CN115843556A - Method for eliminating grafted seedling sprout - Google Patents
Method for eliminating grafted seedling sprout Download PDFInfo
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- CN115843556A CN115843556A CN202211506753.0A CN202211506753A CN115843556A CN 115843556 A CN115843556 A CN 115843556A CN 202211506753 A CN202211506753 A CN 202211506753A CN 115843556 A CN115843556 A CN 115843556A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for eliminating grafted seedling sprout, which takes the potential sprout regeneration site of a stock as an action site, and adopts laser with proper intensity to accurately and effectively burn the stock growth site, the technology does not cause damage to other tissues of the stock, does not influence the survival rate of grafted seedlings and the later seedling formation, and the sprout regeneration of the stock after laser treatment is completely eliminated, and the manual sprout removal is not needed subsequently, thereby ensuring that the sprout regeneration rate of the grafted seedling is reduced to 0, being not easy to injure the grafted seedling by mistake, and reducing the infection risk of the grafted seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a method for eliminating grafted seedling sprout tillering.
Background
Grafting is widely applied in fruit and vegetable seedling raising. The method for grafting the fruits and vegetables by adopting the excellent rootstocks can enhance the resistance of the fruits and vegetables, improve the yield of the fruits and vegetables, and greatly reduce the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thereby being an environment-friendly green agricultural production technology.
However, during the grafting and seedling raising process, some outstanding problems are also faced, such as shoot regeneration of the rootstock. The growth of the rootstock sprout can consume the nutrition of the grafted seedling, so that the seedling period of the grafted seedling is prolonged; if the sprout tiller is not removed in time, the cion overgrowth, the infection and the like are easily caused. The grafting, seedling raising and sprout removal are important and tedious work. Taking melon grafting seedlings as an example, the sprout tiller needs to be manually removed more than twice in the whole seedling raising period, a large amount of labor force is consumed, and the production cost of the grafting seedlings is increased.
At present, the production of the factory grafted seedlings still mainly adopts the manual removal of the sprout tillers, but the method has more defects: (1) A large amount of labor is consumed for manually removing the sprout tillers, and the production cost is increased; (2) The sprout is positioned at the base of the grafted seedling, and the grafted seedling is easy to be accidentally injured in the sprout removing process; (3) After the sprout tiller is removed, the grafted seedling generates larger wound, and the risks of infection and disease transmission of the grafted seedling are increased.
Therefore, how to inhibit the growth of rootstock sprout is a research difficulty and a hotspot in the field of grafting and seedling. In the existing research, medicament treatment is adopted in many choices, and the method is relatively complicated, not green and limited in effect, so that the better progress is not achieved yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for eliminating the sprout of the grafted seedling, which can ensure that the sprout regeneration rate of the grafted seedling is reduced to 0, prevent the grafted seedling from being accidentally injured, and reduce the risk of disease infection of the grafted seedling.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the technical idea of the invention is to provide a method for obtaining a rootstock without a sprout-tillering regeneration site, which comprises the following steps: potential sprout tiller regeneration sites of the conventional rootstocks are subjected to laser burn treatment.
The technical idea of the invention is to provide a method for eliminating the sprout of the grafted seedling, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a stock for constructing a grafted seedling; determining potential tiller regeneration sites of the rootstock, and burning the potential tiller regeneration sites of the rootstock by laser to obtain the rootstock without the tiller regeneration sites; grafting the rootstock without the shoot regeneration site with the scion; and (5) grafting management and seedling establishment.
Preferably, in the method for eliminating grafted seedling sprout tillers, before the step of laser burning, the method further comprises the step of performing light positioning on sprout tillers regeneration sites by using weak light which has no harm to the rootstocks. More preferably, the weak light is: the wavelength of the laser is 450nm +/-5 nm, the laser intensity is 1 percent, and the power is 0.05W.
In some embodiments, the rootstock for grafting seedling construction is a pumpkin rootstock, and the laser burn process parameters are as follows: the wavelength of the laser is 400-600 nm, the laser intensity is 1-20%, the power is 0.5-1.5W, the laser stroke is 4-6 cm, and the laser treatment time is 0.5-2 s. Preferably, the process parameters of the laser burn are as follows: the wavelength of the laser is 450nm +/-5 nm, the laser intensity is 1W, the power is 1.0W, the laser stroke is 5cm, and the laser processing time is 1s.
In some of these embodiments, the grafting method is grafting. The rootstock for grafting seedling construction is a pumpkin rootstock, and the scion is a melon and fruit scion.
In some of these embodiments, the rootstock for grafting construction is a pumpkin rootstock, and the scion is a cucumber scion. The grafting management comprises the following steps: after grafting, reinserting the grafted seedling into a plug filled with a matrix, keeping the relative water content of the matrix at 80%, and transferring the grafted seedling into a grafting healing chamber for healing: ensuring that the humidity in the grafting healing chamber is over 90 percent, gradually reducing the humidity of the healing chamber after 4 days of grafting, ensuring that the grafted seedlings do not wither after 7 days, and ending the healing period; and transferring to a conventional growth environment for culture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention firstly provides a method for obtaining the rootstock without the sprout regeneration site by carrying out laser burn treatment on the potential sprout regeneration site of the conventional rootstock, thereby providing a new method for eliminating the sprout of the grafted seedling. The method adopts the laser technology to pretreat the sprout tiller growth point of the stock before grafting, the treated stock does not produce any sprout tiller at all, the later sprout tiller removing workload is reduced, meanwhile, the risk of sprout tiller wound infection diseases and insect pests is reduced, the method is a breakthrough progress for solving the agricultural production problem by utilizing the advanced scientific technology, and the method has a better application prospect.
The new method does not cause damage to other tissues of the stock, does not influence the survival rate of grafted seedlings and the later-stage seedling formation of the grafted seedlings, completely eliminates the regeneration of the stock after laser treatment, does not need manual sprout removal subsequently, can ensure that the regeneration rate of the sprout of the grafted seedlings is reduced to 0, is not easy to accidentally injure the grafted seedlings, and reduces the infection risk of the grafted seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for removing sprout tillers by laser and a grafting seedling process.
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of the impact test of the process parameters of the laser burn test in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a test chart of grafting of the Nangua rootstock and the yellow scion in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a system for removing sprout tillers by laser, which includes a stock station to be processed (also referred to as "processing platform" or "processing platform" for short) and a laser assembly.
The laser assembly comprises a laser transmitter and a controller module, the controller module controls the laser intensity emitted by the laser transmitter, a laser head of the laser generator vertically faces downwards, a stock station to be processed is arranged under the laser head, and the height of the stock station to be processed is preferably adjustable in form structure, so that the height distance (laser stroke) between the stock to be processed and the laser head can be conveniently controlled.
Preferably, the laser emitter is a blue laser module with the wavelength of 450nm +/-5 nm and the power of 5W (laser intensity of 100%).
Preferably, the stock to be treated is prepared from materials capable of preventing laser burns, and the fire caused by laser in the treatment process is prevented.
The laser sprout removal system can be used for sprout removal operation of grafted seedlings. The present embodiment may also provide a process of a method for eliminating grafted seedling sprout tillering, as shown in fig. 1C, including: stock cultivation, stock cutting, stock laser treatment, grafting, healing and seedling formation.
The grafting method adopts a conventional method, and the grafting management process is similar to that of the conventional method and has no great difference. The step of processing the stock by laser is added in the production process of the grafted seedling, so that the work of manually removing the sprout tillers repeatedly is not needed in the management process of the grafted seedling in the later period.
Example 2
In this example, the laser sprout-removing tiller system of example 1 was used to treat the true leaves of the rootstock, and the influence of different laser intensities on the burn condition of the true leaves of the pumpkin rootstock was investigated.
The method comprises the following specific steps: determining the back of the true leaves of the rootstock as a laser treatment site, determining the laser treatment height H =25cm, determining the laser treatment intensity (100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%, and observing the burning condition of the back of the leaves respectively for the power, 4.5W, 4W, 3.5W, 3W, 2.5W, 2.0W, 1.5W, 0.5W, 0W) and the laser treatment time (T =1 s), wherein the statistical result is shown in a graph A in figure 2. The results show that: under the condition of the same laser treatment height and treatment time, the higher the laser intensity is, the more serious the burn to the rootstock leaves is. The laser intensity is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5W and the laser intensity is 10 to 30%, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.0W and the laser intensity is 10 to 20%.
The present example further explores the effect of different laser treatment heights on the burning condition of the true leaves of the rootstock. The method comprises the following specific steps: determining the back of the true leaves of the rootstock as a laser treatment site, determining different laser treatment heights (H =25cm,20cm,15cm,10cm and 5cm, no-treatment control CK), laser intensity (30%, power of 1.5W) and laser irradiation time (1 s), observing the burn condition of the back of the leaves, and obtaining statistical results shown in a B picture in figure 2. The results show that: under the condition of the same laser intensity and laser treatment duration, the burn range is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the height H, and the laser treatment precision is greatly improved.
The embodiment further researches the influence of different laser treatment durations on the burning condition of the true leaves of the rootstocks. The method comprises the following specific steps: determining the back of the true leaves of the rootstock as a laser treatment site, determining the laser treatment height (H =10 cm), the laser intensity (30%, 1.5W) and the laser treatment time length (T =4s,2s,1s,0.5s, no treatment control CK), observing the burn condition of the back of the leaves, and obtaining the statistical result shown in a C chart in figure 2. The results show that: under the condition of the same laser treatment height and laser intensity, along with the increase of the laser treatment time, the burn range and the burn degree are enlarged, and the precision is reduced.
It is worth to be noted that the optimal laser processing parameters of different stock varieties are slightly different, and the laser processing parameters, such as the laser intensity I, the laser processing height H and the laser processing time length T, can be determined by adopting the method aiming at different stock varieties.
And further selecting the laser intensity of 20 percent (power of 1W), the laser processing height of 5cm and the laser processing time of 1s to accurately process the stock growing points. The pumpkin rootstock Jingxin rootstock No. 2 is used as a rootstock material, the cucumber Jinchun No. 4 is used as a scion material, and a double-broken-root monocotyledon grafting method is adopted for grafting. The rootstock is placed on a treatment table, the wound faces upwards, the sprout of the growing point is treated by laser, and after the treatment is finished, the treatment effect is observed by a microscope. The observation results show that the laser completely removes the sprout, and only the growth point has black burn marks (D and E in figure 2), which indicates that the parameters can be used as the setting parameters of the laser sprout removal of the pumpkin rootstock.
Example 3
In the embodiment, a pumpkin stock Jingxin stock No. 2 is used as a stock material, a cucumber Jinchun No. 4 is used as a scion material, and a double-broken-root monocotyledon grafting method is adopted for grafting, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stock and scion cultivation:
cultivating a pumpkin stock: the stock seed is "Jingxin stock No. 2" pumpkin stock, chooses for use 50 hole cave dishes, and the matrix chooses for use coconut husk: perlite =6:4, one seed is planted in each hole, and after germination and emergence, the seeds are cultured until one leaf and one core (seedlings from germination accelerating to seedling forming for about 14 days).
Cucumber scion cultivation: the cultivation conditions are the same as that of a pumpkin stock, and the cucumber variety is 'Jinchun No. 4'. Grafting can be carried out after the seed leaves of the cucumber seedlings are unearthed and upright, and the seedling age is about 4-5 days.
Before grafting of the pumpkin rootstock and the cucumber scion, respectively watering enough moisture, obliquely cutting a knife from the root base of the rootstock after slightly draining the moisture of leaves, cutting the rootstock and the scion, and putting the rootstock and the scion on a grafting operation platform for operation of a grafting worker or a grafting robot.
Cutting the healing part of the pumpkin rootstock, obliquely cutting a cotyledon downwards from the middle position of a growing point by using a blade, cutting an oblique cutting plane with the length of about 0.5cm, and finishing the rootstock treatment.
Cutting the cucumber scion healing part, cutting the cucumber scion at the position about 0.5cm below the cotyledon, and cutting off the embryonic axis, wherein the section length is about 0.5cm, and the scion treatment is finished.
S2, determining a proper treatment site of the stock, and performing laser burn treatment:
through carrying out the tissue observation to the pumpkin stock tangent plane, discover that stock tangent plane summit department is mostly the growing point position that sprouts the regeneration, and this department can obviously observe the crossing of vascular bundle with naked eye, and at the cross point department, adopt the microscope can clearly see the growing point that sprouts.
In order to accurately remove the growth point of the stock without damaging other parts, the pumpkin stock is placed on a stock to-be-treated station of the laser sprout-removal system in the embodiment 1, the wound faces upwards, the pumpkin stock is positioned by using weak light (the laser intensity is 0.1%, the power is 0.05W and the harmless effect) after the stock is fixed, the growth point of the sprout-sprout regeneration of the stock is locked, then the laser intensity is adjusted to 20% (the power is 1W), the laser stroke is 5cm, and the laser treatment time is 1s.
S3, grafting by adopting a monocotyledon root-cutting and grafting method:
grafting adopts a grafting method, and is fixed by a transparent grafting clip with the length of 1cm and the diameter of 3mm (the size of the grafting clip can be determined according to the thickness of a stock combining part, namely the diameter of the grafting clip is equivalent to the stem thickness of a stock scion) so as to ensure that the section of the scion is completely attached to the section of the stock. Preparing cut rootstock and scion, aligning the scion section with the scion section of the rootstock to make the rootstock and the scion mutually attached, fixing the grafting combination part by using a grafting clamp, and respectively clamping the rootstock and the scion by two ends of the grafting clamp to make the two sections tightly close together without gaps.
After the grafting of the rootstock is finished, the grafted seedling is inserted into the plug tray filled with a new matrix again, the relative water content of the matrix is kept at about 80%, and after the plug tray is filled with the matrix, the whole grafted seedling is transferred into a grafting healing chamber for healing. The grafting healing period is 0-4 days, the humidity in the grafting healing chamber is ensured to be more than 90%, the humidity in the healing chamber is gradually reduced after 4 days of grafting, grafted seedlings do not wither after 7 days, the healing period is finished, and the seedlings are cultured under a normal environment.
In the experimental example, the conventional grafting seedling cultivation process is used as a control, the sprouting growth condition of the grafting seedling is observed, the sprouting rate and the grafting survival rate of the grafting seedling (sample amount: 71 plants in the control group and 68 plants in the laser treatment group) are counted, and the statistical results are shown as A and B in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3: compared with a control group, the grafting survival rate of the grafted seedlings after the rootstocks are treated by the laser reaches 96.26 percent, and is basically close to the survival rate of the conventional grafting method.
However, compared with the control group, the incidence rate of the sprout tillering of the grafted seedling after the rootstock is treated by the laser is 0%, and the sprout tillering elimination rate is as high as 100%.
The essence of the invention lies in that a method for obtaining the rootstock without the sprout regeneration site by carrying out laser burn treatment on the potential sprout regeneration site of the conventional rootstock is provided, thereby providing a new method for eliminating the sprout of the grafted seedling. The grafting method adopts a conventional method, and the grafting management process is similar to that of the conventional method and has no great difference. The method for cultivating the grafted seedlings increases the step of processing the rootstocks by laser, but does not need repeated sprout removal work in the later period in the process of managing the grafted seedlings, is not easy to accidentally injure the grafted seedlings, and can reduce the risk of disease infection of the grafted seedlings.
It should be noted that the above examples are only for further illustration and description of the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to further limit the technical solution of the present invention, and the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for obtaining the rootstock without the regeneration site of the sprout tiller is characterized by comprising the following steps: potential sprout tiller regeneration sites of the conventional rootstocks are subjected to laser burn treatment.
2. A method for eliminating grafted seedling sprout tillers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining a stock for constructing a grafted seedling;
determining potential shoot regeneration sites of the rootstocks;
burning the potential sprout-shoot regeneration sites of the rootstock by laser to obtain the rootstock without sprout-shoot regeneration sites;
grafting the rootstock without the sprout tiller regeneration site with the scion;
and (5) grafting management and seedling establishment.
3. The method of eliminating sprout tillers of grafted seedlings according to claim 2, further comprising the step of optically positioning the sprout regeneration sites with a weak light having no harmful effect on the rootstocks before the step of laser burning.
4. The method of eliminating grafted seedling sprout tillers of claim 3, wherein the weak light is: the laser wavelength is 450nm +/-5 nm, and the laser power is 0.05W.
5. The method for eliminating sprout tillers of a grafted seedling according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the rootstock for constructing the grafted seedling is a pumpkin rootstock, and the process parameters of the laser burn are as follows: the laser wavelength is 400-600 nm, the laser power is 0.5-1.5W, the laser stroke is 4-6 cm, and the laser processing time is 0.5-2 s.
6. The method for eliminating sprouting of a grafted seedling according to claim 5, wherein the rootstock for constructing the grafted seedling is a pumpkin rootstock, and the process parameters of laser burn are as follows: the laser wavelength is 450 +/-5 nm, the laser power is 1W, the laser stroke is 5cm, and the laser processing time is 1s.
7. The method of eliminating shoot sprouting of a grafted seedling according to any one of claims 2 to 4 wherein the grafting method is a grafting method.
8. The method of eliminating shoot tillers of grafted seedlings according to claim 7, wherein the scions are fruit scions.
9. The method of eliminating shoot tillers of grafted seedlings according to claim 8, wherein said scion is a cucumber scion.
10. The method of eliminating shoot tillers of grafted seedlings according to claim 9, wherein said graft management comprises: after grafting, the grafted seedling is reinserted into the plug tray filled with the matrix, the relative water content of the matrix is kept at 80%, and the grafted seedling is transferred into a grafting healing chamber to heal: ensuring that the humidity in the grafting healing chamber is over 90 percent, gradually reducing the humidity of the healing chamber after 4 days of grafting, ensuring that the grafted seedlings do not wither after 7 days, and ending the healing period;
and transferring to a conventional growth environment for culture.
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