CN1155356C - 测量肢体静脉再充血时间的方法 - Google Patents

测量肢体静脉再充血时间的方法 Download PDF

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CN1155356C
CN1155356C CNB998117897A CN99811789A CN1155356C CN 1155356 C CN1155356 C CN 1155356C CN B998117897 A CNB998117897 A CN B998117897A CN 99811789 A CN99811789 A CN 99811789A CN 1155356 C CN1155356 C CN 1155356C
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克里斯廷·L·沃森
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约瑟夫·R·普兰特
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瑞安·A·阿马拉
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种测量肢体静脉再充血时间的方法,其包括:提供用于向肢体施压的间歇式气动压缩系统,该系统具有一个带多个可加压腔室的压缩箍套、一个通过导管连接着可加压腔室的压缩气源及一个与压缩气源和导管保持连接的控制器;将压缩箍套缠绕在肢体上;在足以使肢体中的血液流出肢体的预定时段内向可加压腔室施压;为可加压腔室减压,直至一个或多个可加压腔室中的压力到达较低值;关闭至少一个可加压腔室;探测所述至少一个可加压腔室中的压力,压力变化表示肢体中血液体积变化;测定从可加压腔室减压步骤开始时至压力到达平台之间的时间,该时间包括静脉再充血时间;在随后的压缩周期中,在基于静脉再充血时间的时段内减压。

Description

测量肢体静脉再充血时间的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种测量被施以间歇式气动压缩的肢体中的静脉再充血时间的方法。
背景技术
现已知道当患者被限制在床上时,其腿部的血流速度会降低。这种血液淤积或淤滞现象在手术过程中、手术刚刚结束以及患者被限制在床上很长时间后特别明显。此外,血液淤滞是患者腿部形成血栓的一个重要原因,而血栓可能最终导致腿部严重伤害甚至坏死。另外,对于某些患者,希望将液体从肢体组织的间隙中排出,以便降低因肢体水肿而引起的肿胀。通过增强肢体中的血液循环,可以促进动脉和静脉血液流动。
间歇式气动压缩(IPC)装置用于促进血液循环并且使患者肢体中血栓的形成最小化。这种装置典型地包括一个环绕着患者肢体的压缩箍套或箍套。该箍套具有一个或多个分开的可膨胀腔室,它们连接着通常为气源的压缩流体源。一个或多个腔室膨胀后向肢体提供一个压缩脉冲,从而提高血液循环并且使血栓的形成最小化。在一种多腔室箍套中,压缩脉冲典型地是围绕着距离心脏最远的肢体部位如踝部开始产生,随后逐渐向着心脏方向进行。一个或多个腔室在一段预定时间内保持膨胀状态,然后所有容室同时减压。在经过了另一段预定时间后,压缩脉冲将重复进行。一些典型的压缩装置在美国专利No.4,396,010和1994年11月14日提交的专利申请No.08/338,310中进行了描述,在此将结合它们的公开内容作为参考。
深的静脉血栓以及其他静脉和动脉状况也需要利用各种气体式体积描记技术进行诊断和评价。这些技术使用了缠绕在患者肢体的一个或多个部位上的一个或多个压力套。在肢体处于不同位置时,可以通过监视一个或多个压力套中的由于这种位置变化所产生的压力变化来监视肢体中的血流体积变化,这通常是在施加了静脉压脉器而导致肢体充血后进行的。静脉压脉器可以通过一个缠绕在肢体部位如大腿上的压力套而施加。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种通过向肢体施压而测定肢体静脉系统再充血所需时间的方法。静脉再充血的时间随后可被用作间歇式压缩装置在随后压缩周期中的压缩脉冲之间的减压时间。
具体地讲,向缠绕在肢体上的压缩箍套施加的压缩气脉冲将导致血液流向患者身体或心脏。套箍被减压可以导致一个或多个容室放气,此时肢体中的静脉系统将重新充入血液并最终返回稳定状态。对于不同的患者,静脉再充血和返回稳定状态的时间也不同。因此,本发明提供了一种测量被施以间歇式气动压缩的肢体中的静脉再充血时间的方法,其包括:
(a)提供一个用于向肢体施压的间歇式气动压缩系统,该系统具有一个带多个可加压腔室的压缩箍套;一个压缩气源,其通过导管连接着各可加压腔室;以及一个控制器,其与压缩气源和导管保持连接,以控制向可加压腔室施加压缩气体的操作,并且能够运转而将压缩气体导引入可加压腔室中以及对可加压腔室减压;
(b)将压缩箍套缠绕在肢体上;
(c)在一个足以压缩肢体以便使肢体中的血液流出肢体的预定时段内利用气体向可加压腔室施压;
(d)为可加压腔室减压,直至一个或多个可加压腔室中的压力到达一个较低的值;
(e)关闭至少一个可加压腔室;
(f)探测所述至少一个可加压腔室中的压力,该压力的变化表示肢体中的血液体积变化;
(g)测定从可加压腔室减压步骤开始时至压力到达平台之间的时间,该时间包括静脉再充血时间;以及
(h)在随后的压缩周期中,在一个基于静脉再充血时间的时段内减压。
静脉再充血时间是这样确定的,即在肢体重新充血时监视箍套腔室中的压力并探测压力到达一个平台的时刻,该平台表明肢体中重新充血并到达稳定状态。在多腔室箍套中,压力可以在一个腔室例如腿部上的箍套的中央腔室或小腿部腔室中被监视。或者,静脉再充血时间是这样探测的,即向患者肢体施加静脉压脉器并测量患者腿部的充血时间,这是由于压脉器不允许静脉血流过。压脉器可以通过使多腔室箍套中的大腿部腔室膨胀而施加。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图所作的详细描述,可以更全面地理解本发明,附图包括:
图1示出了一个气动回路,其中装有一个与本发明方法一起使用的单腔室箍套;
图2示出了一个气动回路,其中装有一个与本发明方法一起使用的三腔室箍套;
图3是一种现有技术的压缩周期图;
图4是根据本发明的静脉再充血时间测定过程中的压力分布图;
图5是根据本发明在测定静脉再充血时间后的压缩周期图;
图6是一压缩装置的等尺度图,该压缩装置装有与本发明方法一起使用的三腔室箍套;
图7是图6所示压缩装置中的气动装置的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种带有一个间歇式气动压缩(IPC)装置10的气动回路该装置利用本发明方法来测定静脉再充血时间。在该IPC装置中,一个带有单腔室13的压缩箍套12例如通过导管14连接着一个带有气源16的控制器15,该气源向箍套的腔室中供应压缩气体。通常开启的双通阀18和通常关闭的三通阀19安装于上述箍套12与气源16之间。位于阀18下游的压力传感器20用于监视腔室中的压力。
在操作时,箍套12围绕患者的腿部而缠绕。为了向腿部供应压缩脉冲,阀19打开而启动气源16,以便向腔室13供应压缩气体,直至该腔室中的压力到达压缩周期中的操作所需的适宜值,这些在本领域是公知的。在加压完成后,气源16被关闭,而腔室13通过例如导管向控制器排气而减压。气体也可以经三通阀19排向外界。图3中示出了现有技术中的一种典型压缩周期,其中腔室在经过了大约60秒的标准减压时间后被加压。
如果希望测定患者的静脉再充血时间,则腔室被允许减压直至该腔室中的压力到达一个较低的值,通常是10mm汞柱(经过大约2.5秒减压时间)。或者,也可以将腔室减压一个预定时段。之后双通阀18被关闭,以便防止腔室进一步被减压。或者,腔室可以完全被减压,之后再重新加压直至压力仅到达上述预定值,例如10mm汞柱。参看图4,随后腔室中的压力将被压力传感器20探测一段时间,该时间足以使腿中的静脉系统被再充血。当腿部因充入血液而变大时,压力将上升。当腿中被再充血并返回稳态后,压力会变成一个平台,如图4中的实曲线1所示。可以看到该平台与利用多普勒探针探测到的如图4中曲线2所示的实际静脉血流相关联。
控制器15可以以各种方式测定该平台。例如,控制器可以在一个预定时间如10秒内测定哪个点上的压力升高到低于一个预定量如0.2mm汞柱。从开始对可加压腔室进行减压直至平台出现时刻之间的时间被测定为静脉再充血时间,并被控制器采用为随后周期中的减压时间基准。如需要,也可以采用其他方案以测定平台。控制器可以测定压力真正到达平台或者将要到达平台的时间。图5中示出了一种压缩周期,其减压时间为大约20秒。
测定静脉再充血时间的过程至少要在每次启动时即进行一次。最好在经过了足够的周期后测定时间,以便使系统能够选择腔室中理想压力,例如45mm汞柱。可以在使用压缩箍套的过程中的其他时间内实施上述测定过程,以便更新再充血时间。应当在腔室被加压到与启动时相同的理想压力如45mm汞柱时的那个周期结束后,实施上述测定操作。
本方法曾在十三个对象上作过试验。基于静脉再充血时间的减压时间分布如下所述:
减压时间(秒)              对象数量
≤20                        7
21-30                       4
31-40                       2
在典型的现有技术中的IPC装置的操作中,压缩脉冲之间的时间对于所有患者都是相同的,例如为大约60秒。如前所述,这种现有技术装置的周期如图3所示。对于本发明,压缩脉冲之间的时间可以远少于60秒。图5所示周期中的脉冲之间的时间为大约20秒。从图5中明显可以看出,更多的血液随时间而流动,以便使血液淤积得更少,并由此增进更多的血液流动。血液淤积可以减少而血栓的形成可以最小化。
本方法还对促进动脉血液流动有益。通过增加静脉血流,静脉压力会减小,从而能够提高流经毛细血管的血液。通过这种方式,可以同时促进动脉血流。
一种利用本发明方法进行操作的多腔室IPC装置30的实施例显示于图2中的气动回路中。在这种装置中,箍套32具有三个可加压腔室34、36和38以及一个可选择的冷却腔室40。控制器42具有一个气源44和用于将气体分布到各腔室中的阀门装置47。在通向两个腔室(图2中的腔室2和3)的管线48和50中,阀门装置包括带有排气孔的通常关闭的三通阀52和54。在通向腔室1的管线56中,阀门装置包括一个通常开启的双通阀58,其位于腔室2的上述常闭阀的下游。位于管线56中的压力传感器60用于监视腔室1中的压力,而位于管线48中的压力传感器62用于监视腔室2中的压力。在通向冷却腔室的管线64中,上述阀门装置包括通常关闭的双通阀66。
在操作时,为了向肢体供应一系列的脉冲,上述双通阀58闭合以便关闭腔室1。气源44启动,通向腔室2的三通阀52被打开,以便使腔室2中充气并达到理想压力。经过了一个预定时间后,在阀52仍保持打开的同时,通向腔室1的阀58被打开,以便使腔室1充气。通向腔室3的三通阀54也被打开,例如在腔室2和1开始充气之后打开,以便使腔室3也被充气。一旦加压完成后,气源44可以被关闭,而各腔室同时减压,例如通过三通阀52和54中的气孔排气。在所有腔室的加压过程中,通向冷却室的双通阀66关闭。
如果需要测定患者的静脉再充血时间,则双通阀58关闭以便防止腔室1减压到预定值如10mm汞柱以下。之后腔室1中的压力被压力传感器60探测一定时间,该时间足以使腿部静脉系统被重新充血。随着腿部因充入血液而变大,压力将上升。当腿部被重新充血后,压力会变成一个平台。如前面所讨论,图4中的曲线1表示腿部重新充血时的压力平台。
图2中的气动回路可以如图6和7所示装配。在这个实施例中,压缩箍套32具有若干个分别环绕着踝部区域、小腿区域和大腿区域的流体压力室36、34、38。一个可选择的冷却或通风管道40环绕着上述各腔室延伸,并且在箍套内的表面上带有开口或小孔以便冷却腿部。如果被采用,则在箍套加压时关闭上述冷却管道。在一些实施例中,当测定静脉再充血时间时,可以关闭上述冷却管道。一个由四根导管构成的导管组46从带有压缩气源或其它流体源的控制器110向三个腔室和冷却管道延伸,以便使各腔室间歇性地膨胀和紧缩并且冷却腿部。在所述的实施例中,踝部腔室36对应于图2中的腔室2,小腿部腔室34对应于图2中的腔室1,大腿部腔室38对应于图2中的腔室3,当然可以理解,这种对应关系可以不同。这样,通过监视踝部腔室或大腿部腔室或组合腔室中的压力,可以测定静脉再充血时间。
控制器110安置在外壳111中。位于该外壳前侧的控制板或面板112包括系统操作控制器和指示器。输出连接器126布置在上述外壳后侧用于接纳导管组46,该导管组用于将控制器连接到压缩箍套上。在外壳111的内部,一个压缩机131直接连接着并受控于电机142。一个阀控歧管组件150用于通过上述导管组将压缩气体分配到适宜的腔室中。
一个压力传感器152通过导管154连接着歧管组件150,以便监视一个腔室中的输出压力。如图所示,传感器152监视踝部腔室中的压力。另一个压力传感器153通过导管155连接着歧管组件150,以便监视另一个腔室中的输出压力,从而确定静脉再充血时间。如图所示,传感器153监视小腿部腔室中的压力。适宜的阀185a-d连接在阀座184a-d上。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,可以使用环绕着患者腿部放置的静脉止血带来测量压力。止血带可以由多腔室箍套的大腿部腔室38提供。随后,可以测量患者腿部的充血时间,这是由于在腔室放气之前止血带不允许静脉血流过。或者,护士或其他专业人员可以施加和拆除用于测量充血时间的单独止血带。然而,静脉止血带对于患者而言不太舒适。因此优选采用前面描述过的实施例。
在采用了多腔室箍套的另一个替换性实施例中,可以在减压过程中以及在每个腔室到达预定压力平台时在两个或多个腔室中测量压力。静脉再充血时间可以采用每个腔室所用时间的平均值。
此外,IPC装置典型地采用两个箍套,其中每条腿使用一个箍套。在这种情况下,可以在两个箍套中探测压力。如果两个箍套中测定的静脉再充血时间不同,则优选采用两个静脉的再充血时间中的较长者用于两个箍套。
在一些具有两个箍套的实施例中,只使用了一个从控制器通向箍套的导管组。该导管组从控制器中的单一连接器延伸到一个“T”形接头,在该接头处上述导管组分成两个分支,每个分支分别通向一个箍套。由于在这种构造中导管组将两个腔室中的气体汇合到控制器中的单一管线中,因此如果患者两个腿部具有不同的静脉特性的话,则控制器将探测两个再充血时间中的较长者。
这里的用于增进血液流动的方法可以利用IPC装置的其它实施例实施。例如,用于测量压力的压力传感器可以直接安装在一个箍套腔室中,而非安装在控制器中。可以理解,IPC装置的许多实施例在现有技术中是公知的并且可以购买到,而本发明的方法也可以利用这些其它实施例实施。本发明并不局限于以上的特定显示和描述,而是只由附属权利要求确定。

Claims (5)

1.一种测量被施以间歇式气动压缩的肢体中的静脉再充血时间的方法,其包括:
(a)提供一个用于向肢体施压的间歇式气动压缩系统,该系统具有一个带多个可加压腔室的压缩箍套;一个压缩气源,其通过导管连接着各可加压腔室;以及一个控制器,其与压缩气源和导管保持连接,以控制向可加压腔室施加压缩气体的操作,并且能够运转而将压缩气体导引入可加压腔室中以及对可加压腔室减压;
(b)将压缩箍套缠绕在肢体上;
(c)在一个足以压缩肢体以便使肢体中的血液流出肢体的预定时段内利用气体向可加压腔室施压;
(d)为可加压腔室减压,直至一个或多个可加压腔室中的压力到达一个较低的值;
(e)关闭至少一个可加压腔室;
(f)探测所述至少一个可加压腔室中的压力,该压力的变化表示肢体中的血液体积变化;
(g)测定从可加压腔室减压步骤开始时至压力到达平台之间的时间,该时间包括静脉再充血时间;以及
(h)在随后的压缩周期中,在一个基于静脉再充血时间的时段内减压。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在一个或多个相继的压缩周期后周期性重复步骤(b)至(g),以便重新测定静脉再充血时间;以及
在随后的压缩周期中,在一个基于重新测得的静脉再充血时间的时段内减压。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(f)中,压力是由安装于上述控制器中的压力传感器探测的。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(f)中,压力是由安装于上述压缩箍套中的压力传感器探测的。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在探测压力的步骤中,压力是上述第一和第二可加压腔室中的组合压力。
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EP1119333A1 (en) 2001-08-01
TW470660B (en) 2002-01-01
HK1041196A1 (en) 2002-07-05
HK1041196B (zh) 2005-04-08
AU757270B2 (en) 2003-02-13
AU6286899A (en) 2000-04-26
WO2000019960A1 (en) 2000-04-13
CA2345780C (en) 2008-01-08
CN1322127A (zh) 2001-11-14
US6231532B1 (en) 2001-05-15
CA2345780A1 (en) 2000-04-13
JP2002526165A (ja) 2002-08-20

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