CN115673875A - Precision measurement device and method for tool rolling angle - Google Patents
Precision measurement device and method for tool rolling angle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115673875A CN115673875A CN202211408778.7A CN202211408778A CN115673875A CN 115673875 A CN115673875 A CN 115673875A CN 202211408778 A CN202211408778 A CN 202211408778A CN 115673875 A CN115673875 A CN 115673875A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a precision measuring device and method for a tool rolling angle, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a light source, a collimating lens, a photoelectric detector and a signal processing module, wherein the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are sequentially arranged along an optical axis of the light source; the relative positions of the light source, the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are fixed; the signal processing module is connected with the photoelectric detector; the signal processing module is used for acquiring the electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter is changed. The device has the advantages of simple optical path structure, convenient integration, lower equipment cost and detection cost and more convenient use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical technology and measurement, and particularly relates to a precision measurement device and method for a tool rolling angle.
Background
With the development of various high-end manufacturing industries, higher requirements are put forward on precision machining technology. In precision machining, it is often necessary to machine a part to a smooth, flat surface. The machining mode is that a cutter with a linear type cutting edge is adopted to fix a part on a three-dimensional motion platform: cutting of the part is achieved by moving the part along a main axis of motion (Y-axis); the intermittent feeding motion is provided through an X axis, and the whole surface to be processed is processed under the condition that the width of the cutting edge is smaller than the size of the processing surface; different slice thicknesses are achieved by controlling the step movement distance of the Z axis.
In the actual cutting process, due to the unavoidable error of the fixed installation of the tool, three kinds of deflection angles exist in the space, such as the rolling angle (rotating around the Y axis), the pitch angle (rotating around the X axis) and the deflection angle (rotating around the Z axis) of the tool in the space disclosed in the patent with the publication number CN104626255B, namely a tool rolling angle fine adjustment device, fig. 1. Among the three kinds of deflection angles, the control accuracy of the pitch angle and the deflection angle is low, and the three kinds of deflection angles can be directly measured by a simple method.
The roll angle error of the tool will directly affect the precision of the machined surface of the part: the sample section heights on the two sides of the blade after each cutting are different, so that the whole surface to be processed can form a saw-toothed section after cutting. Therefore, the control accuracy of the roll angle needs to reach a high level. For example, for a tool with a 1 cm edge width, a roll angle of 0.34' would result in a part cut surface with a jagged relief of 1 micron in height. Precision measurement of roll angle is also the most difficult to perform, typically by expensive precision measurement equipment: measuring the sawtooth-shaped appearance of a cut surface of a part after cutting by using a surface profiler in the prior art, and calculating to obtain the rolling angle of the cutter; or high-precision non-contact measurement is performed by using a laser interferometer. Although the measuring means can accurately measure the rolling angle of the cutter, the measuring means has the defects of complicated steps, difficult application, expensive used equipment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a precision measuring device and a precision measuring method for the rolling angle of a cutter, and aims to solve the technical problems of complicated steps and high cost in the measurement of the rolling angle of the cutter in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for precisely measuring a roll angle of a tool, comprising: the device comprises a light source, a collimating lens, a photoelectric detector and a signal processing module, wherein the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are sequentially arranged along an optical axis of the light source; the relative positions of the light source, the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are fixed; the signal processing module is connected with the photoelectric detector; the signal processing module is used for acquiring an electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter is changed, and the electric signal is used for processing to obtain the rolling angle of the cutter.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme based on the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
(1) Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the light beam that the light source sent is surveyed by photoelectric detector after the collimating lens, and photoelectric detector can be received by signal processing module with the light conversion who detects corresponding signal of telecommunication. In the process of measuring the rolling angle of the cutter, the relative positions of an optical axis (a light source, a collimating lens and a photoelectric detector) and the cutter are changed, so that the cutter edge shields light beams to different degrees, the intensity of an electric signal output by the photoelectric detector is changed, and after the relative positions of the light source, the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are fixed, the only variable influencing the intensity of the light beams detected by the photoelectric detector is the different shielding degrees of the cutter, so that the rolling angle of the cutter can be calculated.
(2) The measuring optical path has simple structure and convenient integration, and the optical path part only comprises a light source, a collimating lens and a photoelectric detector, thereby being beneficial to the miniaturization and the simplification of the device.
(3) The device has low requirements on the installation precision of the cutter and the design precision of the light path structure, and only needs to adjust the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter during specific measurement, so that the light beam emitted by the light source can be shielded by the cutter blade to a certain extent; and a non-contact measuring method is adopted, the measuring method and the measuring conditions are simple, the rolling angle measurement can be realized by only changing the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter and collecting corresponding electric signals in the measuring process, and the use is convenient.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows:
furthermore, the precision measuring device for the rolling angle of the cutter further comprises a moving device, the moving device can move along a first axis and a second axis respectively, the first axis is perpendicular to a cutting plane, the second axis and the optical axis are parallel to the cutting plane, the first axis, the second axis and the optical axis are perpendicular to each other, and the light source, the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are fixed on the moving device; the signal processing module is used for acquiring a first electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the first axis, acquiring a second electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the second axis, and the first electric signal and the second electric signal are used for acquiring a tool rolling angle.
Further, the moving means is a three-dimensional moving stage movable along the first axis, the second axis, and the optical axis.
Further, the signal processing module comprises a signal amplifier and a waveform display, and the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the signal amplifier.
Further, the light source is a near infrared band LED light source.
Further, the receiving wave band of the photoelectric detector is consistent with the transmitting wave band of the light source.
The invention also provides a precision measurement method of the tool rolling angle, which is carried out by adopting the precision measurement device and comprises the following steps:
s1, a cutter is positioned between the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector, and the cutting edge end of the cutter is arranged close to the collimating lens;
s2, adjusting the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter, and acquiring an electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector by the signal processing module;
and S3, obtaining the rolling angle of the cutter according to the electric signal.
Further, the precision measuring device for the rolling angle of the tool also comprises a moving device, the moving device can move along a first axis and a second axis, the first axis is perpendicular to a cutting plane, the second axis and the optical axis are parallel to the cutting plane, and the light source, the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are fixed on the moving device; the signal processing module is used for acquiring a first electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the first axis and acquiring a second electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the second axis, the first electric signal and the second electric signal are used for processing to acquire a tool roll angle, and the tool roll angle is an included angle between a tool cutting edge before adjustment and the cutting plane;
s2 comprises the following steps:
s21, the moving device is controlled to move along the Z-axis direction of the first axis, the photoelectric detector acquires a first electric signal and sends the first electric signal to the signal processing module, and the signal processing module processes the first signal to obtain a Z-axis coordinate and electric signal relation curve Z = f 1 (v)；
S22, according to a relation curve Z = f between the Z-axis coordinate and the electric signal 1 (v) Determining the position z of the optical axis 0 So that the center of the light beam emitted by the light source is projected on the cutting edge of the cutter, and the moving device is controlled to move in the Z-axis direction to enable the optical axis to be positioned at Z 0 At least one of (1) and (b);
s23, controlling the moving device to move back and forth along the direction of the second axis X axis, acquiring a second electric signal by the photoelectric detector and sending the second electric signal to the signal processing module, and processing the second signal by the signal processing module to obtain a relation curve X = f between the X axis coordinate and the electric signal 2 (v)；
S3 comprises the following steps: for the relation curve Z = f of the Z-axis coordinate and the electric signal 1 (v) And X-axis coordinate versus electrical signal curve X = f 2 (v) And processing to obtain the tool rolling angle.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the light source provides light beam to cutter, and the cutter carries out sheltering from of different degrees to the light beam for the light intensity that photoelectric detector detected changes, and then exports the signal of telecommunication of different intensity. In the measuring process, the corresponding relation curve between the signal intensity and the vertical height of a point is accurately calibrated by utilizing the movement of the optical axis in the Z-axis direction to obtain a curve function, then the optical axis is moved in the X-axis direction, the variation of the intensity of the non-shielded light caused by the rolling angle of the cutting edge is accurately detected by combining a photoelectric detector with a signal processing module, and the rolling angle of the cutter can be accurately calculated by combining the curve function. By adopting a non-contact measuring method, after the measurement precision calibration of the precision measuring device is completed, the measurement of the rolling angle of the cutter can be simply, quickly and accurately completed by reciprocating the optical axis in the X-axis direction and recording an electric signal.
Further, the specific calculation formula of the tool roll angle θ in S3 is as follows:
θ＝tan -1 (|f 1 (v 1 )-f 1 (v 2 )|/|x 1 -x 2 |)
wherein v is 1 And v 2 Are x = f respectively 2 (v) At x 1 ～x 2 Minimum and maximum values of electric signal, x, in the range 1 And x 2 Is positioned between the X-axis coordinate when the light beam emitted by the light source moves to one end of the X-axis to be just tangent with the side surface of the cutter and the X-axis coordinate when the light beam moves to the other end of the X-axis to be just tangent with the side surface of the cutter, and the X is 1 And x 2 And the X-axis coordinate is positioned between the X-axis coordinate when the light beam emitted by the light source moves to the position just tangent to the blade towards one end of the X-axis and the X-axis coordinate when the light beam moves to the position just tangent to the blade towards the other end of the X-axis.
Further, z in S22 0 The calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
z 0 ＝(z 1 +z n )/2；
wherein z is 1 And z n According to z = f 1 (v) Obtained of z 1 Is the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source in the Z-axis direction is just not completely shielded by the cutter n The Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis is the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source in the Z-axis direction is just completely shielded by the cutter.
Further, in S1, the moving device is adjusted to enable the light beam emitted by the light source to be projected onto the cutting edge of the cutting tool, so that it is more convenient to subsequently control the moving device to move and obtain z = f containing the position information of the cutting edge of the cutting tool 1 (v)。
Further, in S1, the moving device is adjusted to enable the cutter to be positioned at the center of the light beam emitted by the light source and projected to the middle point of the cutting edge of the cutter, and in this case, z 0 Just at the middle point of the cutting edge, the optical axis passes through the middle point z of the cutting edge of the cutter 0 Perpendicular to the XZ plane formed by the X and Z axes.
Further, z 1 And z n The obtaining mode is specifically as follows:
z＝f 1 (v) The medium electric signal changes along with the change of the moving position of the moving device along the Z-axis direction of the first axis, and when the amplitude of the electric signal is not increased any more, the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment is recorded as the Z-axis coordinate 1 When the amplitude of the electric signal is not reduced continuously, the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment, namely Z, is recorded n 。
Therefore, the optical axis moves relative to the cutter in the Z-axis direction, the electric signal displayed by the signal processing module is observed, when the amplitude of the electric signal is not increased any more, the light beam emitted by the light source is just not shielded by the cutter completely, and the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment is recorded as Z 1 When the amplitude of the electrical signal no longer continues to decrease, z n The light beam emitted by the light source in the Z-axis direction is just completely shielded by the cutter, and the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis, namely the Z-axis coordinate at the moment is recorded n 。
Further, when the moving device moves along the first axis in the Z-axis direction, the stepping distance of the moving device in the Z-axis direction is 0.1-1 μm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of a precision measuring apparatus for a roll angle of a tool;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tool roll angle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tangent plane formed after cutting of a surface to be machined under a rolling angle error;
FIG. 4 is a graph of Z = f obtained as a Z-axis coordinate versus electrical signal 1 (v) Schematic diagram of the steps of (1);
FIG. 5 is a graph of X-axis coordinate versus electrical signal X = f 2 (v) Schematic diagram of the steps of (1);
FIG. 6 is X P And X Q Schematic illustration of the position of (a).
In the figure, 1, a light source; 2. a collimating lens; 3. a photodetector; 4. a signal processing module; 41. a signal amplifier; 42. a waveform display; 5. a cutter; a 51 blade; 6. a three-dimensional mobile station.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the respective embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a precision measuring device for roll angle of a tool, comprising: the device comprises a light source 1, a collimating lens 2, a photoelectric detector 3, a position adjusting device 6 and a signal processing module 4, wherein the collimating lens 2 and the photoelectric detector 3 are sequentially arranged along an optical axis of the light source; the relative positions of the light source 1, the collimating lens 2 and the photoelectric detector 3 are fixed; the position adjusting device is used for adjusting the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter 5; the signal processing module 4 is connected with the photoelectric detector 3; the signal processing module 4 is configured to obtain an electrical signal acquired by the photodetector when the relative position between the optical axis and the tool changes, and the electrical signal is used to process to obtain a tool roll angle. The light beam emitted by the light source is detected by the photoelectric detector after passing through the collimating lens, and the photoelectric detector can convert the detected light into corresponding electric signals and receive and display the electric signals by the signal processing module. In the process of measuring the rolling angle of the cutter, the relative positions of an optical axis (a light source, a collimating lens and a photoelectric detector) and the cutter are changed, so that the cutter edge shields light beams to different degrees, the intensity of an electric signal output by the photoelectric detector is changed, and after the relative positions of the light source, the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are fixed, the only variable influencing the intensity of the light beams detected by the photoelectric detector is the different shielding degrees of the cutter, so that the rolling angle of the cutter can be calculated.
Preferably, based on the precision measuring device for the tool roll angle of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the precision measuring device for the tool roll angle further includes a moving device 6, the moving device 6 can move along a first axis Z-axis direction and a second axis X-axis direction, the first axis is perpendicular to a cutting plane, the second axis and the optical axis are parallel to the cutting plane, the first axis, the second axis and the optical axis are perpendicular to each other, and the light source 1, the collimating lens 2 and the photodetector 3 are fixed on the moving device 6; the signal processing module is used for acquiring a first electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the Z-axis direction of the first axis, acquiring a second electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the X-axis direction of the second axis, wherein the first electric signal and the second electric signal are used for acquiring a tool roll angle, and the tool roll angle is used for adjusting the included angle between the front tool cutting edge and the cutting plane.
Specifically, after the cutter 5 is installed, an angle deviation of rotation around a Y axis may be generated in a space due to problems such as installation accuracy, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a direction parallel to an optical axis is the Y axis, when the precision measurement device is used, the cutter 5 is located between the collimating lens 2 and the photodetector 3, a cutter edge end of the cutter is disposed near the collimating lens, a rake face of the cutter 5 faces the light source 1 and faces away from the photodetector 3, a light beam emitted from the light source 1 is irradiated at a cutter edge of the cutter 5 through the collimating lens 2, the cutter edge of the cutter 5 partially shields the light beam, the unshielded light beam is transmitted to the photodetector 3 along the optical axis, the photodetector 3 converts a detected light signal into an electrical signal, the portion of the cutter edge 5 shielding the light beam is changed, the intensity of the light signal detected by the photodetector 3 is also changed, and finally, the amplitude of the electrical signal displayed by the signal processing module 4 is correspondingly changed. After the relative positions of the light source 1, the collimating lens 2 and the photodetector 3 are fixed, an operator can respectively adjust the positions of the optical axes in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction to shield the light beams by the cutter 5 to different degrees, so as to obtain the change rule of the optical signals in two directions, and calculate the inclination angle (shown in fig. 2) of the blade of the cutter 5 on the XZ plane compared with the X-axis and the Z-axis, that is, the rotation angle (i.e., the rolling angle of the cutter, and the included angle θ between the blade 51 of the cutter and the cutting plane) of the cutter 5 around the Y-axis.
Specifically, the cutting plane refers to a tangent plane which should be formed after cutting of the surface to be machined in an ideal state (without a rolling angle error), and is a smooth plane. The roll angle error of the tool will directly affect the precision of the machined surface of the part: the cutter blade 51 cuts along the X-axis direction, and the heights of the sample sections on both sides of the blade after each cutting are not the same, so that the whole surface to be processed forms a saw-toothed section after cutting, as shown in fig. 3.
Alternatively, the change in the relative position of the optical axis and the tool may be achieved by providing the tool 5 on a second moving device, and translating the tool 5 by the movement of the second moving device. Thus, the relative movement between the optical axis (the light source, the collimator lens and the photodetector) and the tool 5 can be realized by translating the optical axis by the moving device 6, or by translating the tool 5 by the second moving device. Preferably, the optical axis, the collimating lens 2 and the photodetector 3 are fixed on the moving device 6, and the optical axis is translated by the moving device 6 to change the relative position of the optical axis and the tool, so that the operation is simpler and more convenient.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the moving device 6 is a three-dimensional moving table movable along the first axis Z-axis direction, the second axis X-axis, and the optical axis Y-axis. The three-dimensional moving table 6 can drive the light source 1, the collimating lens 2 and the photoelectric detector 3 to move in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction or the Z-axis direction together, so that the purpose of adjusting the position of the optical axis is achieved.
Specifically, the three-dimensional moving stage 6 may be composed of an electric lift table and an electric translation table, the light source 1, the collimator lens 2, and the photodetector 3 are fixed to the electric translation table, the electric translation table is used to realize the adjustment of the optical axis in the X-axis or Y-axis direction, and then the electric translation table is fixed to the electric lift table, and the electric lift table is used to realize the adjustment of the optical axis in the Z-axis direction.
Preferably, the signal processing module 4 comprises a signal amplifier 41 and a waveform display 42, and the photodetector 3 is electrically connected to the signal amplifier 41. The signal amplifier 41 is used for receiving the electrical signal generated by the photodetector 3 and amplifying and inputting the electrical signal into the waveform display 42, the waveform of the electrical signal can be visually displayed through the waveform display 42, and parameters such as the amplitude of the electrical signal can be obtained for measuring the rolling angle. Specifically, the signal amplifier 41 may be a current/voltage signal conversion and amplification circuit composed of an operational amplifier.
Preferably, the light source 1 is a near infrared band LED light source 1 and the receiving band of the photodetector 3 coincides with the emitting band of the light source 1. More specifically, the photodetector 3 may be a photodiode, which is packaged to block the penetration of visible light, so as to make the measurement more accurate.
The invention also provides a precision measurement method of the tool rolling angle, which is carried out by adopting the precision measurement device and comprises the following steps:
s1, a cutter is positioned between the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector, and the cutting edge end of the cutter is arranged close to the collimating lens;
s2, adjusting the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter, and acquiring an electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector by the signal processing module;
and S3, obtaining the rolling angle of the cutter according to the electric signal.
Preferably, the precision measuring device for the roll angle of the tool further comprises a moving device 6 and a moving device 6, wherein the moving device 6 can move along a first axis Z axis and a second axis X axis, the first axis Z axis is perpendicular to a cutting plane, the second axis X axis and the optical axis are parallel to the cutting plane, and the light source 1, the collimating lens 2 and the photoelectric detector 3 are fixed on the moving device 6; the signal processing module is used for acquiring a first electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the Z axis of the first axis and acquiring a second electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the X axis of the second axis, the first electric signal and the second electric signal are used for processing to acquire a tool roll angle, and the tool roll angle is an included angle between a cutting edge of the front tool and the cutting plane before adjustment;
s2 comprises the following steps:
s21, as shown in fig. 4, controlling the moving device to move along the first axis Z axis, acquiring a first electrical signal by the photodetector and sending the first electrical signal to the signal processing module, and processing the first signal by the signal processing module to obtain a relation curve Z = f between the Z axis coordinate and the electrical signal 1 (v)；
S22, according to a relation curve Z = f of the Z-axis coordinate and the electric signal 1 (v) Determining the position z of the optical axis 0 So that the center of the light beam emitted by the light source is projected on the cutting edge of the cutter, and the moving device is controlled to move on the Z axis to enable the optical axis to be positioned at the Z position 0 At least one of (1) and (b);
s23, as shown in fig. 5, controlling the moving device to move back and forth along the second axis X axis, acquiring a second electrical signal by the photodetector and sending the second electrical signal to the signal processing module, and processing the second signal by the signal processing module to obtain a relation curve X = f between the X axis coordinate and the electrical signal 2 (v)；
S3 comprises the following steps: for the relation curve Z = f of the Z-axis coordinate and the electric signal 1 (v) And X-axis coordinate versus electrical signal curve X = f 2 (v) And processing to obtain the tool rolling angle.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the light source provides light beam to cutter, and the cutter carries out sheltering from of different degrees to the light beam for the light intensity that photoelectric detector detected changes, and then exports the signal of telecommunication of different intensity. In the measuring process, the corresponding relation between the signal intensity and the vertical height of a point is accurately calibrated by utilizing the movement of the optical axis on the Z axis to obtain a curve function, then the optical axis is moved in the X axis direction, the variation of the intensity of the non-shielded light caused by the accurate detection of the rolling angle of the cutting edge is realized by combining a photoelectric detector with a signal processing module, and the rolling angle of the cutter can be accurately calculated by combining the curve function. By adopting a non-contact measuring method, after the measurement precision calibration of the precision measuring device is completed, the measurement of the rolling angle of the cutter can be simply and quickly completed by reciprocating the optical axis in the X-axis direction and recording an electric signal.
Preferably, the specific calculation formula of the tool roll angle θ in S3 is as follows:
θ＝tan -1 (|f 1 (v 1 )-f 1 (v 2 )|/|x 1 -x 2 |)
wherein v is 1 And v 2 Respectively, X-axis coordinate and electric signal relation curve X = f 2 (v) At x 1 ～x 2 Minimum and maximum values of electric signal, x, in the range 1 And x 2 Is positioned between the X-axis coordinate when the light beam emitted by the light source moves to one end of the X-axis to be just tangent with the side surface of the cutter and the X-axis coordinate when the light beam moves to the other end of the X-axis to be just tangent with the side surface of the cutter, and the X is 1 And x 2 And the X-axis coordinate is positioned between the X-axis coordinate when the light beam emitted by the light source moves to the position just tangent to the blade towards one end of the X-axis and the X-axis coordinate when the light beam moves to the position just tangent to the blade towards the other end of the X-axis.
Preferably, z in S22 0 The calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
z 0 ＝(z 1 +z n )/2；
wherein z is 1 And z n According to the relation curve Z = f of Z-axis coordinate and electric signal 1 (v) Is obtained, z 1 Is the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source in the Z-axis direction is just not completely shielded by the cutter n The Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis is the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source in the Z-axis direction is just completely shielded by the cutter.
Preferably, in S1, the moving device is adjusted to enable the tool to be located on the position where the light beam emitted by the light source is projected on the cutting edge of the tool, so that it is more convenient to subsequently control the moving device to move and obtain z = f containing the position information of the cutting edge of the tool 1 (v)。
Preferably, in S1, the moving device is adjusted to make the cutter located at the center of the light beam emitted by the light source and projected to the middle point of the cutting edge of the cutter, and in this case, z 0 Just at the midpoint of the cutting edgeThe optical axis passes through the middle point z of the cutting edge of the cutter 0 Perpendicular to the XZ plane formed by the X and Z axes.
Preferably, as shown in FIG. 4, z 1 And z n The obtaining mode is specifically as follows: z = f 1 (v) The medium electric signal changes along with the change of the moving position of the moving device along the Z-axis direction of the first axis, and when the amplitude of the electric signal is not increased any more, the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment is recorded as the Z-axis coordinate 1 When the amplitude of the electric signal is not reduced continuously, recording the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment, namely Z n . The optical axis moves relative to the cutter in the Z-axis direction, the electric signal displayed by the signal processing module is observed, when the amplitude of the electric signal is not increased any more, the light beam emitted by the light source is just not shielded by the cutter completely, and the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment is recorded as Z 1 When the amplitude of the electrical signal no longer continues to decrease, z n The light beam emitted by the light source in the Z-axis direction is just completely shielded by the cutter, and the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis, namely the Z-axis coordinate at the moment is recorded n 。
More specifically, in obtaining z 1 And z n In-process, can realize through the visual observation, at first adjust the optical axis in Z axle direction and make the light beam about half sheltered from by cutter 5, then move the optical axis downwards in Z axle direction earlier, make the part that the light beam was sheltered from by cutter 5 reduce gradually, the light signal that photoelectric detector 3 detected then can strengthen gradually, the signal processing module 4 shows also can strengthen gradually the signal of telecommunication amplitude, until the light beam just is not sheltered from by cutter 5 completely, at this moment, light signal intensity increases to the biggest, the signal of telecommunication amplitude that corresponds also increases to the biggest, therefore, when signal of telecommunication amplitude does not continue to increase again, record the Z axle coordinate of optical axis this moment is Z promptly, the signal of telecommunication amplitude is the biggest 1 . Then, the optical axis is moved upward in the Z-axis direction again, so that the portion of the light beam that is shielded by the tool 5 is gradually increased, then the optical signal detected by the photodetector 3 is gradually decreased, the amplitude of the electrical signal displayed by the signal processing module 4 is also gradually decreased until the light beam is completely shielded by the tool 5, at this time, the intensity of the optical signal is decreased to the minimum, the amplitude of the corresponding electrical signal is also decreased to the minimum, and therefore, when the amplitude of the electrical signal is not continuously decreased,recording the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment as Z n 。
Preferably, when the moving device moves along the first axis in the Z-axis direction, the step distance of the moving device in the Z-axis direction is 0.1 μm to 1 μm.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the step of performing the precision measurement of the tool roll angle by using the precision measurement apparatus for the tool roll angle according to the embodiments of the present invention is as follows:
firstly, a cutter 5 is positioned between the collimating lens 2 and the photoelectric detector 3, and the edge end of the cutter is close to the collimating lens 2;
step two, as shown in FIG. 4, adjusting the optical axis in the X-axis direction to be located at the middle point of the blade, and adjusting the Z-axis direction in the Z-axis direction 1 ～z n Selecting n coordinate points at equal intervals in the range, respectively adjusting the optical axis to the n coordinate points along the Z-axis direction and recording corresponding electric signals v under the n coordinate points c 1 ～v c n According to the coordinate point z 1 ～z n And corresponding electrical signal v c 1 ～v c n A calibration curve function z = f (v), wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 10, and z is an integer 1 Is the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source 1 in the Z-axis direction is just not completely shielded by the cutter 5, Z n Is the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source 1 in the Z-axis direction is just completely shielded by the cutter 5;
step three, adjusting the optical axis to be positioned at the midpoint of the blade in the X-axis direction, and adjusting the optical axis to be positioned at (Z) in the Z-axis direction 1 +z n ) X at/2, then in the X-axis direction 1 ～x 2 The position of the optical axis is reciprocally adjusted within the range, as shown in fig. 5, and the minimum value v of the electrical signal is recorded 1 And maximum value v 2 Wherein x is 1 (x 1 ＝f 2 (v 1 ) And x 2 (x 2 ＝f 2 (v 2 ) X-axis coordinate X when the beam from the source is moved left to just tangent to the edge side in the X-axis direction P And moving to the right the X-axis coordinate X just tangential to the edge side Q As shown in fig. 6;
step four, according to v 1 、v 2 、x 1 、x 2 And the curve function z = f (v) calculates the roll angle θ of the tool 5:
θ＝tan -1 (|f 1 (v 1 )-f 1 (v 2 )|/|x 1 -x 2 |)。
specifically, since the tool 5 is installed, in the first step, the moving device may be adjusted so that the edge end of the tool is disposed close to the collimating lens, the rake face of the tool 5 faces the light source 1, faces away from the photodetector 3, and the light beam emitted from the light source 1 is projected onto the edge of the tool 5.
Specifically, in the second step, in the process of calibrating the curve function z = f (v), since the curve function is not in a linear relationship, at least 10 points need to be taken for fitting, and the larger the value of n is, the more the fitted points are, and the more accurate the calibrated curve function is.
Specifically, in step three, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, x 1 And x 2 Can not exceed the X-axis coordinate X when the light beam emitted by the light source in the X-axis direction moves leftwards to be just tangent to the side surface of the cutter P And moving to the right the X-axis coordinate X just tangential to the side of the tool Q And x 1 And x 2 The light beam emitted by the light source moves to the position between the X-axis coordinate when being just tangent to the cutting edge towards one end of the X-axis and the X-axis coordinate when being just tangent to the cutting edge towards the other end of the X-axis). The light beam is ensured to move back and forth between the left side surface and the right side surface of the cutter, so that the change of the light signal is monotone increasing or monotone decreasing caused by the fact that the light beam is shielded by the cutting edge only in the process of one-time movement, a periodically changing electric signal can be formed in the process of reciprocating movement, and the minimum value v of the amplitude of the electric signal is obtained 1 And maximum value v 2 And then according to the curve function z = f calibrated in the step two 1 (v) Then x can be calculated 1 Position sum x 2 Relative height change between locations along the Z-axis | f 1 (v 1 )-f 1 (v 2 ) L, & ltx |) 1 And x 2 The distance between the two is as large as possible, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the rolling angle measurement.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A precision measuring device for the roll angle of a tool, comprising: the device comprises a light source, a collimating lens, a photoelectric detector and a signal processing module, wherein the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are sequentially arranged along an optical axis of the light source; the relative positions of the light source, the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector are fixed; the signal processing module is connected with the photoelectric detector; the signal processing module is used for acquiring the electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter is changed.
2. The precise measurement device of tool roll angle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a moving device, said moving device being movable along a first axis and a second axis respectively, said first axis being perpendicular to a cutting plane, said second axis and said optical axis being parallel to said cutting plane, said first axis, said second axis and said optical axis being perpendicular to each other, said light source, said collimating lens and said photodetector being fixed to said moving device; the signal processing module is used for acquiring a first electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the first axis, and acquiring a second electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the second axis.
3. The precision measuring device of a tool roll angle according to claim 2, characterized in that the moving means is a three-dimensional moving stage movable along the first axis, the second axis and the optical axis.
4. The precision measuring device of the roll angle of the cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal processing module comprises a signal amplifier and a waveform display, and the photodetector is electrically connected with the signal amplifier.
5. A method for precisely measuring a tool roll angle, which is performed by using the device for precisely measuring a tool roll angle according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, a cutter is positioned between the collimating lens and the photoelectric detector, and the cutting edge end of the cutter is arranged close to the collimating lens;
s2, adjusting the relative position of the optical axis and the cutter, and acquiring an electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector by the signal processing module;
and S3, obtaining a tool rolling angle according to the electric signal.
6. The method for precisely measuring the tool rolling angle according to claim 5, wherein the device for precisely measuring the tool rolling angle further comprises a moving device, the moving device can move along a first axis and a second axis respectively, the first axis, the second axis and the optical axis are perpendicular to each other in pairs, the first axis is perpendicular to a cutting plane, the second axis and the optical axis are parallel to the cutting plane, and the light source, the collimating lens and the photodetector are fixed on the moving device; the signal processing module is used for acquiring a first electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the first axis and acquiring a second electric signal acquired by the photoelectric detector when the mobile device moves along the second axis, the first electric signal and the second electric signal are used for acquiring a tool roll angle number for processing to obtain a tool roll angle, and the tool roll angle is an included angle between a cutting edge of the front tool and the cutting plane before adjustment;
s2 comprises the following steps:
s21, controlling the mobile device to move along the first axis, acquiring a first electric signal by the photoelectric detector and sending the first electric signal to the signal processing module, and processing the first signal by the signal processing module to obtain a relation curve between a first axis coordinate and the electric signal;
s22, determining the position z of the optical axis according to the relation curve of the first axis and the electric signal 0 So that the center of the light beam emitted by the light source is projected on the cutting edge of the cutter, and the moving device is controlled to move on the first axis to enable the optical axis to be positioned at z 0 At least one of (1) and (b);
s23, controlling the mobile device to move back and forth along the second axis, acquiring a second electric signal by the photoelectric detector and sending the second electric signal to the signal processing module, and processing the second signal by the signal processing module to obtain a relation curve between a second axis coordinate and the electric signal;
s3 comprises the following steps: and processing the relation curve of the first axial coordinate and the electric signal and the relation curve of the second axial coordinate and the electric signal to obtain the rolling angle of the cutter.
7. The method for precisely measuring the roll angle of a tool according to claim 6, wherein the specific calculation formula of the roll angle θ of the tool in S3 is as follows:
θ＝tan -1 (|f 1 (v 1 )-f 1 (v 2 )|/|x 1 -x 2 |)
the first axis is a Z axis, and the relation curve of the first axis coordinate and the electric signal is Z = f 1 (v) The second axis is an X axis, and the relation curve of the second axis coordinate and the electric signal is X = f 2 (v)，v 1 And v 2 Are x = f respectively 2 (v) At x 1 ～x 2 Minimum and maximum values of electric signal, x, in the range 1 And x 2 The light beam emitted by the light source moves to the X-axis coordinate when just tangent to the side surface of the cutter towards one end of the X-axis and moves to the X-axis coordinate when just tangent to the side surface of the cutter towards the other end of the X-axisBetween coordinates, and x 1 And x 2 The X-axis coordinate when the light beam emitted by the light source moves to the end of the X-axis to be just tangent with the blade and the X-axis coordinate when the light beam moves to the other end of the X-axis to be just tangent with the blade.
8. A method for precisely measuring the roll angle of a tool according to claim 6, wherein z in S22 0 The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
z 0 ＝(z 1 +z n )/2；
wherein z is 1 And z n Obtained according to the relation curve of the first axis coordinate and the electric signal, z 1 Is the first axial coordinate, z, of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source is just not completely shielded by the tool n Is the first axis coordinate of the optical axis when the light beam emitted by the light source is just completely shielded by the cutter.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein z is 1 And z n The obtaining mode is as follows:
the electric signal in the relation curve of the first axis coordinate and the electric signal changes along with the change of the moving position of the moving device along the first axis, and when the amplitude of the electric signal is not increased any more, the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment is recorded as Z 1 When the amplitude of the electric signal is not reduced continuously, recording the Z-axis coordinate of the optical axis at the moment, namely Z n 。
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the step distance of the moving device on the first axis is 0.1 μm to 1 μm when the moving device moves along the first axis.
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| CN202211408778.7A CN115673875A (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2022-11-10 | Precision measurement device and method for tool rolling angle |
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