CN115613156A - 一种黑色氨纶纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种黑色氨纶纤维的制备方法。包括以下步骤:⑴将纳米炭黑、脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷按一定比例添加到二甲基乙酰胺中,经过超声波分散,制得黑色分散浆液;⑵将合适分子量的聚合物二元醇、4,4,‑二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲基乙酰胺混合反应制成异氰酸酯封端聚合物溶液;⑶将上述步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯封端聚合物溶液与二胺或二醇在混合釜中快速混合并发生扩链反应制成聚氨酯(脲)溶液;⑷将上述步骤(1)制得的黑色分散浆液经计量加入上述步骤(3)制得的聚氨酯(脲)溶液中,在混合器中均匀混合,制成纺丝原液;⑸将上述步骤(4)制得的纺丝原液熟化,通过喷丝板形成溶液细流,在纺丝甬道中蒸发除去溶剂二甲基乙酰胺,经卷绕制成黑色氨纶纤维。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种黑色氨纶纤维的制备方法。属于氨纶纤维制备领域。
背景技术
众所周知,氨纶的染色一直是难题,上染率及水洗牢度都不好。而如果不染色则在织物中容易露白,造成布面效果不好,特别是黑色织物更为明显。在传统的织物染色中,绝大部分的黑色染料为偶氮类或联苯类染料,染料分子量大,对于氨纶分子结构的渗透性差,因此上染率和水洗牢度较差。由于染色问题一直是弹性织物的痛点,并且,染色在技术上是不便的,在纺织品的生产链中是附加的并且因此也是成本增加的工艺步骤,所以开发出本体黑色的氨纶纤维就很有必要。
专利CN101984158A公开了一种烷基铵盐作为炭黑分散剂的黑色氨纶生产方法。众所周知,烷基铵盐可以结合炭黑表面的大量羟基而成为分散剂,使炭黑颗粒不团聚,但是烷基铵盐没有可与氨纶的聚氨酯脲大分子形成化学键及氢键结合的基团,导致其与聚氨酯脲大分子体系没有结合点,很容易出现染色不均匀和漂洗溶出的问题。
专利CN 102899739B公开了一种原位聚合制备黑色聚氨酯弹性纤维的方法,是将纳米炭黑粒子分散在低聚物多元醇中,形成混合物,再与二异氰酸酯反应制备-NCO封端的预聚物,经扩链剂熟化步骤,最终制备出黑色聚氨酯纤维,但炭黑直接参与氨纶聚合反应易产生很多副反应,对氨纶的分子结构造成影响,降低了氨纶纤维的性能。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种黑色氨纶纤维的制备方法。
本发明的黑色氨纶纤维的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将纳米炭黑和脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷加入二甲基乙酰胺中,经超声波分散,制得黑色分散浆液;
(2)将聚合物二元醇、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲基乙酰胺加入混合器中;反应制得异氰酸酯封端聚合物溶液;
(3)将上述步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯封端聚合物溶液与二胺或二醇溶液经计量进入反应釜或混合器反应,制成聚氨酯(脲)溶液;
(4)将上述步骤(1)制得的黑色分散浆液计量后与步骤(3)制成的聚氨酯(脲)溶液均匀混合,制成纺丝原液;
(5)将上述步骤(4)的纺丝原液熟化,通过喷丝板形成溶液细流,在纺丝甬道中蒸发除去溶剂二甲基乙酰胺,经卷绕制成黑色氨纶纤维。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的纳米炭黑粒径为300-500nm;
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中将纳米炭黑和脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷加入二甲基乙酰胺中,超声波分散的时间为15-30分钟,所述得到的黑色分散浆液的浓度为15%-40%;
进一步地,所述步骤(2)的聚合釜中设置有搅拌装置,所述混合器为管线式混合器;
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中反应温度为50-80℃,反应时间为30-60分钟;
进一步地,所述步骤(3)的反应釜中设置有搅拌装置,所述混合器为管线式混合器;
进一步地,所述脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量是所述纳米炭黑用量的5%-20%;
进一步地,所述脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷结构式如下:
其中R为碳原子数1-12的烷基。
进一步地,所述4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与所述聚合物二元醇的投料摩尔比是1.55:1~2.0:1;
进一步地,所述聚合物二元醇的重均分子量是1750-2050;
进一步地,所述聚合物二元醇可以是聚酯二醇、聚氧亚乙基丙基醚二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇等双官能团聚合物二醇;
进一步地,所述黑色分散浆液与聚氨酯(脲)溶液的重量比为5:100-10:100;
可选的,所述二胺或二醇溶液的质量浓度为1.5%-8%,是由二胺或二醇溶解于二甲基乙酰胺形成的;
可选的,所述聚氨酯(脲)溶液浓度33%~38%;
可选的,所述二胺为乙二胺、1,2丙二胺、2-甲基戊二胺、戊二胺、二乙胺、环己胺、二丁胺等;
可选的,所述二醇为乙二醇、丁二醇、乙醇胺等;
可选的,所述纳米炭黑占聚氨酯(脲)聚合物干重的0.5%~2%。
本发明中,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷是具有亲水和亲油两种基团的硅烷偶联剂,在其分子中同时具有能和炭黑无机颗粒表面基团结合的亲水基团及能与聚氨酯(脲)大分子反应和氢键结合的脲基。本发明,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量是所述纳米炭黑用量的5%-20%,这里,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的最小用量要按照单层覆盖炭黑表面,起到包膜隔离作用进行。通过实验验证,当脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷与纳米炭黑的重量比小于5%时,不能有效阻止炭黑粒子的团聚,溶液中依然会存在一定量的粒子团聚,分散效果差,当脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷与纳米炭黑的重量比大于20%时,会引起不必要的副反应,进而影响氨纶纤维的质量。
本发明黑色氨纶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:纳米炭黑和脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷加入二甲基乙酰胺中制成的黑色分散浆液,经计量加入聚合反应釜或连续进入聚氨酯(脲)溶液的管道混合器中,进行均匀混合,形成纺丝原液,上述步骤中:脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷作为分散剂,其一端的亲水基团三乙氧基与纳米炭黑表面的大量羟基结合形成硅醇(Si(OH)3),硅醇作为包膜可以阻止纳米炭黑颗粒的聚集。脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷另一端的脲基可以与氨纶大分子主链的聚氨酯(脲)链段上的官能基团(异氰酸酯基等)发生反应形成共价键。而且,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的另一端的脲基和羰基可分别作为给受体与氨纶大分子主链的聚氨酯(脲)链段上的官能基团(氨基甲酸酯基、脲基等)形成多种氢键相互作用。进而通过脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷将炭黑与聚氨酯(脲)在聚合物溶液中形成化学键的结合,不但可以排除炭黑粒子间的团聚,而且可以将炭黑粒子牢固的链接到聚氨酯分子上,可以实现制备出的黑色氨纶在后道应用中的定型、水洗中耐洗涤、易定型,染料不易析出和洗出。
有益效果:
本发明采用脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷对纳米炭黑进行分散制备黑色分散浆液,再将制备的黑色分散浆液混合入聚氨酯(脲)溶液形成黑色聚氨酯溶液,进而制备出黑色氨纶纤维。在聚合物形成阶段引入含有脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷分散剂的炭黑分散浆液,从而减少炭黑的团聚,使炭黑在氨纶纤维内均匀分布,且在分散剂脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的作用下,炭黑能够与聚氨酯(脲)链段形成牢固的共价键和氢键结合,依此生产的氨纶纤维具有一致的色调,无需后道再染色,并具有良好的色牢度,在氨纶的干法或湿法纺丝中具有良好的工艺一致性和经济性。
附图说明
图1:脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷与聚氨酯脲溶液大分子形成氢键相互作用示意图
图2a:脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量是炭黑重量的10%时的分散效果电子显微镜图。
图2b:脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量是炭黑重量的25%时的分散效果电子显微镜图。
图2c:脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量是炭黑重量的3%时的分散效果电子显微镜图。
具体实施方式
下面的发明实施例更具体地描述本发明,但实施例不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1聚氨酯(脲)溶液的制备
将100份重量的平均分子量2000g/mol的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(采购自BASF的PTHF2000)置入反应釜,反应釜内温度45℃,开启搅拌,搅拌速度150rpm,加入222份重量的二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),再加入22.1份重量的4,4,-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,搅拌5min后升温到80℃;将其在80℃下反应1h,得到异氰酸酯封端聚合物溶液。然后加入含有重量2.48份乙二胺(EDA)和0.31份的二乙胺(DEA)的质量浓度为3%的胺溶液,搅拌速度提高到300rpm,进行扩链反应。扩链反应完成后,加入抗氧化剂、消光剂、润滑剂等添加剂浆料混合。经熟化30h得到聚氨酯(脲)溶液,即组分A。
实施例2黑色分散浆液的制备
将1000g纳米炭黑(美国CABOT公司的E-570)置于反应釜中,按照1000:2500的比例加入2500g的二甲基乙酰胺溶剂,再取100g的脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷(杭州大地化工,KH570)加入反应釜中,然后搅匀后放入超声波分散机,超声分散20分钟后制成黑色分散浆液B。
实施例3黑色氨纶纤维的制备
将实施例1制备的聚氨酯(脲)溶液A与实施例2制备的黑色分散浆液B按重量比100:5加入反应釜或连续进入聚氨酯(脲)溶液的混合器中,进行均匀混合,形成黑色聚合物溶液C;通过喷丝板、纺丝甬道进行干法纺丝,纺丝速度800m/min,得到旦数为40D/3f的黑色氨纶纤维UUP-1。其中纳米炭黑在纤维中的含量为0.8%,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量为纳米炭黑用量的10%。
附图2a为本实施例的黑色分散浆液B的30倍的电子显微镜图,可以看出在脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量为纳米炭黑用量的10%时,纳米炭黑颗粒分散均匀,分散效果好。
实施例4
将1000g纳米炭黑(美国CABOT公司的E-570)置于反应釜中,按照1000:2500的比例加入2500g的二甲基乙酰胺溶剂,再取150g的脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷(杭州大地化工,KH570)加入反应釜中,然后搅匀后放入超声波分散机,超声分散20分钟后制成黑色分散浆D液。
将实施例1制备的聚氨酯(脲)溶液A与本实施例的黑色分散浆液D按重量比100:5混合,制成纺丝原液E,通过喷丝板、纺丝甬道,进行干法纺丝,纺丝速度800m/min,得到旦数为40D/3f的黑色氨纶纤维UUP-2。其中纳米炭黑在纤维中的含量为0.8%,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量为纳米炭黑用量的15%。
对比例1
将1000g炭黑(美国CABOT公司的E-570)置于反应釜中,按照1000:2500的比例加入2500g的二甲基乙酰胺溶剂,加入反应釜中,然后搅匀后放入超声波分散机,超声分散20分钟后形成了黑色分散浆液F。
将实施例1制备的聚氨酯(脲)溶液A与本实施例的黑色分散浆液F按重量比100:5混合,制成纺丝原液G,通过喷丝板、纺丝甬道,进行干法纺丝,纺丝速度800m/min,得到旦数为40D/3f的黑色氨纶纤维UUP-3。其中纳米炭黑在纤维中的含量为0.8%,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷用量为0%。
对比例2
将实施例1制备的聚氨酯(脲)溶液A,通过喷丝板、纺丝甬道,进行干法纺丝,纺丝速度800m/min,得到旦数为40D/3f的氨纶纤维UUP-4。其中纳米炭黑在纤维中的含量为0%。
对比例3
将1000g纳米炭黑(美国CABOT公司的E-570)置于反应釜中,按照1000:2500的比例加入2500g的二甲基乙酰胺溶剂,再取250g的脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷(杭州大地化工,KH570)加入反应釜中,然后搅匀后放入超声波分散机,超声分散20分钟后制成黑色分散浆H液。
将实施例1制备的聚氨酯(脲)溶液A与本对比例的黑色分散浆液H按重量比100:5混合,制成纺丝原液I,通过喷丝板、纺丝甬道,进行干法纺丝,纺丝速度800m/min,得到旦数为40D/3f的黑色氨纶纤维UUP-5。其中纳米炭黑在纤维中的含量为0.8%,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量为纳米炭黑用量的25%。
附图2b为本对比例的黑色分散浆液H的30倍的电子显微镜图,可以看出在脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量为纳米炭黑用量的25%时,纳米炭黑颗粒分散有变差趋势,有大颗粒显示。
对比例4
将1000g纳米炭黑(美国CABOT公司的E-570)置于反应釜中,按照1000:2500的比例加入2500g的二甲基乙酰胺溶剂,再取30g的脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷(杭州大地化工,KH570)加入反应釜中,然后搅匀后放入超声波分散机,超声分散20分钟后制成黑色分散浆J液。
将实施例1制备的聚氨酯(脲)溶液A与本对比例的黑色分散浆液J按重量比100:5混合,制成纺丝原液K,通过喷丝板、纺丝甬道,进行干法纺丝,纺丝速度800m/min,得到旦数为40D/3f的黑色氨纶纤维UUP-6。其中纳米炭黑在纤维中的含量为0.8%,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量为纳米炭黑用量的3%。
附图2c为本对比例的黑色分散浆液J的30倍的电子显微镜图,可以看出在脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量为纳米炭黑用量的3%时,有炭黑粒子,分散效果差。
通过上述实施例与对比例制备的聚氨酯弹性纤维的物理性能如下(表1):
表1
纺丝状况 | Tsb | Tsb/cl | Tsb/△ | Eb | Eb/cl | Eb/△ | |
实施例3-UUP-1 | 无异常 | 48.2 | 47.5 | 30.2 | 701.6 | 702.3 | 805.0 |
实施例4-UUP-2 | 无异常 | 49.2 | 49.5 | 28.9 | 673.5 | 682.0 | 834.4 |
对比例1-UUP-3 | 差 | 39.6 | 43.3 | 26.5 | 661.3 | 724.4 | 741.9 |
对比例2-UUP-4 | 无异常 | 45.9 | 46.3 | 27.0 | 704.0 | 726.5 | 872.2 |
对比例3-UUP-5 | 差 | 50.3 | 50.5 | 27.3 | 667.3 | 678.4 | 825.9 |
对比例4-UUP-6 | 差 | 46.8 | 46.8 | 26.9 | 708.7 | 715.4 | 868.7 |
其中:
Tsb、Eb---原丝的拉伸强度(CN)、伸长率(%)
Tsb/cl、Eb/cl---样品四在氯离子水浸泡后的拉伸强度(CN)、伸长率(%)
Tsb/△、Eb/△---样品在热环境处理后的拉伸强度(CN)、伸长率(%)
从以上实例数据看出,对比例1中使用了纳米炭黑,但没有使用脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷作为分散剂,纺丝过程不异常,有大颗粒团聚,说明炭黑没有均匀地分散,大颗粒阻止了纱线的连续纺丝。制得黑色氨纶纤维的拉伸强度差,甚至比未使用炭黑的对比例2的性能都要低,说明没有脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷分散剂的参与纳米炭黑不能良好分散,对黑色氨纶纤维的力学性能起到了破坏作用。
实施例3和4均不但制成成了黑色氨纶纤维,而且同时也提升了制得的黑色氨纶纤维的拉伸强度。这是由于在黑色氨纶纤维制备过程中,在脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的一端亲水基团三乙氧基与纳米炭黑表面的大量羟基结合形成硅醇(Si(OH)3),硅醇作为包膜可以阻止纳米炭黑颗粒的聚集。脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷另一端的脲基可以与聚氨酯脲溶液大分子主链的聚氨酯(脲)链段上的官能基团(异氰酸酯基等)发生反应形成共价键。而且,脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的脲基和羰基又可分别作为给受体与聚氨酯脲溶液大分子主链的聚氨酯(脲)链段上的官能基团(氨基甲酸酯基、脲基等)形成多种氢键相互作用,实际结果中也包括在同一个硅烷偶联剂分子中同时与聚氨酯脲溶液大分子的氨基甲酸酯和脲基形成混合氢键的情况,附图1示出了脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷与聚氨酯脲溶液大分子形成氢键相互作用,如此形成的共价键及氢键可以起到增强最终产品黑色氨纶纤维的拉伸强度的作用。
Claims (2)
1.一种黑色氨纶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包含以下步骤:
(1)将纳米炭黑和脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷加入二甲基乙酰胺中,经超声波分散,制得黑色分散浆液,所述脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷结构式如下:
其中R为碳原子数1-12的烷基;
(2)将聚合物二元醇、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲基乙酰胺混合反应制得异氰酸酯封端聚合物溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯封端聚合物溶液与二胺或二醇溶液混合反应,制成聚氨酯(脲)溶液;
(4)将步骤(1)制得的黑色分散浆液与步骤(3)制成的聚氨酯(脲)溶液均匀混合,制成纺丝原液;
(5)将步骤(4)的纺丝原液熟化,通过喷丝板形成溶液细流,在纺丝甬道中蒸发除去溶剂二甲基乙酰胺,经卷绕制成黑色氨纶纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑色氨纶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述脲烷基三乙氧基硅烷的用量是纳米炭黑用量的5%-20%。
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