3 rd young larva of healthy Italian bees or Chinese bees into a mite storage pipe, placing into a culture dish for the young mites, keeping the temperature and humidity unchanged, and placing the number of the small larva of the bees to the number of the puffiness body in a ratio of 1: 1; continuously culturing for 7-10 days until all the young mites develop into mature puffiness, and taking the puffiness of the pyemotes in the mite storage pipe as a first-generation artificial pyemotes;
(2) method for preparing large amount of breeding seeds from larva and pupa of Apis cerana Fabricius or Apis mellifera
Placing a first-generation artificial pyemotes seed storage mite tube in the center of an empty culture dish, placing the empty culture dish in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50 +/-5%, observing a pyemotes dilatorum to produce larval mites by using a dissecting mirror, placing the aged larvae or pupae of healthy Italian bees or Chinese bees which are already placed in the storage mite tube in the culture dish, placing the ratio of the number of the healthy larvae and pupae to the number of the larvae of the first-generation artificial pyemotes seed to be 100:1, continuously culturing for 7-10 days, and taking the larval mites as mature dilatorum after all the larval mites grow.
(3) Artificial large-scale breeding of pyemotes by using larva and pupa of Chinese bee or Italian bee
Generally, a circular mite receiving box is selected, the radius is not less than 10cm, a large number of mite storage pipes for breeding pyemotes are moved to the center of the empty mite receiving box, and 5 mites are placed in the mite receiving box with the radius of 10 cm; every 1cm of radius is increased, 2 seeds are added; observing the pyemotes puffiness to produce young mites, putting healthy Italian bees or Chinese bees aged larvae and pupae which are filled in the mite storage pipe, and putting the pyemotes around the center; the ratio of the number of the placed seeds to the number of the seeds is 50: 1; the culture temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 50 +/-5%, the culture is kept for 7 days, and the pyemotes puffer body in the mite storage tube is an unpackaged finished product for artificial breeding.
(4) Packing and storage
Transferring the mite storage tube filled with the pyemotes puffiness produced in the step (3) into a mite storage bag with a release device, sealing the mite storage bag, and placing the mite storage bag in a refrigerator with the relative humidity of 30% at 4 ℃ for standby (no more than 90 days); before being used in the field, the mite can still generate young mites after being taken out 15 days in advance and placed at room temperature.
In the process of breeding natural enemies of pyemotes molesta, pyemotes zhonghuajia and other pyemotes, the invention selects and uses new larvae and pupae of Italian bees as alternative hosts.
In the breeding process, the mature larvae and pupae of the Italian bees or Chinese bees are placed in a special mite storage tube.
The mite storage pipe of the pyemotes puffiness body is moved into a mite storage bag with a release device to become a product which can be used in the field.
The mite receiving box is provided with a liquid isolation device to prevent the pyemotes from escaping; the mite storage pipe comprises an inner wall support and a porous structure, and is beneficial to the entry of the pyemotes larvae; the mite storage bag is provided with a convenient hand tearing opening and a field hanging opening.
The invention also provides the application of the pyemotes in preventing and treating boring-moth pests, in the boring-moth hazard period of the boring-moth pests, the mite storage bag filled with the pyemotes dilatorium is taken out, placed at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 15 days, then conveyed to a forest, released on sunny days with the temperature higher than 17 ℃, torn by hands when released, and hung on a tree;
investigating pest population density of a single plant before release of the pyemotes dilatomen; according to the production and storage flow of the steps, more than 2 million effective young mites can be contained in each mite storage bag. When the pesticide is used in the field, the number of the released pyemotidae is determined according to the actual population number of the field boring pests. The ratio of the small apple Giardia to the young pyemotes is 1: 50; the ratio of the fir longicorn to the pyemotes nymphs is 1: 150; the ratio of the narrow-leaved corydalis herb to the young pyemotes is 1: 100; generally, one tree will keep releasing 1 bag of pyemotes.
The parasitic rate can be investigated by randomly sampling part of the damaged plant individuals or branches and dissecting and investigating the number of the pests to be parasitized 15 days after the release of the pyemotes.
The invention provides a method for artificially breeding natural enemy pyemotes by using simple and easily-obtained cheap bee larvae and pupae as intermediate hosts and application of the method in preventing and controlling boring insects. By selecting and utilizing larvae or pupae of Italian bee (Apis mellifera angustica) or Chinese bee (Apisceraranaceae) as a substitute host of pyemotes (Pyemotesmoseri), the pyemotes breeding efficiency is remarkably improved; the invention opens up a new efficient intermediate host type for breeding pyemotes, can completely replace the currently used longhorn beetles (Paragleaefortunei), aspen longhorn beetles (Saperdapopulnea), trichogramma pupae (Tricholoma trichomonae) and yellow meal beetle pupae (Tenebrio molitor), and compared with the breeding cost of the currently utilized substitute hosts, the breeding cost of the present invention is reduced by more than 50 percent compared with the breeding cost of the longhorn beetles and the aspen longhorn beetles, and the number of the pyemotes bred by a single host can be improved by 70 percent; compared with the breeding cost of trichogramma and tenebrio molitor, the cost is reduced by 60 percent, and the number of pyemotes bred by a single-head host can be respectively increased by 30 times and 7 times. The pyemotes bred by the bee in the invention has good control effect on borers such as apple small Jiding (Agrilusmosai), white wax narrow Jiding (Agrilusspampinenis), Semanotusbifasciatus and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the larvae and pupae of Chinese bees or Italian bees are used as substitute hosts of the pyemotes, so that the breeding cost of the pyemotes can be greatly reduced, the breeding amount of the pyemotes is increased, the high activity of the mite species is kept, and the artificial large-scale breeding of natural enemies of the pyemotes is really realized.
2. The pyemotes obtained by the invention can be used for preventing and treating boring insects, and the effect of the pyemotes on preventing and treating the boring insects is good.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1 comparison of breeding efficiency of new replacement hosts with various current hosts:
(1) preparation of first-generation artificial pyemotes species by using 3-instar larvae of Italian bees
Collecting Tyrophagus argyrophyllus Boophilus bodies on the Amygdalus bigeminq from the Ili wild fruit forest in Xinjiang, placing the obtained Abelmoschus bigeminq bodies in a culture dish under the conditions of 25 ℃ of temperature and 50 +/-5% of relative humidity until young mites are born; and (3) placing the healthy Italian bee larva of 3 years old in a mite storage pipe, then placing the larva in a culture dish with the larva mites, keeping the temperature and the humidity unchanged, and continuously culturing until the larva mites all develop into mature puffy bodies.
(2) Comparison of mite receiving efficiency of newly substituted host and various current hosts
And (3) selecting 10 tubes of the first-generation artificial pyemotes cultured in the step (1), placing the first-generation artificial pyemotes cultured in the step (1) in a mite receiving box, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 50 +/-5%, and waiting for a large number of pyemotes young mites to be born. Selecting various alternative hosts of Bombycis meridionis catenulata pupa, Bombycis meridionis bismeridionis pupa, Botrytis fulvidraco aged larva, Pinus sylvestris aged larva, Italian bee aged larva, and Chinese bee aged larva, selecting 10 heads of each alternative host, placing in mite receiving discs, keeping for 24 hr, taking out, and placing in separate culture boxes for culture without changing temperature and humidity. After 7 days, the number of puffs on each surrogate was counted.
TABLE 1 comparison of mite-receiving efficiency of New surrogate hosts and various Ready-to-use hosts (2020.04)
(3) The results show that
As can be seen from Table 1, the single-head breeding amount of the two alternative hosts is obviously higher than that of the other alternative hosts. 380 cattail pollen puffiness can be bred by each average mature larva of Italy bee mature larvae, and 284.8 cattail pollen puffiness can be bred by each average mature larva of Chinese bee mature larvae; respectively higher than 67% and 25% of the pupae of the long-horned beetle; is 10 times and 7.7 times of the breeding amount of the yellow mealworm respectively. The parasitizing rates of the two alternative hosts are both 100 percent and are higher than the parasitizing rates of the long horned beetle, the long horned beetle and the yellow mealworm beetle of the ramie.
Example 2 artificial breeding of pyemotes zhonghuajia to control longspur longhorn:
(1) first-generation artificial seed for preventing pyemotes zhonghuajia by using 3-instar larvae of Chinese bees
Collecting puffy bodies of Chinese beetle and pyemotes of Platycladus orientalis from Beijing in 1 month of 2020, and placing in a culture dish at 25 deg.C and relative humidity of 50 + -5% until young mites are born; and (3) placing the healthy 3-year-old young Chinese bee larvae into a mite storage tube, placing the tube into a culture dish with young mites, keeping the temperature and the humidity unchanged, and continuously culturing until all the young mites develop into mature puffy bodies.
(2) Method for preparing large-scale breeding species of pyemotes sinensis by using aged larvae of Chinese bees
Placing a first generation artificial pyemotes seed storage mite tube 1 in the center of an empty culture dish, placing the empty culture dish in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50 +/-5%, observing a pyemotes bulge body by using a dissecting mirror to produce young mites, placing healthy aged larvae of Chinese bees which are already placed in the storage mite tube in the culture dish, placing the healthy larvae of the Chinese bees in a ratio of 100:1 to the number of larvae of the first generation artificial pyemotes seed, continuously culturing for 10 days, and taking the mature bulge body of the pyemotes as a mass breeding seed when all the young mites develop into the mature bulge body.
(3) Artificial large-scale breeding by using Chinese bee larva
Moving a mite storage pipe for breeding a large number of pyemotes to the center of the empty mite receiving box, observing the pyemotes puffiness to produce young mites, putting the healthy Chinese bee mature larvae which are filled in the mite storage pipe, and setting the ratio of the number of the young mites to be 50: 1; culturing at 25 deg.C and relative humidity of 50 + -5%, maintaining for 7 days, and transferring the mite storage tube into mite storage bag with release device.
(4) Method for preventing and treating Sequoia bifasciata by utilizing artificially bred pyemotes zhonghuashanensis
Collecting arborvitae tree harmed by Semiaquilegia tenuifolia in the field, and selecting 20 cypress segments with the same damage degree and thickness, wherein the length is 2 m; 5 roots are in one group; a, B, C, D4 groups in total; group A releases 1 bag of pyemotes per wood segment; each wood section of group B releases 2 bags of pyemotes; c, releasing 3 bags of pyemotes per wood section; group D was left untreated as a control. After 15 days, the wood sections were dissected to check for parasitic rates.
(5) Effect analysis of controlling Sequoia bisiana
TABLE 2 parasitic ratio of different release amounts
| Repetition of 1 | Repetition 2 | Repetition of 3 | Repetition of 4 | Repetition 5 | Average | |
| A | 40.00％ | 33.00％ | 22.00％ | 27.00％ | 47.00％ | 33.80％ |
| B | 48.00％ | 47.00％ | 44.00％ | 35.00％ | 44.00％ | 43.60％ |
| C | 65.00％ | 68.00％ | 78.00％ | 68.00％ | 71.00％ | 70.00％ |
| D | 0.00％ | 0.00％ | 0.00％ | 0.00％ | 0.00％ | 0.00％ |
With the increase of the release amount, the average parasitic rate of the three groups of wood sections obviously rises; the group C parasitic rate of releasing three bags of pyemotes per wood segment is the highest and is 70%; the parasitism rate of the repeat 3 is the highest of 78 percent.
Claims (7)
1. A method of breeding pyemotes, comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a first-generation artificial pyemotes seed; (2) breeding and making a large number of seeds; (3) artificial scale breeding; (4) and (5) storage and transportation.
2. The method for breeding pyemotes according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of preparing the first generation artificial pyemotes species from larvae and pupae of Chinese bee or Italian bee comprises the following steps:
collecting the puffer bodies of the Chinese shell mites or the cattail mites with wild characters from the wild, placing the puffer bodies in a circular glass culture dish at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50 +/-5%, and culturing for more than 7 days; observing the pyemotes puffiness body with a dissecting mirror to produce young mites, placing 1 head of the 3 rd young larva of healthy Italian bees or Chinese bees into a mite storage pipe, placing into a culture dish for the young mites, keeping the temperature and humidity unchanged, and placing the number of the small larva of the bees to the number of the puffiness body in a ratio of 1: 1; and continuously culturing for 7-10 days until all the young mites develop into mature puffiness, and taking the puffiness of the pyemotes in the mite storage pipe as the first generation of artificial pyemotes.
3. The method for breeding pyemotes according to claim 2, wherein the step (2) of breeding a large number of breeding breeds using larvae and pupae of Chinese bee or Italian bee, comprises the following steps:
placing a first generation artificial pyemotes seed mite storage tube in the center of an empty culture dish, placing the empty culture dish in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50 +/-5%, observing the pyemotes dilatorium by using a dissecting mirror to produce larval mites, placing the aged larvae or pupae of healthy Italian bees or Chinese bees which are already placed in the mite storage tube in the culture dish, placing the ratio of the number of the healthy bee larvae and pupae to the number of the bee larvae of the first generation artificial pyemotes seed to be 100:1, continuously culturing for 7-10 days, and taking the larval mites as mature dilatorium after all the larval mites develop, wherein the dilatorium of the pyemotes is used as a large-scale breeding seed.
4. The method for breeding pyemotes according to claim 3, wherein the step (3) of breeding pyemotes on an artificial scale by using larvae and pupae of Chinese bees or Italian bees comprises the following steps:
a circular mite receiving box is used, the radius is not less than 10cm, a large number of mite storage pipes for breeding the pyemotes are moved to the center position of the empty mite receiving box, and 5 mites are placed in the mite receiving box with the radius of 10 cm; every 1cm of radius is increased, 2 seeds are added; observing the pyemotes puffiness to produce young mites, putting healthy Italian bees or Chinese bees aged larvae and pupae which are filled in the mite storage pipe, and putting the pyemotes around the center; the ratio of the number of the placed seeds to the number of the seeds is 50: 1; the culture temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 50 +/-5%, the culture is kept for 7 days, and the pyemotes puffer body in the mite storage tube is an unpackaged finished product for artificial breeding.
5. The method for breeding pyemotes according to claim 4, wherein the step (4) of packaging and storing comprises the following steps:
transferring the mite storage pipe filled with the pyemotes puffiness body produced in the step (3) into a mite storage bag with a release device, sealing the mite storage bag, and placing the sealed mite storage bag in a refrigerator with the relative humidity of 30% at 4 ℃ for standby application, wherein the relative humidity cannot exceed 90 days; before being used in the field, the mites are taken out 15 days in advance and are placed at room temperature to generate young mites.
6. Method for controlling boring insects, characterized in that pyemotes obtained according to any of claims 1 to 5 are used for controlling boring insects.
7. The method for controlling pyemotes according to claim 6, characterized in that the amount of released pyemotes is determined according to the actual population number of the field boring pest when used in the field; the ratio of the small apple Giardia to the young pyemotes is 1: 50; the ratio of the fir longicorn to the pyemotes nymphs is 1: 150; the ratio of the narrow-lucerne and the young pyemotes is 1: 100.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110209657.9A CN112931416A (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | Method for breeding pyemotes and method for using pyemotes to control boring insects |
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| CN113519323A (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2021-10-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preventing and controlling stem borers by applying biological medium method |
| CN114794026A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for preventing and treating camellia oleifera pest namely plum blossom moth by using pyemotes giganteus for expanding propagation of old larvae of galleria mellonella |
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| CN113519323A (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2021-10-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preventing and controlling stem borers by applying biological medium method |
| CN114794026A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for preventing and treating camellia oleifera pest namely plum blossom moth by using pyemotes giganteus for expanding propagation of old larvae of galleria mellonella |
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