CN115769771A - Intensive planting method for corn field - Google Patents
Intensive planting method for corn field Download PDFInfo
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- CN115769771A CN115769771A CN202211521724.1A CN202211521724A CN115769771A CN 115769771 A CN115769771 A CN 115769771A CN 202211521724 A CN202211521724 A CN 202211521724A CN 115769771 A CN115769771 A CN 115769771A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a corn field intensive planting method, which comprises the steps of firstly, pollinating female inflorescences, stirring corn male inflorescences and blowing air, so that pollen is fully contacted with the female inflorescences under the action of wind flow after being separated from the male inflorescences; 2. removing the crown part of the corn, gathering the parts above the three leaves of the corn cob in the crown part of the corn cob by using the air blowing type paired rods, and blowing the three leaves of the corn cob downwards in an inclined manner by using the air blowing type paired rods so as to avoid damaging the three leaves of the corn cob when the crown part of the corn cob is cut; 3. and (3) processing the corn straws, cutting the parts above the roots of the corns by using crown removing equipment, and returning the corn straws to the field. The invention promotes the full and rapid pollination of the female inflorescence of the corn, improves the pollination efficiency, and improves the nutrient absorption of the corn cob, reduces the probability of pest and disease damage and improves the yield and quality by removing the part of the corn cob with more than three leaves at the later stage; after the corn cobs are harvested, the corn straws are cut into segments, returned to the field and deeply ploughed, so that the soil fertility is increased. The invention is suitable for the technical field of corn field management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop management, and particularly relates to an optimized planting method and device for corn fields.
Background
In corn planting and Tian Jianguan management, besides factors affecting corn yield such as weather and water and fertilizer, pollination of corn female inflorescences and management after success are also essential factors. The existing corn pollination is mainly natural pollination, namely pollen on a male inflorescence of the corn naturally breaks away and is scattered in the air, and then part of the pollen falls on a female inflorescence, so that the pollination is completed. The natural pollination mode is a non-artificial intervention pollination mode, and the pollination efficiency and effect are not ideal, so that the yield of the corn is difficult to achieve the expectation. Moreover, after the corn is pollinated, nutrients for the growth of the corn cob are mainly derived from three leaves of the corn cob, namely, one corn leaf above the corn cob and two corn leaves below the corn cob, the effect of the stem part, the flag leaf and the male inflorescence above the three leaves of the corn cob is very small, and in the growth process of the corn cob, the demand on the nutrients is also very large, so that the nutrients are not beneficial to the centralized supply of the corn cob. Meanwhile, flag leaves and male inflorescences are easy to be diseased or breeding pests, so that the yield and the quality of the corn cobs are affected, and the corn yield is reduced or the corn on the corn cobs is damaged by corn borers or diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a field intensive planting method for corn, which is used for promoting full and rapid pollination of female inflorescences of corn, improving the pollination efficiency, removing more than three leaves of a corn cob after a certain period of corn pollination, improving the nutrient absorption of the corn cob, reducing the probability of pest and disease damage and improving the yield and quality; meanwhile, after the corn cobs are harvested, the corn straws can be cut into segments and returned to the field, and the corn straws are fermented in soil after deep ploughing to form the fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a corn field intensive planting method comprises the following steps:
pollination of a corn female inflorescence:
s1, mounting a plurality of air blowing type counter rods on a transversely arranged assembling seat through a connecting seat, and mounting the assembling seat at the rear end of an agricultural machine;
s2, adjusting the opening and closing angles of the two air-blowing fork rods of each air-blowing paired rod to enable the two air-blowing fork rods to cover at least two rows of corn planting ridges, wherein the height of each air-blowing fork rod is flush with the male inflorescence of the corn;
s3, driving an agricultural machine to move in the corn field, driving the air blowing type fork rod to swing in a reciprocating mode, enabling the air blowing type fork rod to be in contact with the male inflorescence and knocking the male inflorescence in a reciprocating mode, enabling pollen on the male inflorescence to be separated, and enabling the pollen to be blown to the area where the female inflorescence is located in a forced mode through air flow generated by the air blowing type fork rod;
removing the crown part of the corn:
step1, after 7-10 days of corn pollination, mounting a plurality of air-blowing type paired rods on crown removing equipment, wherein corn planting ridges correspond to the air-blowing type paired rods one by one, and the corn crowns on the corn planting ridges are positioned between two air-blowing type fork rods of the air-blowing type paired rods;
step2, judging the strength and the growth strength of the rooted corn in soil, and performing one of two ways of extracting male inflorescences of the corn or cutting off more than three leaves of the corn cob by using crown removing equipment;
step3, installing crown removing equipment at the front end of the agricultural machinery, and enabling the air blowing type fork rod to be located at the foremost end;
step 4, driving an agricultural machine to move in the corn field, blowing air flow from the air blowing type fork rod and blowing the air flow to the three corn cob leaves to enable the three corn cob leaves to droop, and removing the crown part of the corn and dividing the crown part into a plurality of sections by using crown part removing equipment;
step 5, collecting the cut corn crowns as ensilage;
treating the corn straws:
step1, removing corn cobs on corn straws standing on a corn field, installing a plurality of air-blowing type paired rods on crown removing equipment, installing the crown removing equipment on an agricultural machine, and adjusting the height of the crown removing equipment to enable the lower end of the crown removing equipment to be close to the root of corn;
step2, adjusting two air blowing type fork rods of each air blowing type pair rod to enable the corn straws on a single corn planting ridge to be positioned between the two corresponding air blowing type fork rods;
and Step3, driving an agricultural machine to travel in the corn field, cutting the corn straws into a plurality of sections by the crown removing device, and returning the cut corn straw sections to the field.
Further, the formula of blowing fork arm includes that one end is constructed with the body of rod of air guide sleeve, the other end of the body of rod is constructed with the guide arm of flare, in be constructed with the return bend of blowing on the body of rod, the return bend of blowing passes through the body of rod and air guide sleeve intercommunication, air guide sleeve demountable assembly is on the equipment is got rid of to the crown, and air guide sleeve and air supply intercommunication.
Furthermore, a connecting joint communicated with an internal air cavity of the air guide sleeve is constructed on the peripheral wall of the air guide sleeve, the connecting joint is inserted at one end of the rod body far away from the guide rod and is rotatably connected with the rod body, and the connecting joint and the rod body are fixed through a positioning bolt; and a connecting sleeve is constructed on the air guide sleeve and is connected with the corresponding part of the crown removing device through a second positioning bolt.
Further, the crown removing equipment comprises a plurality of harvesting rollers which are arranged side by side and connected with a cutting mechanism, the harvesting rollers are connected through a transmission mechanism, two blowing fork rods of each blowing pair rod are respectively installed on two harvesting roller bodies of the corresponding harvesting rollers, and the cutting mechanism is installed on the agricultural machine.
Furthermore, the upper ends of two harvesting roller bodies of the harvesting double-roller pair are respectively installed on the connecting seat through shaft rods, the shaft rods of the harvesting roller bodies are connected with the end parts of the corresponding air blowing type fork rods, adjusting blocks capable of sliding transversely along the connecting seat are connected onto the connecting seat, each shaft rod is rotatably connected with the corresponding adjusting block, strip-shaped holes extending transversely along the adjusting blocks are formed in the connecting seat and in positions corresponding to the adjusting blocks, fixing screw rods on the adjusting blocks extend out of the corresponding strip-shaped holes, and locking nuts are connected to the fixing screw rods in a threaded mode.
Furthermore, the transmission mechanism comprises a first transmission wheel and a second transmission wheel which are respectively arranged on shaft rods of two harvesting roller bodies of the harvesting double rollers, the first transmission wheels of all the harvesting double rollers are connected through the first transmission chain, the second transmission wheels of all the harvesting double rollers are connected through the second transmission chain, one end of the second transmission chain is connected to the second transmission wheel positioned at the end part in an 8-shaped mode, the driving motor is arranged on the cutting mechanism, a driving wheel is assembled on an output shaft of the driving motor, and the driving wheel is connected with the first transmission chain or the second transmission chain in a transmission mode.
Furthermore, a cutter disc is detachably mounted on a rotating rod at the lower end of each harvesting roller body; spiral grooves spirally extending along the axial direction of the harvesting roller bodies are respectively formed on the peripheral surfaces of the harvesting roller bodies, and the spiral directions of the spiral grooves on the two harvesting roller bodies of the harvesting pair rollers are opposite.
Furthermore, the cutting mechanism comprises a working box, the upper part and the lower part of one end of the working box, which is far away from the harvesting pair rollers, are respectively provided with a plurality of upper adjusting oil cylinders and a plurality of lower adjusting oil cylinders, two ends of each upper adjusting oil cylinder are respectively hinged with the working box and the agricultural machine, and two ends of each lower adjusting oil cylinder are respectively hinged with the working box and the agricultural machine; the lower part of the operation box is provided with a crushed aggregates conveying assembly, and the blanking end of the operation box, which is positioned at the crushed aggregates conveying assembly, is provided with a blanking port.
Furthermore, fixed cutting knives are respectively constructed at one end of the operation box close to the harvesting pair rollers and at two sides of each cutting opening, the reciprocating type cutting assembly comprises an installation frame transversely arranged in the operation box, a plurality of active cutting knives are connected onto the installation frame, two active cutting knives are arranged at two sides of the corresponding cutting openings in a group, and reciprocating type driving pieces are respectively connected to two sides of the installation frame; the reciprocating type driving piece comprises a cylinder connected with the upper end of the operation box, a cylinder rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the connecting rod through a connecting plate, one end, far away from the connecting plate, of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the corresponding side of the mounting frame, and the cylinder rod, the connecting plate and the connecting rod form a U-shaped structure.
Furthermore, the crushed aggregate conveying assembly comprises a plurality of driving rollers which are sequentially connected to the lower part of the operation box in a rotating mode along the transverse direction of the operation box, the driving rollers are connected through a conveying belt in a driving mode, the conveying belt is provided with poking strips at intervals, and the lower part of at least one active cutting knife is provided with a poking assembly used for pushing the corresponding poking strips and driving the conveying belt to move; the poking assembly comprises a limiting block fixed on one side, far away from the cutting opening, of the active cutting knife, a poking tooth is installed on the limiting block in a rotating mode through a connecting shaft, one end of the poking tooth extends to the conveying belt through a limiting opening of the limiting block, and a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion are formed in the end portions of the two ends of the limiting opening of the limiting block respectively.
Due to the adoption of the structure, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that: according to the invention, the male inflorescences of the corn are touched through the air-blowing type paired rods, and the air-blowing type paired rods are driven to reciprocate, so that the air-blowing type fork rods of the air-blowing type paired rods knock the male inflorescences, pollen is promoted to be separated, and the pollen is scattered in the air; after the female inflorescence pollinates, and the corn cob grows for a certain period of time, the parts above three leaves of the corn cob are removed by using the crown removing device, namely the parts above the three leaves of the corn cob are separated from the three leaves of the corn cob by blowing the air to the stems, then the crown removing device harvests and cuts the crown of the corn cob, and the crown of the corn cob after cutting can be used as silage to be supplied to livestock such as cattle and sheep, so that the root system of the corn cob and the three leaves of the corn cob can fully supply nutrients to the corn cob in the subsequent growth process, and meanwhile, the risk of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; after the corn cobs are ripe and harvested, the lower part of the crown removing device is adjusted to be close to the ground, then the corn straws are cut into sections by the crown removing device through advancing of an agricultural machine, the cut corn straws are easy to ferment into fertilizers, compared with the mode that the corn straws are crushed, the fermentation duration and the fertility are greatly improved, and therefore the corn straws are only needed to be cut into the field and deeply ploughed; in conclusion, the method promotes the full and rapid pollination of the female inflorescence of the corn, improves the pollination efficiency, improves the nutrient absorption of the corn cob by removing the part of the corn cob with more than three leaves at the later stage, reduces the probability of pest and disease damage, and improves the yield and the quality; after the corn cobs are harvested, the corn straws are cut into segments, returned to the field and deeply ploughed, so that the soil fertility is increased.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plurality of blow-on pins mounted on a crown removal apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the portion A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a blowing pair of straw coupled to a pair of harvesting rollers in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the blowing fork rod and the harvesting roller of the embodiment of the present invention after being disassembled;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a harvesting pair roller in a crown removal installation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the harvesting and conveying of the male inflorescences or corn stover by the harvesting rollers of the crown removal apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cutting mechanism in the crown removing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another angle of the cutting mechanism of the crown removing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cutting mechanism in a crown removing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 10 from another angle;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the portion B in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the reciprocating cutting assembly with the reciprocating drive member removed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a plurality of blowing type counter rods connected to an assembling seat through connecting seats according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the blowing type butt rod of the embodiment of the present invention after the connecting seat and the assembling seat are separated;
FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of blowing type counter rods connected with a mounting seat through a connecting seat in another form according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Labeling components: 100-harvest double roller, 101-harvest roller body, 102-spiral groove, 103-shaft rod, 1031-shaft tube body, 1032-air guide hole, 1033-shaft rod body, 104-air pipe joint, 105-cutting cutter head, 106-connecting seat, 107-adjusting block, 108-strip hole, 109-fixing screw rod, 110-locking nut, 111-conveying port, 112-fixing seat, 113-connecting block, 114-locking bolt, 200-driving motor, 201-driving wheel, 202-first driving wheel, 203-second driving wheel, 204-first driving chain, 205-second driving chain, 300-cutting mechanism, 301-operation box, 302-baffle plate, 303-cutting port, 304-fixing cutting knife, 305-discharging port, 306-a mounting rack, 307-an active cutting knife, 308-a crushed aggregate conveying assembly, 3081-a driving roller, 3082-a conveying belt, 3083-a shifting bar, 309-a reciprocating driving piece, 3091-an air cylinder, 3092-an air cylinder rod, 3093-a connecting plate, 3094-a connecting rod, 310-a shifting assembly, 3101-a connecting shaft, 3102-a shifting tooth, 3103-a limiting block, 3104-a first limiting part, 3105-a second limiting part, 311-an upper adjusting oil cylinder, 312-a lower adjusting oil cylinder, 400-an air blowing fork rod, 401-a rod body, 402-an air guide sleeve, 4021-a sleeve body, 4022-an air guide port, 4023-a connecting joint, 4024-a positioning bolt, 403-a guide rod, 404-an air blowing bent pipe, 500-an assembly seat and 501-an adjusting hole, 502-transverse drive, 503-mount.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention discloses a corn field intensive planting method, which comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1-16:
pollination of a corn female inflorescence:
s1, mounting a plurality of air blowing type counter rods on a transversely arranged assembling seat 500 through a connecting seat 106, mounting the assembling seat 500 at the rear end of an agricultural machine, connecting two mounting seats 503 on a machine body or a machine frame of the agricultural machine, connecting a transverse driving piece 502 on each mounting seat 503, wherein the transverse driving piece 502 has the same structure as a reciprocating driving piece 309 described below, and the output end of each transverse driving piece 502 is connected with the corresponding assembling seat 500;
s2, adjusting the opening and closing angles of the two air blowing type fork rods 400 of each air blowing type pair rod to enable the two air blowing type fork rods 400 to cover at least two rows of corn planting ridges, namely adjusting the shape shown in the figure 16 to the shape shown in the figures 14-15, and adjusting the connecting height of the assembling seat 500 and the agricultural machine to enable the height of each air blowing type fork rod 400 to be flush with the male inflorescence of the corn; according to the invention, the assembly seat 500 is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes 501, each adjusting hole 501 extends along the transverse direction of the assembly seat 500, and the connecting seat 106 is connected with the assembly seat 500 through the adjusting holes 501 by bolts, so that the distance between the connecting seats 106 can be adjusted, the adjustment of the distance between adjacent air blowing type pair rods is further realized, and the coverage range of all the air blowing type pair rods is adjusted;
s3, driving an agricultural machine to move in the corn field, and driving the air blowing type fork rod 400 to swing in a reciprocating mode through the transverse driving pieces 502, namely one transverse driving piece 502 of the two transverse driving pieces 502 stretches in a jacking mode, the other transverse driving piece 502 pulls back, the two transverse driving pieces operate simultaneously, and then the two transverse driving pieces operate in opposite modes, so that the purpose of driving the air blowing type fork rod 400 to swing in a reciprocating mode is achieved; thus, the air blowing type fork rod 400 is contacted with the male inflorescence, the male inflorescence is knocked in a reciprocating mode, pollen on the male inflorescence is promoted to be separated, the fallen pollen moves towards the area where the female inflorescence is located through air flow generated by the air blowing type fork rod 400, and then the female inflorescence is fully pollinated; the invention adopts the measure of forced air blowing to drive the pollen to move towards the target, thereby improving the pollination efficiency and effect.
Removing crown parts of corns:
step1, after 7-10 days of corn pollination, mounting a plurality of air-blowing type paired rods on crown removing equipment, enabling corn planting ridges to correspond to the air-blowing type paired rods one by one, and simultaneously ensuring that the corn crowns on the corn planting ridges are positioned between two air-blowing type fork rods 400 of the air-blowing type paired rods;
step2, judging the strength and the growth strength of the rooted corn in soil, and performing one of two ways of extracting male inflorescences of the corn or cutting off more than three leaves of the corn cob by using crown removing equipment; under the condition that the root system is developed and firmly tied in soil, a mode of pulling away the male inflorescence can be adopted, the flag leaves are mostly not removed in the mode, most of the plant diseases and insect pests are derived from the male inflorescence, and the flag leaves are not cut off. Therefore, in the actual operation, the second mode is adopted, namely, the male inflorescence, the flag leaves and the corresponding stalks are cut off;
step3, installing crown removing equipment at the front end of the agricultural machine, and enabling the air blowing type fork rod 400 to be located at the foremost end, so that the air blowing type fork rod 400 limits the part of the corn cob with more than three leaves in the advancing process of the agricultural machine, and the part of the inclined corn stalks are righted to improve the cutting accuracy and ensure that the crown parts of the corns on the corn planting ridges can be cut off;
step 4, driving an agricultural machine to move in the corn field, blowing air flow from the air blowing type fork rod 400 and blowing the air flow to the three corn cob leaves to enable the three corn cob leaves to droop, further separating the three corn cob leaves from the upper part of the three corn cob leaves, and enabling the crown part of the corn to be cut without losing the three corn cob leaves;
and 5, collecting the cut corn crowns, and serving as silage to be supplied to livestock for eating.
Treating the corn straws:
step1, after corn cobs on corn straws standing on a corn field are removed, manually installing a plurality of air-blowing type pairs on crown removal equipment, wherein whether the air-blowing type pairs are installed or not can be selected according to the uprightness degree of the corn straws, namely, the air-blowing type pairs do not need to be installed when most of the corn straws are in an upright state, and the air-blowing type pairs need to be installed when more than 10 percent of the corn straws are bent and deflected for righting the corn straws; then, mounting the crown removing device on the agricultural machine, and adjusting the height of the crown removing device to enable the lower end of the crown removing device to be close to the root of the corn;
step2, adjusting two air blowing type fork rods 400 of each air blowing type pair rod to enable the corn straws on a single corn planting ridge to be positioned between the two corresponding air blowing type fork rods 400;
step3, driving an agricultural machine to move in the corn field, cutting the corn straws from the root parts of the corn straws by the crown part removing device, cutting the corn straws into a plurality of sections by the crown part removing device, returning the cut corn straw sections to the field, and deeply burying the sections of corn straws in the soil by adopting a deep ploughing mode.
The working principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the male inflorescences of the corn are touched through the air-blowing type paired rods, and the air-blowing type paired rods are driven to reciprocate, so that the air-blowing type fork rods 400 of the air-blowing type paired rods knock the male inflorescences, pollen is promoted to be separated, and pollen is scattered in the air, and then the air flow is enabled to carry the pollen to be blown to the range of the female inflorescences through the air blowing function of the air-blowing type fork rods 400, so that the full pollination of the female inflorescences is promoted; after the female inflorescence pollinates, and the corn cob grows for a certain period of time, the parts above three leaves of the corn cob are removed by using the crown removing device, namely the parts above the three leaves of the corn cob are separated from the three leaves of the corn cob by blowing the air to the stems, then the crown removing device harvests and cuts the crown of the corn cob, and the crown of the corn cob after cutting can be used as silage to be supplied to livestock such as cattle and sheep, so that the root system of the corn cob and the three leaves of the corn cob can fully supply nutrients to the corn cob in the subsequent growth process, and meanwhile, the risk of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; after the corn cobs are ripe and harvested, the lower part of the crown removing device is adjusted to be close to the ground, then the corn straws are cut into sections by the crown removing device through advancing of an agricultural machine, the cut corn straws are easy to ferment into fertilizers, compared with the mode that the corn straws are crushed, the fermentation duration and the fertility are greatly improved, and therefore the corn straws are only needed to be cut into the field and deeply ploughed; in conclusion, the method promotes the full and rapid pollination of the female inflorescence of the corn, improves the pollination efficiency, improves the nutrient absorption of the corn cob by removing the part of the corn cob with more than three leaves at the later stage, reduces the probability of pest and disease damage, and improves the yield and the quality; after the corn cobs are harvested, the corn straws are cut into segments, returned to the field and deeply ploughed, so that the soil fertility is increased.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 13, the crown removing apparatus includes a cutting mechanism 300 and a plurality of pair of harvesting rollers 100, wherein the cutting mechanism 300 is installed on the agricultural machine, the pair of harvesting rollers 100 are installed side by side at an end of the cutting mechanism 300 far from the agricultural machine, and the pair of harvesting rollers 100 are arranged at intervals in the transverse direction of the corn planting ridge, and at the same time, the pair of harvesting rollers 100 are drivingly connected by a transmission mechanism. Two blowing type fork rods 400 of the blowing type pair rods of the embodiment are respectively arranged on two corresponding harvesting roller bodies 101 of the harvesting pair rollers 100. Wherein, the upper end of every harvesting roller body 101 of pair roller 100 is constructed with axostylus axostyle 103 respectively, and harvesting roller body 101 passes through axostylus axostyle 103 and is connected with connecting seat 106 rotation, and every axostylus axostyle 103 rotates with the tip of corresponding formula of blowing fork arm 400 to be connected, and this end of formula of blowing fork arm 400 is connected with connecting seat 106, ensures that axostylus axostyle 103 is driven the pivoted in-process, and formula of blowing fork arm 400 keeps original gesture. In the embodiment, the distance between the two harvesting roller bodies 101 is adjusted so that the material conveying port 111 between the two harvesting roller bodies 101 is adapted to corn stalks with different rod diameters, namely, when more than three leaves of the corn cob are harvested, the distance between the two harvesting roller bodies 101 is adjusted to be small, and when more than the root of the corn stalk is harvested, the distance between the two harvesting roller bodies 101 is adjusted to be large; the method specifically adopts the following measures: the connecting base 106 is connected with an adjusting block 107 capable of sliding along the transverse direction of the connecting base, each shaft rod 103 is rotatably connected with the corresponding adjusting block 107, two strip-shaped holes 108 are formed in the connecting base 106, the two strip-shaped holes 108 are respectively arranged corresponding to the two adjusting blocks 107, and the strip-shaped holes 108 extend along the transverse direction of the connecting base 106. In this embodiment, a fixing screw 109 is fixedly connected to the adjusting block 107, the fixing screw 109 extends out of the corresponding strip-shaped hole 108, and a locking nut 110 is threadedly connected to the fixing screw 109, and the locking nut 110 is locked to the connecting seat 106. When the distance between the two harvesting roller bodies 101 needs to be adjusted, the locking nut 110 is unscrewed, the adjusting block 107 is moved, the adjusting block 107 drives the harvesting roller bodies 101 to move, the purpose of adjusting the distance between the harvesting roller bodies 101 is achieved, and after the adjustment is finished, the locking nut 110 is screwed. In the present embodiment, a fixing seat 112 is formed at one end of the connecting seat 106 close to the cutting mechanism 300, and the fixing seat 112 is detachably connected to the cutting mechanism 300. In this embodiment, two outward-opening baffles 302 are respectively arranged on two sides of the harvesting pair roller 100, and the two baffles 302 are used for enabling the corn stalks, stalks or flag leaves to smoothly enter the material conveying port 111 and preventing the crushed slag and the like from being thrown out under the action of centrifugal force.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-2, the transmission mechanism includes a driving motor 200, the driving motor 200 is mounted on the cutting mechanism 300, and a driving wheel 201 is mounted on an output shaft of the driving motor 200. The shafts 103 of the two harvesting roller bodies 101 of each harvesting roller pair 100 are respectively provided with a first transmission wheel 202 and a second transmission wheel 203, the first transmission wheels 202 of all the harvesting roller pairs 100 are in transmission connection through a first transmission chain 204, the second transmission wheels 203 of all the harvesting roller pairs 100 are in transmission connection through a second transmission chain 205, one end of the second transmission chain 205 is connected to the second transmission wheel 203 at the end in a shape like a Chinese character '8', the driving wheel 201 is in transmission connection with the first transmission chain 204 or the second transmission chain 205, and the embodiment takes the driving wheel 201 as an example in transmission connection with the second transmission chain 205. The working principle and the advantages of the embodiment are as follows: the driving wheel 201 is driven to rotate by controlling the driving motor 200, so that the second transmission chain 205 is driven to rotate, in the process of the movement of the second transmission chain 205, the first transmission wheel 202 with the end part in the 8-shaped position is driven to rotate, so that the first transmission chain 204 moves, and further the second transmission chain 205 drives all the second transmission wheels 203 except the second transmission wheels 203 in the 8-shaped position to rotate in the same direction, the first transmission chain 204 drives all the first transmission wheels 202 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the turning direction of the second transmission wheels 203 in the 8-shaped position is the same as that of the first transmission wheels 202, so that the two harvesting roller bodies 101 of the harvesting pair roller 100 are opposite in turning direction, namely the two harvesting roller bodies 101 rotate inwards relatively, and further straw, flag leaves and the like enter the cutting mechanism 300 through the conveying port 111.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 and 6-7, a cutter disc 105 is detachably mounted on a lower rotating rod of the harvesting roller body 101, the cutter disc 105 cuts off the straw or stalk at the corresponding position along with the rotation of the harvesting roller body 101, so as to smoothly enter the material conveying port 111, and in order to avoid influencing the growth of the corn due to transverse cutting, an oblique cutting method is adopted in this embodiment, that is, the cutting mechanism 300 is controlled to incline, so that the cutting mechanism drives the harvesting pair roller 100 and the cutter disc 105 to incline, thereby realizing oblique cutting of the straw, and facilitating the straw, the flag leaf and the male inflorescence to smoothly enter the material conveying port 111. In order to enable a plurality of stalks to enter the material conveying port 111 along with the advancing of the agricultural machinery without mutual influence, spiral grooves 102 are respectively formed on the outer peripheral surfaces of the harvesting roller bodies 101, the spiral grooves 102 spirally extend along the axial direction of the harvesting roller bodies 101, the spiral directions of the spiral grooves 102 on the two harvesting roller bodies 101 of the harvesting roller pair 100 are opposite, as the stalks are cut off, the lower ends of the stalks enter from the lower part of the material conveying port 111, the stalks gradually move upwards under the action of the spiral grooves 102 and are simultaneously gradually conveyed into the cutting mechanism 300 to be cut into sections, and then the next stalk is cut off and enters the lower part of the material conveying port 111 to form the shape shown in fig. 7. When the male corn inflorescences need to be pulled away, the cutter disc 105 can be detached, the male corn inflorescences pass through the material conveying port 111, and in the relative rotation process of the two harvesting roller bodies 101, the male corn inflorescences are pulled away and gradually enter the cutting mechanism 300.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8-11, the cutting mechanism 300 comprises a work box 301, a reciprocating cutting assembly and a scrap conveying assembly 308, wherein the upper part and the lower part of one end of the work box 301 far away from the harvesting pair roller 100 are respectively provided with a plurality of upper adjusting cylinders 311 and a plurality of lower adjusting cylinders 312, two ends of each upper adjusting cylinder 311 are respectively hinged with the work box 301 and the agricultural machine, two ends of each lower adjusting cylinder 312 are respectively hinged with the work box 301 and the agricultural machine, and the work box 301 is inclined by controlling the upper adjusting cylinders 311 and the lower adjusting cylinders 312 to incline the harvesting pair roller 100 and the cutter disc 105, so as to realize the beveling of the corn stalks. The present embodiment is configured with a plurality of cuts 303 at one end of the work box 301 near the pair of reaper rolls 100, and these cuts 303 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the pair of reaper rolls 100. The reciprocating cutting assembly of the present embodiment is disposed inside the work box 301 and is disposed near the cutting opening 303, the chaff conveyor assembly 308 is disposed at a lower position inside the work box 301, and a discharge opening 305 is configured at a side of the work box 301 and at a discharge end of the chaff conveyor assembly 308. The working principle and the advantages of the embodiment are as follows: materials (straws, stalks, flag leaves or male inflorescences and the like) from the material conveying port 111 enter the operation box 301 through the cutting port 303, the reciprocating type cutting assembly reciprocates and cuts the materials at the cutting port 303, the cut materials fall on the crushed material conveying assembly 308, and the crushed material conveying assembly 308 gradually conveys the material sections to the material discharging port 305 for collection.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8 and 10, a fixed cutter 304 is respectively configured at one end of the work box 301 close to the pair of harvesting rollers 100 and at both sides of each cut 303. The reciprocating cutting assembly of this embodiment includes mounting bracket 306, two reciprocating drives 309 and a plurality of active cutting knife 307, wherein, mounting bracket 306 is horizontal to be set up in job box 301, active cutting knife 307 is connected on mounting bracket 306 and is set up along the horizontal interval of mounting bracket 306, and these two active cutting knives 307 divide into the multiunit for a set, two active cutting knives 307 of every active cutting knife 307 group set up respectively in the both sides department of corresponding cutting opening 303, two reciprocating drives 309 are connected respectively in the both sides of mounting bracket 306. Specifically, as shown in fig. 10 to 11, the reciprocating driving member 309 includes a cylinder 3091 connected to an upper end of the work box 301, a cylinder rod 3092 of the cylinder 3091 is fixedly connected to a connecting rod 3094 through a connecting plate 3093, an end of the connecting rod 3094, which is far from the connecting plate 3093, is fixedly connected to a corresponding side of the mounting bracket 306, and the cylinder rod 3092, the connecting plate 3093 and the connecting rod 3094 constitute a U-shaped structure. The two cylinders 3091 are matched with each other, so that the two cylinders drive the mounting frame 306 to reciprocate along the transverse direction of the work box 301, and then two active cutting knives 307 located at the cutting opening 303 are used for cutting the material entering the work box 301.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11 to 13, the scrap conveyor assembly 308 includes a conveyor belt 3082 and a plurality of driving rollers 3081, wherein the driving rollers 3081 are rotatably connected to the lower portion of the work box 301 in turn in the lateral direction of the work box 301, and the driving rollers 3081 are drivingly connected through the conveyor belt 3082. The embodiment can adopt the form of active drive to drive conveyer belt 3082 and move, installs motor power promptly on the outer wall of operation case 301, and motor power's output shaft passes through the reduction gear and is connected with one of them driving roller 3081 transmission, and motor power rotates through driving this driving roller 3081, realizes that driving roller 3081 drives conveyer belt 3082 and carries the material section, makes it carry to feed opening 305. This embodiment is for the input of reduce cost to realize that conveyer belt 3082 carries out step-by-step transport to the material section, make the material section gently, evenly carry to feed opening 305, the measure of taking is, the interval is provided with group strip 3083 on conveyer belt 3082, installs toggle assembly 310 in the lower part of at least one active cutting knife 307, toggle assembly 310's effect is used for promoting corresponding group strip 3083 and drives the motion of conveyer belt 3082. The toggle assembly 310 includes a limiting block 3103 and a toggle tooth 3102, the toggle tooth 3102 is in transmission connection with the limiting block 3103 through a connecting shaft 3101, and the limiting block 3103 is fixed on the lower part of the side of the active cutting knife 307 far away from the cutting opening 303. The restricting block 3103 is formed with a downwardly inclined restricting opening through which the tine 3102 extends out of the restricting block 3103 and to the conveyor 3082, and a first stopper portion 3104 and a second stopper portion 3105 are formed at both end portions of the restricting opening of the restricting block 3103, respectively. When the mounting frame 306 moves away from the conveyor belt 3082, the front surface of the finger 3102 contacts the second stopper portion 3105 under the action of the finger 3083, and the finger 3102 moves over the finger 3083; when the mounting frame 306 moves towards the conveying belt 3082, the lower end of the poking tooth 3102 abuts against the root of the poking bar 3083 at the corresponding position, at the moment, the back surface of the poking tooth 3102 is in contact with the first limiting part 3104, and the poking tooth 3102 further pushes the poking bar 3083 to move, so that the purpose of driving the conveying belt 3082 to move in a stepping mode is achieved. In order to allow the thumb tooth 3102 to effectively rebound between the first and second stopper portions 3104 and 3105, a torsion spring is mounted on the connecting shaft 3101, and both ends of the torsion spring are fixed to the end surfaces of the active cutting blade 307 and the thumb tooth 3102, respectively. In order to ensure the stability of the movement of the driving belt 3082, the number of the toggle assemblies 310 is at least three.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4-5, the blowing fork 400 comprises a rod 401, a blowing elbow 404 and a guiding sleeve 402, wherein the guiding sleeve 402 is configured at one end of the rod 401, a guiding rod 403 is configured at the other end of the rod 401, and the guiding rod 403 is in an outward-opened shape, so that the corn stalks or the corresponding flag leaves can be conveniently guided between the two rods 401. The air blowing elbow 404 of the embodiment is constructed on the rod body 401, air holes are distributed on the air blowing elbow 404, the air blowing elbow 404 is communicated with the air guide sleeve 402 through the rod body 401, the air guide sleeve 402 is detachably assembled on the shaft rod 103 of the harvesting roller body 101 on the crown removing device, the upper end of the shaft rod 103 is rotatably connected with the air pipe joint 104, and the air pipe joint 104 is communicated with the air guide sleeve 402 and an air source. The shaft 103 of the embodiment includes a shaft tube body 1031 and a shaft body 1033, wherein the shaft body 1033 is connected to one axial end of the harvesting roller body 101, and one end of the shaft body 1033, which is far away from the harvesting roller body 101, is connected to the shaft tube body 1031; the air guide sleeve 402 comprises a sleeve body 4021, air guide ports 4022 are uniformly formed in the inner wall of the sleeve body 4021 along the circumferential direction of the sleeve body, the air guide ports 4022 are communicated with the inner cavity of the sleeve body 4021, air guide holes 1032 are uniformly formed in the shaft tube body 1031 along the circumferential direction of the shaft tube body 1031, the sleeve body 4021 is sleeved on the shaft tube body 1031, and the air guide ports 4022 and the air guide holes 1032 are communicated with each other, so that air sequentially passes through the shaft tube body 1031, the air guide holes 1032, the air guide ports 4022, the sleeve body 4021 and the part of the rod body 401 with an air passage and finally enters the air blowing elbow 404 and is blown out through the air holes in the air blowing elbow 404. In the embodiment, the harvesting roller body 101 is detachably connected with the shaft tube body 1031 through the shaft rod body 1033, so that the harvesting roller body 101 can be detached when pollination is performed; when the part of the corn cob with more than three leaves needs to be removed, or the corn straw is cut into sections, the harvesting roller body 101 is connected with the shaft tube body 1031. When corn is pollinated, the rod body 401 needs to be rotated, the air blowing bent pipe 404 is located above the rod body 401 or obliquely above the corn, in this way, after the male inflorescence of the corn is disturbed by the rod body 401, the air blowing bent pipe 404 blows air downwards from the upper side, the air flow drives pollen to move towards the female inflorescence, and then pollination efficiency is improved. In this embodiment, in order to adjust the angles of the two blowing-type fork rods 400, the connecting block 113 is constructed on the connecting seat 106, the connecting block 113 is connected with a locking bolt 114 in a threaded manner, and the end of the locking bolt 114 abuts against the outer circumferential surface of the air guide sleeve 402, so as to lock the positions of the connecting block 113 and the air guide sleeve 402; when the angle of the air blowing type fork rod 400 needs to be adjusted, the locking bolt 114 is unscrewed, the air blowing type fork rod 400 is rotated, namely, the air guide sleeve 402 rotates for a certain angle on the shaft lever 103, and after the adjustment is completed, the locking bolt 114 is screwed.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A corn field intensive planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pollination of a corn female inflorescence:
s1, mounting a plurality of air blowing type counter rods on a transversely arranged assembling seat through a connecting seat, and mounting the assembling seat at the rear end of an agricultural machine;
s2, adjusting the opening and closing angles of the two air-blowing fork rods of each air-blowing paired rod to enable the two air-blowing fork rods to cover at least two rows of corn planting ridges, wherein the height of each air-blowing fork rod is flush with the male inflorescence of the corn;
s3, driving an agricultural machine to move in the corn field, driving the air blowing type fork rod to swing in a reciprocating mode, enabling the air blowing type fork rod to be in contact with the male inflorescences and knocking the male inflorescences in a reciprocating mode, enabling the pollen on the male inflorescences to be separated, and enabling the pollen to be blown to the area where the female inflorescences are located in a forced mode through air flow generated by the air blowing type fork rod;
removing crown parts of corns:
step1, after the corn is pollinated for 7-10 days, installing a plurality of air-blown paired rods on a crown removing device, wherein corn planting ridges correspond to the air-blown paired rods one by one, and the corn crowns on the corn planting ridges are positioned between two air-blown fork rods of the air-blown paired rods;
step2, judging the strength and the growth strength of the rooted corn in soil, and performing one of two ways of extracting male inflorescences of the corn or cutting off more than three leaves of the corn cob by using crown removing equipment;
step3, mounting the crown removing equipment at the front end of the agricultural machine, and enabling the air blowing type fork rod to be located at the foremost end;
step 4, driving an agricultural machine to move in the corn field, blowing air flow from the air blowing type fork rod and blowing the air flow to the three corn cob leaves to enable the three corn cob leaves to droop, and removing the crown part of the corn and dividing the crown part into a plurality of sections by using crown part removing equipment;
step 5, collecting the cut corn crowns as ensilage;
treating the corn straws:
step1, removing corn cobs on corn straws standing on a corn field, installing a plurality of air-blowing type paired rods on crown removing equipment, installing the crown removing equipment on an agricultural machine, and adjusting the height of the crown removing equipment to enable the lower end of the crown removing equipment to be close to the root of corn;
step2, adjusting two air blowing type fork rods of each air blowing type pair rod to enable the corn straws on a single corn planting ridge to be positioned between the two corresponding air blowing type fork rods;
and Step3, driving an agricultural machine to travel in the corn field, cutting the corn straws into a plurality of sections by the crown removing device, and returning the cut corn straw sections to the field.
2. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: the air blowing type fork rod comprises a rod body, one end of the rod body is provided with an air guide sleeve, the other end of the rod body is provided with an outward-expanding guide rod, an air blowing bent pipe is constructed on the rod body, the air blowing bent pipe is communicated with the air guide sleeve through the rod body, the air guide sleeve is detachably assembled on the crown removing equipment, and the air guide sleeve is communicated with an air source.
3. The intensive corn field planting method according to claim 2, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: a connecting joint communicated with an internal air cavity of the air guide sleeve is constructed on the peripheral wall of the air guide sleeve, the connecting joint is inserted at one end of the rod body far away from the guide rod and is rotatably connected with the rod body, and the connecting joint and the rod body are fixed through a positioning bolt; and a connecting sleeve is constructed on the air guide sleeve and is connected with the corresponding part of the crown removing device through a second positioning bolt.
4. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: the crown removing equipment comprises a plurality of harvesting rollers which are arranged side by side and connected with a cutting mechanism, the harvesting rollers are connected through a transmission mechanism, two blowing fork rods of each blowing pair rod are respectively installed on two harvesting roller bodies of the corresponding harvesting rollers, and the cutting mechanism is installed on the agricultural machinery.
5. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: the upper ends of two harvesting roller bodies of the harvesting double-roller pair are respectively arranged on the connecting seat through shaft rods, the shaft rods of the harvesting roller bodies are connected with the end parts of the corresponding air blowing type fork rods, adjusting blocks capable of sliding transversely along the connecting seat are connected onto the connecting seat, each shaft rod is rotatably connected with the corresponding adjusting block, strip-shaped holes extending transversely along the adjusting block are formed in the connecting seat and in the positions corresponding to the adjusting blocks, fixing screw rods on the adjusting blocks extend out of the corresponding strip-shaped holes, and locking nuts are connected to the fixing screw rods through threads.
6. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: the transmission mechanism comprises a first transmission wheel and a second transmission wheel which are respectively arranged on shaft rods of two harvesting roller bodies of the harvesting double rollers, the first transmission wheels of all the harvesting double rollers are in transmission connection through the first transmission chain, the second transmission wheels of all the harvesting double rollers are in transmission connection through the second transmission chain, one end of the second transmission chain is in 8-shaped connection with the second transmission wheel positioned at the end part, the driving motor is arranged on the cutting mechanism, a driving wheel is assembled on an output shaft of the driving motor, and the driving wheel is in transmission connection with the first transmission chain or the second transmission chain.
7. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: a cutting cutter disc is detachably arranged on the rotating rod at the lower end of each harvesting roller body; spiral grooves spirally extending along the axial direction of the harvesting roller bodies are respectively formed on the peripheral surfaces of the harvesting roller bodies, and the spiral directions of the spiral grooves on the two harvesting roller bodies of the harvesting roller pair are opposite.
8. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: the cutting mechanism comprises a working box, the upper part and the lower part of one end of the working box, which is far away from the harvesting pair rollers, are respectively provided with a plurality of upper adjusting oil cylinders and a plurality of lower adjusting oil cylinders, two ends of each upper adjusting oil cylinder are respectively hinged with the working box and the agricultural machine, and two ends of each lower adjusting oil cylinder are respectively hinged with the working box and the agricultural machine; the lower part of the operation box is provided with a crushed aggregates conveying assembly, and the blanking end of the operation box, which is positioned at the crushed aggregates conveying assembly, is provided with a blanking port.
9. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: fixed cutting knives are respectively constructed at one end of the operation box close to the harvesting pair rollers and at two sides of each cutting opening, the reciprocating type cutting assembly comprises an installation frame transversely arranged in the operation box, a plurality of active cutting knives are connected onto the installation frame, two active cutting knives are arranged at two sides of the corresponding cutting openings in a group, and reciprocating type driving pieces are respectively connected at two sides of the installation frame; the reciprocating type driving piece comprises a cylinder connected with the upper end of the operation box, a cylinder rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the connecting rod through a connecting plate, one end, far away from the connecting plate, of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the corresponding side of the mounting frame, and the cylinder rod, the connecting plate and the connecting rod form a U-shaped structure.
10. The intensive corn field planting method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the intensive corn field planting method comprises the following steps: the crushed material conveying assembly comprises a plurality of driving rollers which are sequentially connected to the lower part of the operation box in a rotating mode along the transverse direction of the operation box, the driving rollers are connected through a conveying belt in a driving mode, the conveying belt is provided with poking strips at intervals, and the lower part of at least one active cutting knife is provided with a poking assembly used for pushing the corresponding poking strips and driving the conveying belt to move; the poking assembly comprises a limiting block fixed on one side, far away from the cutting opening, of the active cutting knife, a poking tooth is installed on the limiting block in a rotating mode through a connecting shaft, one end of the poking tooth extends to the conveying belt through a limiting opening of the limiting block, and a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion are formed in the end portions of the two ends of the limiting opening of the limiting block respectively.
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| CN117016148A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-10 | 黑龙江省农业科学院作物资源研究所 | Corn fertilization and pollination device |
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| CN115769771B (en) | 2024-07-16 |
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