CN115836634B - Planting method for preventing brown wrinkles of tomatoes - Google Patents
Planting method for preventing brown wrinkles of tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for preventing brown wrinkles of tomatoes, which belongs to the technical field of tomato planting, and comprises the following steps: selecting germination acceleration, raising seedlings, treating planting fields, planting, preventing and controlling, and picking; the method comprises the steps of raising seedlings, namely, exposing planting soil to sun to obtain exposed planting soil, uniformly mixing the exposed planting soil, chitosan, xanthan gum, monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain mixed planting soil, adding the mixed planting soil into a tray, fully wetting with water, standing, spraying pretreatment liquid on the surface of the mixed planting soil, controlling the weight ratio of prevention liquid to the mixed planting soil to be 1000:2-3, adding the tomato seeds after sprouting after spraying, and carrying out field planting on tomato seedlings after 28-30 days of seedling raising; the planting method is environment-friendly, and does not cause phytotoxicity to tomatoes and influence quality and yield of tomatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tomato planting, in particular to a planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes.
Background
Brown wrinkle fruit virus is a disease mainly occurring on tomatoes, belongs to tobacco mosaic virus, and is distinguished mainly by means of flower leaf symptoms on tender leaves and terminal buds of tomatoes, spots and yellow plaques are formed on tomato fruits, or abnormal phenomena of fruits and leaves occur, when the fruits are brown, the symptoms of necrotic streaks occur on stems or sepals, and in some cases, the leaves are narrowed.
The brown wrinkle fruit virus of tomato belongs to mechanical transmission, which means that anything contacted with the virus is possible to be a transmission medium, daily operations such as transplanting, trimming, tying, spraying medicine, harvesting and the like can be transmitted, materials such as clothes, shoes, equipment, tools and the like can carry and transmit the virus, and in addition, the virus can be transmitted through bumblebee, bird and the like.
Currently, the most common methods for brown wrinkle fruit viruses of tomatoes are: reasonably close planting and applying potash fertilizer; flood irrigation with large water is avoided, and water is drained in time after rain; the ventilation and light transmission are enhanced, and the high humidity condition of the greenhouse is prevented; when the disease plants are found, the medicine is sprayed in time for prevention and control.
However, the method mainly comprises physical prevention and treatment before onset and chemical prevention and treatment after onset, and has the following defects: the physical control needs to consume more labor force, has low efficiency, and the chemical control is quick in effect, but can pollute the ecological environment and cause tomato phytotoxicity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes, which is environment-friendly and does not cause phytotoxicity and influence quality and yield of tomatoes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes comprises the following steps: seed selection, germination acceleration, seedling cultivation, treatment of planting fields, field planting, prevention and control and picking;
selecting round and full tomato seeds, baking the seeds at 50-60 ℃ for 50-55min, then soaking the seeds in a soaking solution at 35-45 ℃ for 30-40min, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds cleanly with water, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze, accelerating germination at 25-30 ℃ to ensure that tissues are in a wet state, accelerating germination until the white percentage reaches 60-65%, and obtaining the tomato seeds after accelerating germination;
the soaking liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 0.2-0.4 part of ethephon, 1-2 parts of ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.15 part of potassium permanganate, 2-4 parts of polyethylene glycol 400,1-3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 100-105 parts of water.
The method comprises the steps of raising seedlings, exposing planting soil to sun for 6-8 days to obtain exposed planting soil, uniformly mixing the exposed planting soil, chitosan, xanthan gum, monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain mixed planting soil, adding the mixed planting soil into a plug tray, fully wetting with water, standing for 2-3 days, spraying pretreatment liquid on the surface of the mixed planting soil, controlling the weight ratio of a prevention liquid to the mixed planting soil to be 1000:2-3, adding tomato seeds subjected to germination acceleration after the spraying is finished, controlling the covering soil thickness of the tomato seeds to be 1-1.5cm, and raising seedlings for 28-30 days to perform field planting on the tomato seedlings;
the pretreatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqua, 3-5 parts of betaine, 1-3 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of alkyl glycoside, 0.5-1 part of anionic polyacrylamide and 100-105 parts of water;
in the pretreatment liquid, the ionic degree of the anionic polyacrylamide is 20-40wt.% and the polymerization degree is 10-15 ten thousand.
The method comprises the steps of treating the planting field, deep ploughing the soil in the planting field, uniformly spraying the soil treatment liquid on the surface of the soil, and controlling the dosage of the soil treatment liquid to be 2-3m 3 Adding 300-400kg of decomposed straw, 30-40kg of potassium humate and 15-20kg of treated fly ash into each mu after spraying, washing and ploughing, covering a film, and sealing for 22-25 days to obtain a treated planting field;
the soil treatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.02-0.04 part of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and 100-105 parts of water.
The preparation method of the treated fly ash comprises the following steps: treating the fly ash at 50-55 ℃ for 5-6 hours, then treating the fly ash at-20 ℃ to-15 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain pretreated fly ash, and uniformly mixing the pretreated fly ash, pregelatinized starch and lentinan to obtain treated fly ash;
in the preparation of the treated fly ash, the weight ratio of the pretreated fly ash to the pregelatinized starch to the lentinan is 100-105:10-12:0.4-0.6.
And the field planting is carried out, tomato seedlings to be field planted are transplanted into a planting field, double-row dislocation field planting is adopted, the row spacing is controlled to be 48-50cm, the plant spacing is controlled to be 38-40cm, and root setting water is poured after the field planting.
The control is carried out, after plants grow to 32-36cm, the vines are tied up by a frame, the plants are trimmed until only one main branch is left, the control agent is used for carrying out the first spraying during the first flowering period after the field planting, the dosage is 40-42 kg/mu, the control agent is used for carrying out the second spraying after 10-12 days, and the dosage is 35-38 kg/mu; once every fruit is picked later, the prevention and control agent is sprayed on the day of fruit picking, the dosage is 35-38 kg/mu, and if brown wrinkles of tomatoes are found during prevention and control, the whole plant is pulled out immediately;
the preparation method of the control medicament comprises the following steps: adding 75% chlorothalonil water dispersible granule and 5% amino-oligosaccharin water into water, uniformly stirring, adding carboxymethyl starch sodium and alginic acid, and continuously uniformly stirring to obtain a control medicament;
in the preparation of the control medicament, the weight ratio of 75% of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule to 5% of the amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution to water to carboxymethyl starch sodium to alginic acid is 1-1.5:3-5:800-820:4-6:5-8.
Picking, namely picking tomatoes after one week.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes can reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and is environment-friendly;
(2) According to the planting method for preventing and controlling the brown wrinkle fruits of the tomatoes, the pretreatment liquid is used in seedling culture, so that the brown wrinkle fruits of the tomatoes can be prevented from being produced;
(3) According to the planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes, disclosed by the invention, the soil treatment liquid is added in the planting field step, and 75% of chlorothalonil water dispersible granule, 5% of amino oligosaccharin aqua, sodium carboxymethyl starch and alginic acid are mixed to prepare the preventing and controlling agent, so that the generation of phytotoxicity can be avoided;
(4) According to the planting method for preventing and controlling the brown wrinkle of the tomatoes, the pretreatment liquid is used in seedling raising, the soil treatment liquid is added in the planting field step, and 75% of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule is mixed with 5% of the amino oligosaccharin aqua, sodium carboxymethyl starch and alginic acid to prepare the preventing and controlling agent, so that the influence on the tomato yield in preventing and controlling the brown wrinkle of the tomatoes can be avoided, and according to the planting method for preventing and controlling the brown wrinkle of the tomatoes, the mu yield is 6885.47-6994.52kg;
(5) According to the planting method for preventing and controlling the brown wrinkle of the tomatoes, disclosed by the invention, the pretreatment liquid is used in seedling cultivation, the soil treatment liquid is added in the planting field step, and 75% of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule is mixed with 5% of the amino oligosaccharin aqua, sodium carboxymethyl starch and alginic acid to prepare the prevention and control agent, so that the influence on the quality of the tomatoes in preventing and controlling the brown wrinkle of the tomatoes can be avoided.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention.
Example 1
A planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes comprises the following steps:
1. seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting round and full red powder champion tomato seeds, baking at 50 ℃ for 50min, then, soaking in a soaking solution at 35 ℃ for 30min, taking out, washing with water, wrapping with moist gauze, accelerating germination at 25 ℃ to ensure that tissues are in a moist state, accelerating germination until the white exposure rate reaches 60%, and obtaining the tomato seeds after accelerating germination;
the soaking liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of alginic acid, 0.2 part of ethephon, 1 part of ammonium phosphate, 0.1 part of potassium permanganate, 2 parts of polyethylene glycol 400,1 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 100 parts of water.
2. Seedling raising: exposing the planting soil to the sun for 6 days to obtain exposed planting soil, uniformly mixing the exposed planting soil, chitosan, xanthan gum, monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain mixed planting soil, adding the mixed planting soil into a cave dish, fully wetting with water, standing for 2 days, spraying pretreatment liquid on the surface of the mixed planting soil, controlling the weight ratio of the prevention liquid to the mixed planting soil to be 1000:2, adding the germinated tomato seeds after the spraying is finished, controlling the thickness of the covered soil of the tomato seeds to be 1cm, and performing field planting of tomato seedlings after 28 days of seedling cultivation;
the pretreatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution, 3 parts of betaine, 1 part of glucose, 1 part of alkyl glycoside, 0.5 part of anionic polyacrylamide and 100 parts of water;
the anionic polyacrylamide had an ionic strength of 20wt.% and a degree of polymerization of 10 ten thousand.
3. And (3) treating a planting field: after deep ploughing is carried out on the soil in the planting field, the soil treatment liquid is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil, and the dosage of the soil treatment liquid is controlled to be 2m 3 Adding 300kg of decomposed straw, 30kg of potassium humate and 15kg of treated fly ash into each mu after spraying, washing and ploughing, covering a film, and closing for 22 days to obtain a treated planting field;
the soil treatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.02 part of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and 100 parts of water.
The preparation method of the treated fly ash comprises the following steps: treating the fly ash at 50 ℃ for 5 hours, then treating the fly ash at-20 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain pretreated fly ash, and uniformly mixing the pretreated fly ash, pregelatinized starch and lentinan to obtain treated fly ash;
wherein the weight ratio of the pretreated fly ash to the pregelatinized starch to the lentinan is 100:10:0.4.
4. Planting: transplanting tomato seedlings to be planted into a planting field, adopting double-row dislocation planting, controlling row spacing to be 48cm and planting spacing to be 38cm, and watering root fixing water after planting.
5. And (3) prevention and control: after the plants grow to 32cm, erecting a frame to bind vines, trimming the plants until only one main branch is left, and carrying out first spraying by using a control agent in the first flowering period after field planting, wherein the dosage is 40 kg/mu, and carrying out second spraying by using the control agent in the dosage is 35 kg/mu after 10 days; once every fruit is picked later, the prevention and control agent is sprayed on the day of fruit picking, the dosage is 35 kg/mu, and if brown wrinkles of tomatoes are found during prevention and control, the whole plant is pulled out immediately;
the preparation method of the control medicament comprises the following steps: adding 75% chlorothalonil water dispersible granule and 5% amino-oligosaccharin water into water, uniformly stirring, adding carboxymethyl starch sodium and alginic acid, and continuously uniformly stirring to obtain a control medicament;
wherein, the weight ratio of the 75 percent of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule to the 5 percent of the amino-oligosaccharin water to the sodium carboxymethyl starch to the alginic acid is 1:3:800:4:5.
6. Picking: the tomatoes are picked after one week.
Example 2
A planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes comprises the following steps:
1. seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting round and full red powder champion tomato seeds, baking at 55 ℃ for 52min, then soaking in a soaking solution at 40 ℃ for 35min, taking out, washing with water, wrapping with wet gauze, accelerating germination at 28 ℃, ensuring that tissues are in a wet state, accelerating germination until the white percentage reaches 62%, and obtaining the tomato seeds after accelerating germination;
the soaking liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of alginic acid, 0.3 part of ethephon, 1.5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 0.12 part of potassium permanganate, 3 parts of polyethylene glycol 400,2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 102 parts of water.
2. Seedling raising: exposing the planting soil to the sun for 7 days to obtain exposed planting soil, uniformly mixing the exposed planting soil, chitosan, xanthan gum, monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain mixed planting soil, adding the mixed planting soil into a cave dish, fully wetting with water, standing for 2 days, spraying pretreatment liquid on the surface of the mixed planting soil, controlling the weight ratio of the prevention liquid to the mixed planting soil to be 1000:2.5, adding the germinated tomato seeds after the spraying, controlling the covering soil thickness of the tomato seeds to be 1.2cm, and performing field planting of tomato seedlings after 29 days of seedling cultivation;
the pretreatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution, 4 parts of betaine, 2 parts of glucose, 1.5 parts of alkyl glycoside, 0.8 part of anionic polyacrylamide and 102 parts of water;
the anionic polyacrylamide had an ionic degree of 30wt.% and a degree of polymerization of 12 ten thousand.
3. And (3) treating a planting field: after deep ploughing is carried out on the soil in the planting field, the soil treatment liquid is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil, and the dosage of the soil treatment liquid is controlled to be 2.5m 3 Adding 350kg of decomposed straw, 35kg of potassium humate and 18kg of treated fly ash into each mu after spraying, washing and ploughing, covering a film, and sealing for 24 days to obtain a treated planting field;
the soil treatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.35 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.03 part of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and 102 parts of water.
The preparation method of the treated fly ash comprises the following steps: treating the fly ash at 52 ℃ for 5.5 hours, then treating the fly ash at-18 ℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain pretreated fly ash, and uniformly mixing the pretreated fly ash, pregelatinized starch and lentinan to obtain treated fly ash;
wherein the weight ratio of the pretreated fly ash to the pregelatinized starch to the lentinan is 102:11:0.5.
4. Planting: transplanting tomato seedlings to be planted into a planting field, adopting double-row dislocation planting, controlling row spacing to be 49cm, planting spacing to be 39cm, and watering root fixing water after planting.
5. And (3) prevention and control: after the plants grow to 34cm, erecting a frame to bind vines, trimming the plants until only one main branch is left, and carrying out first spraying by using a control agent in the first flowering period after field planting, wherein the dosage is 41 kg/mu, and carrying out second spraying by using the control agent in the dosage is 36 kg/mu after 11 days; once every fruit is picked later, the prevention and control agent is sprayed on the day of fruit picking, the dosage is 36 kg/mu, and if brown wrinkles of tomatoes are found during prevention and control, the whole plant is pulled out immediately;
the preparation method of the control medicament comprises the following steps: adding 75% chlorothalonil water dispersible granule and 5% amino-oligosaccharin water into water, uniformly stirring, adding carboxymethyl starch sodium and alginic acid, and continuously uniformly stirring to obtain a control medicament;
wherein, the weight ratio of 75 percent of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule to 5 percent of the amino-oligosaccharin water to carboxymethyl starch sodium to alginic acid is 1.2:4:810:5:6.
6. Picking: the tomatoes are picked after one week.
Example 3
A planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes comprises the following steps:
1. seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting round and full red powder champion tomato seeds, baking at 60 ℃ for 55min, then soaking in a soaking solution at 45 ℃ for 40min, taking out, washing with water, wrapping with moist gauze, accelerating germination at 30 ℃, ensuring that tissues are in a moist state, accelerating germination until the white percentage reaches 65%, and obtaining the tomato seeds after accelerating germination;
the soaking liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of alginic acid, 0.4 part of ethephon, 2 parts of ammonium phosphate, 0.15 part of potassium permanganate, 4 parts of polyethylene glycol 400,3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 105 parts of water.
2. Seedling raising: exposing the planting soil to the sun for 8 days to obtain exposed planting soil, uniformly mixing the exposed planting soil, chitosan, xanthan gum, monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain mixed planting soil, adding the mixed planting soil into a cave dish, fully wetting with water, standing for 3 days, spraying pretreatment liquid on the surface of the mixed planting soil, controlling the weight ratio of the prevention liquid to the mixed planting soil to be 1000:3, adding the germinated tomato seeds after the spraying is finished, controlling the thickness of the covered soil of the tomato seeds to be 1.5cm, and performing field planting of tomato seedlings after 30 days of seedling cultivation;
the pretreatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution, 5 parts of betaine, 3 parts of glucose, 2 parts of alkyl glycoside, 1 part of anionic polyacrylamide and 105 parts of water;
the anionic polyacrylamide had an ionic degree of 40wt.% and a degree of polymerization of 15 ten thousand.
3. And (3) treating a planting field: after deep ploughing is carried out on the soil in the planting field, the soil treatment liquid is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil, and the dosage of the soil treatment liquid is controlled to be 3m 3 Adding 400kg of decomposed straw, 40kg of potassium humate and 20kg of treated fly ash into each mu after spraying, washing and ploughing, covering a film, and closing for 25 days to obtain a treated planting field;
the soil treatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.4 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.04 part of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and 105 parts of water.
The preparation method of the treated fly ash comprises the following steps: treating the fly ash at 55 ℃ for 6 hours, then treating the fly ash at-15 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain pretreated fly ash, and uniformly mixing the pretreated fly ash, pregelatinized starch and lentinan to obtain treated fly ash;
wherein the weight ratio of the pretreated fly ash to the pregelatinized starch to the lentinan is 105:12:0.6.
4. Planting: transplanting tomato seedlings to be planted into a planting field, adopting double-row dislocation planting, controlling the row spacing to be 50cm and the plant spacing to be 40cm, and watering root-fixing water after planting.
5. And (3) prevention and control: after the plants grow to 36cm, erecting a frame to bind vines, trimming the plants until only one main branch is left, and performing first spraying with a control agent in the first flowering period after field planting, wherein the dosage is 42 kg/mu, and performing second spraying with the control agent in the dosage is 38 kg/mu after 12 days; after that, once the fruits are picked, the prevention and control agent is sprayed on the day of fruit picking, the dosage is 38 kg/mu, and if brown wrinkles of tomatoes are found during prevention and control, the whole plant is pulled out immediately;
the preparation method of the control medicament comprises the following steps: adding 75% chlorothalonil water dispersible granule and 5% amino-oligosaccharin water into water, uniformly stirring, adding carboxymethyl starch sodium and alginic acid, and continuously uniformly stirring to obtain a control medicament;
wherein, the weight ratio of the 75 percent of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule to the 5 percent of the amino-oligosaccharin water to the carboxymethyl starch sodium to the alginic acid is 1.5:5:820:6:8.
6. Picking: the tomatoes are picked after one week.
Comparative example 1
The planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes described in the embodiment 1 is adopted, and the planting method is characterized in that: and 2, omitting the use of the pretreatment liquid in the seedling raising step.
Comparative example 2
The planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes described in the embodiment 1 is adopted, and the planting method is characterized in that: the step of treating the planting field omits the use of soil treatment liquid, and changes the preparation method of the prevention and treatment agent in the step 5 into:
the preparation method of the control medicament comprises the following steps: adding 75% chlorothalonil water dispersible granule into water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a control medicament;
wherein the weight ratio of the 75% chlorothalonil water dispersible granule to the water is 1:800.
Test examples
Taking 5 mu of planting fields, uniformly dividing the planting fields into 5 blocks, carrying out physical isolation on the planting fields 1 to 5, and planting tomatoes on the planting fields 1 to 5 according to the planting methods of the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 2, wherein the corresponding relations are as follows:
ensuring that other planting conditions of the No. 1-5 planting fields are the same, planting to a first result, and counting whether brown wrinkles and phytotoxicity of tomatoes occur or not, wherein the counting result is as follows:
meanwhile, after the first result, the mu yield is counted, and the counting result is as follows:
10 tomatoes are randomly selected from tomatoes obtained from No. 1-5 planting fields after the first result, the content of vitamin C and lycopene is tested, the average content of vitamin C and lycopene in the tomatoes planted in each planting field is calculated, and the calculation result is as follows:
from the results of this test example, it can be seen that the generation of brown wrinkles of tomatoes can be avoided by using the pretreatment liquid in the seedling culture; the soil treatment liquid is added in the planting field step, and 75% of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule, 5% of the amino oligosaccharin aqueous solution, sodium carboxymethyl starch and alginic acid are mixed to prepare the control medicament, so that the generation of phytotoxicity can be avoided. In addition, the pretreatment liquid is used in seedling raising, the soil treatment liquid is added in the planting field step, and 75% of the chlorothalonil water dispersible granule, 5% of the amino oligosaccharin aqueous agent, sodium carboxymethyl starch and alginic acid are mixed to prepare the control medicament, so that the yield and quality of tomatoes can be improved.
The percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of: seed selection, germination acceleration, seedling cultivation, treatment of planting fields, field planting, prevention and control and picking;
the method comprises the steps of raising seedlings, exposing planting soil to sun for 6-8 days to obtain exposed planting soil, uniformly mixing the exposed planting soil, chitosan, xanthan gum, monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain mixed planting soil, adding the mixed planting soil into a cave dish, fully wetting with water, standing for 2-3 days, spraying pretreatment liquid on the surface of the mixed planting soil, controlling the weight ratio of the pretreatment liquid to the mixed planting soil to be 2-3:1000, adding tomato seeds subjected to germination acceleration after the spraying is finished, controlling the covering soil thickness of the tomato seeds to be 1-1.5cm, and raising seedlings for 28-30 days to perform field planting on the tomato seedlings;
the pretreatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqua, 3-5 parts of betaine, 1-3 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of alkyl glycoside, 0.5-1 part of anionic polyacrylamide and 100-105 parts of water;
the method comprises the steps of treating the planting field, deep ploughing the soil in the planting field, uniformly spraying the soil treatment liquid on the surface of the soil, and controlling the dosage of the soil treatment liquid to be 2-3m 3 Adding 300-400kg of decomposed straw, 30-40kg of potassium humate and 15-20kg of treated fly ash into each mu after spraying, washing and ploughing, covering a film, and sealing for 22-25 days to obtain a treated planting field;
the soil treatment liquid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.02-0.04 part of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and 100-105 parts of water;
the control is carried out, after plants grow to 32-36cm, the vines are tied up by a frame, the plants are trimmed until only one main branch is left, the control agent is used for carrying out the first spraying during the first flowering period after the field planting, the dosage is 40-42 kg/mu, the control agent is used for carrying out the second spraying after 10-12 days, and the dosage is 35-38 kg/mu; once every fruit is picked later, the prevention and control agent is sprayed on the day of fruit picking, the dosage is 35-38 kg/mu, and if brown wrinkles of tomatoes are found during prevention and control, the whole plant is pulled out immediately;
the preparation method of the control medicament comprises the following steps: adding 75% chlorothalonil water dispersible granule and 5% amino-oligosaccharin water into water, uniformly stirring, adding carboxymethyl starch sodium and alginic acid, and continuously and uniformly stirring to obtain the control medicament.
2. The method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles and fruits of tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the seeds are selected for germination, round and full tomato seeds are selected, are placed in a soaking solution with the temperature of 35-45 ℃ for being baked for 50-55min, are taken out after being fully soaked in the soaking solution with the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 30-40min, are covered by wet gauze after being washed with water, are germinated at 25-30 ℃, are ensured to be in a wet state, and are germinated until the white percentage reaches 60-65%, so that the germinated tomato seeds are obtained.
3. The planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes according to claim 2, wherein the soaking liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 0.2-0.4 part of ethephon, 1-2 parts of ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.15 part of potassium permanganate, 2-4 parts of polyethylene glycol 400,1-3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 100-105 parts of water.
4. The planting method for preventing and treating brown wrinkles of tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polyacrylamide in the pretreatment liquid has an ionic degree of 20-40wt.% and a polymerization degree of 10-15 ten thousand.
5. The planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the treated fly ash is prepared by the following steps: treating the fly ash at 50-55 ℃ for 5-6h, then treating the fly ash at-20 ℃ to-15 ℃ for 2-3h to obtain pretreated fly ash, and uniformly mixing the pretreated fly ash, pregelatinized starch and lentinan to obtain treated fly ash.
6. The planting method for preventing and treating brown wrinkles of tomatoes according to claim 5, wherein in the preparation of the treated fly ash, the weight ratio of the pretreated fly ash to the pregelatinized starch to the lentinan is 100-105:10-12:0.4-0.6.
7. The planting method for preventing and controlling brown wrinkles of tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the planting is characterized in that tomato seedlings to be planted are transplanted into a planting field, double-row dislocation planting is adopted, row spacing is controlled to be 48-50cm, plant spacing is controlled to be 38-40cm, and root setting water is poured after planting.
8. The planting method for preventing and treating brown wrinkles of tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the preventing and treating agent, the weight ratio of 75% of chlorothalonil water dispersible granule to 5% of amino oligosaccharin aqua to water to carboxymethyl starch sodium to alginic acid is 1-1.5:3-5:800-820:4-6:5-8.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the picking is performed after the tomato fruit ripens.
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| CN107439591A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-08 | 潍坊华诺生物科技有限公司 | A kind of plant induced resistance agent pharmaceutical composition containing amino-oligosaccharide and its application in tomato planting |
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| CN115623944A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-01-20 | 鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心(鄂尔多斯市耕地质量监测保护中心) | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling thrips |
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| CN113365493A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-09-07 | 安莎种子公司 | Tomato plants resistant to tomato brown-wrinkle fruit virus |
| CN114423290A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-04-29 | 以色列国家农业和农村发展农业研究组织沃尔坎尼中心 | Melanoidin compositions for protecting crops from non-fungal pests |
| EP3827657A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-02 | Arie Nicolaas van den Berg | Method for prevention and/or reduction of pathogen borne infections, in particular by the tobrf virus, and for advancing and increasing fruit production in crop plants |
| CN115623944A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-01-20 | 鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心(鄂尔多斯市耕地质量监测保护中心) | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling thrips |
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| CN115836634A (en) | 2023-03-24 |
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