CN115568533A - 一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及饲料添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂。该复合微生物饲料添加剂由以下重量份组分组成:复合菌5‑10份;黄芪15‑25份;抗生素佐剂0.2‑0.4份;麦芽糊精50‑60份;该复合微生物饲料添加剂绿色健康、能够改善畜禽类动物的胃肠道功能,抗菌疗效好,与抗生素联用,有效促进动物生长和增强动物抵抗疾病的能力,减少抗生素残留,提高动物食品的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂。
背景技术
畜禽类动物养殖过程中往往会在饲料中添加不同类型的抗生素,用于促进生长和预防疾病,抗生素对细菌的耐药性和在动物产品中的残留对人类健康和生存环境产生了不良后果;然而,饲料中不添加抗生素时,动物拉稀、下痢严重,发病甚至死亡率高,养殖动物生产性能严重下降。随着抗生素的用药不规范及剂量过大,导致了细菌耐药性进程的加快,出现了许多广谱耐药菌和超级细菌,已经成为全球性问题。
针对耐药性细菌,新型抗生素开发非常困难,朱浩等人报道了抗生素佐剂与抗生素的组合可以抑制细菌耐药性或增强抗生素抑菌性,为对抗多重耐药细菌提供了一种可持续和有效的策略,其中抗生素佐剂包括植物源天然产物(生物碱类、多酚类、黄酮类、挥发油类)、动物源天然产物(高分子糖类、抗菌肽)和人工合成类多肽等[抗生素佐剂与抗生素联用的抑菌作用研究进展.生物技术通报.2022,38(06):66-73]。然而,目前大部分联合研究仅限于实验室应用,而在实际中应用较少。寻找安全有效的抗生素佐剂,减少抗生素的使用和提高现有抗生素的效果迫在眉睫,因此本发明提供了一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,该复合微生物饲料添加剂绿色健康、能够改善畜禽类动物的胃肠道功能,抗菌疗效好;与抗生素联用,有效促进动物生长和增强动物抵抗疾病的能力,减少抗生素残留,提高动物食品的安全性。
本发明为实现上述目的所采取的技术方案为:
一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,所述复合微生物饲料添加剂由以下量份组分组成:
复合菌5-10份;
黄芪15-25份;
抗生素佐剂0.2-0.4份;
麦芽糊精50-60份;
所述抗生素佐剂为天然产物小分子衍生物化合物1,结构式为:
其中所述复合菌为蜡样芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酿酒酵母菌按照质量比3:2:1混合所得,其中蜡样芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酿酒酵母菌的活菌含量均≥1010cfu/g;所述抗生素为庆大霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素、金霉素、土霉素或四环素中的一种。
本发明提供了一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂的制备方法:
S1、将黄芪净制,去除杂质,放置干燥箱中,80℃烘干至恒重,分别粉碎,得到黄芪粉,其中黄芪粉的粒度为20-30目;其中粒度优选30目;
S2、取所述重量份的黄芪粉,进行微波提取,以蒸馏水作提取溶剂,料液比为1:20g/mL,提取温度为90-100℃,提取时间为4-8min,共提取二次,过滤并收集提取液,经减压浓缩得到溶液1;优选提取温度为100℃,提取时间为6min;
S3、取所述重量份的抗生素佐剂,加入5倍量的乙醇溶液,超声辅助溶解后,加入到溶液1中搅拌混合均匀,再加入所述重量份的麦芽糊精,搅拌30min,喷雾干燥,即得混合粉末;
S4、取步骤S3所得全部混合粉末,加入所述重量份的复合菌,混合均匀,得到能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂。
本发明还提供了一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂的用途,用于制备畜禽类动物抗菌饲料;所述饲料添加剂在饲料中的添加量为5%-10%,优选添加量为10%。
微生物饲料添加剂是通过微生物菌株的生理代谢作用以改善动物胃肠道微生物生态平衡,能够促进养殖动物的生长,减少药物的使用,有益于动物健康和生产性能发挥。复合菌中,蜡样芽孢杆菌能抑制致病菌,促进有益厌氧菌生长,并产生乳酸等有机酸类,降低肠道PH值,间接抑制其它致病菌生长,提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平,增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,提高群体免疫力;乳酸菌能够促进仔猪对饲料中营养物质的吸收,还具有增加肠道有益菌群,改善仔猪胃肠道功能;酿酒酵母菌,富含维生素B、蛋白质和多种酶,能够治疗消化不良,促进营养物质的吸收。
黄芪有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗应激和较广泛的抗菌作用,作为扶本固正类中草药饲料添加剂已开始被用于畜牧业生产。黄芪经提取其主要成分黄芪多糖,具有提高营养物质的利用,促进动物生长的功能,黄芪多糖内含氨基酸,维生素,微量元素等多种营养物质,有含未知生长因子(UGF);黄芪作为饲料添加剂可显著提高畜禽的生长速度,提升机体抵抗力,提高肉蛋奶品质及产量。
抗生素佐剂为天然产物衍生的小分子化合物1,能够抑制α-溶血素引起的溶血和hla相关蛋白的产生,与其抑制相关转录调节因子的表达相关;其中蛋白质是机体以及细菌存活、生长的重要组成成分,当植物源天然产物或其衍生物发挥作用时,可通过抑制细菌蛋白的合成、表达,或者促使细菌蛋白渗漏达到抑菌作用;化合物1能够通过抑制细菌蛋白的合成和表达,从而产生抑菌作用,具有较好抗菌、抗毒活性,能够与抗生素协同作用,增强抗菌效果。
本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明发现的抗生素佐剂化合物1,具有较好抗菌、抗毒活性,将其添加到复合微生物饲料添加剂中,能够提高复合微生物饲料添加剂的综合性能;该复合微生物饲料添加剂与抗生素联用可以显著改善仔猪的肠道发育和健康,可以缓解仔猪断奶后的应激反应,有效提高仔猪采食量和体量,有效的解决了仔猪的腹泻问题。本发明所制得的复合微生物饲料添加剂绿色健康、能够改善畜禽类动物的胃肠道功能,抗菌疗效好,与抗生素联用,有效促进动物生长和增强动物抵抗疾病的能力,减少抗生素残留,提高动物食品的安全性。
附图说明
图1为化合物1的结构图;
图2为化合物1的抗毒活性实验结果图;
图3为化合物1的抗溶血活性实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
实施例1抗生素佐剂化合物1相关活性测定
1.1耐药菌株培养
将含有耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)菌株的胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤(TSB)培养基于装有通气装置的旋转摇床中37℃条件下培养。通过将与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)融合的hla启动子引入MRSA来制备毒力报告菌株;为了选择报告菌株,将5μg/ml氯霉素添加到培养基中;通过将稀释的培养物涂抹在胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂(TSA)上来测量活细胞的数量。
1.2筛选化合物
从已知天然产物衍生的小分子化合物文库中,根据结构中带有酚羟基活性官能团初筛得到了300种天然产物衍生的小分子化合物,并对化合物的活性进行测试。将1.1中制备的报道菌株用于测量化合物的抗菌和抗毒活性;从TSA平板收集报告菌株菌落,将其悬浮在装有新鲜TSB培养基的试管中,使OD600值为1,之后在180rpm和37℃的旋转振荡器中培养至对数生长期,计数,调整浓度为2×107cfu/mL,并用新鲜培养基稀释;将稀释的培养液添加到48孔板(NUNC,德国)的每个孔中,后用10μg/mL天然产物衍生的小分子化合物处理并温育6小时,分别测量处理前后在600nm处的吸光度和480或520nm处的荧光,当能抑制细菌的生长并且GFP的产量减少时,表明化合物是有活性的。最终得到了具有强毒性抑制活性的化合物1,其结构如图1所示。
1.3测定化合物1的最小抑菌浓度
将化合物1分别配成200μg/mL、100μg/mL、50μg/mL、25μg/mL、12.5μg/mL、6.25μg/mL的DMSO溶液。分别将MRSA、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌菌株在TSB中孵育过夜,在新鲜TSB培养基中以1:100稀释,培养至对数生长期,计数,调整浓度为2×107cfu/mL,取100μL稀释液加入到96孔板中,再分别加入10μL的不同浓度化合物1的样品,在37℃条件下培养24h,用酶标仪读取数值,实验平行三次取平均值;结果如表1所示,对MRSA,化合物1的最小抑菌浓度为12.5μg/mL;对枯草杆菌,化合物1的最小抑菌浓度为100μg/mL;对大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌,化合物1的最小抑菌浓度为50μg/mL。
表1化合物1对不同菌株的最小抑菌浓度
菌种 | 化合物1的最小抑菌浓度(μg/mL) |
MRSA | 12.5 |
枯草杆菌 | 100 |
大肠杆菌 | 50 |
绿脓杆菌 | 50 |
1.4化合物1的抗毒活性实验
将化合物1分别配成100μg/mL、50μg/mL、25μg/mL、12.5μg/mL的DMSO溶液。将MRSA在TSB中孵育过夜,在新鲜TSB培养基中以1:100稀释,培养至对数生长期,然后将500μL含不同浓度的化合物1和不含化合物1(对照)的培养液加入到48孔板中,培养基在200rpm旋转摇床中于37℃生长8小时,测定在600nm处吸光度及GFP荧光。结果如图2所示,图2A中结果表明,在整个培养周期里,化合物1能够抑制细菌生长,浓度100μg/mL时的抑菌效果最好;图2B中结果表明,培养细菌至8h时,化合物1能够将绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的产生抑制到≤50%,当化合物1的浓度分别为50μg/mL和100μg/mL时,绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)产生的浓度分别降低了50%和90%;证实了化合物1具有较好的抗毒活性。
1.5化合物1的抗溶血活性实验
使用人源性红细胞来测定化合物1的抗溶血活性。将MRSA孵育过夜,在20ml新鲜TSB培养基中稀释至OD600=0.1,然后在37℃下孵育3小时至OD600=0.6。通过在4℃下离心10分钟来收集细胞,然后将其重新悬浮于20ml的PBS(磷酸盐缓冲盐水)中。通过离心1ml新鲜的脱纤维血,将其重悬于1mL无菌的PBS中,可获得2%的红细胞。然后,用PBS反复洗涤后,将其重悬于0.75ml的PBS中,并制备了2%的红细胞悬液用于分析。将含有100μg/mL、50μg/mL、25μg/mL、12.5μg/mL浓度的化合物1的100μL培养溶液与900μL的2%红细胞混合,另用不含化合物1的100μL培养溶液与900μL的2%红细胞混合作对照,在37℃下培养3小时。离心等分试样,并通过540nm处的吸光度测量溶血速率。结果如图3所示,表明化合物1能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌对红细胞的溶血,当化合物1的浓度为50μg/mL时,溶血活性被抑制至30%,但化合物1的浓度为100μg/mL时,未发现可测量的溶血活性;证实了化合物1是引起溶血的α-溶血素的有效抑制剂。图3中**:P<0.01,两组数据间有显著统计学差异。
目前,已有研究报道α-溶血素是由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌的最重要的外毒素之一,其产生受葡萄球菌辅助效应因子(sae)的调节;也有文献报道hla的表达受sar(葡萄球菌辅助调节剂)和agr(辅助基因调节剂)的影响。化合物1能够抑制α-溶血素引起的溶血和hla相关蛋白的产生,与其抑制相关转录调节因子的表达相关。
1.6与抗生素联合使用的协同作用分析
分别将化合物1和抗生素(庆大霉素或金霉素)配制成一系列稀释浓度的药物溶液备用。将MRSA细胞接种到96孔板中,每孔96ul(约1×104个细胞),分别加入2ul化合物1和抗生素药液,药液的组合方法如下:
第一个药物抗生素在96孔板上按稀释浓度从上到下纵向排布(每一横排的抗生素浓度相同),每孔2ul,第二个药物化合物1按稀释浓度从左到右横向排布(每一纵排的化合物1浓度相同),每孔2ul,记录每一个空的化合物1和抗生素的浓度,同时设单独加入梯度稀释的化合物1或抗生素药液每孔2ul的组,以及不加任何药物的空白对照组,做三个平行的96孔板,结果取平均值。将96孔板于35℃孵育16~20小时后600nm测试OD值。
各药物组合的孔通过与空白对照的OD值进行比较来确定MIC值。定义如下:通过抑制浓度系数FICI来判断两个药物A和B之间是协同、相加还是拮抗作用。其中,FICI=(MIC药物组合中的A/MICA单独)+(MIC药物组合中的B/MICB单独),如果FICI值≤0.5,则表明药物A和B之间存在协同作用,若FICI值在0.5~4.0之间,则表明药物A和B的活性相加,若FICI值>4.0,则表明药物A和B之间存在拮抗作用。
通过以上定义检测化合物1和庆大霉素的相互作用,其(MIC药物组合中的化合物1/MIC化合物1)可忽略不计,结果如表2所示;庆大霉素终浓度0.500μg/mL,化合物1终浓度6.25μg/mL;庆大霉素终浓度0.250μg/mL,化合物1终浓度12.5μg/mL;庆大霉素终浓度0.250μg/mL,化合物1终浓度25μg/mL;庆大霉素终浓度0.125μg/mL,化合物1终浓度50μg/mL;庆大霉素终浓度0.125μg/mL,化合物1终浓度100μg/mL这五组药物组合中,庆大霉素和化合物1存在协同抗真菌作用。其中随着化合物1终浓度升高,庆大霉素和化合物1的协同抗真菌活性不断增强。
表2化合物1和庆大霉素的相互作用
通过以上定义检测化合物1和金霉素的相互作用,其(MIC药物组合中的化合物1/MIC化合物1)可忽略不计,结果如表3所示;金霉素终浓度0.500μg/mL,化合物1终浓度3.125μg/mL;金霉素终浓度0.500μg/mL,化合物1终浓度6.25μg/mL;金霉素终浓度0.250μg/mL,化合物1终浓度12.5μg/mL;金霉素终浓度0.250μg/mL,化合物1终浓度25μg/mL;金霉素终浓度0.125μg/mL,化合物1终浓度50μg/mL;金霉素终浓度0.125μg/mL,化合物1终浓度100μg/mL这六组药物组合中,金霉素和化合物1存在协同抗真菌作用。其中随着化合物1终浓度升高,金霉素和化合物1的协同抗真菌活性不断增强。
表3化合物1和金霉素的相互作用
实施例2制备复合微生物饲料添加剂(a)
一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,由以下量份组分组成:复合菌10份;黄芪20份;抗生素佐剂0.3份;麦芽糊精50份;其中抗生素佐剂为化合物1;制备方法为:
S1、将黄芪净制,去除杂质,放置干燥箱中,80℃烘干至恒重,分别粉碎,得到黄芪粉和板蓝根粉,其中黄芪粉的粒度为30目。
S2、取所述重量份的黄芪粉,进行微波提取,以蒸馏水作提取溶剂,料液比为1:20g/mL,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为6min,共提取二次,过滤并收集提取液,经减压浓缩得到溶液1;
S3、取所述重量份的抗生素佐剂,加入5倍量的乙醇溶液,超声辅助溶解后,加入到溶液1中搅拌混合均匀,再加入所述重量份的麦芽糊精,搅拌30min,喷雾干燥,即得混合粉末。
S4、取步骤S3所得全部混合粉末,加入所述重量份的复合菌,混合均匀,得到能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂(a)。
实施例3制备复合微生物饲料添加剂(b)
一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,由以下量份组分组成:复合菌8份;黄芪15份;抗生素佐剂0.2份;麦芽糊精60份;抗生素佐剂为化合物1;制备方法与实施例2相同,得到复合微生物饲料添加剂(b)。
实施例4制备复合微生物饲料添加剂(c)
一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,由以下量份组分组成:复合菌5份;黄芪25份;抗生素佐剂0.3份;麦芽糊精60份;抗生素佐剂为化合物1;制备方法与实施例2相同,得到复合微生物饲料添加剂(c)。
实施例5制备复合微生物饲料添加剂(d)
一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,由以下量份组分组成:复合菌10份;黄芪20份;麦芽糊精50份;其中不含抗生素佐剂;制备方法与实施例2相同,得到复合微生物饲料添加剂(d)。
实施例6复合微生物饲料添加剂对仔猪生产性能的影响实验
本发明所制得的复合微生物饲料添加剂对仔猪生产性能的影响实验,具体实验方法为:日龄28±1、平均体重5.5-6.5kg,且在相同饲养条件下饲养的健康仔猪160头,随机分成八组,每组20头;将复合微生物饲料添加剂添加到普通饲料(玉米经粉碎,与10%的豆粨混合制得)中,直接拌匀投喂,其中不含复合微生物饲料添加剂的普通饲料作对照组,实验观察时间为14天,观察期间按常规的程序与方法进行编号、驱虫和免疫等管理。实验开始,于第二天清晨空腹对每个猪只进行称重,记录初始投料量与试验结束时剩余量,并详细记录各组猪在试验期间的腹泻数量日数。具体添加复合微生物饲料添加剂比例及实验结果详见表4。
表4对仔猪生产性能的影响
由表4对比结果可知,第一至五组及第七组在2周内仔猪的日采食量、日增量和腹泻控制率都优于对照组,其中第七组(含10%a+25mg/kg金霉素)在2周内仔猪的日采食量、日增量和腹泻控制率最好,与第一组(含10%a)对比,说明复合微生物饲料添加剂与抗生素金霉素联用的促进仔猪生长及预防腹泻效果增强;第一组(含10%a)优于第二至五组,第一组(含10%a)与第四组(含10%d)对比,说明所添加的抗生素佐剂化合物1能够提高复合微生物饲料添加剂的综合性能;实验结果表明本发明提供的复合微生物饲料添加剂与抗生素联用可以显著改善仔猪的肠道发育和健康,可以缓解仔猪断奶后的应激反应,有效提高仔猪采食量和体量,有效的解决了仔猪的腹泻问题。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本申请的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本申请的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述复合菌为蜡样芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酿酒酵母菌按照质量比3:2:1混合所得,其中蜡样芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酿酒酵母菌的活菌含量均≥1010cfu/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述抗生素为庆大霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素、金霉素、土霉素或四环素中的一种。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将黄芪净制,去除杂质,放置干燥箱中烘干至恒重,分别粉碎,得到黄芪粉;
S2、取所述重量份的黄芪粉,进行微波提取,以蒸馏水作提取溶剂,共提取二次,过滤并收集提取液,经减压浓缩得到溶液1;
S3、取所述重量份的抗生素佐剂,加入5倍量的乙醇溶液,超声辅助溶解后,加入到溶液1中搅拌混合均匀,再加入所述重量份的麦芽糊精,搅拌30min,喷雾干燥,即得混合粉末;
S4、取步骤S3所得全部混合粉末,加入所述重量份的复合菌,混合均匀,得到能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述黄芪粉的粒度为20-30目。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述微波提取条件为:料液比为1:20g/mL;提取温度为90-100℃;提取时间为4-8min。
7.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂的用途,其特征在于,所述用途为用于制备畜禽类动物抗菌饲料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的能与抗生素联用的复合微生物饲料添加剂的用途,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂在饲料中的添加量为5%-10%。
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