CN115500158A

CN115500158A - One-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method

Info

Publication number: CN115500158A
Application number: CN202211221258.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘绍坤; 鲁荣海; 黄科文; 席春奕; 向娟; 李丽平; 谭华强; 唐有万; 陈玲
Original assignee: Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2022-08-17
Filing date: 2022-10-08
Publication date: 2022-12-23
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-08
Also published as: CN115500158B; CN115152444A

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) treating rootstock seeds; (2) stock sowing and cultivation; (3) treating the scion seeds; (4) scion seeding and cultivating; (5) grafting multiple seedlings by one stock: dividing the stock into a root section and a plurality of cutting sections, and grafting the root section and the cutting sections simultaneously; and (6) managing after grafting. According to the invention, through modern seedling environment regulation and growth regulation and control technologies, the thickness of the stem of the stock is ensured, the growth of the main stem internodes is promoted, 2-3 sections of the stem internodes are intercepted, and grafted and cut with 2-3 scion seedlings for rooting, and meanwhile, 1 conventional grafted seedling is formed by grafting the root section and 1 scion, so that the seedling emergence amount of the high-quality grafted seedling can be improved by 2-3 times in the same period, and the seedling cost is greatly reduced.

Description

One-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a one-stock multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method.

Background

Eggplant (SolanumMelongenal) is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and various minerals, particularly is rich in nutritional ingredients such as VE, VP, solanine and chlorogenic acid, and has various dietetic therapy and health care effects. Eggplant cultivated in China has a long history, is various in types and varieties and is considered as a secondary origin of eggplant.

The eggplants are important vegetable crops in China, and the cultivation area of the eggplants is about 1400 ten thousand mu, and accounts for 3.7 percent of the total area of vegetable planting. Due to continuous cropping in eggplant cultivation areas throughout the year, diseases such as verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, root-knot nematode and the like are serious, and grafting cultivation technology is often adopted in production to overcome the diseases. However, the traditional eggplant grafting seedling adopts a one-to-one grafting mode of 'stock-scion', and when the Tuolubamu is used as the stock, the stock needs about 70 days from seeding to grafting, the management time is long, and the cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a one-stock multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method, which changes the traditional one-to-one grafting mode of 'stock-scion', ensures the thickness of stock stems, promotes the growth of main stem internodes, intercepts 2-3 segments of the stem internodes, grafts and sticks to take root with 2-3 scion seedlings, and forms 1 conventional grafted seedling by grafting the root segment and 1 scion, thereby improving the seedling emergence amount of high-quality grafted seedlings by 2-3 times in the same period and greatly reducing the seedling raising cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a one-stock multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

(1) Rootstock seed treatment

Soaking rootstock seeds in gibberellin solution for 20-24 h, taking out, cleaning, placing in an environment of 25-30 ℃ for moisturizing and accelerating germination until more than 85% of the seeds are exposed to white;

(2) Stock seeding cultivation

Sowing the seeds treated in the step (1) on a seedling substrate, covering the seedling substrate on the seeds, watering, and sequentially performing seedling stage management, squat seedling management and internode growth promotion management;

(3) Scion seed treatment

Soaking the scion seeds in a bactericide for 20-30 min, taking out, cleaning, soaking the seeds in warm water for 15-20 min, and accelerating germination for 8-10 h at 25-30 ℃;

(4) Scion seeding

Sowing the seeds treated in the step (3) on a seedling raising substrate, covering the seeds with the seedling raising substrate, watering, and performing the same seedling stage management as the step (2);

(5) One-stock multi-seedling grafting

Dividing the stock into a root section and a plurality of cutting sections, and then grafting the root section and the cutting sections simultaneously:

s1, grafting of cuttage sections

When the stem length of the upper part of the main leaf of the stock is 1.5-2.5 cm and the stem length of the lower part is 5-7 cm, carrying out cuttage section grafting, cutting off the unusable part at the top by using a blade, removing all leaves, then dividing the cuttage section into a plurality of sections, and respectively grafting the cut stem sections by adopting a cleft grafting or sticking grafting mode;

s2, root segment grafting

After the grafting of the cutting section is finished, the length of the rest stalks to the root is 4-5 cm, and then the root is grafted by adopting a cleft grafting or sticking grafting mode;

(6) Post-grafting management

And after grafting is finished, performing healing period management, fertilizer and water management and hardening management until seedling emergence.

Further, the stock is Turpa, and the scion is eggplant; stock seeds are sown 90-95 days before grafting in winter, and scion seeds are sown 45-50 days before grafting; the stock seeds are sown 75-80 days before grafting in summer and autumn, and the scion seeds are sown 35-40 days before grafting.

Further, the preparation method of the seedling substrate in the step (2) or (4) comprises the following steps:

mixing a substrate with the weight of 2-4: 0.5-1 with perlite, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder and phoxim granules into the seedling substrate after mixing, adding water for soaking after uniformly stirring, and then covering and stacking for 24-30 h by using a film.

Further, the addition amount of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and phoxim granules in the seedling culture substrate is 100g/m respectively ³ And 250g/m ³ 。

Furthermore, the medium is selected from domestic seedling medium or imported seedling medium, the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm, and the preferable medium is purchased from MIKSKAAR company.

Further, the specific process of stock seeding is as follows:

uniformly scattering stock seeds after germination acceleration on a seedbed or a scattering disk, sowing 4-5 g seeds in each square meter of seedbed, paving a seedling substrate with the thickness of 3cm on the seedbed or the scattering disk before sowing, uniformly scattering the seedling substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1cm on the seeds after sowing, and then thoroughly watering with clear water.

Further, the specific process of seedling management in step (2) is as follows:

(1) Temperature of

The temperature in the seedling raising room is kept between 25 and 30 ℃ in daytime and between 18 and 20 ℃ at night;

(2) Illumination of light

In high-temperature seasons, the noon illumination is strong, and a sun-shading system is used for reducing the illumination intensity; in low-temperature seasons, lighting surfaces of protection facilities need to be cleaned to increase illumination, and if rainy days occur, the illumination intensity can be improved through light supplement;

(3) Humidity

The water content of the seedling substrate is controlled at 70% in the seed germination stage, the seedling substrate is unfolded from cotyledons to 2 leaves and 1 heart, and the water content of the seedling substrate is maintained at 40-50%;

(4) Fertilizing

Fertilizing is started when cotyledons are completely unfolded, the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer is 65-75 mg/kg, and the fertilization is carried out 2-3 times per week; from the stage of completely developing cotyledons to the stage of growing true leaves, the nitrogen fertilizer concentration is 100-140 mg/kg, the fertilizer and water are applied along with water, and fertilizer and water are applied for 1 time every 2-3 days; the irrigation frequency needs to be adjusted according to the temperature, and the fertilizer concentration also needs to be properly adjusted;

(5) Separating seedlings

When the stock seedlings grow to 1 leaf and 1 heart, the seedlings are transplanted into 50-hole plug trays in a separated mode.

Further, the squat seedling management in step (2) comprises the following specific processes:

(1) Time of squat

When the stock seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings begin to squat, the stem internodes of the seedlings are shortened, the thickness of the stems is increased, and the seedlings squat to 3 leaves and 1 heart and 4 leaves and 1 heart;

(2) Temperature of

The temperature in the seedling raising room is kept at 26 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ at night;

(3) Humidity of air

The water content of the seedling substrate is controlled at 30 percent;

(4) Fertilising

In the stage, no nitrogen fertilizer is applied, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 100-120 mg/kg is applied, the fertilizer is applied along with water, and the fertilizer water is applied for 1 time every 2-3 days;

(5) Hormone controlling vigorous growth

Spraying chlormequat chloride on leaf surfaces for 1 time in summer, wherein the concentration is 300mg/kg, and the spraying time is selected after 3 pm; the spraying is not needed in winter.

Further, after squatting in the step (2), when the stock seedling grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, internode growth promotion management is started, and the specific process is as follows:

(1) Management of fertilizer and water

Applying N, P and K compound fertilizers with the weight ratio of 20.

(2) Hormone treatment

Spraying 1-time auxin on leaf surfaces, wherein the concentration is 80mg/kg, and the spraying time is selected after 3 pm;

(3) Shading treatment

Shading treatment is carried out by adopting a black shading net with shading rate of about 30% at 11 noon to 3 afternoon for 1 week, then the shading net is folded, normal illumination is recovered for 1 week, and shading treatment is carried out repeatedly for 1 week.

Further, grafting the cutting segments:

(1) The cutting segment cleft grafting operation is as follows

Horizontally cutting the upper stem leaves of the main leaves with a blade from the position 1.5-2.5 cm above the internode length at the top of the stock to meet the requirement, and longitudinally cutting the main leaves downwards for 1cm along the center of a section; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the cut, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the cut of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clip; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaves of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of naphthalene acetic acid serving as a rooting agent: indolebutyric acid =1, cutting into a plug tray filled with a matrix, wherein the insertion depth is 4cm; repeating the steps until the length of the rootstock stem to the root is 4-5 cm, and ensuring that the true leaves of the rootstock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape;

the cutting segment cleft grafting specifically operates as follows:

(2) The concrete operation of sticking and grafting the cutting segments is as follows

Cutting off the upper stem leaves of the main leaves of the stock by a blade from a position 1-1.5 cm away from the internode length at the top of the stock to meet the requirement and obliquely cutting the main leaves at an angle of 30-35 degrees upwards to ensure that the length of the cut is 0.7cm; obliquely cutting at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below 2-3 true leaves at the top of the scion to ensure that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, tightly attaching the scion and the stock cut, and fixing the scion and the stock cut by using a grafting clamp; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaves of the section of the stock by using a blade, and dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid: and (2) cutting the rootstock into a plug tray filled with the matrix, wherein the insertion depth is 4cm, repeating the step until the length of the rootstock stem to the root is 4-5 cm, and enabling true leaves of the rootstock and the scion to be distributed in a cross shape.

Further, root segment grafting:

(1) The root segment cleft grafting specifically operates as follows:

horizontally cutting off the upper stem leaves from the root of the stock at a position 4-5 cm away by using a blade, and longitudinally cutting the stock by 1cm downwards along the center of a section; cutting off the top of the scion at a position 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 main leaves, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the incision, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the incision of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clamp so that the stock and the main leaves of the scion are distributed in a cross shape.

(2) The root segment splicing operation is as follows:

a blade is used for obliquely cutting 30-35 degrees upwards from the position 3-4 cm above the root of the stock to cut off the upper stem leaves, and the length of the cut is ensured to be 0.7cm; obliquely cutting the 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below the main leaves, ensuring that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a cut of the stock, closely attaching the scion and the cut of the stock, and fixing the scion and the cut of the stock by using a grafting clip, so that the main leaves of the stock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, through modern seedling environment regulation and growth regulation and control technologies, the thickness of the stem of the stock is ensured, the growth of the main stem internodes is promoted, 2-3 sections of the stem internodes are intercepted, and grafted and cut with 2-3 scion seedlings for rooting, and meanwhile, 1 conventional grafted seedling is formed by grafting the root section and 1 scion, so that the seedling emergence amount of the high-quality grafted seedling can be improved by 2-3 times in the same period, and the seedling cost is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the effect of one-stock multi-seedling grafting technology on strong seedling index of eggplant seedlings.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all changes that can be made by the invention using the inventive concept are intended to be protected.

Example 1

A one-stock multi-seedling type high-efficiency grafting seedling raising method for eggplants comprises the following specific processes:

1. matrix formulation

The seedling substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: perlite =4:1, selecting a substrate purchased from MIKSKAAR company, wherein the purchased substrate requires that all components are uniformly mixed, the hand feeling is soft, no mildew or agglomeration exists, the air permeability is high, the drainage is good, no insect eggs, no grass seeds or pathogenic bacteria exist, the quality is light, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 35%. The particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm. 100g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 250g of 5 percent phoxim granules are added into each square meter of seedling raising matrix, the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred, and the mixture is covered and stacked for 24 hours after being soaked by water.

2. Stock seedling raising

1) Stock selection and seeding time

The rootstock is selected from Tuolubam. Seeding 90-95 days before grafting in winter, and seeding 75-80 days before grafting in summer and autumn.

2) Seed treatment

100-200 mg/L Gibberellin (GA) for rootstock seeds ₃ ) Soaking the solution for 24h, fishing out, washing, wrapping with wet gauze or mesh bag, placing at 25-30 deg.C for moisturizing and accelerating germination, washing 1-2 times per day, and sowing when about 85% of seeds are exposed.

3) Seeding

The stock seeds are evenly scattered on a seedbed or a scattering disk after pregermination, and 4-5 g of seeds are used per square meter of seedbed. Spreading seedling substrate with thickness of about 3cm on the seedbed or spreading plate before sowing, uniformly spreading seedling substrate with thickness of about 0.5-1cm after sowing, and thoroughly watering with clear water.

4) Management of seedling stage

(1) Temperature of

The temperature in the seedling raising room is kept between 25 and 30 ℃ in daytime and between 18 and 20 ℃ at night.

(2) Illumination of light

In high-temperature seasons, the noon illumination is strong, and a sun-shading system is used for reducing the illumination intensity; in low-temperature seasons, lighting surfaces of the protection facilities need to be cleaned to increase illumination, and if the protection facilities meet rainy days, the illumination intensity can be improved through light supplement.

(3) Humidity of air

The water content of the seedling substrate is controlled to be about 70% in the seed germination stage. The seedling substrate is spread from the cotyledon to 2 leaves and 1 heart, and the water content of the seedling substrate is maintained at 40-50%.

(4) Fertilizing

Fertilizing is started when cotyledons are completely unfolded, the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer is 65-75 mg/kg, and the fertilization is carried out 2-3 times per week; from the stage of complete development of cotyledon to the stage of true leaf growth, nitrogen fertilizer concentration is 100-140 mg/kg, and the fertilizer and water are applied together with water for 1 time every 2-3 days. The irrigation frequency needs to be adjusted according to the temperature, and the fertilizer concentration also needs to be properly adjusted.

5) Separating seedlings

When the rootstock seedlings grow to 1 leaf and 1 heart, the seedlings are transplanted into 50-hole plug trays in a separated mode.

6) Management of squat seedlings

(1) Time of squat

When the stock seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings begin to squat, the stem internodes of the seedlings are shortened, the thickness of the stems is increased, and the seedlings squat to 3 leaves and 1 heart and 4 leaves and 1 heart.

(2) Temperature of

The indoor temperature of the seedling growing room is kept at about 26 ℃ in the daytime and about 15 ℃ at night.

(3) Humidity

The water content of the seedling substrate is controlled to be about 30 percent.

(4) Fertilizing

In the stage, no nitrogen fertilizer is applied, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 100-120 mg/kg is applied, the fertilizer water is applied along with the water, and the fertilizer water is applied for 1 time every 2-3 days.

(5) Hormone controlling vigorous growth

In summer, chlormequat chloride (CCC) is sprayed on the leaf surface for 1 time, the concentration is 300mg/kg, and the spraying time is selected after 3 pm. The spraying is not needed in winter.

7) Internodal growth promotion management

After squatting, when the stock seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, internode growth promotion management is started.

(1) Management of fertilizer and water

The fertilizer water is required to be sufficient at this stage. And (3) applying a compound fertilizer (N: P: K =20 = 8) with the concentration of 200mg/kg, and pouring the compound fertilizer with water for 1 time every 2-3 d.

(2) Hormone treatment

1-time auxin (IAA) is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the concentration is 80mg/kg, and the spraying time is selected after 3 pm.

(3) Shading treatment

Shading treatment is carried out by adopting a black shading net with shading rate of about 30% at 11 noon to 3 afternoon for 1 week. And (5) retracting the sunshade net, and recovering the normal illumination for 1 week. The shading treatment was performed for 1 week in the first week.

3. Scion seedling raising

1) Scion selection and sowing time

The scion can be selected from eggplant hybrid varieties or conventional varieties. Seeding 45-50 days before grafting in winter and seeding 35-40 days before grafting in summer and autumn.

2) Seed treatment

Soaking seeds in 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 20min (the coated seeds can not be soaked), then washing the seeds clean with clear water, soaking the seeds in warm water at about 55 ℃ for 15min, then washing off mucus on the seeds, wrapping the seeds in wet gauze or mesh bag bags, and placing the seeds in an environment at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for pregermination for 8h.

3) Seeding

And (3) putting the seedling raising substrate into a plug tray, leveling, overlapping multiple trays, and uniformly pressing with force. 1 seed is sowed in each hole, after sowing, the seedling raising substrate with the thickness of about 1cm is evenly covered and scraped, and then the seedling raising substrate is placed on a seedbed and is thoroughly watered with clear water. The scion seeds can be mechanically contained in a tray, mechanically sowed, or sowed in a flat tray, or directly sowed on a seedbed, and 1-2 g of scion seeds are sowed per square meter according to different varieties.

4) Management of seedling stage

The method is the same as stock seedling management in seedling stage.

4. One-stock multi-seedling grafting

1) Grafting period

When the plant height of the rootstock is 35-40cm, the internodes of 1-4 main leaves are 7-9cm long, and the diameter of the stem is about 5 mm; the height of the scion seedling is 8-10cm, 5-6 true leaves, and the stem thickness is 2-3 mm, so that it is optimum grafting period, and is favorable for survival of grafted seedling. The leaf has sufficient carbohydrate supply and can effectively promote healing. The stock and the scion are watered thoroughly 1d before grafting, and 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed on leaf surfaces. During grafting, the stock and the scion seedling are dry and have no dew, and the grafting place is sealed and appropriately shaded.

2) Grafting of cutting segments

Grafting of a cutting section requires 1.5-2.5 cm of upper stem and 5-7 cm of lower stem of main leaves of the stock, the number of sections of the whole stock which can be cut needs to be estimated before grafting, the top unusable part is cut off by a blade, and all leaves are removed. Two interface processing modes of cleft grafting or attachment grafting can be adopted, and the attachment grafting mode is recommended.

(1) Splitting and connecting

Horizontally cutting the upper stem leaves of the main leaves with a blade from the position 1.5-2.5 cm above the internode length at the top of the stock to meet the requirement, and longitudinally cutting the main leaves downwards for 1cm along the center of a section; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the cut, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the cut of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clip; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaf of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid (NAA): indolebutyric acid (IBA) =1, and the cutting is carried out in a plug tray filled with the matrix, and the insertion depth is about 4 cm. The step is repeated until the length from the stock stem to the root is 4-5 cm. The main leaves of the stock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape, the cut depth of the stock is proper, and the phenomenon that a gap is generated at the joint of the scion and the stock due to too deep position or the upper stock section of the grafting clamp is reversely coiled is avoided.

(2) Sticking joint

Cutting off the upper stem leaves of the main leaves of the stock by a blade from a position 1-1.5 cm away from the internode length at the top of the stock to meet the requirement and obliquely cutting the main leaves at an angle of 30-35 degrees upwards, and ensuring the cut length to be about 0.7cm; obliquely cutting the top of the scion at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below 2-3 main leaves, ensuring that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, closely attaching the scion and the stock cut, and fixing the scion and the stock cut by using a grafting clamp; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaves of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid (NAA): indolebutyric acid (IBA) =1, and the cutting is carried out in a plug tray filled with the matrix, and the insertion depth is about 4 cm. The step is repeated until the length from the stock stem to the root is 4-5 cm. Note that the main leaf directions of the stock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape, the cut angle of the stock and the cut angle of the scion are attached, and therefore the grafted seedling is prevented from being inclined.

3) Root segment grafting

Root grafting requires that the length of the rest stem of the stock to the root is 4-5 cm. Two interface processing modes of cleft grafting or attachment grafting can be adopted, and the attachment grafting mode is recommended.

(1) Cleft grafting

Horizontally cutting off the upper stem leaves from the root of the stock at a position 4-5 cm away by using a blade, and longitudinally cutting the stock by 1cm downwards along the center of a section; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 true leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the incision, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the incision of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clip. Note that the true leaves of the rootstock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape.

(2) Sticking joint

A blade is used for obliquely cutting 30-35 degrees upwards from the position 3-4 cm above the root of the stock to cut off the upper stem leaves, and the length of the cut is ensured to be about 0.7cm; obliquely cutting the 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below the main leaves, ensuring that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, closely attaching the scion to the stock cut, and fixing the scion by using a grafting clamp. Note that the true leaves of the rootstock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape.

5. Post-grafting management

1) Management of healing phase

(1) Temperature of

The temperature of the seedbed is controlled to be about 25 ℃ in the daytime and about 20 ℃ at night.

(2) Humidity of air

And (3) supporting a small arched shed on the seedbed, covering the shed with a film, and keeping the air humidity of about 95 percent. And 3d, in the morning, uncovering the film for ventilation, covering the film again in time for moisture preservation, and gradually increasing the ventilation time from short to long. The film can be removed after the grafted seedling does not wither, and the normal watering is carried out.

(3) Illumination of light

A sunshade net (the shading rate is about 60 percent) is unfolded on the small arched shed, the front 3-4 days, the sunlight is strongly kept to be shaded all day long, and the sunlight can not be shaded in rainy days. Then, light is transmitted in the morning and evening, the light transmission amount is gradually increased, and the sunshade net is removed after the grafted seedlings survive for 8-10 days.

2) Management of fertilizer and water

After the grafted seedlings do not wither any more, normal fertilizer and water management is carried out. According to the water content of the substrate, water is fertilized for 1 time in 2-3 days, and the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is 120-160 mg/kg.

3) Exercising management

One week before emergence of seedlings, increasing ventilation, reducing temperature, reducing moisture, increasing illumination time and intensity, and spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution before emergence of seedlings.

6. Emergence of seedlings

The standard of seedling emergence is based on different seedling seasons, the seedling age is 35-40 days in winter, 25-30 days in summer and autumn, the stem is thick and strong, the internodes are short, the plant height is 12-15 cm, the stem thickness is 3-4 mm, and the plant has 4-5 true leaves. The leaves are dark green in color and free of plant diseases and insect pests, the graft openings are well healed, and the root system tightly winds the matrix into a cluster without scattering.

Example 2

1. matrix formulation

The seedling substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: perlite =3: the substrate is selected from the substrate purchased from MIKSKAAR, and the purchased substrate requires that all components are uniformly mixed, the hand feeling is soft, no mildew and agglomeration exist, the air permeability is strong, the drainage is good, no insect egg, no grass seed or pathogenic bacteria exist, the quality is light, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 35%. 100g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 250g of 5 percent phoxim granules are added into each square meter of seedling raising matrix, the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred, and the mixture is covered and stacked for 24 hours after being soaked by water.

2. Stock seedling raising

1) Stock selection and seeding time

2) Seed treatment

100-200 mg/L Gibberellin (GA) for rootstock seeds ₃ ) Soaking the solution for 24h, fishing out, washing, wrapping with wet gauze or mesh bag, placing at 25-30 deg.C for moisturizing and accelerating germination, washing for 1-2 times every day, and sowing when about 85% of seeds are exposed.

3) Seeding

4) Management of seedling stage

(1) Temperature of

(2) Illumination of light

In high-temperature seasons, the noon illumination is strong, and a sun-shading system is used for reducing the illumination intensity; in low-temperature seasons, the lighting surface of the protective facility needs to be cleaned to increase the illumination, and if the weather is rainy, the illumination intensity can be improved through light supplement.

(3) Humidity

(4) Fertilizing

Fertilizing is started when cotyledons are completely unfolded, the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer is 65-75 mg/kg, and the fertilization is carried out 2-3 times per week; from the stage of complete development of cotyledon to the stage of true leaf growth, nitrogen fertilizer concentration is 100-140 mg/kg, and the fertilizer water is applied along with water for 1 time every 2-3 days. The irrigation frequency needs to be adjusted according to the temperature, and the fertilizer concentration also needs to be properly adjusted.

5) Separating seedlings

6) Management of squat seedlings

(1) Time of squat

(2) Temperature of

The temperature in the seedling raising room is maintained at about 26 ℃ in daytime and about 15 ℃ at night.

(3) Humidity

(4) Fertilizing

(5) Hormone controlling vigorous growth

7) Internodal growth promotion management

(1) Management of fertilizer and water

The fertilizer water is required to be sufficient at this stage. And (2) applying a compound fertilizer (N: P: K =20: 12) with the concentration of 200mg/kg, and pouring the compound fertilizer along with water for 1 time every 2-3 days.

(2) Hormone treatment

(3) Shading treatment

3. Scion seedling raising

1) Scion selection and sowing time

2) Seed treatment

Soaking seeds in 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 20min (the coated seeds can not be soaked), then washing the seeds clean with clear water, soaking the seeds in warm water at about 55 ℃ for 15min, then washing off mucus on the seeds, wrapping the seeds in wet gauze or mesh bags, and putting the seeds in an environment with the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for accelerating germination for 8h.

3) Seeding

And (3) putting the seedling substrate into a plug tray, scraping, overlapping a plurality of trays, and uniformly pressing with force. 1 seed is sowed in each hole, after sowing, the seedling raising substrate with the thickness of about 1cm is evenly covered and scraped, and then the seedling raising substrate is placed on a seedbed and is thoroughly watered with clear water. The scion seeds can be mechanically contained in a tray, mechanically sowed, or sowed in a flat tray, or directly sowed on a seedbed, and 1-2 g of scion seeds are sowed per square meter according to different varieties.

4) Management of seedling stage

The method is the same as the stock seedling management in the seedling stage.

4. One-stock multi-seedling grafting

1) Grafting period

2) Grafting of cutting segments

Grafting of a cutting section requires 1.5-2.5 cm of upper stem and 5-7 cm of lower stem of main leaves of the stock, the number of sections of the whole stock which can be cut needs to be estimated before grafting, the top unusable part is cut off by a blade, and all leaves are removed. Two interface processing modes of cleft grafting or paste grafting can be adopted, and a paste grafting mode is recommended.

(2) Cleft grafting

Horizontally cutting the upper stem leaves of the true leaves with the blade from the position 1.5-2.5 cm above the internode length at the top of the rootstock to meet the requirement, and then longitudinally cutting the true leaves downwards for 1cm along the center of a cutting surface; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 true leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the incision, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the incision of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clip; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaves of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid (NAA): indolebutyric acid (IBA) =1, and the cutting is carried out in a plug tray filled with the matrix, and the insertion depth is about 4 cm. The step is repeated until the length from the stock stem to the root is 4-5 cm. The main leaf directions of the rootstock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape, the incision depth of the rootstock is proper, and gaps at the joint of the scion and the rootstock or reverse rolling of the upper part of a grafting clamp on the section of the rootstock are avoided due to too deep grafting.

(2) Sticking joint

Cutting off the upper stem and leaf of the true leaf with a blade from a position 1-1.5 cm away from the top internode length of the stock to meet the requirement, obliquely upwards by an angle of 30-35 degrees, and ensuring the cut length to be about 0.7cm; obliquely cutting the top of the scion at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below 2-3 main leaves, ensuring that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, closely attaching the scion and the stock cut, and fixing the scion and the stock cut by using a grafting clamp; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaf of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid (NAA): indolebutyric acid (IBA) =1, and the cutting is carried out in a plug tray filled with the matrix, and the insertion depth is about 4 cm. The step is repeated until the length from the stock stem to the root is 4-5 cm. The main leaf directions of the stock and the scion are in cross-shaped distribution, the cut angle of the stock and the cut angle of the scion are required to be attached, and the grafted seedling is prevented from being inclined.

3) Root segment grafting

(1) Splitting and connecting

Horizontally cutting off the upper stem leaves from the root of the stock at a position 4-5 cm away by using a blade, and longitudinally cutting the stock by 1cm downwards along the center of a section; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the cut, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the cut of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clamp. Note that the true leaves of the rootstock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape.

(2) Sticking joint

5. Post-grafting management

1) Management of healing phase

(1) Temperature of

(2) Humidity

And (3) supporting a small arched shed on the seedbed, covering the shed with a film, and keeping the air humidity of about 95 percent. And 3d, removing the film for ventilation in the morning, covering the film for moisture preservation in time, and gradually increasing the ventilation time from short to long. The film can be removed after the grafted seedling does not wither, and the normal watering is carried out.

(3) Illumination of light

A sunshade net (shading rate is about 60%) is unfolded on the small arched shed, and in the front 3-4 days, the sun can be kept shaded all day when the sun is strongly lighted, and the sun can not be shaded in rainy days. Then, light is transmitted in the morning and evening, the light transmission amount is gradually increased, and the sunshade net is removed after the grafted seedlings survive for 8-10 days.

2) Management of fertilizer and water

3) Exercising management

6. Emergence of seedlings

The standard of emergence is based on the difference of seedling seasons, the seedling age is 35-40 days in winter, 25-30 days in summer and autumn, the stem is thick and strong, the internode is short, the plant height is 12-15 cm, the stem thickness is 3-4 mm, and the seedling has 4-5 true leaves. The leaves are dark green in color and free of diseases and insect pests, the graft openings are well healed, and the root system tightly winds the matrix into clusters without scattering.

Example 3

1. matrix formulation

The seedling substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: perlite =2:0.5, selecting the substrate purchased from MIKSKAAR company, wherein the purchased substrate requires that all components are uniformly mixed, the hand feeling is soft, no mildew or agglomeration exists, the air permeability is high, the drainage is good, no worm eggs, no grass seeds or pathogenic bacteria exist, the weight is light, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 35%. 100g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 250g of 5 percent phoxim granules are added into each square meter of seedling raising matrix, the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred, and the mixture is covered and stacked for 24 hours after being soaked by water. The purchased seedling culture medium requires that all components are uniformly mixed, the hand feeling is soft, no mildew or caking exists, the air permeability is strong, the drainage is good, no worm eggs, no grass seeds or pathogenic bacteria exist, the weight is light, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 35 percent.

2. Stock seedling growing

1) Rootstock selecting and sowing time

2) Seed treatment

3) Seeding

After the rootstock seeds are pregerminated, the seeds are uniformly spread on a seedbed or a spread plate, and 4-5 g of seeds are used per square meter of seedbed. Spreading seedling substrate with thickness of about 3cm on the seedbed or spreading plate before sowing, uniformly spreading seedling substrate with thickness of about 0.5-1cm after sowing, and thoroughly watering with clear water.

4) Management of seedling stage

(1) Temperature of

(2) Illumination of light

(3) Humidity of air

The water content of the seedling raising substrate is controlled to be about 70% in the seed germination stage. The seedling substrate is spread from the cotyledon to 2 leaves and 1 heart, and the water content of the seedling substrate is maintained at 40-50%.

(4) Fertilizing

5) Separating seedlings

6) Management of squat seedlings

(1) Time of squat

(2) Temperature of

(3) Humidity of air

(4) Fertilising

(5) Hormone controlling vigorous growth

In summer, chlormequat chloride (CCC) is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 1 time, the concentration is 300mg/kg, and the spraying time is selected after 3 pm. The spraying is not needed in winter.

7) Internodal growth promotion management

(1) Management of fertilizer and water

(2) Hormone treatment

(3) Shading treatment

Shading treatment is carried out by adopting a black shading net with shading rate of about 30% at 11 noon to 3 afternoon for 1 week. And (5) collecting the sunshade net, and recovering normal illumination for 1 week. And shading treatment is carried out for 1 week according to the mode of the first week.

3. Scion seedling raising

1) Scion selection and sowing time

The scion can be selected from eggplant hybrid varieties or conventional varieties. Seeding 45-50 days before grafting in winter, and seeding 35-40 days before grafting in summer and autumn.

2) Seed treatment

3) Seeding

And (3) putting the seedling substrate into a plug tray, scraping, overlapping a plurality of trays, and uniformly pressing with force. Sowing 1 seed in each hole, uniformly covering a seedling substrate with the thickness of about 1cm after sowing, scraping, and then placing on a seedbed and thoroughly watering with clear water. The scion seeds can be mechanically arranged in a tray, mechanically sowed, also can be sowed in a flat tray or directly sowed on a seedbed, and 1-2 g of the scion seeds are sowed per square meter according to different varieties.

4) Management of seedling stage

The method is the same as the stock seedling management in the seedling stage.

4. One-stock multi-seedling grafting

1) Grafting period

When the plant height of the rootstock is 35-40cm, the internodes of 1-4 main leaves are 7-9cm long, and the diameter of the stem is about 5 mm; the height of the scion seedling is 8-10cm, 5-6 true leaves, and the stem thickness is 2-3 mm, so that it is optimum grafting period, and is favorable for survival of grafted seedling. The leaf has sufficient carbohydrate supply, and can effectively promote healing. The rootstock and the scion are watered thoroughly 1d before grafting, and 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed on leaf surfaces. During grafting, the stock and the scion seedling are dry and have no dew, and the grafting place is sealed and appropriately shaded.

2) Grafting of cutting segments

(3) Cleft grafting

Horizontally cutting the upper stem leaves of the main leaves with a blade from the position 1.5-2.5 cm above the internode length at the top of the stock to meet the requirement, and longitudinally cutting the main leaves downwards for 1cm along the center of a section; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 true leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the incision, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the incision of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clip; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaf of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid (NAA): indolebutyric acid (IBA) =1, and the cutting is carried out in a plug tray filled with the matrix, and the insertion depth is about 4 cm. The step is repeated until the length from the stock stem to the root is 4-5 cm. The main leaf directions of the rootstock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape, the incision depth of the rootstock is proper, and gaps at the joint of the scion and the rootstock or reverse rolling of the upper part of a grafting clamp on the section of the rootstock are avoided due to too deep grafting.

(2) Sticking joint

Cutting off the upper stem leaves of the main leaves of the stock by a blade from a position 1-1.5 cm away from the internode length at the top of the stock to meet the requirement and obliquely cutting the main leaves at an angle of 30-35 degrees upwards, and ensuring the cut length to be about 0.7cm; obliquely cutting at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below 2-3 true leaves at the top of the scion to ensure that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, tightly attaching the scion and the stock cut, and fixing the scion and the stock cut by using a grafting clamp; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaf of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid (NAA): indolebutyric acid (IBA) =1, and the cutting is carried out in a plug tray filled with the matrix, and the insertion depth is about 4 cm. The step is repeated until the length from the stock stem to the root is 4-5 cm. Note that the main leaf directions of the stock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape, the cut angle of the stock and the cut angle of the scion are attached, and therefore the grafted seedling is prevented from being inclined.

3) Root segment grafting

Root grafting requires that the length of the rest stem of the stock to the root is 4-5 cm. Two interface processing modes of cleft grafting or paste grafting can be adopted, and a paste grafting mode is recommended.

(1) Splitting and connecting

(2) Sticking joint

A blade is used for obliquely cutting 30-35 degrees upwards from the position 3-4 cm above the root of the stock to cut off the upper stem leaves, and the length of the cut is ensured to be about 0.7cm; obliquely cutting the 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below the main leaves, ensuring that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, closely attaching the scion to the stock cut, and fixing the scion by using a grafting clamp. Note that the true leaf directions of the rootstock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape.

5. Post-grafting management

1) Management of healing phase

(1) Temperature of

(2) Humidity of air

And (5) supporting a small arched shed on the seedbed, covering the shed with a film, and keeping the air humidity of about 95 percent. And 3d, removing the film for ventilation in the morning, covering the film for moisture preservation in time, and gradually increasing the ventilation time from short to long. The film can be removed after the grafted seedling does not wither, and the normal watering is carried out.

(3) Illumination of light

2) Management of fertilizer and water

After the grafted seedlings do not wither any more, the grafted seedlings are transferred to normal fertilizer and water management. According to the water content of the substrate, water is fertilized for 1 time in 2-3 days, and the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer is 120-160 mg/kg.

3) Exercising management

6. Emergence of seedlings

The standard of seedling emergence is based on different seedling seasons, the seedling age is 35-40 days in winter, 25-30 days in summer and autumn, the stem is thick and strong, the internodes are short, the plant height is 12-15 cm, the stem thickness is 3-4 mm, and the plant has 4-5 true leaves. The leaves are dark green in color and free of diseases and insect pests, the graft openings are well healed, and the root system tightly winds the matrix into clusters without scattering.

Test example 1

The method takes ' Tuolubamu ' as a stock, eggplant with a plentiful ear of 01' as a scion, the stock and the scion are respectively sown in 2021 year 9 and 28 days and in 2021 year 12 and 11 days, and the cultivation is carried out by adopting the process recorded in example 1. When the height of the stock is about 35-40cm, the internode length of 1-4 main leaves is 7-9cm, and the diameter of the stem is about 5mm, the grafting technology of 'one stock and multiple seedlings' is adopted for grafting (cleft grafting method).

In the experiment, 5 treatments were performed in total, the grafted seedlings of the root segment were represented by "root stock segment", the grafted seedlings of the cutting segment adjacent to the root segment were represented by "second segment", the grafted seedlings of the cutting segment adjacent to the "second segment" were represented by "third segment", and the grafted seedlings of the cutting segment adjacent to the "second segment" were represented by "seedling" with "baofeng 01" seedlings as control 1. The method takes 'Tuolubamu' sowed in 11 months and 9 days as a stock, and adopts a conventional one-stock one-seedling mode in the field to graft 5-6 leaves with one heart and 4 leaves with one heart with 'Huofeng 01' as a contrast 2, and the expression of 'conventional grafting' is adopted.

In a rain shelter of the academy of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of the adult city, 3 months and 14 days in 2022, transplanting the 5 treated seedlings into plastic pots with the height of 40cm multiplied by the radius of 15cm respectively, wherein each pot contains 20kg of uniformly mixed rice soil, and each treatment is repeated for 6 times. After 2 weeks of transplantation, a water-soluble compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15. And (3) irrigating water irregularly during the cultivation period to ensure that the soil is moist, and removing weeds and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in time. And in 2022, 4, 29 days, and harvesting materials when the eggplant seedlings are in the full-bloom stage. The character indexes of the eggplant seedlings obtained by cultivation are shown in tables 1-3 and figure 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of one stock multiple seedling grafting technique on the botanical shape of eggplant seedlings

TABLE 2 Effect of grafting technique on eggplant seedling Biomass (dry weight)

Treatment of	Root/g	Leaf/g	Aerial parts per g	Root-crown ratio
					Root stock section	2.622±0.07a	8.380±0.14a	12.832±0.21a	0.204±0.01a
Second section	2.582±0.15a	8.366±0.22a	12.824±0.28a	0.201±0.01a
					Third stage	2.285±0.31b	7.250±0.06b	11.693±0.10b	0.195±0.03a
Live and grow	1.918±0.06c	6.229±0.43c	10.484±0.44c	0.183±0.01a
					Conventional grafting	2.164±0.14c	7.326±0.25c	11.562±0.68c	0.191±0.01a

TABLE 3 influence of grafting technique of one stock and multiple seedlings on photosynthetic pigment content of eggplant seedlings

According to the detection results in tables 1-3 and fig. 1, 3 treatments performed in the single-stock multi-seedling grafting designed in the present invention can significantly promote the growth of eggplant seedlings, compared with the seedlings and the conventional grafting. The plant height, dry weight and strong seedling index of the root stock section and the second section have no obvious difference and are all obviously higher than those of other treatments, and the strong seedling index = (stem thickness/plant height + root stem mass/overground part dry mass) × the whole plant stem mass.

In addition, compared with the conventional grafting, the one-stock and multi-seedling grafting can also obviously improve the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid in the eggplant leaves. Compared with the traditional grafting technology, the grafting technology of one stock and multiple seedlings can promote the growth of the eggplant by promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments of the eggplant and the development of a root system.

Test example 2

The same treatment groups and treatment modes as those in test example 1 were adopted, field planting was carried out 3 months and 5 days in 2022 years, Y-shaped pruning was adopted, initial harvest was carried out for 4 months and 27 days in harvesting period, random arrangement and three-time repetition were adopted in the test, and the cell area was 15m ² And protective rows are arranged around the eggplant seedlings, and the character indexes of the eggplant seedlings obtained by cultivation are shown in a table 4.

TABLE 4 influence of grafting technique of one stock with multiple seedlings on eggplant yield

Note: * Indicates a very significant difference was achieved.

The test result shows that the yield of the grafting eggplant seedling with one stock and multiple seedlings is obviously increased compared with the seedling, but the yield of the grafting eggplant seedling is not obviously different from the yield of the grafting eggplant seedling with the conventional stock.

Claims

1. A one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Rootstock seed treatment

(2) Stock seeding cultivation

(3) Scion seed treatment

(4) Scion seeding cultivation

Sowing the seeds treated in the step (3) on a re-seedling substrate, covering the seeds with the seedling substrate, watering and performing seedling management in the same period as the step (2);

(5) One-stock multi-seedling grafting

s1, grafting of cuttage sections

When the stem length of the upper part of the true leaf of the rootstock is 1.5-2.5 cm and the stem length of the lower part is 5-7 cm, carrying out cuttage section grafting, cutting off the top unusable part by using a blade, removing all leaves, dividing the cuttage section into a plurality of sections, and grafting the cut stem sections respectively by adopting a cleft grafting or sticking grafting mode;

s2, root segment grafting

After grafting of the cutting section is finished, the length of the rest stem to the root part is 4-5 cm, and then grafting is carried out on the root part by adopting a cleft grafting or sticking grafting mode;

(6) Post-grafting management

2. The one-stock multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the stock is Tuoluba and the scion is an eggplant; stock seeds are sown 90-95 days before grafting in winter, and scion seeds are sown 45-50 days before grafting; the stock seeds are sown 75-80 days before grafting in summer and autumn, and the scion seeds are sown 35-40 days before grafting.

3. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the seedling raising substrate in the step (2) or (4) is as follows:

mixing a substrate with the weight of 2-4, namely 0.5-1, with perlite, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder and phoxim granules into the seedling substrate after mixing, adding water for infiltration after uniformly stirring, and covering and stacking by using a film for 24-30 hours.

4. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 3, wherein the addition amounts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and phoxim granule in the seedling raising substrate are 100g/m respectively ³ And 250g/m ³ 。

5. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of the stock seeding is as follows:

6. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of seedling stage management in the step (2) is as follows:

(1) Temperature of

(2) Illumination of light

(3) Humidity of air

The water content of the seedling substrate is controlled at 70% in the seed germination stage, the seedling substrate is unfolded from cotyledon to 2 leaves and 1 heart, and the water content of the seedling substrate is maintained at 40-50%;

(4) Fertilising

(5) Separating seedlings

7. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the squat seedling management in the step (2) comprises the following specific processes:

(1) Time of squat

(2) Temperature of

(3) Humidity of air

The water content of the seedling culture substrate is controlled at 30 percent;

(4) Fertilizing

(5) Hormone controlling vigorous growth

8. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein after the squat seedling in the step (2), internode growth promotion management is started when the stock seedling grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, and the specific process is as follows:

(1) Management of fertilizer and water

Applying N, P and K compound fertilizers with the weight ratio of 20.

(2) Hormone treatment

(3) Shading treatment

9. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cuttage section grafting:

(1) The cutting segment cleft grafting operation is as follows

Horizontally cutting the upper stem leaves of the true leaves with the blade from the position 1.5-2.5 cm above the internode length at the top of the rootstock to meet the requirement, and then longitudinally cutting the true leaves downwards for 1cm along the center of a cutting surface; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 true leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the incision, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the incision of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clip; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaves of the section of the stock by using a blade, dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid: indolebutyric acid =1, cutting into a plug tray filled with a matrix, wherein the insertion depth is 4cm; repeating the steps until the length of the stock stem to the root is 4-5 cm, and ensuring that true leaves of the stock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape;

the cutting segment cleft grafting operation is as follows:

(2) The concrete operation of sticking and connecting the cutting section is as follows

Cutting off the upper stem and leaf of the true leaf with a blade from a position 1-1.5 cm away from the top internode length of the stock to meet the requirement, obliquely upwards at an angle of 30-35 degrees, and ensuring the cut length to be 0.7cm; obliquely cutting the top of the scion at an angle of 30-35 degrees downwards at a position 1cm below 2-3 main leaves, ensuring that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, closely attaching the scion and the stock cut, and fixing the scion and the stock cut by using a grafting clamp; horizontally cutting off the part 5-7 cm below the true leaves of the section of the stock by using a blade, and dipping 500 times of rooting agent naphthylacetic acid: and (2) cutting the rootstock into a plug tray filled with the matrix, wherein the insertion depth is 4cm, repeating the step until the length of the rootstock stem to the root is 4-5 cm, and enabling true leaves of the rootstock and the scion to be distributed in a cross shape.

10. The one-anvil multi-seedling type efficient grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that root segment grafting:

(1) The specific operation of root segment cleft grafting is as follows:

horizontally cutting off the upper stem leaves from the root of the stock at a position 4-5 cm away by using a blade, and longitudinally cutting the stock by 1cm downwards along the center of a section; horizontally cutting off 1.5-2.5 cm below 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge with the length of about 1cm along the incision, quickly inserting the scion wedge into the incision of the stock, and fixing the scion wedge by using a grafting clamp so that the stock and the main leaves of the scion are distributed in a cross shape.

(2) The root segment splicing operation is as follows:

obliquely cutting off the upper stem leaves of the stock by a blade at an angle of 30-35 degrees from the 3-4 cm position of the root of the stock to ensure that the length of the cut is 0.7cm; obliquely cutting the 2-3 main leaves at the top of the scion at a position 1cm below the main leaves by 30-35 degrees downwards, ensuring that the length of a cut is basically consistent with that of a stock cut, tightly attaching the scion and the stock cut, and fixing the scion and the stock cut by using a grafting clamp so as to ensure that the main leaves of the stock and the scion are distributed in a cross shape.