CN117362571B - 一种抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚氨酯材料制备领域,具体涉及一种抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。本发明提供的方法包括:步骤1、将多元醇、羟基官能化微胶囊、胺催化剂、有机锡催化剂、水和表面活性剂混合均匀,得到白料;步骤2、在白料中加入异氰酸酯和3‑异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置发泡成型;步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。本发明方法制备的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料制备的聚氨酯材料具有长期稳定的抗菌性能,柔韧性较好,一致性好,使用寿命较长,具备较好的应用前景;本发明提供的制备方法简单易操作,生产效率较高,制备过程安全环保,适合大批量工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯材料制备领域,具体涉及一种抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯自1937年由奥托·拜耳发明以来经过将近一个世纪的发展已经成为了人类生活中不可或缺的一种材料。聚氨酯的应用已经深入了社会发展中的方方面面,在服装,医药,汽车,建筑,装饰等领域中都发挥着重要作用。使用不同配方调配或生产方式可以合成出不同性质的聚氨酯,比如软泡,硬泡,乳液,弹性体等。聚氨酯的合成通常使用异氰酸酯和多元醇,通过异氰酸酯中的异氰酸酯基和多元醇中的醇羟基发生聚合反应生成聚氨酯。
近年来,为了更好的对聚氨酯材料进行应用,关于对聚氨酯材料功能化的研究越来越多,随着聚氨酯材料在服装、家居等领域的应用越来越广泛,为了满足人们对健康的需求,着手于提升聚氨酯抗菌性能的研究也随之增多。目前聚氨酯材料抗菌功能化的主要难点主要在于:在制备过程中直接加入抗菌材料,抗菌材料与制备聚氨酯的原料难以混合均匀,可能会影响发泡及影响制备的聚氨酯材料的一致性、柔韧性等性能,并且制备的聚氨酯材料由于抗菌试剂的不断快速暴露在空气中,使得制备的聚氨酯材料无法长期稳定发挥抗菌性能。
目前抗菌聚氨酯材料的实现抗菌功能化的主要手段有两方面,第一个方面是在聚氨酯制备过程中进行功能化。由于异氰酸酯能和多种亲核试剂反应,因此在对聚氨酯功能化的过程中,在异氰酸酯分子主链进行功能化具有诸多限制,而通过对多元醇进行功能化的方法来实现聚氨酯的抗菌功能化被采用。如文献Wang,CH.,Hou,GG.,Du,ZZ.etal.Synthesis,characterization and antibacterial properties of polyurethanematerial functionalized with quaternary ammonium salt.Polym J 48,259-265(2016),报道了对多元醇进行功能化,在的多元醇中引入季铵盐官能团,使聚氨酯主体结构带有抗菌性,但该制备过程需要纯化,制备工艺复杂。
第二个方面为对制备好的聚氨酯材料进行功能化改性,如文献Ghorbani,Farnaz,Zamanian,Ali and Torabinejad,Bahman."The effect of oxygen plasma pretreatmenton the properties of mussel-inspired polydopamine-decorated polyurethanenanofibers"Journal of Polymer Engineering,vol.40,no.2,2020,pp.109-119,报道了使用氧等离子体对已成型的聚氨酯材料表面进行改性,将聚氨酯抗菌功能化。但是该方法使用氧等离子体创造的改性界面化学性质不稳定,在经过摩擦或过多暴露在使用环境中后抗菌功能容易退化,无法长效抗菌。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明提供了一种抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料及其制备方法,具体技术方案为:
本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,包括:
步骤1、将多元醇、羟基官能化微胶囊、胺催化剂、有机锡催化剂、水和表面活性剂混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入异氰酸酯和3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
具体的,步骤1中加入的多元醇、羟基官能化微胶囊、胺催化剂、有机锡催化剂、水和表面活性剂与步骤2中加入的异氰酸酯、3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为35~45:3~8:0.5~1:0.3~0.5:0.5~1:1~1.3。
具体的,步骤2中加入的所述异氰酸酯、3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷与步骤1中加入多元醇的质量比为:40~50:0.5~3:35~45。
具体的,步骤2中所述异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯及六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
具体的,步骤1中所述多元醇选自聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇中的至少一种;
更具体的,所述聚醚类多元醇包括聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚丙烯醚三元醇;所述聚酯多元醇包括聚己内酯三醇和聚己内酯二元醇;选择聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇以及加入3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷可以提高羟基官能化微胶囊在体系中的分散性,进而避免了微胶囊不易分散和因混料不均导致的发泡塌陷及一致性差等问题;
具体的,步骤1中所述胺催化剂选自三丁胺、三乙胺及十二烷基二甲基胺中的至少一种。
具体的,步骤1所述有机锡催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡和辛酸亚锡中的至少一种。
具体的,步骤1中所述表面活性剂选自聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物、液体石蜡、聚丁二烯及甲基聚硅氧烷中的至少一种;
更具体的,所述聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物可以稳定泡沫、乳化原料体系及提高开孔率,所述聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物的结构通式为:
更具体的,R1、R2为具有1~4个碳原子的烷基,b为1~2,a为3~5。
具体的,步骤1中所述羟基官能化微胶囊的粒径为3~7μm,壳材为聚氨酯;羟基化微胶囊的粒径要控制在合适范围,粒径太大会影响分散,并且更易塌缩;
具体的,所述羟基官能化的微胶囊的芯材为抗菌试剂,所述抗菌试剂选自Ag、Zn、Cu、TiO2中的一种,还可以选自抗菌精油中的一种,所述抗菌精油包括茶树精油、肉桂精油、丁香精油、葡萄柚精油及百里香精油;
更具体的,羟基官能化的微胶囊为羟基官能化的抗菌微胶囊,其制备方法包括:
(1)将16~22份的3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶于有机溶剂,然后与4~10份的多元醇混合,并在40~90℃下反应16~24h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)取4~10份聚氨酯预聚体,在60~80℃下加入4~20份的抗菌试剂混合,得浆料;
(3)将5~8份的阿拉伯树胶与30~80份的水混合,并在室温下搅拌4~8h,得到混合液,然后将浆料加入到混合液中,在室温下及800~1600rpm下乳化30~80min,得水包油乳液;
(4)将水包油乳液加热到40~90℃,然后向水包油乳液中加入6~10份的多元醇,以800~1500rpm的速度搅拌40~100min,得羟基官能化的抗菌微胶囊。
采用该方法制备的羟基官能化抗菌微胶囊,羟基官能化程度较高,且其壳材与制备聚氨酯的体系有较好的相容性,并且具有较好的缓释效果;
更具体的,步骤(1)中有机溶剂选自环己酮、丙酮中的至少一种。
更具体的,步骤(2)和步骤(4)中所述多元醇均选自乙二醇、二甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、一缩二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇和1,6-己二醇中的至少一种。
具体的,步骤2中所述发泡的时间为10~30S;
具体的,步骤2中所述反应的温度为25~80℃,反应的时间为10~30s,搅拌速度800~1600rpm。
具体的,步骤3中所述干燥的温度为50~70℃,干燥的时间为1~3h。
本发明的第二个方面,提供了一种上述任一项所述方法制备的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
本发明提供的方法在制备过程中,羟基功能化的微胶囊上的羟基和聚醚多元醇中的醇羟基共同竞争与异氰酸酯和3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷反应,具有如下作用:
(1)将微胶囊原位均匀连接至制备的聚氨酯分子的链段上,实现聚氨酯的抗菌功能化,并且由于微胶囊连接在聚氨酯链段上同时增强了制备的聚氨酯材料的机械性能,聚氨酯材料一致性较好;
(2)3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异氰酸酯基和羟基官能化的微胶囊上羟基的反应,可以在微胶囊的周围形成包裹,具有固定作用,使微胶囊的壳材更不容易破裂,提高了微胶囊的稳定性,并可以实现微胶囊内抗菌试剂的长期缓释作用;
(3)由于异氰酸酯基、3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和多元醇反应形成交联提高了制备的聚氨酯的密度,使得不需要额外添加增强剂就可获得较高密度的聚氨酯材料;
(4)3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的加入,在制备的聚氨酯材料上引入了有机硅链段,可以提高制备的聚氨酯材料的柔韧性,耐老化性。
本发明有益效果如下:
1.本发明以羟基功能团化的微胶囊、聚醚或聚酯类多元醇、异氰酸酯及3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等试剂为原料制备聚氨酯材料,制备的聚氨酯材料具有长期稳定的抗菌性能,密度较高,柔韧性较好,回弹性较好,一致性较好;
2.本发明提供的制备方法简单易操作,生产效率较高,制备过程安全环保,VOC含量较低,使用寿命较长,具备较好的应用前景,适合大批量工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本发明实施例中使用羟基官能化的微胶囊的制备方法为:
(1)将20份的3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶于200份环己酮,然后边搅拌边滴加5份的乙二醇混合均匀,并在90℃下反应18h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)取8份聚氨酯预聚体,在80℃下加入15份的茶树精油混合,得浆料;
(3)将6份的阿拉伯树胶与50份的水混合,并在室温下搅拌6h,得到混合液,然后将浆料加入到混合液中,在室温下及1200rpm下乳化50min,得水包油乳液;
(4)将水包油乳液加热到70℃,然后向水包油乳液中加入10份的乙二醇,以1500rpm的速度搅拌80min,得羟基官能化的抗菌微胶囊。
本发明实施例中使用的聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物为聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物A,其结构式为:
其中,R1、R2为甲基,b为2,a为3。
实施例1
步骤1、将40份多元醇、5份羟基官能化微胶囊(粒径为5μm)、0.5份三丁胺、0.3份二月桂酸二丁基锡、1份水和1份聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物A混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入45份对苯二异氰酸酯异氰酸酯和1份3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置20s发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
实施例2
步骤1、将40份多元醇、5份羟基官能化微胶囊(粒径为5μm)、0.3份三丁胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡、1份水和1份聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物A混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入40份对苯二异氰酸酯异氰酸酯和1份3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置20s发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
实施例3
步骤1、将40份多元醇、5份羟基官能化微胶囊(粒径为5μm)、0.5份三丁胺、0.3份二月桂酸二丁基锡、1份水和1份聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物A混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入50份对苯二异氰酸酯异氰酸酯和1份3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置20s发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
实施例4
步骤1、将40份多元醇、3份羟基官能化微胶囊(粒径为5μm)、0.5份三丁胺、0.3份二月桂酸二丁基锡、1份水和1份聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物A混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入45份对苯二异氰酸酯异氰酸酯和1份3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置20s发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
实施例5
步骤1、将40份多元醇、8份羟基官能化微胶囊(粒径为5μm)、0.5份三丁胺、0.3份二月桂酸二丁基锡、1份水和1份聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物A混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入45份对苯二异氰酸酯异氰酸酯和1份3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置20s发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
实施例6
步骤1、将40份多元醇、5份羟基官能化微胶囊(粒径为5μm)、0.5份三丁胺、0.3份二月桂酸二丁基锡、1份水和1份聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃的嵌段共聚物A混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入45份对苯二异氰酸酯异氰酸酯和2.5份3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置20s发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
对比例1
本实施例步骤1中加入茶树精油,替代加入的羟基官能化的微胶囊;其他特征与实施例1相同。
对比例2
本实施例步骤2中不加入3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;其他与实施例1相同。
测试结果
由以上测试结果可以看出,采用本发明实施例方法制备的聚氨酯材料拉伸强度较大、抗冲击强度较大、回弹性较高,机械性能较好,并且耐老化性值较低,这说明采用本发明方法制备的聚氨酯材料具有较好的柔韧性、机械性能和耐老化性能,这是由于实施例制备的聚氨酯材料在制备过程中原料形成交联,并且引入有机硅链段;对比例1直接将抗菌试剂加入制备聚氨酯的体系中,抗菌试剂在体系中难以分散均匀,制备的聚氨酯材料一致性较差,进而导致其柔韧性较差,机械性能较差,并且抗菌试剂直接在空气中暴漏,导致抗菌有效期较短,还由于直接加入抗菌试剂会影响发泡,导致密度较高、成型性差,回弹性小;对比例2不加入3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,柔韧性、耐老化性能相对较差。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1、将多元醇、羟基官能化微胶囊、胺催化剂、有机锡催化剂、水和表面活性剂混合均匀,得到白料;
步骤2、在白料中加入异氰酸酯和3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷快速搅拌,然后将反应后所得物料静置发泡成型;
步骤3、将步骤2所得物料干燥后得到所述聚氨酯材料;
其中,步骤1中所述羟基官能化的微胶囊为羟基官能化的抗菌微胶囊,其制备方法包括:
(1)将16~22份的3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶于有机溶剂,然后与4~10份的多元醇混合,并在40~90℃下反应16~24h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)取4~10份聚氨酯预聚体,在60~80℃下加入4~20份的抗菌试剂混合,得浆料;
(3)将5~8份的阿拉伯树胶与30~80份的水混合,并在室温下搅拌4~8h,得到混合液,然后将浆料加入到混合液中,在室温下及800~1600rpm下乳化30~80min,得水包油乳液;
(4)将水包油乳液加热到40~90℃,然后向水包油乳液中加入6~10份的多元醇,以800~1500rpm的速度搅拌40~100min,得羟基官能化的抗菌微胶囊;
步骤2中所述异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯及六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中加入的多元醇、羟基官能化微胶囊、胺催化剂、有机锡催化剂与水和表面活性剂的质量比为35~45:3~8:0.5~1:0.3~0.5:0.5~1:1~1.3。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述多元醇选自聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述羟基官能化微胶囊的粒径为4~7μm,壳材为聚氨酯。
5.如权利要求1所述的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1所述胺催化剂选自选自三丁胺、三乙胺及十二烷基二甲基胺中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1所述有机锡催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡和辛酸亚锡中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述羟基官能化微胶囊为羟基官能化的抗菌微胶囊。
8.如权利要求1所述的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中加入的所述异氰酸酯、3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷与步骤1中加入多元醇的质量比为:40~50:0.5~3:35~45。
9.一种如权利要求1~8任一项所述方法制备的抗菌功能化的聚氨酯材料。
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