CN115594845B - 一种绿色路径合成聚多巴胺荧光探针的方法及其在Hg2+选择性检测中的应用 - Google Patents
一种绿色路径合成聚多巴胺荧光探针的方法及其在Hg2+选择性检测中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种绿色路径合成聚多巴胺荧光探针的方法及其在Hg2+选择性检测中的应用。本发明聚多巴胺荧光探针具有很好的水分散性,聚多巴胺纳米粒子的粒径约1.9±0.3nm,探针对Hg2+具有很好的响应性,响应时间约5秒。本发明建立了探针荧光猝灭强度与Hg2+浓度之间对应的线性关系[F0‑F]/F0=0.1204CHg(Ⅱ)‑0.0918,R2=0.9934,其线性范围为0~8μM,检出限为35nM,可用于定量分析。除此之外,该探针合成简单,稳定性好,能够长期保存使用,此外,本发明还研发了便携式Hg2+检测试纸,可实现简便、快速、可视化检测汞离子的目的,有利于商业化推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学检测技术领域,尤其涉及一种绿色路径合成聚多巴胺荧光探针的方法及其在Hg2+选择性检测中的应用。
背景技术
近些年来随着对环境污染问题的持续关注,环境中重金属离子的检测显得尤为重要。以汞离子为例,汞会通过皮肤接触、饮食或呼吸等方式进入人体,一旦与人体中的蛋白、酶等发生相互作用就会使人体正常功能受到破坏,汞过量时,人体的神经系统,免疫系统等都会遭到较大的损害。因此对环境和生物样品中微量Hg2+的检测一直备受关注。
当前,对汞离子的检测方法主要包括:电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收-发射光谱法、电化学方法、分光光度法等。与之相比,荧光光谱法因具有灵敏度高、选择性好、响应快、易操作等优点而应用广泛。荧光光谱法用于Hg2+离子的检测,其关键在于设计对其具有选择性响应的荧光探针,目前绝大多数荧光探针都是通过高温高压水热法合成的,设计一种可在室温常压下绿色路径合成的,对Hg2+有选择性响应的荧光探针具有很重要的意义。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的问题,本发明提出了一种室温常压绿色路径合成聚多巴胺荧光探针的方法及其在Hg2+选择性检测中的应用。本发明的聚多巴胺荧光探针对汞离子具有快的响应性,高的选择性检测能力,有利于商业化的推广应用,此外,本发明制备的聚多巴胺荧光探针能够长期保存使用,且合成简单。
本发明室温常压下合成聚多巴胺荧光探针的方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将叶酸溶于超纯水中,搅拌均匀至呈现出黄色悬浮液;
S2:向上述S1溶液中加入多巴胺粉末,室温下搅拌反应得到黄色悬浮液;
S3:向上述S2中加入碱性三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液,室温搅拌反应;
S4:将上述S3获得的反应液过针式过滤器,然后透析,收集透析袋中的液体进行冷冻干燥,即得到聚多巴胺荧光探针粉末,将其重新溶于水中分散即可使用。
优选地,步骤S1中,叶酸的浓度为0.15-0.75mg/mL,搅拌时间6-12小时。
优选地,步骤S2中,叶酸与多巴胺的质量比为0.2-5:1,室温搅拌时间6-24小时。
优选地,步骤S3中,反应背景液三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液的浓度为10-100mmol/L,溶液pH值8.0-9.0,加入的体积为步骤S2溶液体积的1-3倍;反应条件:室温反应时间6-48 小时。
优选地,步骤S4中,反应液过0.22μm针式过滤器,然后用截留分子量为500道尔顿的透析袋,透析时间12-24小时,每隔3-4小时换水一次;冷冻干燥的条件为:真空度30-40Pa,温度-20~-40℃,时间30-50小时。
本发明聚多巴胺荧光探针的应用,是在Hg2+的选择性检测中作为检测试剂使用。
具体是将聚多巴胺荧光探针粉末分散在超纯水中,制备荧光探针分散溶液;取2mL浓度为10μg/mL的探针溶液放置于荧光检测的比色皿中,向探针溶液中分别加入汞离子标准溶液,浓度依次为0.0,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,10.0和12μM,在360nm的紫外光激发下,进行荧光分析检测,建立汞离子浓度与荧光(446nm处)猝灭强度之间的线性关系,以标准曲线为依据实现对Hg2+的定量检测。
本发明聚多巴胺荧光探针对Hg2+具有很好的响应性,响应时间约5秒。本发明建立了探针荧光猝灭强度与Hg2+浓度之间对应的线性关系[F0-F]/F0=0.1204CHg(Ⅱ)-0.0918,R2=0.9934,其线性范围为0~8μM,检出限为35nM,可用于定量分析。除此之外,该探针合成简单,稳定性好,能够长期保存使用,本发明研发了便携式汞离子检测试纸,实现了简便、快速、可视化检测Hg2+的目的,有利于商业化的推广应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的聚多巴胺荧光探针在(A)日光和(B)365nm紫外光照下的图片;
图2为本发明提出的聚多巴胺纳米粒子的透射电镜图片;
图3为本发明提出的聚多巴胺荧光探针的荧光稳定性图片;
图4为本发明提出的聚多巴胺荧光探针对Hg2+响应的荧光光谱图;
图5为本发明提出的荧光猝灭强度与Hg2+浓度之间的线性关系图;
图6为本发明提出的聚多巴胺荧光探针与Hg2+的选择性荧光谱图;
图7为本发明的可视化Hg2+检测试纸,随Hg2+溶液浓度增加,Hg2+传感器荧光逐渐变弱。
具体实施方法
下述实施例是对于本发明内容的进一步说明以作为对本发明技术内容的阐释,但本发明的实质内容并不仅限于下述实施例所述,本领域的普通技术人员可以且应当知晓任何基于本发明实质精神的简单变化或替换均应属于本发明所要求的保护范围。
实施例1:聚多巴胺荧光探针的制备
准确称量0.15mg叶酸溶于50mL超纯水中,搅拌6小时,至呈现出均匀的黄色悬浮液,然后向溶液中加入0.15mg多巴胺粉末,室温搅拌反应12小时得到黄色悬浮液,再向混合液中加入50mL,50mM三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液,pH=8.5,室温搅拌反应24小时后反应液过针式过滤器去除大颗粒,然后用截留分子量为500道尔顿的透析袋透析12小时,收集透析袋中的液体进行冷冻干燥,即得到聚多巴胺荧光探针粉末,将其重新溶于超纯水中分散制备10μg/mL的探针分散液即可使用。
取实施例1制得的聚多巴胺荧光探针分散液,其在日光和365nm紫外光下的荧光图片如图1所示。该聚多巴胺纳米粒子的透射电镜图片如图2所示,纳米粒子的粒径约1.9±0.3nm,该荧光探针溶液在365nm紫外灯连续照射60分钟,荧光强度基本没有变化,如图3所示,说明本发明聚多巴胺荧光探针具有很好的荧光稳定性,该条件下制备得到的聚多巴胺荧光探针的荧光量子产率为:6.75%。
实施例2:聚多巴胺荧光探针的制备
准确称取0.45mg叶酸溶于50mL超纯水中,搅拌均匀至呈现出黄色悬浮液,然后向溶液中加入0.15mg多巴胺粉末,室温搅拌反应24小时得到黄色悬浮液,再向混合液中加入50mL,50mM三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液,pH=8.5,室温搅拌反应24小时后反应液过针式过滤器去除大颗粒,然后用截留分子量为500道尔顿的透析袋透析12小时,收集透析袋中的液体进行冷冻干燥,即得到聚多巴胺荧光探针粉末,将其重新溶于超纯水中分散制备10 μg/mL的探针分散液即可使用,该条件下制备得到的聚多巴胺荧光探针的荧光量子产率为:1.65%。
实施例3:聚多巴胺荧光探针的制备
准确称取0.15mg叶酸溶于50mL超纯水中,搅拌均匀至呈现出黄色悬浮液,然后向溶液中加入0.45mg多巴胺粉末,室温搅拌反应24小时得到黄色悬浮液,再向混合液中加入50 mL,50mM三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液,pH=8.5,室温搅拌反应24小时后反应液过针式过滤器去除大颗粒,然后用截留分子量为500道尔顿的透析袋透析12小时,收集透析袋中的液体进行冷冻干燥,即得到聚多巴胺荧光探针粉末,将其重新溶于超纯水中分散制备10μg/mL 的探针分散液即可使用,该条件下制备得到的聚多巴胺荧光探针的荧光量子产率为:4.75%。
实施例4:聚多巴胺荧光探针对Hg2+的响应性研究
将实施例1中合成的聚多巴胺荧光探针粉末分散在超纯水中,制成浓度为10μg/mL的荧光探针分散溶液,向其中依次加入Hg2+的标准溶液(0.0,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0, 8.0,9.0,10.0,12.0μM),随着Hg2+浓度的增加,荧光强度的逐渐降低,荧光光谱响应过程如图4所示。荧光猝灭强度与Hg2+浓度之间的线性关系为,[F0-F]/F0=0.1204CHg(Ⅱ)-0.0918,R2=0.9934,其线性范围为0~8μM,检出限为35nM,如图5,以此线性关系为依据,可实现对Hg2+的定量检测。
实施例5:聚多巴胺荧光探针对Hg2+的选择性响应研究
将相同浓度的聚多巴胺荧光探针与分别与50μM,17种金属离子,主要是:钠离子、钾离子、钙离子、镁离子、锰离子、铁离子、钴离子、镍离子、锌离子、镉离子、铝离子、钡离子、铬离子、铜离子、镓离子、锶离子以及汞离子混合,然后检测其在360nm激发光下, 446nm处的荧光信号,结果发现除Hg2+外都不能引起探针荧光强度的明显变化,说明这些金属离子对该荧光探针无响应性,该探针对Hg2+具有很高的选择性如图6所示。
实施例6:对Hg2+的可视化检测
首先利用打孔器将聚酯滤纸制备成直径为0.6mm的圆形纸片,然后将实施例1中合成的聚多巴胺荧光探针溶液滴加到圆形滤纸上,每次2μL,每次间隔2min左右,重复3-5次,然后自然晾干,即可得到在365nm紫外灯照射下呈现出蓝色荧光的试纸探针。对Hg2+可视化检测是将含有不同浓度的Hg2+溶液滴加到滤纸探针上,如图7所示,随着Hg2+溶液浓度的增加荧光强度逐渐变弱直至完全猝灭,说明该试纸探针能用于Hg2+可视化检测。
Claims (7)
1.一种绿色路径合成聚多巴胺荧光探针的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
S1:将叶酸溶于超纯水中,搅拌均匀至呈现出黄色悬浮液;
S2:向上述S1溶液中加入多巴胺粉末,室温下搅拌反应得到黄色悬浮液;
S3:向上述S2中加入碱性三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液,室温搅拌反应;
S4:将上述S3获得的反应液过针式过滤器,然后透析,收集透析袋中的液体进行冷冻干燥,即得到聚多巴胺荧光探针粉末,将其重新溶于水中分散即可使用;
步骤S2中,叶酸与多巴胺的质量比为0.2-5:1,室温搅拌时间6-24 小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
步骤S3中,反应背景液三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液的浓度为10-100 mmol/L,溶液pH值8.0-9.0,加入的体积为步骤S2溶液体积的1-3倍;反应条件:室温反应时间6-48小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
步骤S4中,反应液过0.22 μm针式过滤器,然后用截留分子量为500道尔顿的透析袋,透析时间12-24小时,每隔3-4小时换水一次。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
步骤S4中,冷冻干燥的条件为:真空度30-40Pa,温度-20~-40℃,时间30-50小时。
5.一种聚多巴胺荧光探针,是根据权利要求1-4中任一项方法制备获得。
6.一种权利要求5所述聚多巴胺荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:
所述聚多巴胺荧光探针在Hg2+的选择性检测中作为检测试剂使用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述检测试剂在检测Hg2+时的检出限为35 nM。
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