CN212390966U - Multifunctional detection device based on laser triangulation method - Google Patents

Multifunctional detection device based on laser triangulation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN212390966U
CN212390966U CN202021672414.6U CN202021672414U CN212390966U CN 212390966 U CN212390966 U CN 212390966U CN 202021672414 U CN202021672414 U CN 202021672414U CN 212390966 U CN212390966 U CN 212390966U
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workpiece fixing
fixing mechanism
laser
axis
workpiece
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CN202021672414.6U
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Chinese (zh)
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李福新
徐建
王庆桦
杨广武
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Tianjin Sino German University of Applied Sciences
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Tianjin Sino German University of Applied Sciences
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-functional detection device based on laser triangulation, include: the workpiece fixing mechanism is used for fixing a workpiece to be detected; the motion adjusting mechanism is in transmission connection with the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move; the laser emission mechanism is arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism; the signal acquisition mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the laser emission mechanism and are used for receiving diffuse reflection light; and the signal processing system is in communication connection with the signal acquisition mechanism and is used for receiving the signals acquired by the signal acquisition mechanism and processing and displaying the received signals. The utility model discloses measurement accuracy is high, the error is little, easy operation is stable.

Description

Multifunctional detection device based on laser triangulation method
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a work piece size detection technical field especially relates to a multi-functional detection device based on laser triangulation method.
Background
In the traditional workpiece qualification detection link, a technician usually completes the measurement of the geometric characteristics of the part by means of a corresponding measuring tool. And the manual detection has low efficiency and large error.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above-mentioned defects or shortcomings in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a multifunctional detection device based on laser triangulation method, which has high measurement accuracy, small error and simple and stable operation.
The utility model provides a multifunctional detection device based on a laser triangulation method, which comprises a workpiece fixing mechanism, a movement adjusting mechanism, a laser emission mechanism, a signal acquisition mechanism and a signal processing system; wherein:
the workpiece fixing mechanism is used for fixing a workpiece to be detected;
the motion adjusting mechanism is in transmission connection with the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the directions of an x axis, a y axis or a z axis respectively and rotate for 360 degrees by taking the central axis of the workpiece fixing machine as an axis;
the laser emission mechanism is fixedly arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and emits laser beams along a direction vertical to the central shaft of the workpiece fixing mechanism;
the signal acquisition mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the laser emission mechanism and used for receiving diffuse reflection light;
the signal processing system is in communication connection with the signal acquisition mechanism and is used for receiving the signals acquired by the signal acquisition mechanism and processing and displaying the received signals.
Preferably, the signal acquisition mechanism comprises linear array CCDs symmetrically arranged on two sides of the laser emission mechanism, and receiving lenses are arranged on one sides of the linear array CCDs, which are close to the workpiece fixing mechanism.
Preferably, the setting angle of the linear array CCD and the receiving lens satisfies the following relationship: a × tan α ═ b × tan β; wherein: a is the distance from the focal point A of the laser beam and the optical axis of the receiving lens to the front main surface of the receiving lens; alpha is an included angle between the linear array CCD and an optical axis of the receiving lens; b is the distance from the central point of the image light spot on the linear array CCD to the rear main surface of the receiving lens; beta is the included angle between the laser beam and the optical axis of the receiving lens.
Preferably, the laser emission mechanism comprises a support, an optical bench, a laser and a focusing lens; wherein,
the optical bench is adjustably arranged on the bracket, and the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the lens optical axis of the focusing lens by adjusting the position of the optical bench;
the laser is arranged on the optical bench;
the focusing lens is fixedly arranged on one side of the laser close to the workpiece fixing mechanism.
Preferably, the movement adjusting mechanism includes:
the x-axis driving motor is arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the x-axis direction;
the y-axis driving motor is arranged below the workpiece fixing mechanism and used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the y-axis direction;
the z-axis driving motor is arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the z-axis direction;
and the rotary driving motor is arranged below the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to rotate by 360 degrees by taking the central shaft of the workpiece fixing mechanism as an axis.
Preferably, the workpiece fixing mechanism comprises a tray, and a movable clamping groove for fixing the workpiece is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the tray.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
(1) the detection device of the utility model optimizes and designs the light path according to the Scheimpflug law condition, and effectively reduces the detection error of the workpiece by using a double linear array CCD receiving mode;
(2) the control system is programmed to design a scanning mode, so that the diversified requirements of different workpiece tests can be met, and the application range is wider;
(3) the signal processing system with high performance is utilized to process the signal, and the workpiece size detection is realized quickly, efficiently and stably.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a detection device structural design is reasonable, the testing process is stable, the testing result is accurate.
It should be understood that what is described in this summary section is not intended to limit key or critical features of embodiments of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the optical path for workpiece inspection;
fig. 3 is a block flow diagram of a detection method.
Reference numbers in the figures: 11. a workpiece; 12. a laser beam; 13. linear array CCD; 14. a receiving lens; 15. an optical axis; 16. a laser; 17. a focusing lens; 18. a tray; 19. a central axis.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multifunctional detection device based on a laser triangulation method, which includes a workpiece fixing mechanism, a motion adjusting mechanism, a laser emitting mechanism, a signal collecting mechanism, and a signal processing system; wherein:
the workpiece fixing mechanism is used for fixing a workpiece 11 to be detected;
the motion adjusting mechanism is in transmission connection with the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the directions of an x axis, a y axis or a z axis respectively and rotate for 360 degrees by taking a central shaft 19 of the workpiece fixing machine as an axis;
the laser emission mechanism is fixedly arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and emits laser beams along the direction vertical to the central shaft 19 of the workpiece fixing mechanism;
the signal acquisition mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the laser emission mechanism and are used for receiving diffuse reflection light;
and the signal processing system is in communication connection with the signal acquisition mechanism and is used for receiving the signals acquired by the signal acquisition mechanism and processing and displaying the received signals.
In this embodiment, the double signal acquisition mechanisms are arranged to effectively reduce the measurement error and improve the measurement precision. Since the accuracy of the laser triangulation system decreases as the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the surface being measured increases. Along with the increase of incident angle, like the facula can be less and less unclear, when the incident angle reaches certain angle, can produce the blind area, the measurement signal disappears. According to the technical scheme, the double-signal acquisition mechanism is adopted, and the measurement error caused by overlarge gradient change of the surface of the workpiece in the measurement process is reduced through a complementary method.
The two groups of signal acquisition mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the laser emission mechanism and respectively receive the diffuse reflection light, in the same measurement process, the surface gradients of the workpieces 11 corresponding to the two groups of signal acquisition mechanisms are different, the acquired signals are subjected to complementary processing to obtain a final result, the measurement error can be effectively reduced, and the measurement precision is improved.
The x-axis in the moving direction of the workpiece fixing mechanism is the horizontal direction perpendicular to the laser beam 12; the y-axis is in the vertical direction; the z-axis is along the direction of irradiation of the laser beam 12. The center axis 19 of the work holding machine is the center of the work holding machine in the vertical direction. The motion adjusting mechanism drives the workpiece fixing mechanism to rotate and move along all directions, so that all-dimensional profile information of the workpiece 11 can be obtained, and the detection information is more comprehensive.
The signal processing system can select a computer, professional detection data processing software Labview is installed on the computer, the signal acquisition mechanism transmits acquired signals to the computer, and the computer processes the received signals through the Labview and displays a graphical result.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the signal acquisition mechanism comprises line CCDs 13 symmetrically arranged at two sides of the laser emission mechanism, and a receiving lens 14 is arranged at one side of each line CCD13 close to the workpiece fixing mechanism.
In this embodiment, the linear array CCD13 has a simple structure and low cost. The linear array CCD13 can transmit photoelectric conversion signals in real time, has high self-scanning speed and high frequency response, can realize dynamic measurement, and can work under low illumination.
The receiving lens is arranged in front of the linear array CCD13 and used for receiving the diffuse reflection light to form light spots which are projected onto the linear array CCD13, and the signal output end of the linear array CCD13 is connected with the signal processing system.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the arrangement angle of the line CCD13 and the receiving lens 14 satisfies the following relationship: a × tan α ═ b × tan β; wherein: a is the distance from the focal point A of the laser beam 12 and the optical axis 15 of the receiving lens 14 to the front main surface of the receiving lens 14; α is an included angle between the linear CCD13 and the optical axis 15 of the receiving lens 14; b is the distance from the central point of the image light spot on the linear array CCD13 to the rear main surface of the receiving lens 14; β is the angle between the laser beam 12 and the optical axis 15 of the receiving lens 14.
In the present embodiment, the laser beam 12 emitted from the laser emitting mechanism is focused by the converging lens 17 and then irradiated perpendicularly onto the surface of the workpiece 11, and a part of the diffusely reflected light from the surface is focused by the receiving lens 14 and imaged on the line CCD 13.
In order to make the linear CCD13 obtain a clear image, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the system. In general, in the design of the optical path, it is required that the light-sensitive surface of the line CCD13 and the optical axis 15 of the receiving lens 14 form a certain angle, which means that the object plane, the lens plane and the image plane must intersect in the same straight line at the same time, and at this time, the projected light spot passing through the receiving lens 14 can form a clear real image on the line CCD13 no matter how far or near.
In a preferred embodiment, the laser emitting mechanism comprises a support, an optical bench, a laser 16 and a focusing lens 17; wherein,
the optical bench is adjustably arranged on the bracket, and the laser beam 12 emitted by the laser 16 passes through the lens optical axis of the focusing lens 17 by adjusting the position of the optical bench;
a laser 16 mounted on the optical bench;
and a focusing lens 17 fixedly provided on the side of the laser 16 close to the workpiece fixing mechanism.
In the present embodiment, the laser 16 is mounted on an optical bench, and the irradiation position of the laser beam 12 emitted from the laser 16 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the optical bench.
The optical bench and the support can be adjusted in position through the sliding groove structure, the sliding groove is formed in the support, and the optical bench can slide along the sliding groove so as to adjust the position of the optical bench. A power device, such as a motor, an electric telescopic rod and other driving components, can be arranged between the optical bench and the chute, so that the position adjustment of the optical bench can be controlled and adjusted through a control device.
In a preferred embodiment, the movement adjustment mechanism comprises:
the x-axis driving motor is arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the x-axis direction;
the y-axis driving motor is arranged below the workpiece fixing mechanism and used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the y-axis direction;
the z-axis driving motor is arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the z-axis direction;
and the rotation driving motor is arranged below the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to rotate by 360 degrees by taking the central shaft of the workpiece fixing mechanism as an axis.
In this embodiment, in order to realize the omni-directional scanning of the workpiece 11, the motion adjustment mechanism is provided with three sets of motors that can drive the workpiece fixing mechanism to move in the three-dimensional direction and a rotation driving motor that can drive the workpiece fixing mechanism to rotate 360 degrees, and each motor is respectively connected with the workpiece fixing mechanism through a transmission component in a transmission manner, so as to realize the movement and rotation of the workpiece fixing mechanism in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions.
In a preferred embodiment, the workpiece fixing mechanism comprises a tray 18, and a movable clamping groove for fixing the workpiece 11 is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the tray 18.
In this embodiment, the tray 18 may be configured to be vertically rotatable, the rotary driving motor drives the upper portion of the tray 18 to rotate the workpiece 11 by 360 degrees, and the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis driving motors respectively drive the lower portion of the tray 18 to move the workpiece 11 in three dimensions. The tray 18 may also be provided in two parts, the middle part and the outer periphery being rotatable relative to each other.
The movable clamping groove is used for fixing the workpiece 11 on the top surface of the tray 18. The movable clamping groove can be of a clamping plate and spring structure, and the clamping plate is supported by the spring to fix the workpiece. The telescopic driving piece can be an electric telescopic rod or an air cylinder and the like.
The utility model discloses a laser light source adopts the semiconductor laser of 650nm wavelength.
The signal processing system can adopt a computer, and Labview software is used for controlling the scanning system and the signal processing system. The scanning system uses a micro-motion platform (German PI company), the scanning ranges in the x, y and z directions are all 0-25 mm, and the minimum step length can reach 1 mu m; the minimum angle of the rotary stepping motor is 0.1 degrees, and high-precision scanning can be realized. The control command for the platform is sent by the computer and the position movement information of the platform can be fed back to the computer.
After signal processing such as a filter circuit, an amplifying circuit, A/D conversion and the like, a light spot analog signal acquired by the linear array CCD is input into a computer to be processed, stored and displayed by Labview. The signal control system can also adopt a lower computer control mode to obtain: the design of a hardware circuit and the manufacture of a circuit board are carried out by utilizing devices such as a single chip microcomputer (STM 32F103ZET6), an LCD display screen, a memory chip and the like. Programming by using a Keil development platform, and compiling a corresponding CCD driving program, a data processing program, a light spot center positioning program, a driving program of a display screen and a data storage chip and the like by using C language to realize the acquisition, transmission, processing and display of CCD data. The working principle of the device is that the single chip microcomputer controls the linear array CCD to collect data, then the collected data are processed, the position of the center of a light spot is determined, a data result is calculated, and the position and the measurement result of the light spot are displayed through the LCD.
In addition, for further understanding of the present application, with reference to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application further provides a multifunctional detection method based on a laser triangulation method, where the detection method is performed by using the detection apparatus described above.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
mounting a workpiece, namely fixing the workpiece to be detected on a workpiece fixing mechanism, starting a motion adjusting mechanism, driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move, and driving the workpiece into a detection area;
setting a scanning mode, and setting the scanning mode through a control system;
selecting a scanning step length, and selecting the scanning step length through a control system;
emitting laser, starting a laser, collimating the laser emitted by the laser through a converging lens to form a parallel laser beam, projecting the laser beam onto a workpiece to be measured, and performing diffuse reflection;
collecting signals, wherein the diffusely reflected laser is respectively reflected to two receiving lenses, focused by the receiving lenses and irradiated onto the linear array CCD, the workpiece to be detected moves in a detection range under the drive of a workpiece fixing mechanism according to a set scanning mode, light spots diffusely reflected on the linear array CCD change along with the movement of the workpiece, and the position of the light spots changes along with the change of the distance from the linear array CCD to a laser beam incidence point of the workpiece to be detected, and the linear array CCD collects the signals;
and the signal processing system calculates the change of the surface of the workpiece to be detected according to the change of the imaging position of the light spot on the linear array CCDs, reconstructs and detects the surface of the workpiece by processing the scanning position information and the change of the surface signals of the workpiece acquired by the two groups of linear array CCDs, and displays the graphical result at the terminal.
Further, the scanning mode includes:
workpiece profile mapping, wherein the profile shape of the workpiece to be detected is determined through the rotation of the central shaft of the workpiece fixing mechanism;
detecting the surface flatness of the workpiece, and realizing point-to-surface two-dimensional scanning by controlling the movement of the workpiece fixing mechanism in the x-y direction;
customizing a scanning mode: the moving mode of the workpiece fixing mechanism is set through the control system, and the detection requirement is met.
Further, the step size in the step of selecting the scanning step size is in micron order.
The laser triangulation method detection adopts a non-contact mode, and the defects that the measurement force is not easy to control, the error is large, the efficiency is low and the like in the contact detection are overcome. The laser is used as a light source and is projected to a certain point on the surface of a workpiece, and image spots generated by diffuse reflection are collected by using a linear array CCD. Along with the movement of the workpiece, the image light spots diffusely reflected to the linear array CCD also move, so that the surface of the workpiece with various shapes can be scanned.
As shown in fig. 2, when the workpiece to be measured moves Y along the incident light direction, the image spot on the corresponding line CCD moves X. According to the Gaussian imaging formula and the geometric optical relationship, the relation between the displacement Y of the workpiece to be measured and the displacement X of the image light spot received by the linear array CCD is as follows:
Figure BDA0002630035220000091
the position of an image spot on the linear array CCD and the distance from a laser beam projection point to the laser have a certain functional relation, and the shape of the workpiece can be reconstructed according to the position parameter of the workpiece movement and the result data of the function, so that the detection is completed. The method has the characteristics of simple structure, small error, high speed, low cost and the like.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "connect", "mount", "fix", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connect" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," etc. means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A multifunctional detection device based on a laser triangulation method is characterized by comprising a workpiece fixing mechanism, a motion adjusting mechanism, a laser emitting mechanism, a signal acquisition mechanism and a signal processing system; wherein:
the workpiece fixing mechanism is used for fixing a workpiece to be detected;
the motion adjusting mechanism is in transmission connection with the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the directions of an x axis, a y axis or a z axis respectively and rotate for 360 degrees by taking the central axis of the workpiece fixing mechanism as an axis;
the laser emission mechanism is fixedly arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and emits laser beams along a direction vertical to the central shaft of the workpiece fixing mechanism;
the signal acquisition mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the laser emission mechanism and used for receiving diffuse reflection light;
the signal processing system is in communication connection with the signal acquisition mechanism and is used for receiving the signals acquired by the signal acquisition mechanism and processing and displaying the received signals.
2. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition mechanism comprises linear array CCDs symmetrically arranged at two sides of the laser emission mechanism, and a receiving lens is arranged at one side of each linear array CCD close to the workpiece fixing mechanism.
3. The detecting device according to claim 2, wherein the arrangement angle of the linear array CCD and the receiving lens satisfies the following relationship: a × tan α ═ b × tan β; wherein: a is the distance from the focal point A of the laser beam and the optical axis of the receiving lens to the front main surface of the receiving lens; alpha is an included angle between the linear array CCD and an optical axis of the receiving lens; b is the distance from the central point of the image light spot on the linear array CCD to the rear main surface of the receiving lens; beta is the included angle between the laser beam and the optical axis of the receiving lens.
4. The detection device according to claim 3, wherein the laser emitting mechanism comprises a support, an optical bench, a laser and a focusing lens; wherein,
the optical bench is adjustably arranged on the bracket, and the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the lens optical axis of the focusing lens by adjusting the position of the optical bench;
the laser is arranged on the optical bench;
the focusing lens is fixedly arranged on one side of the laser close to the workpiece fixing mechanism.
5. The detection device of claim 4, wherein the motion adjustment mechanism comprises:
the x-axis driving motor is arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the x-axis direction;
the y-axis driving motor is arranged below the workpiece fixing mechanism and used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the y-axis direction;
the z-axis driving motor is arranged on one side of the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to move along the z-axis direction;
and the rotary driving motor is arranged below the workpiece fixing mechanism and is used for driving the workpiece fixing mechanism to rotate by 360 degrees by taking the central shaft of the workpiece fixing mechanism as an axis.
6. The detection device according to claim 5, wherein the workpiece fixing mechanism comprises a tray, and a movable clamping groove for fixing the workpiece is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the tray.
CN202021672414.6U 2020-08-12 2020-08-12 Multifunctional detection device based on laser triangulation method Expired - Fee Related CN212390966U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111947575A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-11-17 天津中德应用技术大学 Multifunctional detection device and detection method based on laser triangulation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111947575A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-11-17 天津中德应用技术大学 Multifunctional detection device and detection method based on laser triangulation

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