CN115530028A - Efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella - Google Patents
Efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella Download PDFInfo
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- CN115530028A CN115530028A CN202210850343.1A CN202210850343A CN115530028A CN 115530028 A CN115530028 A CN 115530028A CN 202210850343 A CN202210850343 A CN 202210850343A CN 115530028 A CN115530028 A CN 115530028A
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WURGXGVFSMYFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlofluanid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)N(SC(F)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURGXGVFSMYFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of interplanting of asparagus and morchella, in particular to an efficient planting method of interplanting of asparagus and morchella, which obtains better economic benefit through the mutual connection time and space of interplanting of asparagus and morchella; the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a shed and preparing land; s2, fertilizing; s3, transplanting and planting asparagus; s4, preparing land and making ridges for morchella after asparagus field planting; s5, shading net and black mulching film with holes; s6, sowing morchella; s7, placing a nutrient bag; s8, managing a spawn running period after sowing; s9, hypha dormancy; s10, managing primordium and young mushroom; s11, managing the growth stage of the young mushrooms; s12, harvesting morchella; s13, sorting the harvested morchella in an asparagus field; s14, field management of asparagus; s15, cleaning the asparagus garden at the end of autumn; s16, harvesting asparagus in spring; s17, stopping harvesting asparagus and performing field management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interplanting of asparagus and morchella, in particular to an efficient planting method of interplanting asparagus and morchella.
Background
The asparagus is suitable for sandy loam rich in organic matters, the growth of plants is inhibited at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, the temperature of less than 10 ℃ and the temperature of more than 35 ℃ in fertile soil with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertilizer and water retention and good air permeability, and the growth period in the north China is 4 months to 10 months.
Morchella esculenta generally grows from plain areas with low altitude to the altitude of 3200 meters. Mostly growing on the humus layer of broad-leaved forest or coniferous mixed forest. Mainly grows in sandy loam or brown soil, brown soil and the like which are rich in humus. The morchella esculenta is easy to germinate sporocarp under low temperature and high humidity conditions generally, the generation time of the morchella esculenta depends on whether the surface soil temperature of 5cm in spring of the current year stably passes 11.5 ℃, the suitable growth temperature is 10-18 ℃, and the growth season of the morchella esculenta in North China is generally from 11 months to 3 months of the second year each year.
The method adopts the cold shed planting mode which is the main mode for cultivating the morchella at present, the structure is simple, the investment is small, the method is deeply favored by broad farmers, a sunshade net is covered for cultivation, the morchella belongs to low-temperature bacteria, the method is suitable for cultivating and growing seasons every year, generally from 11 months to 3 months of the second year, and the utilization rate of the land and the cold shed is low. The period of suitable growth of the asparagus in the northern China is from 4 months to 10 months, the largest natural enemy of the asparagus is a soil-borne disease, and the cold-shed rain sheltering cultivation can effectively solve the stem blight of the asparagus and is effectively connected with morchella in the growth time; the cultivation depth of morchella esculenta is 10-15 cm, the field planting depth of asparagus is less than 15 cm, and the asparagus can be well connected and utilized from a planting soil layer, so that an efficient planting method for interplanting morchella esculenta and asparagus is urgently needed for improving the utilization rate of land and a cold shed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the efficient planting method for interplanting the asparagus and the morchella, which can improve the utilization rate of land and a cold shed and improve the income of growers.
The invention relates to an efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a shed and preparing soil
Selecting a span: 8m, 12m, 16m, etc., length 60-100m, shoulder height: 3.5-5.5m arched roof multi-span greenhouse, sun-shading by a sun-shading net with a shading rate of 75%, taking a field rich in organic sandy loam and good in drainage as a planting land, arranging drainage ditches around the planting land, and deeply ploughing the planting land by 50cm to loosen and refine the planting soil, wherein the grain size of the soil is controlled to be 1-2cm;
s2, fertilizing
Applying 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer per 666 square meters, raking finely and leveling after ploughing, and applying 3000-4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and ternary compound fertilizer (or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of calcium superphosphate and 15 kg of potassium chloride) and 25-50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer in layers in planting ditches with the depth and width of 40 cm respectively;
s3, transplanting and planting asparagus
Selecting the planting time in late 10 months, selecting strong dormant roots with the growth seedling age of 90-120 days, the seedling height of 40-70 cm and the stem number of 5-7, ditching according to the row spacing of 1.5m, wherein the ditching depth is 15-20cm, and planting the dormant roots at the bottom of the ditch according to the plant spacing of 25 cm;
s4, preparing land and making ridges for morchella after asparagus field planting
Filling soil in a planting ditch for planting dormant roots of asparagus, leveling and marking the planted roots, after the planted soil is watered, when the soil is moist, applying 100 jin of compound fertilizer, 50 jin of urea, 200 jin of organic fertilizer and 1000 jin of thoroughly decomposed cattle and sheep manure per 666 square meters, improving the soil by mixing 150-200 jin of quick lime or plant ash, uniformly spreading the mixture in the field, carrying out shallow rotary tillage twice by a rotary cultivator, forming a compartment surface, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 120 cm, the length of the compartment surface is not limited, the compartment surface is spaced by about 40 cm, the asparagus and morchella can be managed conveniently, or no furrows are made, and the land area can be effectively utilized;
s5, shading net and black mulching film with holes
The fungi are afraid of direct irradiation of strong light, and the inner layer or the outer layer of the shading net (six needles are enough) is covered firstly according to the weather conditions at that time, or the shading net is not covered, and the black mulching film is covered immediately after sowing, so that the main purpose is that the strong light is not seen;
s6, morchella seeding
The common sowing is more suitable when the temperature is stabilized below 20 ℃ for 11 months, the well mixed morchella strains are uniformly scattered in furrows in the middle of the row spacing for planting asparagus, or a seeder is used for ditching (a common seeder can also be used) to uniformly scatter the strains on the ground surface, 2 to 3 centimeters of soil are immediately covered, and finally, polyacrylamide aqueous solution with the concentration of 3 to 5 percent is used for thorough watering; wherein the density of the sown morchella is 0.3-0.8kg/m 2 ；
S7, placing nutrient bags
After morchella conidia grow on the surface of the soil, placing a nutrient bag, flattening the nutrient bag when placing, wherein 20-25 holes are punched on one surface, the punched surface is placed on the surface of the soil downwards, and a black film is covered immediately after the nutrient bag is placed in a sowing way;
s8, management of spawn running period after sowing
The period from sowing to fruiting is called as a spawn running period or a mushroom culturing period, under the condition of film covering, management links are reduced as much as possible, excessive management is avoided, temperature control is only needed, and under the condition of no film covering, water management is needed;
s9, hypha dormancy
Morchella is planted in a cold shed in North China, due to poor heat preservation and low temperature of the cold shed, even though primordium is formed, young mushrooms are difficult to develop, at the moment, the temperature of the shed is reduced, large water is poured, hypha is promoted to enter dormancy, and after the air is heated in 2 months in the next year, water is melted to naturally promote the mushrooms;
s10, management of primordium and young mushroom period
7-10 mycelia can be differentiated to generate a large amount of primordia and young mushrooms after the mushroom-forcing water is poured, and as the period is just the season with unstable climate and severe changes of temperature and humidity, the period needs to be carefully managed, and the management idea is that the ground temperature, the humidity preservation and less ventilation (or no ventilation) are taken as main management ideas;
s11, management of growth stage of young mushrooms
In the growth stage of the young mushrooms, temperature and moisture control is taken as a main management idea, when the external temperature is too low, ventilation is stopped, water cannot be sprayed, and when the external temperature is too high, ventilation is increased, water is sprayed and moisture is preserved;
s12, morchella harvesting
When the color of the morchella begins to become dark and surface folds are completely unfolded, the morchella can be harvested, the ventilation volume is properly increased one day before harvesting, once the morchella is mature, the morchella is harvested in time, and although the size of the morchella is increased after late harvesting, the walls of the morchella become thin, the quality is poor, and the sale price is influenced;
s13, after morchella harvest, arranging asparagus fields
After morchella is harvested, smashing a nutrient bag, uniformly spreading 20Kg of urea and 5Kg of compound fertilizer in each 666 square meters, shallow rotary tillage and leveling by a rotary cultivator, and clearing asparagus rows which cover dormant roots of asparagus and are covered with 10cm of soil according to planting marks of asparagus planting furrows;
s14, asparagus field management
After one month of seedling emergence, timely checking and replenishing seedlings, watering water at the soles after seedling replenishment to ensure survival, and spraying certain rooting leaf fertilizers; topdressing is carried out on asparagus in time when young stems of each batch of asparagus are germinated, compound fertilizer (30 Kg/mu) is taken as a main material, the asparagus is continuously managed to the middle ten days of august, autumn fertilization (50 Kg/mu) is intensively carried out once, watering is carried out in time during the growth period of the asparagus according to soil moisture, and control is carried out on the asparagus by biological agents according to pest and disease damage and epidemic situations during the growth period of the asparagus;
s15, cleaning asparagus garden at the end of autumn
Cleaning asparagus at the bottom of 10 months in North China, finely crushing by using a field straw crushing and returning machine, returning the field straw to the field, spraying a bactericide once for soil disinfection, and preparing morchella after asparagus field planting in S4 to form a land;
s16, picking asparagus in spring
After morchella is harvested, smashing a nourishment bag, uniformly spreading 2-3 directions of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20Kg of urea and 5Kg of compound fertilizer per mu in combination with rotation of 666 square meters per square meter of land, shallow rotary tillage and leveling by a rotary cultivator, completely disinfecting the soil of the asparagus planting land once by using carbendazim, determining whether to water according to the soil condition, continuously heating the soil 5-10 cm underground for 7-10 days to 10 ℃ or above, allowing asparagus to sprout and begin to grow out of soil, allowing asparagus in northern China to generally grow out of soil in the last ten days of 3 months or in the last ten days of 4 months, starting to harvest in the last ten days of 4 months, and slightly delaying the time of early spring bamboo shoot growth along with the growth of the bamboo shoots;
s17, stopping picking asparagus and managing the field
After the asparagus are continuously harvested for 70-90 days, when the per mu yield per day is reduced to 1/2 or 1/3 of the normal yield per day, applying a fertilizer (50 kg/mu) as a main raw material to an asparagus field, stopping harvesting and keeping a mother stem, selecting young stems with the diameter of more than 1 centimeter and without bending and damage, uniformly distributing around a root disc as the mother stem, keeping 6-12 stems of each asparagus, timely topdressing, mainly applying the compound fertilizer (30 kg/mu), continuously managing to the middle ten days of august, repeatedly applying autumn fertilizer once, applying 40 kg of the compound fertilizer, 15 kg of urea, 2-3 parts of rotten organic fertilizer or 100-200 jin of bean cake per mu, timely watering the asparagus according to soil moisture during the growth period, and well preventing and controlling the asparagus by using a biological preparation according to pest and disease damage epidemic situation during the growth period;
preferably, the shallow ploughing depth in the S4 is 9-11 cm deep.
Preferably, the distance between the adjacent nutrient bags in the S7 is 35-45cm.
Preferably, the mushroom forcing condition in the S9 is that the lowest temperature in the continuous half-moon shed is not lower than 6 ℃.
Preferably, the morchella in the S12 with lighter color can be promoted to be rapidly blackened by increasing the light irradiation.
Preferably, the watering in S14 and S17 is carried out by drip irrigation.
Preferably, herbicide is prohibited in the weeding in S14 and S17.
Preferably, the soil disinfection is performed in S15 by using 16% dichlofluanid or 50% carbendazim.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the inter-linking time and space of the asparagus and the morchella are better economic benefit, and the utilization rate of the land and the cold shed and the income of farmers are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Examples
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a shed and preparing soil
Selecting a span: 8m, 12m, 16m, etc., length 60-100m, shoulder height: 3.5-5.5m arched roof multi-span greenhouse, sun-shading by a sun-shading net with a shading rate of 75%, taking a field rich in organic sandy loam and good in drainage as a planting land, arranging drainage ditches around the planting land, and deeply ploughing the planting land by 50cm to loosen and refine the planting soil, wherein the grain size of the soil is controlled to be 1-2cm;
s2, fertilizing
Applying 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer per 666 square meters, raking finely and leveling after ploughing, and applying 3000-4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and ternary compound fertilizer (or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of calcium superphosphate and 15 kg of potassium chloride) and 25-50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer in layers in planting ditches with the depth and width of 40 cm respectively;
s3, transplanting and planting asparagus
Selecting the planting time in late 10 months, selecting strong dormant roots with the growth seedling age of 90-120 days, the seedling height of 40-70 cm and the stem number of 5-7, ditching according to the row spacing of 1.5m, wherein the ditching depth is 15-20cm, and planting the dormant roots at the bottom of the ditch according to the plant spacing of 25 cm;
s4, preparing land and making ridges for morchella after asparagus field planting
Filling soil in a planting ditch for planting dormant roots of asparagus, leveling and marking the planted roots, after the planted soil is watered, when the soil is moist, applying 100 jin of compound fertilizer, 50 jin of urea, 200 jin of organic fertilizer and 1000 jin of thoroughly decomposed cattle and sheep manure per 666 square meters, improving the soil by mixing 150-200 jin of quick lime or plant ash, uniformly spreading the soil in a field, carrying out shallow rotary tillage twice by a rotary cultivator, wherein the shallow tillage depth is 10cm deep, the field surface is formed by arranging the asparagus and the morchella, the width is 120 cm, the length is not limited, the field surface is about 40 cm at intervals, and the asparagus and the morchella can be managed conveniently or the field area can be effectively utilized without making furrows;
s5, shading net and black mulching film with holes
The fungi are afraid of direct strong light, and an inner layer or an outer layer shading net (only six needles) is covered according to the weather conditions at that time, or the shading net is not covered, and a black mulching film is covered immediately after sowing, so that the main purpose is that the strong light is not seen;
s6, morchella esculenta seeding
Sowing at temperature below 20 deg.C for 11 months, uniformly spreading the mixed Morchella strains in the furrow between the rows of asparagus planting, or sowing the strains in the furrow by a sowing machine (or sowing machine), immediately covering soil 2-3 centimeters, and finally, fully pouring by using a polyacrylamide aqueous solution with the concentration of 3-5 percent; wherein the density of the sown morchella is 0.3-0.8kg/m 2 ；
S7, placing nutrient bags
After morchella conidia grow on the surface of the soil, placing nutrient bags, flattening the nutrient bags when placing, punching 20-25 holes on one surface, placing the punched surfaces downwards on the surface of the soil to enable the space between the adjacent nutrient bags to be 35-45cm, and immediately covering a black film after the nutrient bags are placed in a sowing way;
s8, management of spawn running period after sowing
The period from sowing to fruiting is called a spawn running period or a fungus culturing period, under the condition of film covering, management links are reduced as much as possible, excessive management is avoided, temperature control is needed, and under the condition of no film covering, moisture management needs to be needed;
s9, hypha dormancy
The method is characterized in that Morchella esculenta is planted in a cold shed in North China, due to the fact that the cold shed is poor in heat preservation and low in temperature, even though primordia are formed, young mushrooms are difficult to develop, at the moment, the temperature of the shed is reduced, large water is poured, hyphae are forced to enter dormancy, when the temperature is changed to be warm in 2 months in the next year, water is melted, and mushroom is naturally accelerated, and the condition for accelerating mushroom is that the lowest temperature in the continuous half-moon shed is not lower than 6 ℃;
s10, management of primordium and young mushroom period
7-10 mycelia can be differentiated to generate a large amount of primordia and young mushrooms after mushroom water is poured, and as the period is just a season with unstable climate and severe changes of temperature and humidity, the period needs to be carefully managed, and the management idea of ground temperature, humidity preservation and less ventilation (or no ventilation) is taken as a main management idea;
s11, management of growth stage of young mushrooms
In the growth stage of young mushrooms, temperature control and moisture preservation are taken as main management ideas, when the external temperature is too low, ventilation is stopped, water cannot be sprayed, and when the external temperature is too high, ventilation is increased, water is sprayed, and moisture is preserved;
s12, morchella harvesting
When the color of the morchella begins to become dark and the surface wrinkles are completely unfolded, the morchella can be harvested, the ventilation volume is properly increased one day before harvesting, once the morchella is mature, the morchella with a lighter color needs to be harvested in time, the morchella can be rapidly blackened by increasing the illumination, and although the morchella becomes bigger after harvesting, the walls of the morchella can become thinner, the quality is poor, and the sale price is influenced;
s13, after morchella harvest, arranging asparagus fields
After morchella is harvested, smashing a nutrient bag, uniformly spreading 20Kg of urea and 5Kg of compound fertilizer in each 666 square meters, shallow rotary tillage and leveling by a rotary cultivator, and clearing asparagus rows which cover dormant roots of asparagus and are covered with 10cm of soil according to planting marks of asparagus planting furrows;
s14, asparagus field management
After one month of seedling emergence, timely checking and replenishing seedlings, watering water at the soles after seedling replenishment to ensure survival, and spraying certain rooting leaf fertilizers; topdressing is carried out in time when young stems of asparagus in later period are extracted and germinated, compound fertilizers (30 Kg/mu) are taken as the main materials, the management is continuously carried out to the middle ten days of August, autumn fertilization (50 Kg/mu of compound fertilizers) is intensively applied once, watering is carried out in time according to soil moisture during the growth period of the asparagus, a drip irrigation mode is adopted, control is carried out on the asparagus by biological agents according to pest and disease damage and epidemic conditions during the growth period of the asparagus, and herbicides are forbidden during weed damage removal;
s15, cleaning the asparagus garden at the end of autumn
Cleaning asparagus at the bottom of 10 months in North China, carrying out fine crushing and field returning treatment by using a field straw crushing and field returning machine, spraying 16% of bactericide or 50% of carbendazim once for soil disinfection, and then carrying out asparagus field planting in S4 and then preparing morchella and making beds;
s16, picking asparagus in spring
After morchella is harvested, smashing a nutrient bag, uniformly spreading 2-3 squares of thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer, 20Kg of urea and 5Kg of compound fertilizer per mu in combination with a rotary land every 666 square meters, shallow rotary tillage and leveling by a rotary cultivator, and completely disinfecting the soil of an asparagus planting field once by using carbendazim, determining whether to water or not according to the soil condition, wherein the soil temperature of 5-10 cm underground continuously reaches 10 ℃ or more for 7-10 days, the asparagus bulbs start to sprout and grow out, asparagus generally grows out in the late 3 th day or the last 4 th day in northern China, and the picking starts in the late 4 th day, and the time for growing early spring bamboo shoots can be slightly delayed along with the growth of the bamboo shoots;
s17, stopping picking asparagus and managing the field
After the asparagus is continuously harvested for 70-90 days, when the per mu yield per day is reduced to 1/2 or 1/3 of the normal yield per day, applying a fertilizer (50 kg/mu) as a main raw material to an asparagus field, stopping harvesting and reserving mother stems, selecting young stems with the diameter of more than 1 centimeter, no bending or damage, uniformly distributed around a root disc as the mother stems, reserving 6-12 plants per asparagus, timely topdressing, mainly using the compound fertilizer (30 kg/mu), continuously managing to the middle ten days of august, repeatedly applying autumn fertilizer once, applying 40 kg of the compound fertilizer, 15 kg of urea, 2-3 parts of rotten organic fertilizer or 100-200 jin per mu of bean cake, timely watering the asparagus in the growing period according to soil moisture, adopting drip irrigation in a watering mode, well preparing a biological preparation for controlling diseases and pests in the growing period according to the pest situation, and forbidding to use a herbicide in weed control.
Those skilled in the art can install and operate the device according to the accompanying instructions without any inventive step.
All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a shed and preparing soil
Selecting a span: 8m, 12m, 16m, etc., length 60-100m, shoulder height: 3.5-5.5m arched roof multi-span greenhouse, shading the sun by using a shading net with shading rate of 75%, taking a field which is rich in organic sandy loam and good in drainage as a planting land, arranging drainage ditches around the planting land, and deeply turning the planting land for 50cm to loosen and refine the planting soil, wherein the grain size of the soil is controlled to be 1-2cm;
s2, fertilizing
Applying 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer per 666 square meters, raking finely and leveling after ploughing, and applying 3000-4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and ternary compound fertilizer (or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of calcium superphosphate and 15 kg of potassium chloride) and 25-50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer in layers in planting ditches with the depth and width of 40 cm respectively;
s3, transplanting and planting asparagus
Selecting the planting time in late 10 months, selecting strong dormant roots with the growth seedling age of 90-120 days, the seedling height of 40-70 cm and the stem number of 5-7, ditching according to the row spacing of 1.5m, wherein the ditching depth is 15-20cm, and planting the dormant roots at the bottom of the ditch according to the plant spacing of 25 cm;
s4, preparing a land bed by morchella after asparagus field planting
Filling soil in a planting ditch for planting dormant roots of asparagus, leveling and marking the planted roots, after the planted soil is watered, when the soil is moist, applying 100 jin of compound fertilizer, 50 jin of urea, 200 jin of organic fertilizer and 1000 jin of thoroughly decomposed cattle and sheep manure per 666 square meters, improving the soil by mixing 150-200 jin of quick lime or plant ash, uniformly spreading the mixture in the field, carrying out shallow rotary tillage twice by a rotary cultivator, forming a compartment surface, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 120 cm, the length of the compartment surface is not limited, the compartment surface is spaced by about 40 cm, the asparagus and morchella can be managed conveniently, or no furrows are made, and the land area can be effectively utilized;
s5, shading net and black mulching film with holes
The fungi are afraid of direct irradiation of strong light, and the inner layer or the outer layer of the shading net (six needles are enough) is covered firstly according to the weather conditions at that time, or the shading net is not covered, and the black mulching film is covered immediately after sowing, so that the main purpose is that the strong light is not seen;
s6, morchella seeding
The seeding is suitable for seeding in 11 months with the temperature below 20 ℃ generally, and the seeds are stirred wellUniformly spreading the morchella strains in the furrows in the middle of the row spacing for field planting of the asparagus, or ditching by using a seeder (a common seeder can also be used), uniformly spreading the strains on the ground surface, immediately covering soil for 2-3 cm, and finally thoroughly watering by using a polyacrylamide aqueous solution with the concentration of 3% -5%; wherein the density of the sown morchella is 0.3-0.8kg/m 2 ；
S7, placing nutrient bags
After morchella conidia grow on the surface of the soil, placing a nutrient bag, flattening the nutrient bag when placing, wherein 20-25 holes are punched on one surface, the punched surface is placed on the surface of the soil downwards, and a black film is covered immediately after the nutrient bag is placed in a sowing way;
s8, management of spawn running period after sowing
The period from sowing to fruiting is called as a spawn running period or a mushroom culturing period, under the condition of film covering, management links are reduced as much as possible, excessive management is avoided, temperature control is only needed, and under the condition of no film covering, water management is needed;
s9, hypha dormancy
Morchella is planted in a cold shed in North China, due to poor heat preservation and low temperature of the cold shed, even though primordium is formed, young mushrooms are difficult to develop, at the moment, the temperature of the shed is reduced, large water is poured, hypha is promoted to enter dormancy, and after the air is heated in 2 months in the next year, water is melted to naturally promote the mushrooms;
s10, management of primordium and young mushroom period
7-10 mycelia can be differentiated to generate a large amount of primordia and young mushrooms after mushroom water is poured, and as the period is just a season with unstable climate and severe changes of cold and heat, the period is carefully managed, and the management idea of ground temperature, humidity preservation and less ventilation (or no ventilation) is taken as a main management idea;
s11, management of growth stage of young mushrooms
In the growth stage of young mushrooms, temperature control and moisture preservation are taken as main management ideas, when the external temperature is too low, ventilation is stopped, water cannot be sprayed, and when the external temperature is too high, ventilation is increased, water is sprayed, and moisture is preserved;
s12, harvesting Morchella esculenta
When the color of the morchella begins to deepen and surface folds are completely unfolded, the morchella can be harvested, the ventilation quantity is properly increased one day before harvesting, once the morchella is ripe, the morchella is harvested in time, and although the head of the morchella is enlarged after late harvesting, the walls of the morchella become thinner, the quality phase is poor, and the sale price is influenced;
s13, after morchella harvest, arranging asparagus fields
After morchella is harvested, smashing a nutrient bag, uniformly spreading 20Kg of urea and 5Kg of compound fertilizer in each 666 square meters, shallow rotary tillage and leveling by a rotary cultivator, and clearing asparagus rows which cover dormant roots of asparagus and are covered with 10cm of soil according to planting marks of asparagus planting furrows;
s14, field management of asparagus
After one month of seedling emergence, timely checking and replenishing seedlings, watering water at the soles after seedling replenishment to ensure survival, and spraying certain rooting leaf fertilizers; topdressing is carried out on asparagus in time when young stems of asparagus in later period are extracted and germinated, compound fertilizer (30 Kg/mu) is taken as the main material, the asparagus is continuously managed to the middle ten days of August, autumn fertilization (50 Kg/mu of compound fertilizer) is intensively applied once, the asparagus is watered in time during growth according to soil moisture content, and the asparagus is well prevented and treated by biological agents according to pest and disease damage epidemic situation during growth;
s15, cleaning the asparagus garden at the end of autumn
Cleaning asparagus at the bottom of 10 months in North China, finely crushing by using a field straw crushing and returning machine, returning the field straw to the field, spraying a bactericide once for soil disinfection, and preparing morchella after asparagus field planting in S4 to form a land;
s16, picking asparagus in spring
After morchella is harvested, smashing a nutrient bag, uniformly spreading 2-3 squares of thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer, 20Kg of urea and 5Kg of compound fertilizer per mu in combination with a rotary land every 666 square meters, shallow rotary tillage and leveling by a rotary cultivator, and completely disinfecting the soil of an asparagus planting field once by using carbendazim, determining whether to water or not according to the soil condition, wherein the soil temperature of 5-10 cm underground continuously reaches 10 ℃ or more for 7-10 days, the asparagus bulbs start to sprout and grow out, asparagus generally grows out in the late 3 th day or the last 4 th day in northern China, and the picking starts in the late 4 th day, and the time for growing early spring bamboo shoots can be slightly delayed along with the growth of the bamboo shoots;
s17, stopping picking asparagus and managing the field
After the asparagus are continuously harvested for 7090 days, when the yield per mu per day is reduced to 1/2 or 1/3 of the normal yield every day, applying a fertilizer (50 kg/mu) as a main raw material to an asparagus field, stopping harvesting and keeping a mother stem, selecting young stems with the diameter of more than 1 centimeter and without bending and damage, uniformly distributing around a root disc as the mother stems, keeping 6-12 stems of each asparagus, timely topdressing, mainly applying the fertilizer (30 kg/mu), continuously managing to the middle ten days of august, repeatedly applying autumn fertilizer once, applying 40 kg of the compound fertilizer, 15 kg of urea, 2-3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer or 100-200 jin of bean cake per mu, timely watering the asparagus in the growth period according to soil moisture, and well preventing and controlling the asparagus in the growth period according to pest and disease damage epidemic situation.
2. The efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shallow plowing depth in the S4 is 9-11 cm deep.
3. The efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent nutrient bags in the S7 is 35-45cm.
4. The efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mushroom-forcing condition in S9 is that the minimum temperature in a continuous half-moon greenhouse is not lower than 6 ℃.
5. The efficient planting method for interplanting of asparagus and morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the morchella in S12 with a lighter color can be rapidly blackened by increasing light irradiation.
6. The efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein watering is carried out in a drip irrigation mode in S14 and S17.
7. The efficient planting method for interplanting asparagus and morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein herbicides are prohibited for weed control in S14 and S17.
8. The efficient planting method for interplanting of asparagus and morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S15, soil disinfection is performed by using 16% dichlofluanid or 50% carbendazim.
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| CN106211961A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-14 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Herba Sedi Aizoon and the implantation methods of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers interplanting |
| CN109874617A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-06-14 | 杨国勇 | A kind of implantation methods of asparagus |
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| CN106211961A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-14 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Herba Sedi Aizoon and the implantation methods of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers interplanting |
| CN109874617A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-06-14 | 杨国勇 | A kind of implantation methods of asparagus |
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