CN115502072B - 一种取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法 - Google Patents
一种取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,属于取向硅钢制造领域。本发明包括开卷‑碱洗‑电解‑冲洗‑形核热处理‑氧化镁涂覆‑烘干‑卷取,其中形核热处理段采用电磁感应加热,加热速率120~150℃/s,带钢在热处理段迅速加热至温度600~650℃,气氛中氧含量控制在600~800ppm。通过本发明的涂覆工艺,使得涂层厚度均匀,无漏涂缺陷,附着性较好,涂层板以有利织构{111}<112>为主,高斯织构含量最高达到2.5%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及取向硅钢制造技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法。
背景技术
取向硅钢带是只有单一高斯织构的一种功能性磁性材料,由于它电阻大,运行过程中铁芯上消耗的电能小;由于它的磁化具有强烈的方向性,所以所需方向上的磁感高,铁芯的利用率高,运行效率高,因此得到广泛应用。取向硅钢带加工时需要表面涂氧化镁,目的是防止成卷取向硅钢带在后续的高温退火工序中,钢带间相互粘连,另外,也为了在后续的高温退火工序中,使涂在钢带表面的氧化镁与前面工序中在钢带表面已形成的二氧化硅反应在钢带表面生成硅酸镁底层,从而提高取向硅钢成品的层间电阻。目前氧化镁的涂覆工艺方式多样,其实践效果也各有优劣,如何优化氧化镁涂覆工艺,提高产品质量是企业始终的追求。
经检索,中国专利申请号:2012100012955,发明创造名称为:一种取向硅钢带表面氧化镁的涂布方法,该申请案将待喷涂氧化镁的取向硅钢带通过两涂辊之间,采用氧化镁供给设备进行喷涂,通过控制氧化镁的粘度、涂辊带速、涂布量等工艺,保证氧化镁供给设备连续性和稳定性,解决喷涂不平整的问题。
又如中国专利申请号:2015101962785,发明创造名称为:冷轧取向硅钢氧化镁涂层生产工艺,该申请案包括:脱脂;水洗;烘干;氧化镁涂层:单面涂料量为5~8g/m2;涂层后的钢带经天然气烘干炉烘干,炉内温度为350~500℃;钢带卷取:将涂层液烘干后的钢带经收卷机卷齐,张力控制在500~900Kg。
综上,目前对于氧化镁的涂覆已经是行业内常见的成熟工艺,上述技术均为解决涂层质量的问题,都没有考虑到利用涂层工序中的热处理技术提高带钢的有利织构组分。因为涂完氧化镁紧接着就是高温退火工序,如果能在涂层工序获得更多促进高温退火二次再结晶的有利织构,将大幅改善最终产品的质量。
发明内容
1.发明要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中取向硅钢氧化镁涂覆仅考虑涂层板表面涂层质量,而不考虑内部微观织构的问题,拟提供一种取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,保证涂层质量的同时,保证涂层板以有利织构{111}<112>为主,同时高斯织构含量最高可达2.5%,从而有效提高产品质量。
2.技术方案
为达到上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:
本发明的一种取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,其中取向硅钢冷轧板的来料厚度≤0.23mm,通过本发明的涂覆工艺,使得涂层厚度均匀,无漏涂缺陷,附着性较好,涂层板以有利织构{111}<112>为主,高斯织构含量最高达到2.5%。
本发明的涂覆方法包括开卷-碱洗-电解-冲洗-形核热处理-氧化镁涂覆-烘干-卷取,其中开卷张力为150~200kg,带钢运行速度60~100m/min,既防止对传动辊的过度磨损,又避免板型不良。
更进一步地,碱洗温度控制在50~60℃,碱液浓度2~4%,冲洗辊电流控制在10~15A。
更进一步地,电解温度控制在60~70℃,电解液浓度4~6%,电流控制在2000~3000A。
更进一步地,冲洗采用水流冲洗辊,冲洗辊电流为10-15A。
本发明采用碱洗、电解和水洗逐层递进相互配合,以充分保障将带钢表面冷轧时的轧制油、乳化液等清洗干净,避免影响涂层均匀性和钢带表面质量,确保清洗的高效、低成本和高质量。碱洗、电解温度过低,清洗效果差,温度过高,挥发严重;同时浓度太低,清洗力度不够,浓度太高,利用率降低,成本增加。对碱洗、水冲洗的冲洗辊电流进行限制,控制在10-15A,电流太小,冲洗辊与带钢板面接触缝隙大,冲洗不干净;电流太大,冲洗辊与板面过于压紧,板面与冲洗辊摩擦力过大,摩擦损伤冲洗辊,同时板面易出现色差。控制在10-15A既可以保证冲洗质量,又最大程度保护冲洗辊。
更进一步地,形核热处理段采用电磁感应加热,加热速率120~150℃/s,带钢在热处理段迅速加热至温度600~650℃,气氛中氧含量控制在600~800ppm,其余为N2。本发明中采用电磁感应加热,确保升温速率达到120~150℃/s,使带钢迅速升至600~650℃,目的一是快速越过冷轧带回复过程,直接进入形核阶段,促使有利织构{111}快速、大量形核;二是快速越过回复阶段,保留更多的位错等亚结构,高温退火过程中Al和N沿亚晶界扩散容易,高斯晶粒更容易长大。本发明中热处理温度若低于600℃,回复程度明显,则以上作用消失;热处理温度若高于650℃,再结晶完成程度增加,组织更稳定,AIN弥散分布,如果高温退火过程AIN不能够粗化,高斯晶粒就不能充分长大;此外,本发明保持600~650℃形核热处理温度可以保留{110}微观应变储能的优势,因此可得到比低温回复热处理与高温再结晶热处理更多的{110}<001>(高斯)有利织构,在600~650℃区间内随着温度升高,{110}<001>有利织构含量增加,最高可达2.5%。热处理气氛中氧含量控制在600~800ppm,适当增加SiO2含量,生成硅酸镁。氧含量太低,生产的硅酸镁底层太薄,附着性也不好;氧含量过高,生产的硅酸镁底层太厚,反而容易结块脱落。
更进一步地,本发明中氧化镁涂覆段涂布量控制在4~8g/m2,涂液含水量为4~6%,涂液温度为10~15℃,氧化镁涂液从开封到用完不超过8小时。本发明中若氧化镁涂覆太厚,则基体中AlN分解导致生成更多的镁铝尖晶石,降低附着性;若氧化镁涂覆太少,则底层太薄,附着性也不好;若涂液水化率过低或者过高,涂液温度过低或者过高,则形成的底层太薄或者太厚,附着性均不好。氧化镁涂液开封到用完不超过8小时,也是为了保证含水量,时间超过8小时,吸收空气中水分,含水量增加。采用本发明的工艺配合,则充分保障涂层附着性。
更进一步地,本发明中涂层后烘干温度500~600℃,卷取张力700~800kg。烘干温度的高低同样影响涂覆效果,烧结温度过高,层间电阻下降,易出裂纹;烧结温度太低,烘干效果不好,附着性差。烧结工艺配合前面的脱脂工艺、氧含量控制、涂层工艺,最终产品涂层均匀,厚度合适,附着性较好,带钢表面无色差,确保涂层质量。
本发明中热处理气氛中氧含量、氧化镁涂覆段工艺为相互制约,相互配合,在范围内可获得质量较好的硅酸镁底层,任一方超出工艺范围,则导致底层太薄、太厚、或者不均匀。
采用本发明的设计思路,对于厚度超过0.23mm的来料,通过进一步调整过程参数,也能达到相同的效果。
3.有益效果
采用本发明提供的技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明的取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,形核热处理段采用电磁感应加热,确保升温速率达到120~150℃/s,使带钢迅速升至600~650℃,越过冷轧带回复过程,直接进入形核阶段,促使有利织构{111}快速、大量形核;二是快速越过回复阶段,保留更多的位错等亚结构,高温退火过程中Al和N沿亚晶界扩散容易,高斯晶粒更容易长大,最终涂层板以有利织构{111}<112>为主,并且增加了高斯织构,含量最高达到2.5%,显著提升产品质量。并且升温速率、温度越接近工艺的上限值,高斯织构含量越高。涂层工序的形核热处理技术也是本发明首次提出。
(2)本发明的取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,采用碱洗、电解和水洗逐层递进相互配合,以充分保障将带钢表面冷轧时的轧制油、乳化液等清洗干净,避免影响涂层均匀性和钢带表面质量,确保清洗的高效、低成本和高质量。
(3)本发明的取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,形核热处理氧含量控制在600~800ppm,形成有效含量的SiO2,生成厚度合适、均匀的硅酸镁底层。本发明解决了传统流程是在脱碳退火过程控制氧含量形成SiO2,但在冷轧后表面质量遭到破坏,从而导致涂层后硅酸镁底层厚度不均、附着力低的技术难题。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的涂层板织构示意图,以有利织构{111}<112>为主;
图2为实施例2的涂层板织构示意图,以有利织构{111}<112>为主,{110}<001>含量2.5%;
图3为对比例的涂层板织构示意图,以不利织构{111}<110>为主。
具体实施方式
为进一步了解本发明的内容,结合附图对本发明作详细描述。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
本实施例的取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,包括开卷、碱洗、电解、冲洗、形核热处理、涂MgO、烘干、卷取过程,其中:开卷张力控制在150kg,带钢运行速度60m/min;碱洗温度控制在50℃,碱液浓度2%,电流控制在10A;电解温度控制在60℃,电解液浓度4%,电流控制在2000A;水冲洗辊电流10A;热处理段采用电磁感应加热,加热速率120℃/s,带钢在热处理段迅速加热至温度600℃,气氛中O含量控制在600ppm;MgO涂布量控制在4g/m2,涂液含水量4%,涂液温度10℃,8小时用完;涂层后烘干温度500℃;卷取张力700kg;得到的涂层板织构如图1所示,以有利织构{111}<112>为主。
实施例2
本实施例的取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,包括开卷、碱洗、电解、冲洗、形核热处理、涂MgO、烘干、卷取过程,其中:开卷张力控制在200kg,带钢运行速度100m/min;碱洗温度控制在60℃,碱液浓度4%,电流控制在15A;电解温度控制在70℃,电解液浓度6%,电流控制在3000A;水冲洗辊电流15A;热处理段采用电磁感应加热,加热速率150℃/s,带钢在热处理段迅速加热至温度650℃,气氛中O含量控制在800ppm;MgO涂布量控制在8g/m2,涂液含水量6%,涂液温度15℃,6小时用完;涂层后烘干温度600℃;卷取张力800kg。得到的涂层板织构如图2所示,以有利织构{111}<112>为主,{110}<001>含量达到2.5%。
实施例3
本实施例的取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,包括开卷、碱洗、电解、冲洗、形核热处理、涂MgO、烘干、卷取过程,其中:开卷张力控制在180kg,带钢运行速度80m/min;碱洗温度控制在55℃,碱液浓度3%,电流控制在12A;电解温度控制在65℃,电解液浓度5%,电流控制在2500A;水冲洗辊电流12A;热处理段采用电磁感应加热,加热速率140℃/s,带钢在热处理段迅速加热至温度630℃,气氛中O含量控制在700ppm;MgO涂布量控制在5g/m2,涂液含水量5%,涂液温度12℃,7小时用完;涂层后烘干温度550℃;卷取张力760kg;得到的涂层板织构以有利织构{111}<112>为主,{110}<001>含量达到2.0%。
实施例4
本实施例的取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,包括开卷、碱洗、电解、冲洗、形核热处理、涂MgO、烘干、卷取过程,其中:开卷张力控制在180kg,带钢运行速度90m/min;碱洗温度控制在58℃,碱液浓度2%,电流控制在15A;电解温度控制在68℃,电解液浓度4.5%,电流控制在2700A;水冲洗辊电流12A;热处理段采用电磁感应加热,加热速率130℃/s,带钢在热处理段迅速加热至温度630℃,气氛中O含量控制在650ppm;MgO涂布量控制在5g/m2,涂液含水量5%,涂液温度12℃,7小时用完;涂层后烘干温度560℃;卷取张力760kg。得到的涂层板织构以有利织构{111}<112>为主,{110}<001>含量达到0.9%。
对比例1
本对比例的一种取向硅钢涂MgO工艺,包括开卷、碱洗、电解、冲洗、烘干热处理、涂MgO、烘干、卷取过程,其中:开卷张力控制在200kg,带钢运行速度100m/min;碱洗温度控制在60℃,碱液浓度4%,电流控制在15A;电解温度控制在70℃,电解液浓度6%,电流控制在3000A;水冲洗辊电流15A;烘干热处理温度300℃,100%氮气气氛;MgO涂布量控制在8g/m2,涂液含水量6%,涂液温度15℃,8小时用完;涂层后烘干温度600℃;卷取张力800kg;得到的涂层板织构如图3所示,以不利织构{111}<110>为主。
对比例2
本对比例的一种取向硅钢涂MgO工艺,包括开卷、碱洗、电解、冲洗、形核热处理、涂MgO、烘干、卷取过程,其中:开卷张力控制在150kg,带钢运行速度60m/min;碱洗温度控制在50℃,碱液浓度2%,电流控制在5A;电解温度控制在60℃,电解液浓度4%,电流控制在1000A;水冲洗辊电流5A;热处理段采用电磁感应加热,烘干温度400℃,100%氮气气氛;MgO涂布量控制在4g/m2,涂液含水量4%,涂液温度10℃,12小时用完;涂层后烘干温度500℃;卷取张力700kg;得到的涂层板织构以不利织构{111}<110>为主,且涂层太薄,出现色差,清洗不干净导致涂层粘结力差。
对比例3
本对比例的一种取向硅钢涂MgO工艺,包括开卷、碱洗、电解、冲洗、形核热处理、涂MgO、烘干、卷取过程,其中:开卷张力控制在120kg,带钢运行速度60m/min;碱洗温度控制在80℃,碱液浓度2%,电流控制在20A;电解温度控制在60℃,电解液浓度4%,电流控制在2000A;水冲洗辊电流20A;热处理段采用电磁感应加热,烘干温度400℃,100%氮气气氛;MgO涂布量控制在15g/m2,涂液含水量4%,涂液温度10℃,10小时用完;涂层后烘干温度500℃;卷取张力700kg;得到的涂层板织构以不利织构{111}<110>为主,且局部出现露晶现象,涂层太厚结块脱落,清洗辊辊刷磨损严重。
以上示意性的对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述,该描述没有限制性,只是本发明的实施方式之一,实际并不局限于此。所以,如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种取向硅钢表面氧化镁涂覆方法,其特征在于:包括开卷-碱洗-电解-冲洗-形核热处理-氧化镁涂覆-烘干-卷取,取向硅钢冷轧板的来料厚度≤0.23mm;碱洗温度控制在50~60℃,碱液浓度2~4%,冲洗辊电流控制在10~15A;电解温度控制在60~70℃,电解液浓度4~6%,电流控制在2000~3000A;冲洗采用水流冲洗,冲洗辊电流为10-15A;
其中形核热处理段采用电磁感应加热,加热速率120~150℃/s,带钢在热处理段迅速加热至温度600~650℃,气氛中氧含量控制在600~800ppm,其余为N2;
开卷张力为150~200kg,带钢运行速度60~100m/min;氧化镁涂覆段涂布量控制在4~8g/m2,涂液含水量为4~6% ,涂液温度为10~15℃,氧化镁涂液从开封到用完不超过8小时;涂层后烘干温度500~600℃,卷取张力700~800kg;得到的取向硅钢涂层板以有利织构{111}<112>为主,高斯织构含量最高达到2.5%。
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冷轧取向硅钢热处理工艺及加热炉设计;石祥;吴尚;;金属材料与冶金工程(第02期);第39-43页 * |
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