CN115605304A - 用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂 - Google Patents

用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂 Download PDF

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CN115605304A
CN115605304A CN202180040518.6A CN202180040518A CN115605304A CN 115605304 A CN115605304 A CN 115605304A CN 202180040518 A CN202180040518 A CN 202180040518A CN 115605304 A CN115605304 A CN 115605304A
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T·佩里
E·林汀格
M·C·奥舍尔
Z·布尼亚泽
C·德拉罗阿
P·卡萨瑙
R·菲尔希隆
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Saint Etienne Jean Mona University
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL
Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Saint Etienne Jean Mona University
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL
Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Abstract

一种用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂,所述粘合剂由以下物质组成,以重量百分比计且总计100%:‑35%至60%的组分(a)或“聚合物基料”,其由聚合物或聚合物混合物组成,所述聚合物每种是非两亲性的并且具有大于或等于5,000克/摩尔的重均摩尔质量,‑30%至55%的组分(b)或“蜡”,其由聚合物或聚合物混合物组成,所述聚合物每种是非两亲性的并且具有小于5,000克/摩尔的重均摩尔质量,和‑少于10%的两亲组分(c)或“表面活性剂”,和‑少于10%的其它组分(d),其中以基于粘合剂重量的重量百分比计,聚合物基料包含2%至15%的苯乙烯‑乙烯‑丁烯‑苯乙烯共聚物或“SEBS”,以基于所述SEBS重量的重量百分比计,在SEBS中苯乙烯的重量含量大于15%,所述SEBS的重均摩尔质量大于100,000g/mol。

Description

用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂以及一种包含所述粘合剂的注塑成型组合物。
现有技术
粉末注塑成型允许用各种材料获得各种形状的零件,特别是塑料、金属和陶瓷。这种方法还允许制备大量零件,同时限制生产时间。
一种采用粉末注塑成型来制备烧结部件的方法,通常包括以下步骤:
A)生产模塑组合物,
B)使所述模塑组合物注塑成型以获得预成型件,
C)使预成型件至少部分地排胶,
D)烧结该至少部分排胶的预成型件以获得烧结部件。
步骤A)在于使有机粘合剂和粉末,例如金属或陶瓷粉末混合,粉末任选地进行功能化以改善与粘合剂的接触。
粘合剂通常包含聚合物基料、蜡和表面活性剂。粘合剂的作用是促进模塑组合物在步骤B)的注塑成型过程中的流动,并为预成型件提供足够的机械强度以使其能够进行处理。
陶瓷粉末和金属粉末具有不同的性质,特别是不同的颗粒表面性质和流动性质。由包含金属粉末和陶瓷粉末的模塑组合物的注塑成型所产生的问题,以及为解决所述问题而采用的技术方案通常是不同的。特别地,为基于金属粉末的模塑组合物开发的粘合剂不能先验地用于基于陶瓷粉末的模塑组合物。
在步骤A)结束时,获得通常英文称为“feedstock”的模塑组合物。
步骤A)通常还包括造粒,使得模塑组合物呈颗粒形式。
步骤B)中,模塑组合物在被加热后进行注塑成型,常规采用注塑压机,以得到预成型件。
步骤C)在于至少部分地、优选完全地消除存在于预成型件中的粘合剂,通常通过使所述预成型件经受溶剂侵蚀(“溶剂”排胶)然后热侵蚀(热排胶)。
排胶可会使预成型件变形,这导致制备出不可接受的烧结部件。
步骤D)在于通过烧结使预成型件固结以获得所需部件,并且还在于消除在步骤C)期间未被消除的可能的粘合剂部分。在一个实施方案中,步骤C)的热排胶和步骤D)的烧结在同一步骤中在单个热循环期间进行。
一直需要一种限制在步骤C)中预成型件的变形,同时产生具有高的相对密度的烧结部件的方法。
本发明的一个目的是至少部分满足这一需要。
发明内容发明概要
本发明涉及一种用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂,所述粘合剂以重量百分比计包含:
-35%至60%的组分(a)或“聚合物基料”,其由聚合物或聚合物混合物组成,所述每种聚合物:
-没有亲水基团或疏水基团,或没有亲水基团和疏水基团,即“非两亲性”,并且
-具有大于或等于5,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-30%至55%的组分(b)或“蜡”,由聚合物或聚合物混合物组成,每种所述聚合物:
-是非两亲性的,并且
-具有小于5,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量,并且
-少于10%的两亲组分(c)或“表面活性剂”,以及
-少于10%的其它组分(d),
组分(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)的百分比总和等于100%,
聚合物基料包含2%至15%的苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物或“SEBS”,以基于粘合剂重量的重量百分比计,在SEBS中苯乙烯的重量含量大于15%,以基于所述SEBS重量的重量百分比计,所述SEBS的重均摩尔质量大于100,000g/mol。
值得注意的是,发明人已经观察到,以指定含量存在这种聚合物基料限制了在步骤C)中预成型件的变形,同时产生了具有高的相对密度的烧结部件。
根据本发明的粘合剂有利地允许限制通过机加工的返工操作,这在复杂形状的情况下是昂贵的,甚至是不可能的。
根据本发明的用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂还可具有以下任选特征中的一种或多种:
- SEBS含量大于或等于4%且小于或等于13%;
- 在SEBS中苯乙烯的重量含量大于20%,优选大于25%,且小于60%,基于所述SEBS重量的重量百分比计;
- SEBS的重均摩尔质量大于160,000g/mol且小于400,000g/mol;
- 表面活性剂的量大于或等于0.5%;
- 粘合剂具有,以基于粘合剂的重量百分比计:
- 大于或等于40%,优选大于或等于45%且小于或等于55%,优选小于或等于50%的量的聚合物基料,和
-大于或等于35%,优选大于或等于40%且小于或等于53%,优选小于或等于50%的量的蜡,和
-以下量的表面活性剂:大于或等于1%,优选大于或等于2%且小于或等于8%,优选小于或等于6%,和/或
-大于或等于0.5%,优选大于或等于1%且小于或等于8%,优选小于或等于4%的量的其它组分,优选稳定剂;
-聚合物基料的每种组分具有大于20,000g/mol,优选大于30,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量,和/或
所述蜡的组分,优选所述蜡的每种组分,具有大于400g/mol且小于3,000g/mol,优选小于1,500g/mol的重均摩尔质量,和/或
所述表面活性剂的每种组分具有小于800g/mol,优选小于500g/mol的重均摩尔质量;
-粘合剂的聚合物基料包括选自聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸亚乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸的共聚物、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚缩醛、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲乙酮、树脂和它们的混合物,和/或
所述粘合剂的蜡包含选自以下的蜡或甚至由其组成:巴西棕榈蜡、石蜡、蜂蜡、聚乙烯蜡、微晶蜡、植物油、花生油、矿物油、甘油和它们的混合物,优选石蜡,和/或
粘合剂的表面活性剂包含选自以下的两亲组分或甚至由其组成:亚乙基双(硬脂酰胺)、硬脂精、棕榈酸、硬脂酸丁酯、硼酸、油酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸和它们的混合物;
-粘合剂的聚合物基料包含聚丙烯和聚乙烯的混合物,聚丙烯/聚乙烯重量比大于25/75且小于50/50,和/或
粘合剂的表面活性剂由选自亚乙基双(硬脂酰胺)、硬脂酸和它们的混合物的两亲组分组成。
本发明还涉及一种注塑成型组合物,其包含基于模塑组合物体积的30%至65%体积百分比的量的根据本发明的粘合剂,其余物质的大于90重量%为陶瓷粉末。
根据本发明的注塑成型组合物还可具有以下任选特征中的一种或多种:
-粘合剂的量大于或等于45%且小于或等于55%,以基于模塑组合物的体积的体积百分比计,和/或陶瓷粉末包含大于90重量%的氮化物和/或碳化物和/或氧化物;
-陶瓷粉末包含大于90重量%的氧化物,所述氧化物选自ZrO2、Y2O3、CeO2、CaO、MgO、锰氧化物、ZnO、镨氧化物、铜氧化物、BaO,铁氧化物、Sc2O3、TiO2、Al2O3、La2O3、Nd2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备烧结部件的方法,所述方法包括上述步骤A)至D),模塑组合物是根据本发明的。
定义
-“聚合物”通常用于指由相同或不同单体链组成的大分子,这些单体通过共价键相互连接。
-一种组分的“重均摩尔质量”,表示为Mw,通常用于指在样品中该组分所有链的摩尔质量的平均值,其通过在所述样品中每个长度的链的质量进行加权。Mi是链i的摩尔质量,Ni是质量为Mi的链数;重均摩尔质量等于:
Figure 362220DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
-“高密度聚乙烯”或HDPE通常用于指密度大于或等于930kg/m3且小于或等于970kg/m3的聚乙烯。
-当一种组分同时具有由一个或多个亲水基团组成的部分和由一个或多个疏水基团组成的部分时,它被称为“两亲性”。相反,称为“非两亲性”的组分缺乏亲水基团或疏水基团,或缺乏亲水基团和疏水基团。
-一种组分,特别是聚合物或粉末,当赋予它们一种或多种特定性质的一个或多个化学基团已经被修改(特别是通过添加和/或替换)时,被称为“功能化”。例如,二氧化硅粉末的颗粒可以通过硅烷的作用而功能化,导致所述颗粒的表面变得疏水。
-“陶瓷粉末”是由按重量计大于95%、优选大于98%、优选大于99%的颗粒组成的粉末,每个组成颗粒大于其重量的95%、优选大于98%、优选大于99%由陶瓷材料构成。所述颗粒可以具有相同或不相同的组成。
-“烧结”通常用于指通过通常在超过1,100℃的热处理使包含颗粒附聚物的预成型件固结。当热处理导致出现液体时,烧结可以在液相中进行,液体将允许使晶粒重新排列并在它们之间形成液桥,以便使它们彼此接触。当在热处理过程中在晶粒之间的焊接是在不产生液相的情况下进行时,烧结也可以在固相中进行。
-颗粒粉末的“中值粒径”,通常表示为D50,是指将该粉末的颗粒分成重量相等的第一和第二群体的尺寸,该第一和第二群体仅包含具有分别大于或小于该中值粒径的尺寸的颗粒。中值粒径可以例如使用激光粒度分析仪来评估。
-产品的“相对密度”是指表观密度除以绝对密度的比值,以百分比表示。
-产品的“表观密度”通常是指该产品的质量除以该产品所占体积的比值。它可以利用阿基米德浮力原理通过浸透来测量。
-产品的“绝对密度”通常用于指该产品的理论质量,不考虑所有孔隙。它可以从晶体学数据进行计算,或者例如也可以由在研磨到细度水平(使得基本上不保留闭孔)后测量的所述产品的干物质质量除以在研磨后该质量的体积的比率获得。因此它可以使用氦比重法进行测量。
除非另有说明,否则本说明书中的所有百分比均为重量百分比。
粘合剂和模塑组合物的所有特性都可以根据对于实施例所描述的方案进行测量。
除非另有说明,否则动词“包含”、“包括”和“具有”应被广义且非限制性地进行解释。
附图的简要说明
通过阅读以下详细描述和查看附图,本发明的其它特征和优点将变得更加清楚,其中
图1和图2描述了模塑组合物棒的安装(以测量在使用溶剂排胶或热排胶后的变形),和在排胶后的相同安装。
详细说明
用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂
用于根据本发明的注塑成型组合物的粘合剂可以通过常规制备方法进行制备,例如在环境温度下简单地混合组分(a)、(b)、任选的(c)和任选的(d)。
该混合也可以在生产模塑组合物期间进行。
组分(a)是聚合物基料并且占粘合剂重量的35%至60%。
优选地,聚合物基料的量大于或等于粘合剂重量的40%,优选大于或等于45%和/或小于或等于55%,优选小于或等于50%。
聚合物基料由非两亲聚合物或非两亲聚合物混合物组成,并且它们,与蜡的聚合物或聚合物混合物不同,各自具有大于或等于5,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量。
聚合物基料的每种组分优选具有大于8,000g/mol、优选大于10,000g/mol、优选大于20,000g/mol、优选大于30,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量。
特别地,聚合物基料优选包含聚合物,其优选构成在聚合物基料中SEBS的其余部分,其选自聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸亚乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚缩醛、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲基乙基酮、树脂,优选丙烯酸树脂,酮树脂和它们的混合物,以及它们的混合物。
优选地,构成在聚合物基料中的SEBS剩余部分的聚合物基料的聚合物选自聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸亚乙酯、聚氯乙烯、丙烯酸树脂和它们的混合物。
优选地,作为SEBS的剩余部分,聚合物基料包含聚丙烯和聚乙烯的混合物,优选由聚丙烯和聚乙烯的混合物组成,优选聚丙烯/聚乙烯的重量比大于25/75,优选大于30/70,并且小于50/50。聚乙烯优选为高密度聚乙烯。
根据本发明,基于粘合剂的重量,聚合物基料包含按重量百分比计2%至15%的SEBS。优选地,SEBS的含量大于或等于3%,优选大于或等于4%和/或小于或等于13%,优选小于或等于11%,甚至小于或等于9%,甚至小于或等于7%。
根据本发明,SEBS中的苯乙烯含量基于所述SEBS重量以重量百分比计大于15重量%。优选地,SEBS中的苯乙烯含量基于所述SEBS重量以重量百分比计大于20%,优选大于25%,和/或优选小于60%,优选小于58%。
还根据本发明,SEBS的重均摩尔质量大于100,000g/mol。优选地,SEBS的重均摩尔质量大于130,000g/mol,优选大于160,000g/mol,优选大于200,000g/mol,和/或优选小于400,000g/mol,优选小于350,000克/摩尔。
组分(b)是蜡并且占粘合剂重量的30%至55%。
优选地,蜡的量为粘合剂重量的大于或等于35%,优选地大于或等于40%,优选地大于或等于45%和/或小于或等于53%,优选地小于或等于50%。
蜡的组分,优选蜡的每种组分,优选具有小于4,000g/mol,优选小于3,000g/mol,优选小于2,000g/mol,优选小于1,500g/mol和/或大于400g/mol,优选大于500g/mol的重均摩尔质量。
特别地,该蜡可包含选自以下的聚合物,甚至由其组成:巴西棕榈蜡、石蜡、蜂蜡、聚乙烯蜡、微晶蜡、植物油、花生油、矿物油、甘油和它们的混合物,优选石蜡。
优选地,蜡由非两亲聚烯烃或非两亲聚烯烃的混合物组成,它们每种具有小于5,000g/mol,优选小于4,000g/mol,优选小于3,000g/mol,优选小于2,000g/mol,优选小于1,500g/mol和/或大于400g/mol,优选大于500g/mol的重均摩尔质量。
蜡的组分,特别是聚烯烃,可以或可以不被功能化。
蜡的熔点优选大于40℃,优选大于45℃和/或优选小于110℃,优选小于100℃,优选小于90℃。
组分(c)是表面活性剂并且占粘合剂重量的小于10%。
优选地,表面活性剂的量为粘合剂重量的大于或等于0.5%,优选大于或等于1%,优选大于或等于2%和/或小于或等于9%,优选小于或等于8%,优选小于或等于6%,优选小于或等于5%,优选小于或等于4%。
表面活性剂由两亲组分或两亲组分混合物组成。表面活性剂的每种两亲组分优选具有小于1,000g/mol、优选小于800g/mol、优选小于500g/mol的重均摩尔质量。
特别地,该表面活性剂包含选自以下的两亲组分或甚至由其组成:亚乙基双(硬脂酰胺)、硬脂精、棕榈酸、硬脂酸丁酯、硼酸、油酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸和它们的混合物,优选选自亚乙基双(硬脂酰胺)、硬脂酸和它们的混合物。
在一个实施方案中,表面活性剂包含硬脂酸和/或亚乙基双(硬脂酰胺),优选硬脂酸/亚乙基(双)硬脂酰胺的重量比大于0.8,优选大于0.9且小于1.2,优选小于1.1。
在优选的实施方案中,表面活性剂由选自亚乙基双(硬脂酰胺)、硬脂酸和它们的混合物的两亲组分组成;优选地,表面活性剂是硬脂酸。
其它组分(d)是除组分(a)、(b)或(c)之外的所有可选组分。他们占不到10%。
优选地,其它组分(d)中的超过80%,优选超过90%,优选超过92%,优选超过95%,优选超过97%,优选超过99%,优选超过99.5%,优选超过99.9%重量是有机组分。
优选地,其它组分(d)的量为粘合剂重量的小于或等于8%,优选小于或等于6%,优选小于或等于5%,优选小于或等于4%,优选小于或等于3%。
在一个实施方案中,其它组分(d)的量为粘合剂重量的大于或等于0.5%,优选大于或等于1%且小于或等于8%,优选小于或等于6%,优选小于或等于5%,优选小于或等于4%,优选小于或等于3%。
优选地,在该实施方案中,其它组分选自允许减缓、延迟或甚至消除粘合剂的组分(a)和/或(b)和/或(c)在热、光、水分和/或氧气的作用下的降解的化合物。这些组分通常被称为稳定剂。一种允许减缓、延迟甚至消除粘合剂的组分(a)和/或(b)和/或(c)在热作用下、光作用下、光作用下、氧的作用下的降解的稳定剂通常分别称为热稳定剂、光稳定剂或抗氧化剂。优选地所述稳定剂选自铝、锌、铅、钠、镉、镁、钙、钡的硬脂酸盐和它们的混合物,钡、镉、锡的月桂酸盐和它们的混合物,镁或钠的马来酸盐和它们的混合物,镁或钠的邻苯二甲酸盐和它们的混合物、镁或钠的环烷酸盐和它们的混合物、环氧化大豆油或环氧化蓖麻油和它们的混合物、脂肪胺、受阻酚化合物、有机亚磷酸酯、硫醇、丁基化羟基甲苯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚、季戊四醇四(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)和它们的混合物。优选地,稳定剂为季戊四醇四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)。加工稳定剂的存在,特别是用作抗氧化剂的组分的存在,有利地使得可以增加粘合剂的保质期。
在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的粘合剂以基于粘合剂的重量百分比计具有:
-大于或等于40%,优选大于或等于45%且小于或等于55%,优选小于或等于50%的量的聚合物基料,和
-大于或等于35%,优选大于或等于40%,优选大于或等于45%且小于或等于53%,优选小于或等于50%的量的蜡,和
-大于或等于0.5%,优选大于或等于1%,优选大于或等于2%且小于或等于9%,优选小于或等于8%,优选小于或等于6%,优选小于或等于5%,优选小于或等于4%的量的表面活性剂,和
-大于或等于0.5%、优选大于或等于1%且小于或等于8%、优选小于或等于6%、优选小于或等于5%,优选小于或等于4%,优选小于或等于3%的量的其它组分。
注塑成型组合物
根据本发明的注塑成型组合物可以通过常规制备方法进行制备,只要粘合剂是根据本发明的粘合剂即可。
粘合剂的量基于模塑组合物的体积以体积百分比计为30%-65%。
优选地,基于模塑组合物体积以体积百分比计,粘合剂的量大于或等于35%,优选地大于或等于40%,优选地大于或等于45%和/或小于或等于60%,优选地小于或等于55%。有利地,由此改进了在步骤D)结束时获得的烧结部件的均匀性并且由此促进了在步骤B)中进行的注塑成型。
至100%的余量优选地超过90%、优选超过95%、优选超过98%、优选超过99%、优选超过99.9%重量由陶瓷粉末组成。
优选地,陶瓷粉末包含按重量计超过90%、优选超过95%、优选超过98%、优选超过99%的氮化物和/或碳化物和/或氧化物.
优选地,所述一种或多种氮化物选自AlN、Si3N4、Si2ON2、BN、TiN、GaN和它们的混合物。
优选地,所述一种或多种碳化物选自TiC、TaC、SiC、WC、ZrC、B4C和它们的混合物。
优选地,所述一种或多种氧化物选自ZrO2、Y2O3、CeO2、CaO、MgO、Sc2O3、TiO2、Al2O3、La2O3、Nd2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物。
优选地,陶瓷粉末是包含按重量计大于90%、优选大于95%、优选大于98%、优选大于99%的氧化物的粉末,所述氧化物优选选自ZrO2、Y2O3、CeO2、CaO、MgO、锰氧化物、ZnO、镨氧化物、铜氧化物、BaO、铁氧化物、Sc2O3、TiO2、Al2O3、La2O3、Nd2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物,优选选自ZrO2、Y2O3、CeO2、Al2O3和它们的混合物。
在第一实施方案中,陶瓷粉末具有以下化学分析,以基于氧化物的重量百分比表示:
- 用CeO2和Y2O3部分稳定化的ZrO2:至100%的余量,
- Al2O3:3-22%
- CaO+以MnO形式表示的锰氧化物+ZnO+La2O3+以Pr6O11形式表示的镨氧化物+SrO+以CuO形式表示的铜氧化物+Nd2O3+BaO+以Fe2O3形式表示的铁氧化物:0.2-6%,
- 除ZrO2、Al2O3、Y2O3、CeO2、CaO、锰氧化物、ZnO、La2O3、镨氧化物、SrO、铜氧化物、Nd2O3、BaO、铁氧化物以外的氧化物:<2%,
其中CeO2和Y2O3的存在量使得,以基于ZrO2、CeO2和Y2O3总和的摩尔百分比计:
CeO2:2.5–6.5mol%和
Y2O3:0.5-2mol%,
条件是,如果Al2O3<10%,则必须满足以下公式(1):
CeO2>-0.57.Al2O3+8.2, (1)
其中CeO2以基于ZrO2、CeO2和Y2O3总和的摩尔百分比表示,并且Al2O3以基于产品重量的重量百分比表示,
在第二实施方案中,陶瓷粉末具有以下化学分析,以基于氧化物的重量百分比表示:
- 用CeO2和Y2O3部分稳定化的ZrO2:至100%的余量,
- Al2O3:10-60%
- CaO+以MnO形式表示的锰氧化物+ZnO+La2O3+以Pr6O11形式表示的镨氧化物+SrO+以CuO形式表示的铜氧化物+Nd2O3+BaO+以Fe2O3形式表示的铁氧化物:0.2-6%,
- CaO≤2%
- 除ZrO2、Al2O3、Y2O3、CeO2、CaO、锰氧化物、ZnO、La2O3、镨氧化物、SrO、铜氧化物、Nd2O3、BaO、铁氧化物以外的氧化物:<2%,
其中CeO2和Y2O3的存在量使得,以基于ZrO2、CeO2和Y2O3总和的摩尔百分比计,
CeO2:6-11mol%和
Y2O3:0.5-2mol%。
优选地,陶瓷粉末具有小于2μm、优选小于1μm、优选小于0.8μm、优选小于0.6μm、优选小于0.5μm、优选小于0.4μm的中值粒径。
还更优选地,陶瓷粉末具有小于1.5%,优选小于1%,优选小于0.5%的含水量。
实施例
以下非限制性实施例出于说明本发明的目的而给出。
测量工序
组分的重均摩尔质量根据标准ISO16014-4,在由Malvern Panalytical公司出售的Viscotek HT-GPC设备上通过尺寸排阻色谱法进行测定,该设备配备有由PSS-Polymer公司出售的PSS-聚烯烃组合介质柱。
在测量期间,色谱柱和Viscotek HT-GPC检测器的温度等于150℃。
对于每种要确定其摩尔质量的组分,按以下方式制备溶液:将所述组分引入1,2,4-三氯苯(溶剂)中以获得等于5mg/cm3的所述组分的浓度。在此步骤中,溶剂保持在等于150℃的温度,并且在不搅拌的情况下将组分引入溶剂中,溶解时间等于1小时。随后以等于200mg/l溶液的量添加2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,以防止组分降解。溶液的温度保持在150℃直至测量。
每种溶液以等于1ml/min的流速被注入。
对于除SEBS之外的所有组分,色谱柱的校准使用由PSS-Polymer公司销售的PSS-pekit聚乙烯标准品进行实施。对于SEBS,色谱柱的校准使用PSS-Polymer销售的高温PSS-pskitr10ht聚苯乙烯标准品进行实施。
由Malvern Panalytical公司出售的Omnisec Software软件用于数据的处理和重均摩尔质量的测量。
对于每个组分,重均摩尔质量是三个测量值的算术平均值。
SEBS的苯乙烯含量根据以下方法通过质子核磁共振(NMR)光谱进行测定。在环境温度下以等于60mg/ml氯仿的量将SEBS引入氯仿中。随后使用振动搅拌器板将混合物搅拌5分钟。该混合物随后通过质子NMR在等于500Hz的旋转频率下在平均124个测量点进行分析。获得的NMR谱允许确定苯乙烯的重量含量,以基于SEBS重量的重量百分比表示。
以下测量方法允许很好地模拟该烧结部件的制备过程中的实际行为。
按以下方式测量使用溶剂排胶后的变形:
将粘合剂和Saint-Gobain Zirpro出售的CZ3Y粉末引入由Thermo FisherScientific出售的Haake Rheomix混合器中。基于粘合剂和CY3Z粉末的总体积,粘合剂的量和CY3Z粉末的量分别等于50体积%。随后将粘合剂和CY3Z粉末以等于30rpm的速率混合45分钟,将混合器中的温度升至180℃,将混合物在该温度下保持10分钟以获得注塑成型组合物。冷却后,将硬化的注塑成型组合物研磨以穿过开口等于2mm的筛网中的方孔,以使其呈颗粒形式。随后使用由Martiplast公司出售的babyplast注塑机,在等于100巴的压力下,在注射螺杆中测得的等于170℃的温度下,将由此获得的注塑成型组合物注射到温度等于40℃的棒模中并成型,以便在脱模后获得尺寸等于75毫米×13毫米×2毫米的棒材。为每种待表征的模塑组合物生产5个棒材。
如图1所示,每个棒材10的一端随后被插入到氧化铝支撑件12中等于5mm的长度。因此每个棒材具有等于70mm的悬伸长度d。随后将杆-支撑件组件放置在金属网格上,然后将整体放置在玻璃容器中,将所述玻璃容器布置在温控在环境温度的加热浴中。随后将异丙醇引入玻璃容器中以完全覆盖所述棒材。随后封闭玻璃容器。随后借助温控加热浴的作用使异丙醇达到等于60℃的温度。该温度保持24小时,同时注意确保异丙醇在整个这段时间内完全覆盖棒材。随后关闭温控加热浴,当异丙醇的温度达到55℃时,将其从玻璃容器中排出。随后打开玻璃容器,回收棒-支撑件组件并随后在环境温度下干燥24小时,在此期间杆保持插入支撑件中。
棒的变形随后通过下垂度F测量,如图2中所述。对于每个测试的模塑组合物产生5个棒材的变形的平均值。
按以下方式测量在热排胶后的变形:
棒材是根据与上面对于测量在使用溶剂排胶过程中的变形所描述的工序相同的制备工序生产的。对于每种待表征的模塑组合物生产5个棒材。
然后将棒材平放在有网孔的金属网格上,并将整体布置在玻璃容器中,所述玻璃容器布置在温控在环境温度下的加热浴中。随后将异丙醇引入玻璃容器中以完全覆盖棒材。随后封闭玻璃容器。随后借助温控加热浴的作用使异丙醇达到等于60℃的温度。该温度保持24小时,同时注意确保异丙醇在整个这段时间内完全覆盖棒材。随后关闭温控加热浴,当异丙醇的温度达到55℃时,将其从玻璃容器中排出。随后打开玻璃容器,回收棒材并随后在环境温度下干燥24小时。该程序允许在使用溶剂排胶后获得不变形的棒材。
如图1所示,每个棒材10的一端随后被插入到氧化铝支撑件12中直至等于15mm的长度。因此每个棒材具有等于60mm的悬空长度d。随后将棒材-支撑件组件放入电烤箱中并进行以下热排胶周期:
-以等于30℃/h的速率从环境温度升至150℃,
-以等于15℃/h的速率从150℃升至350℃,
-在350℃保持3小时,
-以等于9℃/h的速率从350℃升至550℃,
-在550℃保持1小时,
-以等于180℃/h的速率从550℃升至820℃,
-以等于150℃/h的速率从820℃升至1,000℃,
-降至环境温度。
热排胶后棒材的变形随后通过如图2中所述的下垂度F进行度量。对于测试的每种模塑组合物获得5个棒材的变形的平均值。
制备工序
待测试的模塑组合物棒材借助于对于制备在使用溶剂排胶过程中和在热排胶过程中测量变形所需的棒材所描述的方法进行生产。
以下产品用于不同的粘合剂组合物:
-重均摩尔质量等于135,060g/mol的聚丙烯粉末,所述粉末具有等于1mm的中值粒径,
-重均摩尔质量等于38,000g/mol的高密度聚乙烯粉末,所述粉末的中值粒径等于1mm,
-由Kraton公司出售的SEBS Kraton® A1535 H粉末,具有等于56%的苯乙烯重量含量和等于236,350g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-由Kraton公司出售的SEBS Kraton® G1650 E粉末,具有等于30%的苯乙烯重量含量和等于80,230g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-由Kraton公司出售的SEBS Kraton® G1657 V粉末,具有等于13%的苯乙烯重量含量和等于110,610g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-SEBS粉末,其具有等于21%的苯乙烯重量含量和等于108,660g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-石蜡粉末,其具有等于577g/mol的重均摩尔质量、等于55℃的熔点,所述粉末具有等于1mm的中值粒径,
-由Lucite International公司出售的Elvacite® 2045丙烯酸树脂粉末,其具有等于127,340g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-由Sigma-Aldrich公司出售的纯度大于98重量%的硬脂酸粉末,
-由Sigma-Aldrich公司出售的Irganox 1010抗氧化剂粉末。
实施例中使用的粘合剂的组成以及对模塑组合物进行的表征描述于下表1中,其中在烧结后实施例1至9的产品的绝对密度固定在6.095g/cm3,所述烧结在已如前所述使用溶剂排胶和热排胶的棒材上进行,随后是根据以下热周期在电烘箱中烧结:
-以等于100℃/h的速率从环境温度升至500℃,
-在500℃保持2小时,
-以等于100℃/h的速率从500℃升至1,450℃,
-在1,450℃保持2小时,
-降至环境温度。
Figure 653524DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
比较例1和根据本发明的实施例2的比较显示了在粘合剂中以所要求保护的量存在SEBS对在使用溶剂排胶后的变形和在烧结后的相对密度的关键影响。
根据本发明的实施例2和使用包含重均摩尔质量低于本发明主题的SEBS的粘合剂获得的比较例3的比较显示了,重均摩尔质量大于100,000g/mol的SEBS对在使用溶剂排胶后的变形、在热排胶之后的变形,以及在烧结之后的相对密度的关键影响。
根据本发明的实施例2和使用与本发明相比包含过低量苯乙烯的SEBS的粘合剂获得的比较例4的比较显示了,具有大于15%的苯乙烯重量含量的SEBS对在使用溶剂排胶后的变形的关键影响,以基于所述SEBS重量的重量百分比计。
根据本发明的实施例2和使用与本发明有比包含过低量SEBS的粘合剂获得的比较例5的比较显示了在粘合剂中2%的最小含量的SEBS对烧结后的相对密度的关键影响:未测定实施例5的相对密度,因为该实施例具有不可接受的裂纹。
根据本发明的实施例2和使用与本发明有比含有过多量SEBS的粘合剂获得的比较例6的比较显示了在粘合剂中为15%的SEBS最大含量对在使用溶剂排胶后的变形和在烧结后的相对密度的关键影响。
实施例7、8和9也说明了本发明及其优点。
如现在清楚显示的那样,本发明使得可以在步骤C)中限制预成型件的变形同时产生具有高的相对密度的烧结部件。
当然,本发明不限于所描述的实施方式,这些实施方式仅出于说明的目的而提供。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于注塑成型组合物的粘合剂,所述粘合剂由以下物质组成,以重量百分比计且总计100%:
- 35%至60%的组分(a)或“聚合物基料”,其由聚合物或聚合物混合物组成,所述聚合物每种是非两亲性的并且具有大于或等于5,000克/摩尔的重均摩尔质量,
- 30%至55%的组分(b)或“蜡”,其由聚合物或聚合物混合物组成,所述聚合物每种是非两亲性的并且具有小于5,000克/摩尔的重均摩尔质量,和
- 少于10%的两亲组分(c)或“表面活性剂”,和
- 少于10%的其它组分(d),
其中以基于粘合剂重量的重量百分比计,聚合物基料包含2%至15%的苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物或“SEBS”,以基于所述SEBS重量的重量百分比计,在SEBS中苯乙烯的重量含量大于15%,所述SEBS的重均摩尔质量大于100,000g/mol。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其中以基于粘合剂重量的重量百分比计,SEBS的含量大于或等于4%且小于或等于13%。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,其中以基于所述SEBS重量的重量百分比计,在SEBS中的苯乙烯含量大于20%且小于60%。
4.根据紧邻前一项权利要求所述的粘合剂,其中以基于所述SEBS重量的重量百分比计,在SEBS中的苯乙烯含量大于25%。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,其中SEBS的重均摩尔质量大于160,000g/mol且小于400,000g/mol。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,其中表面活性剂的量大于或等于0.5%。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,以基于粘合剂的重量百分比计,其具有:
- 大于或等于40%且小于或等于55%的量的聚合物基料,和
- 大于或等于35%且小于或等于53%的量的蜡,和
- 大于或等于1%且小于或等于8%的量的表面活性剂,和
- 大于或等于0.5%且小于或等于8%的量的其它组分,优选稳定剂。
8.根据紧邻前一项权利要求所述的粘合剂,以基于粘合剂的重量百分比计,其具有:
- 大于或等于45%且小于或等于50%的量的聚合物基料,和
- 大于或等于40%且小于或等于50%的量的蜡,和
- 大于或等于2%且小于或等于6%的量的表面活性剂,和
- 大于或等于1%且小于或等于4%的量的其它组分,优选稳定剂。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,其具有至少一个以下特征:
-聚合物基料的每种组分具有大于20,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-蜡的组分,优选蜡的每种组分,具有大于400g/mol且小于3,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-表面活性剂的每种组分具有小于800g/mol的重均摩尔质量。
10.根据紧邻前一项权利要求所述的粘合剂,其具有至少一个以下特征:
-聚合物基料的每种组分具有大于30,000g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-蜡的组分,优选蜡的每种组分,具有小于1,500g/mol的重均摩尔质量,
-表面活性剂的每种组分具有小于500g/mol的重均摩尔质量。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,其具有至少一个以下特征:
-聚合物基料包含选自以下的聚合物:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸亚乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚缩醛、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲乙酮、树脂和它们的混合物,
-蜡包含选自以下的蜡,甚至由其组成:巴西棕榈蜡、石蜡、蜂蜡、聚乙烯蜡、微晶蜡、植物油、花生油、矿物油、甘油和它们的混合物,优选石蜡,
-表面活性剂包含选自以下的两亲组分,甚至由其组成:亚乙基-双(硬脂酰胺)、硬脂精、棕榈酸、硬脂酸丁酯、硼酸、油酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸和它们的混合物。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,其具有至少一个以下特征:
-聚合物基料包含聚丙烯和聚乙烯的混合物,其中聚丙烯/聚乙烯重量比大于25/75且小于50/50,
-表面活性剂由选自亚乙基-双(硬脂酰胺)、硬脂酸和它们的混合物的两亲组分组成。
13.一种注塑成型组合物,以基于模塑组合物体积的体积百分比计,其包含30%至65%的根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的粘合剂,余量的大于90重量%为陶瓷粉末。
14.根据紧邻前一项权利要求所述的模塑组合物,其具有至少一个以下特征:
-粘合剂的量大于或等于45%且小于或等于55%,以基于模塑组合物体积的体积百分比计,
-陶瓷粉末包含大于90重量%的氮化物和/或碳化物和/或氧化物。
15.根据紧邻前一项权利要求所述的模塑组合物,其中所述氧化物选自ZrO2、Y2O3、CeO2、CaO、MgO、锰氧化物、ZnO、镨氧化物、铜氧化物、BaO、铁氧化物、Sc2O3、TiO2、Al2O3、La2O3、Nd2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物。
16.一种烧结件的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
A)生产模塑组合物,
B)使所述模塑组合物注塑成型以获得预成型件,
C)使所述预成型件至少部分排胶,
D)使至少部分排胶的预成型件烧结以获得烧结部件,
其中模塑组合物是根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的模塑组合物。
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