CN115590017B - 一种通过降低线粒体温度提高卵母细胞冷冻效果的方法 - Google Patents
一种通过降低线粒体温度提高卵母细胞冷冻效果的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过降低线粒体温度提高卵母细胞冷冻效果的方法,属于卵母细胞冷冻技术领域。本发明在卵母细胞冷冻前采用含二甲双胍的培养液进行预处理;然后将预处理后的卵母细胞置于20%乙二醇溶液中进行平衡处理,再置于玻璃化冷冻液中进行冷冻,并投入液氮冷冻保存。本发明的方法可有效降低猪卵母细胞线粒体温度,降低细胞膜流动性,且不影响孤雌激活后胚胎发育,可恢复解冻后卵母细胞线粒体温度,有效改善解冻存活率,提高冷冻卵母细胞利用效率,具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于卵母细胞冷冻技术领域,特别是涉及一种通过降低线粒体温度提高卵母细胞冷冻效果的方法。
背景技术
猪成熟卵母细胞冷冻对种质资源库建立及生物医学研究均具有重要意义。目前,猪卵母细胞冷冻存活率较低,不同实验室冻存效率差异较大(10%-70%),冷冻效率无法满足生产需要,仍停留在科研阶段,亟需开发有效的超低温保存方法。
近年来,人们发现脂肪颗粒(Lipid Droplets,LDS,脂肪以颗粒形式存在)的大量沉积可造成卵母细胞抗冻性降低。不同物种卵母细胞脂滴含量不同,例如猪卵母细胞中的平均脂肪含量为161ng,将近是羊卵母细胞(89ng)的2倍,牛卵母细胞(63ng)的3倍,小鼠(4ng)和人卵母细胞的40倍。在恒温动物中,细胞线粒体的产能一部分以ATP的形式参与细胞代谢,另一部分则以热能的形式释放来维持细胞的温度。当线粒体呼吸链负荷运转时,线粒体的温度可达50℃左右,这也意味着利用超低温冷冻技术进行冷冻时,对线粒体的损伤要远远大于其它细胞器。
二甲双胍是2型糖尿病的一线治疗药物,可通过增加外周组织,如肝脏及骨骼肌的葡萄糖吸收以维持葡萄糖稳态,因此广泛应用于胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病的治疗中。体内实验发现二甲双胍可逆转高脂饮食小鼠的超重、高糖、高脂及葡萄糖不耐受性。二甲双胍对卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响及其在冷冻技术的应用尚未见报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种能够有效降低线粒体温度的化合物,并评估其在卵母细胞冷冻中的作用,以期降低冷冻解冻过程中剧烈温度变化对线粒体的损伤,从而提高解冻后卵母细胞质量。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明目的之一是提供一种通过降低线粒体温度提高卵母细胞冷冻效果的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)卵母细胞冷冻前采用培养液进行预处理,所述培养液含二甲双胍;
(2)将预处理后的卵母细胞置于20%乙二醇(EG)溶液中进行平衡处理,然后置于玻璃化冷冻液中进行冷冻,然后将卵母细胞置于Cryotop载杆前端,每根Cryotop可冷冻10-20枚卵母细胞(根据操作人员熟练程度进行调整)投入液氮冷冻保存。
进一步地,所述卵母细胞的制备过程,包括如下步骤:
采集卵巢表面直径3~8mm卵泡中的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs),用TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液清洗三次,再在体外成熟液中成熟培养42~44h至MⅡ期;成熟的COCs移入含0.1%透明质酸酶的H199液中迅速消化,除去颗粒细胞获得体外成熟的卵母细胞。
其中,体外成熟液为含2.78mM D-葡萄糖,0.91mM丙酮酸钠,0.57mM半胱氨酸,50mg/mL链霉素,75mg/mL青霉素,10%猪卵泡液(从猪卵巢卵泡内吸取的液体),0.01U/mL促卵泡激素(FSH),0.01U/mL促黄体生成素(LH),10ng/mL表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)的TCM-199液。
H199液为含0.01M 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES),0.01M 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸钠盐(HEPES-NA),5mM NaHCO3,50mg/mL链霉素,65mg/mL青霉素的TCM-199液。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述培养液为Tyrode's lactate(TL)-HEPES-0.3%BSA液。
TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液含6.662g/L NaCl,0.238g/L KCl,0.168g/L NaHCO3,0.046g/L KH2PO4,2.383g/L HEPES,0.022g/L丙酮酸钠,1.121g/L乳酸钠,2.186g/L山梨醇,0.01g/L链霉素,0.05g/L青霉素,0.102g/L MgCl2·6H2O,0.294g/L CaCl2·2H2O,3g/LBSA。
进一步地,所述培养液含有400μM二甲双胍。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述预处理的时间为1h。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述平衡处理的时间为3min。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述玻璃化冷冻液为EDFS40,所述冷冻的时间为30~40s。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明通过二甲双胍降低线粒体温度,从而提高卵母细胞冷冻效果,其中,二甲双胍可显著降低卵母细胞线粒体温度,降低细胞膜流动性,且不影响卵母细胞发育能力。冷冻前经二甲双胍预处理可改善解冻后卵母细胞脂滴超微结构,有助于线粒体温度恢复,提高解冻后存活率,有效提高冷冻卵母细胞利用率,对卵母细胞冷冻保存效率的提高具有重要意义和广泛应用前景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为不同浓度二甲双胍处理对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响,A图为线粒体温度探针MTY荧光染色图,B图为荧光强度比较;
图2为二甲双胍对猪卵母细胞发育的影响,A图为卵母细胞成熟及孤雌胚胎发育图,B、C图为对照组与二甲双胍处理组卵裂率及囊胚发育率比较;
图3为二甲双胍处理对猪卵母细胞质膜流动性的影响,A图为质膜漂白后荧光在不同时间的恢复情况,B图为质膜漂白后荧光强度随时间的变化情况;
图4为二甲双胍对猪冷冻卵母细胞存活的影响,A为新鲜卵母细胞FDA染色;B为常规冷冻解冻卵母细胞FDA染色;C为二甲双胍预处理后冷冻解冻卵母细胞FDA染色;
图5为二甲双胍对解冻卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响,A图为解冻卵母细胞中MTY探针荧光染色,B图为对照组、冷冻组、二甲双胍预处理冷冻组MTY荧光强度比较;
图6为二甲双胍对解冻卵母细胞脂滴超微结构的影响,A为新鲜卵母细胞;B为常规冷冻解冻卵母细胞;C为二甲双胍预处理后冷冻解冻卵母细胞;
图7为不同浓度鱼藤酮处理对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响,A图为经不同浓度鱼藤酮处理的卵母细胞MTY荧光染色;B图为不同组别卵母细胞MTY荧光强度比较;
图8为鱼藤酮处理对猪卵母细胞发育的影响,A图为不同组别卵母细胞体外成熟、卵裂及囊胚图片;B、C图为对照组及鱼藤酮处理组卵裂率及囊胚率比较;
图9为不同浓度寡霉素处理对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响,A图为经不同浓度寡霉素处理的卵母细胞MTY染色;B图为不同组别卵母细胞MTY荧光强度比较;
图10为不同浓度寡霉素处理对猪卵母细胞发育的影响,A图为经不同浓度寡霉素处理的卵母细胞成熟、卵裂及囊胚发育图;B、C图为不同处理组卵裂率及囊胚率比较;
图11为寡霉素处理对猪冷冻卵母细胞存活的影响,A为新鲜卵母细胞FDA染色;B为常规冷冻解冻卵母细胞FDA染色;C为寡霉素处理后冷冻解冻卵母细胞FDA染色;
图12为不同浓度UK5099处理对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响,A图为经不同浓度UK5099处理的卵母细胞MTY染色;B图为不同组别卵母细胞MTY荧光强度比较;
图13为不同浓度UK5099处理对猪卵母细胞发育的影响,A图为经不同浓度UK5099处理的卵母细胞成熟、卵裂及囊胚发育图;B、C图为不同处理组卵裂率及囊胚率比较;
图14为UK5099处理对猪冷冻卵母细胞存活的影响,A为新鲜卵母细胞FDA染色;B为常规冷冻解冻卵母细胞FDA染色;C为UK5099预处理后冷冻解冻卵母细胞FDA染色。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
以下实施例中,卵母细胞的制备过程为:
从屠宰场收集新鲜卵巢(均来自青年母猪),于30~37℃下0.9%(m/v)NaCl溶液(含75μg/mL青霉素G、50μg/mL链霉素)中2h内带回实验室,采集卵巢表面直径3~8mm卵泡中的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs),用TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA洗3次,挑选有卵丘细胞3层以上且胞质均匀的COCs置于四孔板(Nunc,Denmark,Φ60mm)中培养。在5%CO2的空气、38.5℃、饱和湿度的二氧化碳培养箱(Thermo Electron Corporation,USA)中,置于体外成熟液中成熟培养42~44h至MⅡ期。成熟的COCs移入含0.1%透明质酸酶的H199液(含0.01M HEPES,0.01M HEPES-NA,5mM NaHCO3,50mg/mL链霉素,65mg/mL青霉素的TCM-199液)中迅速消化,除去颗粒细胞获得体外成熟的卵母细胞。
实施例1
1、二甲双胍预处理:
将卵母细胞分别置于含100μM、200μM、400μM、800μM二甲双胍的培养液中预处理1h;
培养液是TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA,其中含有400μM二甲双胍。
(1)卵母细胞线粒体温度检测
在TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液中添加100nM Mito Thermo Yellow染料并在37℃,5%CO2培养箱预热15min,将卵母细胞移入预热后的染液于培养箱中15min,之后用TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA清洗3次,每次10min。用激光共聚焦显微镜检测荧光强度,并分析线粒体温度变化。
二甲双胍可有效降低线粒体产热,图1为不同浓度(100μM、200μM、400μM、800μM)二甲双胍处理1h对线粒体温度的影响,MTY是一种线粒体温度特异性探针,其荧光强度与线粒体温度成反比,如图1所示,400μM二甲双胍处理1h可使线粒体温度显著下降(P<0.05)。
(2)卵母细胞孤雌激活
挑选排出第一极体且胞质均匀的成熟卵母细胞进行孤雌激活。将卵母细胞用预热的电激活液清洗3次,然后将卵母细胞置于充满激活液的电极之间,电激活液为0.3M甘露醇,0.05mM CaCl2,0.1mM MgCl2,0.4%(m/v)BSA。用电融合仪(Fujihira Industry Co.Ltd,Tokyo,Japan)进行电激活,电场强度65V/mm,直流脉冲时程80μs,脉冲次数1次。激活后的卵母细胞在含有5ug/mL细胞松弛素B和10ug/mL放线菌酮的PZM-3中于38.5℃,5%CO2培养4h后,置于平衡4h的PZM-3中继续培养,并记为0h,在48h和144h后分别观察卵裂率和囊胚率。如图2所示,二甲双胍预处理组卵裂率、囊胚发育率均与对照组无显著差异,表明二甲双胍不影响孤雌激活后胚胎发育。
(3)卵母细胞膜流动性检测
卵母细胞膜流动性采用荧光漂白恢复实验(FRAP)进行检测,首先将卵母细胞置于含有细胞膜荧光探针Dil的TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液中,在37℃,5%CO2培养箱入孵10min,孵完再用TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液洗3遍,再将卵置于共聚焦小皿中,在共聚焦显微镜上进行FRAP实验。首先选择一个漂白区域,设置漂白前采集荧光图像3张,每张间隔5s;漂白荧光强度为100%,漂白时间为7.93s;漂白后恢复3min,每间隔5s采集一张荧光图像。对漂白区域荧光强度进行统计分析,并将数据进行归一化处理。如图3所示,二甲双胍预处理影响细胞膜流动性,使其流动性显著下降(P<0.05)。
2、冷冻及解冻:
将室温调至25±1℃,使试验用具及试剂得到充分平衡。试验在37℃恒温台上操作。将卵母细胞移入20%EG溶液中平衡3min后,然后移入玻璃化溶液EDFS40中平衡30~40s,然后将卵母细胞置于冷冻载体Cryotop上,每根Cryotop可冷冻10-20枚卵母细胞(根据操作人员熟练度进行调整),然后直接投入液氮冷冻保存(整个过程不超过1min)。解冻时,将Cryotop由液氮中取出后,立即将含有卵母细胞部分直接浸入置于恒温台上(37℃)的含有1M蔗糖的PBS(含20%FBS)中作用1min,然后依次转移至含0.5M、0.25M蔗糖的PBS(含20%FBS)中作用3min、3min,再放入含20%FBS的PBS液恢复5min,然后用成熟培养液清洗三遍后置于成熟培养液恢复2小时备用。
(1)卵母细胞解冻存活检测
卵母细胞存活率检测采用FDA(二乙酸荧光素)染色法。将收集的卵母细胞置于含2.5ug/mL FDA的TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液中孵育1min,然后用TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液洗涤3次,将卵母细胞放在培养皿上,使用荧光显微镜进行观察统计,带有绿色荧光的卵母细胞视为存活。
FDA染色法判断卵母细胞解冻存活情况如图4和表1所示,400μM二甲双胍预处理1h后冷冻卵母细胞存活率较传统冷冻组显著升高(81.36%vs.71.85%,P<0.05)。
表1二甲双胍预处理对猪卵母细胞解冻存活率的影响
(2)二甲双胍对解冻卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响
进一步分析二甲双胍预处理对解冻卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响,如图5所示,常规冷冻卵母细胞解冻后线粒体温度显著下降(P<0.01),而二甲双胍预处理组卵母细胞解冻后线粒体温度显著高于常规冷冻解冻组(P<0.01)。
(3)卵母细胞脂滴超微结构观察
卵母细胞经过DPBS洗涤,在含2.5%(m/v)戊二醛的0.1M的二甲砷酸盐缓冲液中4℃固定过夜,经DPBS洗涤后,1%锇酸(四氧化锇)固定,DPBS洗涤,30%、50%、70%、80%、90%、100%丙酮梯度脱水,环氧树脂SPURR包埋-聚合,LKB-V型切片机切片(超薄切片厚度50nm(钻石刀),电镜铜网上进行醋酸铀-柠檬酸铅的双染色,将载有样本的铜网放于玻璃皿中烘干待过夜,使用透射电子显微镜(TEM),在80kv下采集图像(HITACHI,New Bio-TEM H-7500,Japan)。
如图6所示,常规冷冻组卵母细胞脂滴体积大、数量多,二甲双胍预处理组卵母细胞脂滴大小与新鲜组接近。
上述结果表明400μM二甲双胍可显著降低线粒体温度,降低冷冻-解冻过程中剧烈温度变化对线粒体功能的损伤,有利于解冻后卵母细胞线粒体温度的恢复及细胞存活。
对比例1
鱼藤酮(Rotenone)对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度及发育的影响
卵母细胞采集、体外成熟、孤雌激活、线粒体温度检测等方法同实施例1,不同的是,将二甲双胍改为不同浓度的鱼藤酮(0.3μM、0.6μM、1μM)处理。
(1)鱼藤酮对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响
如图7所示,1μM鱼藤酮处理1h可使卵母细胞线粒体温度显著降低(P<0.01)。
(2)鱼藤酮对卵母细胞发育的影响
如图8所示,与对照组相比,鱼藤酮处理组孤雌激活后的卵裂率(P<0.01)、囊胚发育率(P<0.01)均显著下降。
对比例2
寡霉素(Oligomycin)对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响及其在卵母细胞冷冻中的应用
卵母细胞采集、体外成熟、线粒体温度检测、孤雌激活、冷冻解冻、卵母细胞存活判定等同实施例1,不同的是,将二甲双胍改为不同浓度(0.5μM、1.5μM、2.5μM)的寡霉素处理。
(1)寡霉素对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响
如图9所示,0.5μM、1.5μM、2.5μM寡霉素处理1h均可使卵母细胞线粒体温度显著降低(P<0.01)。
(2)寡霉素对卵母细胞发育的影响
如图10所示,与对照组相比,不同浓度寡霉素处理组孤雌激活后的卵裂率均显著低于对照组(P<0.01),1.5μM(P<0.01)、2.5μM(P<0.01)处理组囊胚发育显著低于对照组,0.5μM处理组囊胚发育率也较对照组明显下降。
(3)寡霉素预处理对冷冻卵母细胞存活率的影响
新鲜组、冷冻组、寡霉素预处理组卵母细胞解冻存活分析如图11所示,如表2可知,寡霉素预处理组卵母细胞解冻存活率显著低于常规冷冻组(29.79%vs.71.85%,P<0.05)。
表2寡霉素预处理对猪卵母细胞解冻存活的影响
对比例3
UK5099对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响及其在卵母细胞冷冻中的应用
卵母细胞采集、体外成熟、卵母细胞线粒体温度检测、孤雌激活、冷冻解冻、卵母细胞存活判定等同实施例1,不同的是,将二甲双胍预处理改为不同浓度(0.5μM、1μM、2μM、4μM)的UK5099处理。
(1)UK5099对猪卵母细胞线粒体温度的影响
如图12所示,1μM(P<0.05)及2μM UK5099(P<0.01)处理1h均可使卵母细胞线粒体温度显著降低。
(2)UK5099对卵母细胞发育的影响
如图13所示,与对照组相比,1μM、2μM UK5099处理组孤雌激活后的卵裂率、囊胚率均与对照组无明显差异,但卵裂率、囊胚率随UK5099处理浓度的增加呈下降趋势。
(3)UK5099对冷冻卵母细胞存活的影响
新鲜组、冷冻组、UK5099预处理组卵母细胞解冻存活分析如图14所示,如表3可知,UK5099预处理冷冻组卵母细胞解冻存活率与常规冷冻组无明显差异(67.50%vs.71.85%,P>0.05)。
表3 UK5099预处理对猪卵母细胞解冻存活率的影响
综上,上述结果表明虽然鱼藤酮、寡霉素、UK5099具有调节线粒体温度的生物学作用,但鱼藤酮具有较大的细胞毒性,寡霉素可显著降低冷冻卵母细胞存活率,UK5099不能有效改善冷冻卵母细胞存活率,而400μM二甲双胍可显著降低猪卵母细胞线粒体温度,降低细胞膜流动性,冷冻保存前经该浓度二甲双胍预处理可改善猪卵母细胞脂滴超微结构,提高解冻后卵母细胞线粒体温度,有效改善冷冻解冻卵母细胞存活率。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种通过降低线粒体温度提高卵母细胞冷冻效果的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)卵母细胞冷冻前采用培养液进行预处理,所述培养液含二甲双胍;
(2)将预处理后的卵母细胞置于20%乙二醇溶液中进行平衡处理,然后置于玻璃化冷冻液中进行冷冻,并投入液氮冷冻保存;
所述步骤(1)中培养液为TL-HEPES-0.3%BSA液;
所述培养液含有400μM二甲双胍;
所述步骤(1)中预处理的时间为1h;
所述步骤(2)中平衡处理的时间为3min;
所述步骤(2)中玻璃化冷冻液为EDFS40,所述冷冻的时间为30~40s。
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