CN115479808B

CN115479808B - Particle size collection method of multistage cloud and mist water collector

Info

Publication number: CN115479808B
Application number: CN202111434835.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜萍; 王艳; 李涛; 聂晓玲; 甄洁博
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2021-11-29
Filing date: 2021-11-29
Publication date: 2024-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-29
Also published as: CN115479808A

Abstract

The invention relates to a grain size collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, which belongs to the technical field of environment detection and comprises the following steps: installing a sample collection system and a weather detection system of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector on site; the weather detection system detects weather conditions through the simultaneous operation of the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor; according to the detected weather conditions, the sample collection system is automatically opened or closed, and an automatic controller receives signals of the weather detection system and controls the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud mist water interception part to work so as to realize particle size collection; storing the sample collected by the particle size distribution in a sample storage chamber; after the collection is finished, the collection bottle in the sample storage chamber is taken out, and a new collection bottle is replaced. According to the invention, the problem of precipitation and snowfall mixed in cloud and fog weather in traditional external field sampling is solved through a weather detection system, and the collection of the particle size of a cloud and fog water sample is realized through multistage rainwater and cloud and fog water interception parts.

Description

Particle size collection method of multistage cloud and mist water collector

Technical Field

The invention relates to a particle size collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, and belongs to the technical field of environment detection.

Background

Cloud and fog observation starts from cloud and microphysics research of meteorological science in the 50 th century, and an aerologist passes through a cloud layer in a short time through an airborne cloud and fog sampler to obtain a small amount of cloud and fog water samples in a short time and obtain data such as droplet size, liquid water content, fog droplet spectrum distribution and the like of the cloud and fog water samples; later, with the increase of global pollution activities such as acid rain and haze, atmospheric environment researchers start to carry a cloud and mist water sampler of a foundation to observe a long-period cloud and mist water pollution process.

The foundation type cloud and mist water sampler is divided into a passive type and an active type, and the active type sampler is different from the passive type in that a fan power device is added on the basis of the passive type to improve the air inflow in unit time so as to improve the collection efficiency of the sampler.

The movement of liquid drops in the cloud and fog air mass is mainly divided into three processes of condensation, collision and sedimentation according to time sequence. The new cloud mist water-air mass starts from the water absorption generating activity of a cloud condensation nucleus, in the condensation process, the particle size of liquid drops is distributed in the range of 2-20 mu m, and the concentration of a pollutant contributing source is in direct proportion to the diameter of the liquid drops; the small droplets collide with each other to generate droplets with large particle diameter, and the concentration of a pollutant contributing source is inversely proportional to the diameter of the droplets; after the droplet size continues to increase through the course of motion to create sedimentation, the pollution source concentration loses significant correlation with droplet diameter. In addition, in a long-time cloud event, the three droplet motion processes are often performed simultaneously, but the existing cloud water sampler cannot realize separate collection of the three motion processes of the cloud droplets.

All aerosol particles forming droplets are non-uniform in size or composition and can be activated under different movement processes and conditions, and in order to study different pollution processes in the movement of cloud droplets, it is necessary to develop a method for collecting rainwater and cloud moisture particle size.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a grading diameter collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, which is applied to external field monitoring, solves the problem of precipitation and snowfall mixed in cloud and mist weather in traditional external field sampling through a weather detection system, and realizes grading diameter collection of cloud and mist water samples through multi-stage rainwater and a cloud and mist water interception part.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a grain size collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector comprises the following steps:

(1) The method comprises the steps that a sample collection system and a weather detection system of the multi-stage cloud and fog water collector are installed on site, the installation direction of the weather detection system is north hemisphere, south hemisphere is south, the deflection angle is smaller than or equal to 15 degrees, sunlight is prevented from directly entering a miniature fog detector, the data noise level in a receiver is reduced, and the sample collection system and the weather detection system are electrically connected and in signal connection;

The multi-stage cloud and fog water collector comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system, wherein the weather detection system comprises a miniature fog detector, a rain and snow sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic controller, the model of the miniature fog detector is preferably MiniOFS and is used for detecting visibility, the model of the rain and snow sensor is preferably PHRS rain and snow sensor V3.0, the model of the rainfall sensor is preferably TY-YTYL piezoelectric type rainfall sensor, the model of the temperature and humidity sensor is preferably HMT120 type temperature and humidity sensor, a traditional cloud and fog sampler start-stop signal can only be used as a fog event judging signal through single visibility or humidity parameters, and the weather detection system in the invention can often cause false acquisition of rainfall events through triple condition settings of humidity, rainfall and visibility, so that the weather detection system realizes accurate judgment of weather conditions;

the sample collection system comprises a shell, wherein the shell consists of a sleeve and a bottom plate positioned at the bottom of the sleeve, the position of an air inlet is taken as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud and mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the shell from front to back, a multistage cloud and mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multistage cloud and mist water interception part and is used for intercepting cloud and mist air ball liquid drops with different particle diameters, and the rear end of the multistage cloud and mist water interception chamber is connected with a vacuum pump through an exhaust pipe; a sample storage chamber is arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud mist water interception part and is used for storing rainwater and liquid drops collected in a particle size distribution way;

The automatic controller comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, wherein the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller, data are stored in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump;

(2) After the multistage cloud and mist water collector is installed, the weather detection system detects weather conditions through the simultaneous operation of the miniature mist detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor;

(3) According to the detected weather conditions, the sample collection system is automatically started or closed, an automatic controller receives signals of the weather detection system and controls the power of a vacuum pump, and a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud mist water interception part work to realize particle size collection;

(4) Storing the sample collected by the particle size distribution in a sample storage chamber;

(5) After the collection is finished, the collection bottle in the sample storage chamber is taken out, and a new collection bottle is replaced.

Preferably, the multistage cloud mist water intercepting cavity in the step (3) comprises a first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, a second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and a third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, wherein rope net fixing structures are fixed on the multistage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, collecting rope nets are fixed in the rope net fixing structures and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle sizes, and the collecting rope nets of the different cloud mist water intercepting cavities are different;

The collecting rope net comprises a rope frame and Teflon ropes, the Teflon ropes are fixed on the rope frame at equal intervals, the collecting rope net of the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity is respectively composed of the Teflon ropes with different intervals and different diameters, and the collecting rope net comprises the following specific components:

the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud water interception cavity is 8-15mm, preferably 11.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;

the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception cavity is 0.45-1.2mm, preferably 0.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;

the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the three-stage cloud water interception cavity is 0.1-0.2mm, preferably 0.18mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes.

The size of the Teflon rope diameter is mainly based on the difference of capturing effect of the rope on liquid drops with different particle diameters in fluid mechanics, the different rope net diameters realize capturing of the liquid drops with different particle diameters under the same flow velocity, the rope spacing is the balance of capturing of the liquid drops and air flow obstruction, so that the high efficiency requirement in capturing of cloud and mist liquid drops is met, and the parameters of the diameter and the spacing of the collecting rope can be adjusted according to actual conditions according to the collection of the mist particle diameters;

According to the invention, the first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, the second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and the third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber are all cylindrical and connected with each other, the rope net fixing structure is of a square structure, and the rope net fixing structure is fixedly connected (welded or integrally formed) with the cloud mist water interception chamber corresponding to the rope net fixing structure;

the shell of the invention is composed of the sleeve and the bottom plate, and is of a cylindrical-like aluminum alloy structure, the air inlet area is enlarged under the condition of relatively unchanged volume, the machine body quality is reduced, the light and mechanical requirements are met, a multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity is arranged in the sleeve, a hollow double-layer structure is formed between the sleeve and the multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity, and the double-layer structure is convenient for the circuit wiring to be distributed in the hollow double-layer interlayer when an electric appliance of the sample collecting system is electrically connected with the automatic controller, so that the safety problem of field electricity consumption is solved;

the inside of the rope net fixing structure is provided with a plurality of rows of fixing grooves (preferably 3 rows), the lower parts of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves are communicated with the bottom of the rope net fixing structure and are used for placing the collecting rope net from the bottom of the fixing groove, the two side walls of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves are respectively provided with a long nylon rod through hole A, the two side walls of the sleeve are respectively provided with a long nylon rod through hole B corresponding to the long nylon rod through holes A of the fixing groove, the two side edges of the collecting rope net are respectively provided with a fixing hole, and the long nylon rods penetrate through the long nylon rod through holes B, the long nylon rod through holes A and the fixing holes to fix the collecting rope net; the rope net fixing structure is preferably formed by integrally cutting nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, so that sample pollution caused by metal contact in the process of collision and collection of cloud and mist water samples is avoided;

Further preferably, the upper end of the collecting rope net is inclined towards the direction of the air inlet after being installed, and the included angle between the collecting rope net and the horizontal plane is theta, and the included angle is preferably 50-60 degrees.

After the rope net fixing structure is connected with the bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected with the sleeve again, then a plurality of collecting rope nets are sequentially and obliquely put into a plurality of rows of fixing grooves of the rope net fixing structure from reserved openings of a water collecting groove of the bottom plate, and then long nylon rods penetrate through long nylon rod through holes B, long nylon rod through holes A and fixing holes to fix the collecting rope nets.

Preferably, in the step (3), when the weather is detected to be a non-foggy day, that is, the visibility detected by the micro-foggy detector is more than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor is less than 90%, the sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

when the weather detected by the rain and snow sensor of the weather detection system is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow is larger than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state because of larger rainfall/snow, and the weather detection system continuously monitors the weather condition;

when weather is detected to be rain/snow by a rain/snow sensor of the weather detection system and the rainfall/snow sensing quantity of the rain/snow sensor is smaller than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is started to be in a rain/mist mixing mode for particle size collection;

When the weather is detected to be pure fog, namely the visibility detected by the miniature fog detector is less than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor is greater than 90%, and whether the weather is detected by the rain and snow sensor or not is detected to be rain-free/snow-free, and the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode for particle size collection.

According to the invention, the multi-stage cloud mist water interception chamber can flexibly combine an increase chamber, a decrease chamber and a third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber according to actual conditions, and the first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, the second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and the third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber can sequentially intercept the raindrops in different movement processes of a cloud mist air cluster, the large-particle-diameter cloud drops in a sedimentation process, the medium-particle-diameter cloud drops in a collision process and the small-particle-diameter cloud drops in a cloud condensation process according to particle size ranges; the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be independently split and combined according to actual needs, however, if the purpose of particle size collection is realized, the third-stage chambers must be arranged in sequence from the air inlet direction according to the rainwater interception parts, the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers, and the sequence cannot be disturbed, for example, if the purpose of respectively collecting the mixed sample of raindrops and large-particle and small-particle-size cloud mist drops in the initial condensation process of the cloud condensation nuclei is realized, the first-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be removed, and the original mist drops intercepted by the first-stage and second-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be intercepted and collected together by the second-stage cloud mist water interception chambers.

Preferably, the number and combination of the multistage mist and water interception chambers selected according to actual needs are different, the particle size collection process is different, and when the inner diameter of the multistage mist and water interception chambers is 15cm, the specific process is as follows:

A. when the housing comprises a rainwater interception part and a first-stage cloud water interception chamber in sequence from front to back (namely, the multi-stage cloud water interception chamber only has the first-stage cloud water interception chamber):

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 280-420W, at the later stage of a fog event which lasts for a long time, the fog drops are fully collided and condensed, most of the fog drops are large drops, after entering the sampler, the rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through three captures of a rainwater interception part, the fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected through a first-stage fog water interception chamber, and most of the fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, rainwater interception is not needed, when cloud fog air clusters pass through the first-level cloud water interception cavity, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and most fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 mu m are not collected;

B. When the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and a second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber from front to back (namely, the multi-stage cloud mist water interception chamber only comprises the first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and the second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber):

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 400-600W, the humidity is extremely high, the visibility is extremely low, the spectrum peak of fog drops moves backwards, most of the fog drops in the fog drops enter a sampler, the rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through three captures of a rainwater interception part, the fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected through a first-stage fog water interception chamber, the fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected through a second-stage fog water interception chamber, and most of the fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, rainwater interception is not needed, the power is 1500W, when cloud fog air clusters pass through the first-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and when the cloud fog air clusters pass through the second-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, and most fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

C. When the housing includes a rainwater interception portion, a secondary cloud water interception chamber in order from front to back (i.e., the multi-stage cloud water interception chamber has only the secondary cloud water interception chamber):

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 800-1000W, at the moment, no obvious deviation exists in a fog spectrum peak, after rain and fog groups enter a sampler, rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through three captures of a rain interception part, and in a fog event without obvious deviation in the fog spectrum peak, when the cloud and fog groups subsequently pass through a secondary cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected, and most fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, rainwater interception is not needed, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

D. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, a second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and a third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber from front to back (namely, the third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber comprises a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, a second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and a third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber):

When the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 1500W, the concentration of aerosol cloud condensation is high, the cloud condensation effect is rich, the spectrum peak of fog drops moves forward, after cloud fog clusters enter a sampler, rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through three captures of a rain water interception part, when the cloud fog clusters pass through a first-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m (large-particle-size fog drops) are collected, when the cloud fog clusters pass through a second-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m (small-particle-size fog drops) are collected, when the cloud fog clusters pass through a third-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 mu m (small-particle-size fog drops) are collected, and finally, the fog drops with the particle size of less than 2 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, rainwater interception is not needed, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected when a cloud fog air cluster passes through a first-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected when the cloud fog air cluster passes through a second-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 mu m are collected when the cloud fog air cluster passes through a third-stage cloud water interception chamber, and finally, the fog drops with the particle size of less than 2 mu m are not collected.

Preferably, a rainwater interception baffle and a rainwater grate are arranged in a sleeve (namely a first sleeve section) of the rainwater interception part to play a role in intercepting rainwater, the rainwater interception baffle comprises an upper baffle positioned at the top of the sleeve and a lower baffle positioned on a bottom plate, and the rainwater grate is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;

the upper baffle is V-shaped, the included angle between the inclined edge of the side, which is close to the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is alpha, the included angle between the inclined edge of the side, which is far away from the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is 25-35 degrees, and under the condition that the air inlet efficiency is not affected, larger raindrops are captured once, and the included angle between the inclined edge of the side, which is far away from the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is beta, and the included angle between the inclined edge of the side and the horizontal plane is 55-65 degrees;

the lower baffle is a unilateral inclined plate and inclines towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle and the horizontal plane is gamma, the gamma is 45-55 degrees, and after cloud mist air clusters flow through the inclined edge of one side of the upper baffle, which is close to the air inlet, due to the fact that the area of the air channel is reduced, air flow is accelerated, and raindrops are secondarily captured by the lower baffle due to larger inertia of the raindrops; after the cloud air mass flows through the unilateral inclined plate of the lower baffle, the air flow direction is changed, and the partially reflowed air mass passes through the inclined edge at the rear side of the upper baffle, so that the three-time capture of raindrops is realized under the condition of correcting the air flow direction;

the relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle plate and the highest point of the lower baffle plate in the vertical direction is 40-50% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the relative distance in the horizontal direction is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;

The rainwater grate is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, the rainwater grate is obliquely arranged at an acute angle to the horizontal plane towards the direction of the air inlet, the rainwater interception part intercepts raindrops by virtue of an upper baffle plate and a lower baffle plate, the process of converging the drops from the air flow channel to the water collecting tank lacks the diversion effect of a collecting rope net, the drop loss is caused by secondary transverse displacement possibly caused by high-speed air flow in the process of dropping the raindrops to the water collecting tank, and the rainwater grate structure is arranged above the bottom plate of the first section of sleeve, so that the diversion effect in the dropping process of the raindrops is achieved;

the traditional rainwater interception technology generally adopts a horizontal baffle plate arranged above an air inlet, so that only partial interception of high rainfall and large raindrops can be realized, and partial raindrops still can be sucked into a collecting channel along with air flow; however, cloud and fog events are often accompanied by rain events with low rainfall and small drops, the small drops are in front of the transverse suction surface of the air inlet, the horizontal baffle above the air inlet is basically ineffective, and the rainwater interception part of the invention realizes synchronous collection of the drops on the basis of solving the problem.

The tops of two bevel edges of the upper baffle plate penetrate through the sleeve and are fixed by arc inserting screws;

the bottom of the lower baffle plate is arranged below the bottom plate in a penetrating way and is fixed by adopting arc inserting screws;

Specifically, the sleeve is connected with the two bevel edges of the upper baffle plate and the bottom plate is connected with the lower baffle plate through two arc-shaped inserting pieces, and the front end and the rear end of each arc-shaped inserting piece penetrate through the baffle plate and are fixed at the bottom of the sleeve or the bottom of the bottom plate through screws.

The front end thermocouple, the rear end thermocouple and the heating plate are all connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller;

the front thermocouple and the rear thermocouple control the power of the heating plate by sensing the front-rear temperature difference of the cloud air mass, the heating plate is arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate, the heating mode realizes the collection of supercooled cloud, and the problem of size limitation of a collection rope net caused by heating supercooling of a built-in heating wire in a hollow rope tube is solved (in the traditional collection rope net, a Teflon rope tube with a hollow structure is generally adopted for a large-diameter Teflon rope, the hollow structure is arranged in the Teflon rope tube, materials are saved, and a heating wire can be arranged in the Teflon rope tube), so that the problem of collection missing of small-particle-size cloud drops is solved;

When the temperature difference between the rear thermocouple and the front thermocouple is lower than 2 ℃, the temperature difference signal is transmitted to the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller of the weather detection system, the signal transmission processing module controls the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle to improve the heat power, when the temperature difference is higher than 10 ℃, the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle reduce the heat power, and when the temperature difference is higher than 4 ℃, the heating plates are not opened.

Preferably, in the step (4), the collected samples are collected to a sample storage chamber through a water collecting tank, the sample storage chamber is a constant temperature storage chamber, the samples can be stored at about 4 ℃ (the constant temperature storage can be realized by adopting the prior art and is not repeated here), the constant temperature storage chamber is a black shell, a sample bottle is placed in the constant temperature storage chamber, direct sunlight of the samples can be avoided, a magnetic attraction structure is arranged at the bottom of the constant temperature storage chamber, a magnetic attraction sheet is arranged on an L-shaped support, the magnetic attraction sheet is matched with the magnetic attraction structure to be connected, a screw hole is formed in one side of the L-shaped support, and the constant temperature storage chamber is fixed on the L-shaped support through a screw;

The side wall of the sample storage room is also provided with a door, which is convenient for taking and placing sample bottles.

The bottom plate is provided with a water-collecting tank reserved opening below the rainwater grate and the collecting rope net, the water-collecting tank is arranged below the water-collecting tank reserved opening, the water-collecting tank is of a rectangular internal inverted prismatic table structure, the bottom of the water-collecting tank is provided with a water-collecting tank water outlet, the upper part of the sample storage chamber is provided with an opening, the opening is connected with the water-collecting tank water outlet through a water pipe, and the water pipe guides the liquid at the water-collecting tank water outlet into a sample bottle of the sample storage chamber;

the bottom plate bottom all is provided with the spout in the water catch bowl reservation mouth both sides, the water catch bowl both sides all are provided with spout matched with gleitbretter, gleitbretter and water catch bowl integrated into one piece.

Preferably, the spout is the U type groove of side, the spout bottom is provided with little screw hole, little screw hole internal diameter-variable screw is provided with, the diameter-variable screw includes little screw thread part and big screw thread part, little screw thread part and the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, be provided with big screw hole on the gleitbretter, after the gleitbretter slides in the spout, the big screw thread part of diameter-variable screw and the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter.

When installing and collecting the rope net after installing the water-collecting tank, slide the gleitbretter and slide in the spout, the reducing screw is upwards screwed, its little screw thread part and the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, big screw thread part and the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter, screw up can, when dismantling, down spiral reducing screw, its big screw thread part breaks away from with the big screw hole of gleitbretter, realize demolising, but the little screw thread part of reducing screw is with the little screw hole cooperation of spout all the time, realized dismantling conveniently and the screw is difficult to lose, and after demolishing the water-collecting tank, also conveniently follow the water-collecting tank reservation mouth and take off and collect the rope net, wash or replace.

Preferably, the front end of the shell is provided with a door leaf, a limiting rotating shaft is arranged between the door leaf and the bottom plate, a door switch structure capable of being sprung and buckled is arranged on the door leaf and the shell, the door switch structure and a signal transmission processing module of an automatic controller are arranged, when the sample collection system starts to work, the signal transmission processing module sends a signal, the door switch structure automatically sprung, at the moment, the door leaf is opened by means of the limiting rotating shaft, and after the door leaf is opened for a certain time, the vacuum suction pump starts to work.

Preferably, the distance between the sample collection system and the weather detection system when installed in step (1) is preferably within 1.5m.

Preferably, the installation height of the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor and the rain and snow sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 2.5m, and the installation height of the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 1.5m.

The sample collection system also comprises a tripod, wherein a plurality of sections of cross bars are fixedly arranged above the tripod, adjacent cross bars are fixedly connected through flange rings, a horseshoe-shaped fixing table with threads is arranged above each section of cross bar and is used for fixing a rainwater interception part and a bottom plate of a multi-stage cloud mist water interception part, an L-shaped support is arranged below each section of cross bar and is used for placing a sample storage room, and a water pipe through hole is further formed in the cross bar and is used for connecting a water pipe of a water outlet of a water collecting tank;

The bottom plate is provided with fixing feet which are fixedly connected with the horseshoe-shaped fixing table;

preferably, the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with an exhaust pipe through a conical air cavity;

the weather detection system is fixed on the aluminum telescopic rod, a plurality of fixed cross rods are distributed along the aluminum telescopic rod from top to bottom, and the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor, the rain and snow sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, the vacuum pump and the automatic controller are arranged on the fixed cross rods.

The first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity are preferably connected in a detachable mode, the rear end of the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the rear end of the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity are respectively provided with a locating pin ring, the inner diameter of each locating pin ring is identical to the inner diameter of the cloud mist intercepting cavity, the outer diameter of each locating pin ring is larger than the outer diameter of the cloud mist intercepting cavity, and the front ends of the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity are respectively provided with a rotary vane matched with the locating pin ring;

the utility model discloses a rotary vane fixing device, including locating pin ring, rotary vane, spring pressing piece, rotary vane, back, spring pressing piece, rotary vane, fixed slot and spring pressing piece, the locating pin ring is last to evenly have three breach respectively along its axial, rotary vane quantity is three, evenly distributed holds cavity and tertiary cloud fog water and holds cavity front end periphery in second grade fog water, and the breach size suits with the rotary vane size, and each breach right side all is provided with a fixed slot that is used for holding the rotary vane, the size of fixed slot is greater than the rotary vane size, and every rotary vane thickness is by thick from left to right, the fixed slot is inside to be provided with a spring pressing piece, after the rotary vane clockwise screw in fixed slot, the spring pressing piece is pressed and is supported the fixed of rotary vane realization rotary vane.

During installation, at first three spiral-vane are placed in three breach departments, then clockwise rotatory spiral-vane, and the spiral-vane is removed to the fixed slot of breach department gradually in, because the spiral-vane thickness is different, the spiral-vane is more pressed more tightly to the spring preforming in rotatory in-process, after the spiral-vane gets into the fixed slot completely, spring preforming compression degree is biggest, realizes the fixed of spiral-vane, when dismantling, slightly extrudeed the spiral-vane forward, anticlockwise rotatory spiral-vane, can be with the spiral-vane follow fixed slot internal rotation out, has realized detachable connection.

The present invention is not limited to the details of the prior art.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

according to the grading diameter collection method of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, the weather detection system can intelligently identify whether weather is sunny or foggy, whether rainfall (snow) exists in foggy days or not can be judged, and the sample collection system can make corresponding collection states according to the quantity of the rainfall (snow), so that grading diameter collection of cloud and mist water samples is realized, and separation of liquid drops in different processes of condensation, collision, sedimentation and the like in cloud and mist air clusters is primarily realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sample collection system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a weather detection system according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tripod according to the present invention;

FIG. 5a is a schematic view of the structure of the upper baffle;

FIG. 5b is a schematic view of the structure of the lower baffle;

FIG. 5c is a schematic view of a connection between a bevel edge of one side of an upper baffle and a sleeve of a rain water interception part according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a multi-stage cloud entrapment chamber;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a multi-section sleeve structure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a reserved opening of a water collecting tank of the bottom plate;

FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of a rope net fixing structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 9b is a schematic view of the internal structure of the rope net fixing structure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixing leg and the horseshoe-shaped fixing table;

FIG. 11a is a schematic view of the structure of the water collecting tank of the present invention;

FIG. 11b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the water collecting tank;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of a collection rope net;

FIG. 13a is a schematic view of a chute;

FIG. 13b is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the sliding slot and the reducing screw;

FIG. 14a is a schematic view of a positioning pin ring;

FIG. 14b is a schematic view of a variation of the spring blade during threading of the rotary blade;

wherein: 1-tripod, 2-rainwater interception baffle, 201-upper baffle, 202-lower baffle, 3-rainwater grate, 4-conical air cavity, 5-fixed cross rod, 6-rope net fixed structure, 7-exhaust pipe, 8-water collecting tank, 9-rain and snow presence sensor, 10-micro mist detector, 11-temperature and humidity sensor, 12-aluminum telescopic rod, 13-vacuum pump, 14-automatic controller, 15-rainfall sensor, 16-sleeve, 17-locating pin ring, 18-rotary vane, 19-notch, 20-fixed groove, 21-spring pressing sheet, 22-rotary vane thickness a, 23-rotary vane thickness B, 24-door leaf, 25-limit rotating shaft, 26-door switch structure, 27-rope frame, 28-Teflon ropes, 29-bottom plates, 30-sample storage chambers, 31-first-stage mist water interception chambers, 32-second-stage mist water interception chambers, 33-third-stage mist water interception chambers, 34-screw holes, 35-fixing grooves, 36-long nylon rod through holes A, 37-long nylon rod through holes B, 38-collecting rope nets, 39-arc-shaped inserting pieces, 40-screws, 41-front thermocouples, 42-rear thermocouples, 43-cross bars, 44-flange rings, 45-horseshoe-shaped fixing tables, 46-L-shaped supports, 47-water pipe through holes, 48-fixing legs, 49-water collecting grooves reserved openings, 50-telescopic sleeves, 51-water collecting grooves water outlets, 52-sliding grooves, 5201-small threaded holes, 53-sliding sheets, 5301-large threaded holes, 54-reducing screws, 5401-small threaded parts and 5402-large threaded parts.

The specific embodiment is as follows:

in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but not limited thereto, and the present invention is not fully described and is according to the conventional technology in the art.

Example 1:

the grain size collection method of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as shown in fig. 1-14b, comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 2, the multi-stage cloud water collector comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system, the weather detection system comprises a micro mist detector 10, a rain and snow sensor 9, a rainfall sensor 15, a temperature and humidity sensor 11 and an automatic controller 14, the model of the micro mist detector is preferably MiniOFS for detecting visibility, the model of the rain and snow sensor is preferably PHRS rain and snow sensor V3.0, the model of the rainfall sensor is preferably TY-YTYL piezoelectric type rainfall sensor, the model of the temperature and humidity sensor is preferably HMT120 type temperature and humidity sensor, and the traditional cloud sampler can only judge whether a rainfall event is caused by taking a single visibility or humidity parameter as a fog event judging signal, so that the weather detection system in the invention can accurately judge the weather condition through the triple condition settings of humidity, rainfall and visibility;

As shown in fig. 7, the sample collection system comprises a housing, the housing is composed of a sleeve 16 and a bottom plate 29 positioned at the bottom of the sleeve, the position of an air inlet is taken as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud and mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the housing from front to back, a multistage cloud and mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multistage cloud and mist water interception part and is used for intercepting cloud and mist air ball drops with different particle diameters, and the rear end of the multistage cloud and mist water interception chamber is connected with a vacuum pump 13 through an exhaust pipe 7; a sample storage chamber 30 is arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud water interception part and is used for storing rainwater and liquid drops collected by the classification diameters;

the automatic controller 14 comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, wherein the miniature fog detector 10, the rain and snow sensor 9, the rainfall sensor 15 and the temperature and humidity sensor 11 are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller and store data in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump 13;

Example 2:

as described in embodiment 1, the difference is that the multi-stage cloud mist water interception chamber in step (3) includes a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber 31, a second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber 32 and a third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber 33, rope net fixing structures 6 are fixed on the multi-stage cloud mist water interception chambers, collecting rope nets 38 are fixed inside the rope net fixing structures 6 and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle diameters, and the collecting rope nets of the different cloud mist water interception chambers are different;

the collecting rope net 38 comprises a rope frame 27 and teflon ropes 28, the teflon ropes 28 are fixed on the rope frame 27 at equal intervals, and the collecting rope net of the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity 31, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity 32 and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity 33 is respectively composed of teflon ropes with different intervals and different diameters, and specifically:

The diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud water interception chamber 31 is 8-15mm, preferably 11.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;

the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception chamber 32 is 0.45-1.2mm, preferably 0.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;

the teflon ropes of the collection rope net in the three-stage cloud water interception chamber 33 have a diameter of 0.1-0.2mm, preferably 0.18mm, and the distance between two adjacent teflon ropes is 3.3 times the diameter of the teflon ropes.

in the invention, the first-stage cloud water interception chamber 31, the second-stage cloud water interception chamber 32 and the third-stage cloud water interception chamber 33 are all cylindrical and are connected with each other, the rope net fixing structure 6 is of a square structure, and the rope net fixing structure and the cloud water interception chamber corresponding to the rope net fixing structure are integrally formed;

The shell of the invention is composed of the sleeve 16 and the bottom plate 29, the whole is of a cylindrical-like aluminum alloy structure, the air inlet area is enlarged under the condition of relatively unchanged volume, the machine body quality is reduced, the light and mechanical requirements are met, a multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity is arranged in the sleeve, a hollow double-layer structure is formed between the sleeve and the multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity, the double-layer structure is convenient for the circuit routing to be distributed in the hollow double-layer interlayer when an electric appliance of a sample collecting system is electrically connected with an automatic controller, and the safety problem of field electricity utilization is solved;

as shown in fig. 9a and 9B, 3 rows of fixing grooves 35 are formed in the rope net fixing structure 6, a plurality of rows of fixing grooves 35 are communicated with the bottoms of the fixing grooves and used for placing the collecting rope net from the bottoms of the fixing grooves, long nylon rod through holes A36 are formed in two side walls of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves, long nylon rod through holes B37 are formed in positions, corresponding to the long nylon Long Gan through holes A36 of the fixing grooves, on two side walls of the sleeve 16, of the collecting rope net, fixing holes are formed in two side edges of the collecting rope net, and the long nylon rods penetrate through the long nylon rod through holes B37, the long nylon rod through holes A36 and the fixing holes to fix the collecting rope net 38; the rope net fixing structure is preferably formed by integrally cutting nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, so that sample pollution caused by metal contact in the process of collision and collection of cloud and mist water samples is avoided;

The upper end of the collecting rope net is inclined towards the direction of the air inlet after being installed, and the included angle between the collecting rope net and the horizontal plane is theta, and the theta is preferably 50-60 degrees.

Example 3:

in the step (3), when the weather is detected to be a non-foggy day, that is, the visibility detected by the micro mist detector 10 is greater than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 11 is less than 90%, the sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

when the weather detected by the rain and snow sensor 9 of the weather detection system is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor 15 senses that the rainfall/snow is greater than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state because of the greater rainfall/snow, and the weather detection system continuously monitors the weather condition;

when the weather detected by the rain and snow sensor 9 of the weather detection system is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor 15 senses that the rainfall/snow is less than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and mist mixing mode for particle size collection;

When the weather is detected to be pure fog, namely the visibility detected by the micro fog detector 10 is less than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 11 is more than 90%, and whether the weather is detected by the rain and snow sensor 9 is detected to be rain-free/snow-free, the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode for particle size collection.

Example 4:

the particle size collection method of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector is as described in the embodiment 3, and is different in the number and combination of the multi-stage cloud and mist water retention chambers selected according to actual needs, and the particle size collection process is different, and when the inner diameter of the multi-stage cloud and mist water retention chambers is 15cm, the specific process is as follows:

Example 5:

as described in embodiment 4, except that as shown in fig. 2, a rainwater interception baffle 2 and a rainwater grate 3 are disposed in a sleeve (i.e., a first section of sleeve) of a rainwater interception part, so as to play a role in intercepting rainwater, the rainwater interception baffle 2 includes an upper baffle 201 located at the top of the sleeve 16 and a lower baffle 202 located on a bottom plate, and the rainwater grate 3 is located on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;

as shown in fig. 5a, the upper baffle 201 is V-shaped, the included angle between the inclined edge on the side close to the air inlet and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is 25-35 degrees, larger raindrops are captured once under the condition that the air inlet efficiency is not affected, and the included angle between the inclined edge on the side far from the air inlet and the horizontal plane is beta, beta is 55-65 degrees;

the lower baffle 202 is a unilateral inclined plate and inclines towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle 202 and the horizontal plane is gamma, the gamma is 45-55 degrees, and after cloud mist air clusters flow through the inclined edge of one side of the upper baffle, which is close to the air inlet, due to the fact that the area of the air channel is reduced, air flow is accelerated, and raindrops are secondarily captured by the lower baffle due to larger inertia of the raindrops; after the cloud air mass flows through the unilateral inclined plate of the lower baffle, the air flow direction is changed, and the partially reflowed air mass passes through the inclined edge at the rear side of the upper baffle, so that the three-time capture of raindrops is realized under the condition of correcting the air flow direction;

The relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle plate (namely the point A in fig. 2) and the highest point of the lower baffle plate (namely the point B in fig. 2) in the vertical direction is 40-50% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the relative distance in the horizontal direction is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;

the rain grate 3 is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, the rain grate 3 is obliquely arranged at an acute angle to the horizontal plane towards the direction of the air inlet, the rain interception part intercepts rain drops by virtue of an upper baffle plate and a lower baffle plate, the flow guiding effect of a rope collecting net is lacked in the process of converging liquid drops from an air flow channel to a water collecting tank, the liquid drops are possibly lost due to secondary transverse displacement caused by high-speed air flow in the process of falling the rain drops to the water collecting tank, and a rain grate structure is arranged above the bottom plate of the first section of sleeve, so that the flow guiding effect in the process of falling the rain drops is achieved;

As shown in fig. 5a-5c, the top of two sloping sides of the upper baffle 201 is penetrated above the sleeve 16 and is fixed by adopting an arc-shaped inserting sheet 39 screw;

the bottom of the lower baffle 202 is arranged below the bottom plate 29 in a penetrating way and is fixed by adopting an arc-shaped inserting piece 39 through a screw;

specifically, between the sleeve and the two hypotenuses of the upper baffle plate, and between the bottom plate and the lower baffle plate, two arc-shaped inserting pieces are connected, the front end and the rear end of each arc-shaped inserting piece penetrate through the baffle plate and are fixed at the bottom of the sleeve or the bottom of the bottom plate through screws 40, and each arc-shaped inserting piece is fixed by corresponding to 2 screws 40.

The front thermocouple 41 is vertically arranged on the inclined edge of one side of the upper baffle plate 202, which is close to the air inlet, from top to bottom, the rear thermocouple 42 is vertically arranged on the lower baffle plate 202 from bottom to top, heating plates (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the upper baffle plate 201 and the lower baffle plate 202, and are used for heating supercooled mist to prevent condensation, and the front thermocouple 41, the rear thermocouple 42 and the heating plates are all connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller 14;

the front thermocouple 41 and the rear thermocouple 42 control the power of the heating plate by sensing the front-rear temperature difference of the cloud air mass, the heating plate is arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate, the heating mode realizes the collection of supercooled cloud, and the problem of size limitation of a collection rope net caused by heating supercooling of a built-in heating wire in a hollow rope tube is solved (in the traditional collection rope net, a Teflon rope tube with a hollow structure is generally adopted for a large-diameter Teflon rope, the hollow structure is arranged in the Teflon rope tube, materials are saved, and the heating wire can be arranged in the Teflon rope tube), so that the problem of missing collection of small-particle-size cloud drops is solved;

When the temperature difference between the front thermocouple 41 and the rear thermocouple 41 is lower than 2 ℃, the temperature difference signal is transmitted to the signal transmission processing module of the automatic weather detection system controller, the signal transmission processing module controls the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate to improve the heat power, when the temperature difference is higher than 10 ℃, the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate reduce the heat power, and when the temperature difference between the front thermocouple 41 and the rear thermocouple 41 is higher than 4 ℃, the heating plates are not opened.

Example 6:

in the step (4), collected samples are collected into a sample storage chamber 30 through a water collecting tank 8, the sample storage chamber 30 is a constant-temperature storage chamber, the samples can be stored at about 4 ℃ (the constant-temperature storage can be realized by adopting the prior art and is not repeated here), the constant-temperature storage chamber is a black shell, a sample bottle is placed in the constant-temperature storage chamber, direct sunlight of the samples can be avoided, a magnetic attraction structure is arranged at the bottom of the constant-temperature storage chamber, a magnetic attraction sheet is arranged on an L-shaped support 46, the magnetic attraction sheet is matched with the magnetic attraction structure to be connected, a screw hole 34 is formed in one side of the L-shaped support 46, and the constant-temperature storage chamber is fixed on the L-shaped support 46 through screws;

A door is also provided on the side wall of the sample storage chamber 30 to facilitate the taking and placing of sample bottles.

A water-collecting groove reserved opening 49 is arranged on the bottom plate 29 below the rainwater grate 3 and the collecting rope net 6, the water-collecting groove is arranged below the water-collecting groove reserved opening, the water-collecting groove 8 is of a rectangular internal cutting prismatic table structure, a water-collecting groove water outlet 51 is arranged at the bottom of the water-collecting groove 8, an opening is reserved at the upper part of the sample storage chamber 30, the opening is connected with the water-collecting groove water outlet 51 through a water pipe, and the water pipe guides the liquid at the water-collecting groove water outlet into a sample bottle of the sample storage chamber;

the bottom of the bottom plate 29 is provided with sliding grooves 52 on two sides of a reserved opening 49 of the water collecting tank, sliding pieces 53 matched with the sliding grooves 52 are arranged on two sides of the water collecting tank, and the sliding pieces 53 and the water collecting tank are integrally formed.

As shown in fig. 13a and 13b, the sliding chute 52 is a laterally placed U-shaped groove, a small threaded hole 5201 is arranged at the bottom of the sliding chute 52, a reducing screw 54 is arranged in the small threaded hole 5201, the reducing screw 54 comprises a small threaded portion 5401 and a large threaded portion 5402, the small threaded portion 5401 is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole 5201 of the sliding chute, a large threaded hole 5301 is arranged on the sliding vane 53, and when the sliding vane 53 slides into the sliding chute 52, the large threaded portion 5402 of the reducing screw is in threaded fit with the large threaded hole 5301 of the sliding vane, and the small threaded portion 5401 is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole 5201 of the sliding chute 81.

Example 7:

the grain size collection method of the multistage cloud water collector is as shown in the embodiment 6, except that as shown in fig. 7, a door leaf 24 is arranged at the front end of the shell, a limit rotating shaft 25 is arranged between the door leaf 24 and a bottom plate 29, a door switch structure 26 capable of being opened and buckled is arranged on the door leaf 24 and the shell, the door switch structure 26 and a signal transmission processing module of an automatic controller send signals when the sample collection system starts to work, the door switch structure automatically swings open, the door leaf is opened by means of the limit rotating shaft, and a vacuum suction pump starts to work after the door leaf is opened for a certain time.

The sleeve is multisection, cup joints each other between the multisection sleeve, and wherein, at first section sleeve is rainwater interception part's sleeve and bottom plate fixed mutually throughout, when the installation, at first select the number of required sleeve according to needs, then pull out behind the sleeve of corresponding number of sections, cloud fog water interception cavity is connected with the bottom plate after accomplishing, the bottom plate passes through the bolt fixed connection of both sides with the sleeve again.

Example 8:

a method for collecting the particle size of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector is as in the embodiment 7, except that the distance between the sample collection system and the weather detection system is preferably within 1.5m when the sample collection system is installed in the step (1).

The installation height of the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor and the rain and snow sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 2.5m, and the installation height of the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 1.5m.

Example 9:

in the method for collecting the particle size of the multistage cloud and mist water collector, as shown in the embodiment 8, the difference is that the sample collecting system of the embodiment further comprises a tripod 1 (the tripod 1 can be provided with a telescopic sleeve 50 for adjusting the length of the tripod and is fixed by a fixing knob), a plurality of sections of cross rods 43 are fixedly arranged above the tripod 1, adjacent cross rods 43 are fixedly connected by a flange ring 44, a horseshoe-shaped fixing table 45 with threads is arranged above each section of cross rod 43 and is used for fixing a rainwater interception part and a bottom plate of the multistage cloud and mist water interception part, an L-shaped support 46 is arranged below each section of cross rod and is used for placing a sample storage chamber 30, and a water pipe through hole 47 is also formed in the cross rod 43 and is used for connecting a water pipe of a water collecting tank water outlet;

The bottom plate 29 is provided with a fixed foot 48, and the fixed foot 48 is fixedly connected with the horseshoe-shaped fixed table 45;

the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with an exhaust pipe through a conical air cavity 4;

the weather detection system is fixed on an aluminum telescopic rod 12, a plurality of fixed cross rods 5 are distributed along the aluminum telescopic rod 12 from top to bottom, and a miniature fog detector 10, a rainfall sensor 15, a rain and snow sensor 9, a temperature and humidity sensor 11, a vacuum pump 13 and an automatic controller 14 are arranged on the fixed cross rods 5.

Example 10:

in the particle size collection method of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as shown in the embodiment 9, the difference is that a primary cloud and mist water retention chamber 31, a secondary cloud and mist water retention chamber 32 and a tertiary cloud and mist water retention chamber 33 are detachably connected, the rear ends of the primary cloud and mist water retention chamber and the rear end of the secondary cloud and mist water retention chamber are respectively provided with a positioning pin ring 17, the inner diameter of the positioning pin ring 17 is the same as the inner diameter of the cloud and mist retention chamber, the outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the cloud and mist retention chamber, and the front ends of the secondary cloud and mist water retention chamber and the tertiary cloud and mist water retention chamber are respectively provided with a rotary vane 18 matched with the positioning pin ring;

13a, three notches 19 are uniformly formed in the positioning pin ring 17 along the axial direction of the positioning pin ring, the number of the rotary blades 18 is three, the three notches 19 are uniformly distributed on the peripheries of the front ends of the secondary cloud mist water interception cavity and the tertiary cloud mist water interception cavity, the size of each notch 19 is matched with that of each rotary blade 18, a fixing groove 20 for accommodating the rotary blade is formed in the right side of each notch 19, the size of each fixing groove 20 is larger than that of each rotary blade 18, the thickness of each rotary blade 80 is thinned from left to right, a spring pressing piece 21 is arranged in each fixing groove 20, and after the rotary blade 18 is screwed into the fixing groove 20 clockwise, the spring pressing piece 21 is pressed against the rotary blade 18 to fix the rotary blade.

During installation, firstly, three rotary blades 18 are placed at three notches 19, then the rotary blades are rotated clockwise, the rotary blades 18 gradually move into fixing grooves 20 at the notches, and because the thickness of the rotary blades 18 is different, the rotary blades are pressed more and tighter against the spring pressing sheets in the rotating process, such as the thickness a 22 of the rotary blades of 13b, after the rotary blades completely enter the fixing grooves 20, the compression degree of the spring pressing sheets is maximum, such as the thickness b 23 of the illustrated rotary blades realizes the fixing of the rotary blades, and when the rotary blades are detached, the rotary blades are slightly extruded forwards, and the rotary blades are rotated anticlockwise, so that the rotary blades can be rotated out of the fixing grooves, and the detachable connection is realized.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The grain size collection method of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) The method comprises the steps that a sample collection system and a weather detection system of the multi-stage cloud water collector are installed on site, the installation direction of the weather detection system is north hemisphere, south hemisphere is south, the deflection angle is smaller than or equal to 15 degrees, and the sample collection system and the weather detection system are electrically connected and in signal connection;

The multi-stage cloud and mist water collector comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system, wherein the weather detection system comprises a miniature mist detector, a rain and snow sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic controller;

(5) After collection is finished, taking a collection bottle in the sample storage chamber, and replacing the collection bottle with a new collection bottle;

the multistage cloud mist water intercepting cavity in the step (3) comprises a first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, a second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and a third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, wherein rope net fixing structures are fixed on the multistage cloud mist water intercepting cavities, collecting rope nets are fixed in the rope net fixing structures and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle sizes, and the collecting rope nets of the different cloud mist water intercepting cavities are different;

The diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud water interception cavity is 8-15mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;

the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception cavity is 0.45-1.2mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;

the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the three-stage cloud water interception cavity is 0.1-0.2mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;

in the step (3), when the weather is detected to be non-foggy, namely the visibility detected by the micro-fog detector is more than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor is less than 90%, the sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

when the weather sensor detects that the weather is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow is greater than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

When the weather is detected to be pure fog, namely the visibility detected by the micro fog detector is less than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor is more than 90%, and whether the weather is detected to be rain-free/snow-free by the rain and snow sensor or not, the sample collecting system is started to be in a pure fog mode for particle size collection;

the number and combination of the multistage cloud mist water interception chambers selected according to actual needs are different, the particle size collection process is different, and when the inner diameter of the multistage cloud mist water interception chambers is 15cm, the specific process is as follows:

A. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part and a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber from front to back:

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 280-420W, rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through a rain water interception part, cloud air clusters are then passed through a first-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, when a cloud fog air mass passes through the first-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 mu m are not collected;

B. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and a second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber from front to back:

When the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 400-600W, after a cloud and fog air cluster enters a sampler, rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through a rain water interception part, the cloud and fog air cluster then passes through a first-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, the cloud and fog air cluster then passes through a second-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, when a cloud fog air mass passes through the first-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and when the cloud fog air mass passes through the second-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

C. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part and a secondary cloud mist water interception chamber from front to back:

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 800-1000W, after rain and fog groups enter the sampler, rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through the rain water interception part, and when the cloud and fog groups subsequently pass through the secondary cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

When the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

D. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, a second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and a third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber from front to back:

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 1500W, after a cloud fog air cluster enters a sampler, rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are collected through a rain water interception part, when the cloud fog air cluster passes through a first-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, when the cloud fog air cluster passes through a second-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, when the cloud fog air cluster passes through a third-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 mu m are collected, and finally, fog drops with the particle size of less than 2 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected when a cloud fog air mass passes through the first-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected when the cloud fog air mass passes through the second-stage cloud water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 mu m are collected when the cloud air mass passes through the third-stage cloud water interception chamber, and finally, fog drops with the particle size of less than 2 mu m are not collected.

2. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 1, wherein a rainwater interception baffle and a rainwater grate are arranged in a sleeve of the rainwater interception part, the rainwater interception baffle comprises an upper baffle positioned at the top of the sleeve and a lower baffle positioned on a bottom plate, and the rainwater grate is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;

the upper baffle is V-shaped, the included angle between the inclined edge of one side close to the air inlet and the horizontal plane is alpha, the included angle between the inclined edge of one side far away from the air inlet and the horizontal plane is beta, and the included angle between the inclined edge of one side far away from the air inlet and the horizontal plane is 55-65 degrees;

the lower baffle is inclined towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle and the horizontal plane is gamma, and the gamma is 45-55 degrees;

the rainwater grate is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, and is obliquely arranged at an acute angle with the horizontal plane towards the direction of the air inlet;

The front thermocouple and the rear thermocouple control the power of the heating plate by sensing the front-rear temperature difference of the cloud air mass, and the heating plate is arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate;

3. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the collected samples are collected to a sample storage room through a water collecting tank, and the sample storage room is a constant-temperature storage room;

4. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud water collector according to claim 3, wherein the sliding groove is a laterally-arranged U-shaped groove, a small threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the sliding groove, a reducing screw is arranged in the small threaded hole and comprises a small threaded portion and a large threaded portion, the small threaded portion is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole of the sliding groove, a large threaded hole is formed in the sliding piece, and the large threaded portion of the reducing screw is in threaded fit with the large threaded hole of the sliding piece after the sliding piece slides into the sliding groove.

5. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 4, wherein a door leaf is arranged at the front end of the shell, a limiting rotating shaft is arranged between the door leaf and the bottom plate, a door switch structure capable of being sprung and buckled is arranged on the door leaf and the shell, the door switch structure and a signal transmission processing module of an automatic controller send signals when the sample collection system starts to work, the door switch structure automatically sprung, the door leaf is opened by means of the limiting rotating shaft at the moment, and the vacuum suction pump starts to work after the door leaf is opened for a certain time.

6. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud water collector according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the sample collection system and the weather detection system is within 1.5m when the method is installed in the step (1).

7. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 6, wherein the installation height of the micro mist detector, the rainfall sensor and the rain and snow sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 2.5m, and the installation height of the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 1.5m.