CN212844635U - Online concentration and collection device for atmospheric fine particles - Google Patents
Online concentration and collection device for atmospheric fine particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN212844635U CN212844635U CN202021491000.3U CN202021491000U CN212844635U CN 212844635 U CN212844635 U CN 212844635U CN 202021491000 U CN202021491000 U CN 202021491000U CN 212844635 U CN212844635 U CN 212844635U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the environmental protection, specifically be an online atmosphere fine particles thing is concentrated and collection device. The utility model discloses the device includes PM2.5The device comprises a cutting head, a water tank system, a virtual cutting system, a condensation circulating system and an online concentrated sample collecting system; the water tank system comprises a water tank, an electric heating rod, a temperature control digital display device and a PM2.5The cutting head is communicated with the water tank; the virtual cutting system comprises a virtual cutter, a concentrated airflow vacuum pump and a main airflow vacuum pump; the condensation circulating system comprises a condensing agent circulating pipe and a condensing machine; the condensation circulating system is used for circulating and circulating condensate to condense and grow saturated particles; on-line concentrationThe sample reduction and collection system comprises a biological sampling bottle, an electromagnetic valve, a relay, a fraction automatic collector and a computer subdivision constant flow pump. The device can concentrate actual atmospheric fine particles by 7 to 10 times, and has high concentration efficiency; can provide technical support for subsequent on-line chemical component or toxicity detection; the device is simple and convenient to operate, reliable and stable, and low in maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the environmental protection, concretely relates to medium flow particulate matter is concentrated system and method, especially relates to an online atmosphere fine particles thing is concentrated and collection device.
Background
PM2.5Refers to particles having an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 microns in the atmosphere, also known as respirable particles. Albeit PM2.5But only the earth's atmospheric constituents are very small in content, but they have a significant effect on air quality and visibility. Atmospheric PM2.5Small grain size, large specific surface area, containing a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, long suspension time in the atmosphere and long transmission distance, thereby having no negligible negative effects on human health and atmospheric environmental quality.
In recent years, atmospheric PM of China2.5Serious pollution leads to a rapid increase of the diagnosis rate and premature death of susceptible people. Particularly, the toxic and harmful chemical components carried by the haze aerosol particles endanger the health of people, and cause high social attention. There has been a great deal of epidemiological evidence that PM is indicative of2.5Has acute and chronic health effects. High concentration PM2.5Exposure increases the risk of acute respiratory and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, while PM is present2.5Can induce chronic diseases such as lung cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pneumonia (COPD), cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease, etc., and affect immune system and nervous system. Therefore, the study on the particle toxicity of the haze aerosol also becomes one of the research hotspots and frontiers. However, the determination of the toxicity of the fine atmospheric particulates is limited by detection techniques and instruments (such as a high detection limit), and currently, the determination is still performed in an off-line detection stage, and needs to be performed under the conditions of heavy pollution and long continuous sampling time, and thus, the requirements for monitoring the concentration of the fine atmospheric particulates and the characteristics of toxic chemical components in real time cannot be met.
For filling above-mentioned technical blank, the utility model discloses the online atmosphere fine particles of well flow who develops concentrates and collection device can be with the aerosol under the prerequisite that does not change any physicochemical characteristic except that the concentration, and the concentration enrichment is enough to obviously detect the level of its toxicity. Meanwhile, the system has an online sampling function, can be used together with an online toxicity detection instrument and a plurality of chemical component detection instruments, enables realization of online artificial intelligence detection of the toxicity and toxic components of the fine atmospheric particulates to be possible in the future, and can be widely applied to environment monitoring and health risk assessment.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the utility model is to provide an online atmosphere fine particles thing concentration and collection device that concentration efficiency is high, the concentration performance is stable.
The structure of the on-line atmospheric fine particulate matter concentration and collection device provided by the utility model is shown in figure 1; the method comprises the following steps: impact PM2.5The device comprises a cutting head, a water tank heating system, a virtual cutting system, a condensation circulating system and an online concentrated sample collecting system; wherein:
the collision type PM2.5Cutting head comprising PM10、PM5、PM2.5The three-stage impact separation and collection plate is of the same structure, but the number of holes and the aperture of the three-stage impact plate are different due to different impact inertias of particles with different particle diameters;
the water tank heating system comprises a water tank (9) for containing deionized water, and a heat insulation layer (10) is arranged on the inner wall of the water tank (9) and used for preserving the heat of the deionized water in the water tank (9); one side of the water tank (9) is provided with a visible window (11)Used for observing the height of the water surface in the box body; an electric heating rod (12) with a temperature sensor is arranged in the water tank (9) and used for heating the deionized water; a temperature control digital display device (13) is arranged in the water tank (9) and is used for controlling the temperature of the deionized water; impact PM2.5The cutting head (7) is communicated with the water tank (9);
the virtual cutting system comprises a virtual cutter (17), a concentrated airflow vacuum pump (2) and a main airflow vacuum pump (3); wherein the virtual cutter (17) comprises a nozzle (19), a nozzle connecting pipe (20) and two air paths: a main gas path and a concentration gas path; the nozzle (19) and the nozzle connecting pipe (20) are coaxially arranged, the nozzle connecting pipe (20) is arranged above the nozzle (19) and is spaced by a certain gap, and the nozzle connecting pipe (20) is used for receiving particles sprayed by the nozzle (19); the main air flow vacuum pump (3) is communicated with a main air path outlet (18) at the upper part of the virtual cutter (17) through a pipeline, a drying pipe (4) and a large-flow mass flow controller (5) are arranged on the communicated pipeline, the drying pipe (4) is used for drying air flow so as to prevent the water vapor of the system from excessively damaging a pump body, and the large-flow mass flow controller (5) is used for accurately controlling the flow of the pipeline; the concentrated airflow vacuum pump (2) is communicated with a concentrated air passage at the upper part of the virtual cutter (17) through a pipeline, and a float flowmeter (1) is arranged on the communicated pipeline and used for metering the flow of the pipeline;
the condensation circulating system comprises a condensing agent circulating pipe (6) and a condenser (8); the condensing agent circulating pipe (6) comprises a condensing inner pipe (14), a soft copper spiral pipe (15) is tightly wound outside the condensing inner pipe (14), and the beginning end and the end of the spiral pipe (15) are respectively connected with an outlet and an inlet of the condensing machine (8); a heat insulation layer (16) is wrapped outside the spiral pipe (15), so that the temperature of the condensation pipe is not influenced by the outside temperature, and the condensation circulating system is used for circulating and circulating condensate to condense and grow saturated particles;
an airflow outlet of the water tank (9) is coaxially arranged with the beginning end of a condensation inner pipe (14) in a condensation circulating system and is connected by a quick-connection flange (containing a sealing ring); the terminal of the condensation inner pipe (14) is connected with a nozzle (19) in the virtual cutting system;
the online concentrated sample collection system comprises a biological sampling bottle 21, an electromagnetic valve and relay 22, a fraction automatic collector 23 and a computer subdivision constant flow pump 24; wherein, the upper port of the biological sampling bottle 21 is communicated with a communication pipeline between the concentrated airflow vacuum pump (2) and the virtual cutter (17) and is used for carrying out on-line collection on the concentrated saturated particles, and the collection solvent is deionized water or other organic solvents (selected as required); the four-channel computer subdivision constant flow pump (24) is provided with two pumps, wherein one pump is used for injecting a solvent into the biological sampling bottle, and the other pump is used for extracting the collected concentrated sample from the biological sampling bottle and realizing on-line concentrated sample collection; because negative high pressure can be produced in the sampling bottle 21, the solvent can still be continuously sucked into the sampling bottle when the computer subdivision constant flow pump is in a dormant state, so that the solution in the sampling bottle (20 ml volume) is full and even flows backwards. In order to solve the problem, an electromagnetic valve and a time relay (22) for controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are arranged in front of the two computer subdivision constant-current pumps and are used for controlling the two computer subdivision constant-current pumps to work so as to keep the working and sleeping time of the constant-current pumps synchronous; the concentrated solution pumped by the constant flow pump (24) is collected into a sample tube on a test tube turntable on line through a fraction automatic collector (23) for subsequent sample analysis (such as chemical components).
The utility model provides an online atmosphere fine particles thing is concentrated and collection device, its work flow as follows:
(1) to collision type PM2.5The cutting head (7) is arranged in the actual atmospheric environment, and the original atmospheric sample passes through the collision type PM2.5The cutting head (7) discharges PM2.5Atmospheric fine particles with the aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns are screened out and enter a water tank (9) by means of system suction;
(2) under a visible window (11), adding deionized water to two thirds of the height of the water tank, heating the deionized water by using an electric heating rod (12) with a temperature sensor, and controlling the temperature to be 45 +/-2 ℃ by using a temperature control digital display device (13) to enable the generated water vapor to enable particles to reach a saturated state;
(3) the particles reaching the saturated state flow through a condensation inner pipe (14) of the condensation circulating system; the external circulation temperature control mode of the condenser controls the temperature to be minus 19 +/-1 ℃, so that the circulating condensate liquid condenses and grows saturated particles, wherein most PM2.5Can grow to 3-4 microns in aerodynamic diameter;
(4) condensing the growing PM2.5The particles enter the virtual cutter (17) and are accelerated at the nozzle (19); the accelerating power of the device comes from two gas paths, namely a main gas path and a concentration gas path; in the main gas path, the main flow is accurately controlled to be 50 liters plus or minus 1/minute by a mass flow controller (5); in the concentration gas path, the particles accelerated by the nozzle (19) are received by a nozzle connecting pipe (20) above the coaxially arranged nozzle, and the flow of the concentrated gas flow is controlled to be 5 liters/minute; theoretically, under the condition that the concentration of the particulate matters is the same, the gas flow becomes one tenth of the original gas flow, and the concentration of the particulate matters in the sample becomes ten times of the original concentration, so that the concentration effect is achieved;
(5) collecting the concentrated saturated particles on line by using a biological sampling bottle (21), wherein the collecting solvent is deionized water or other organic solvents (selected as required); one of the two four-channel computer subdivision constant flow pumps (24) is used for injecting a solvent into the biological sampling bottle, controlling the work for 1 minute, injecting 5 to 10 milliliters of the solvent and sleeping for 59 minutes, and the other is used for extracting the collected concentrated sample from the biological sampling bottle, controlling the work for 1 minute, collecting 5 to 10 milliliters of the solvent and sleeping for 59 minutes; in order to keep synchronous with the working and sleeping time of the constant flow pump, the switching time of the electromagnetic valve is set to be 1 minute for switching on and 59 minutes for switching off; the concentrated solution pumped by the constant flow pump (24) is collected into a sample tube on a test tube turntable on line through a fraction automatic collector (23) for subsequent sample analysis (such as chemical components).
After the collection is finished, finally passing through a concentration factor (PM in the atmosphere after concentration)2.5Mass concentration/number concentration/chemical component concentration of (1) and PM in the atmosphere before concentration2.5Ratio of mass concentration/number concentration/chemical component concentration) and concentration efficiency (concentration after actual concentration is the theoretical concentration)Percentage of degrees) were evaluated. The number concentration and the mass concentration of the particles are measured by a scanning mobility particle size spectrometer connected with the other branch of the stainless steel tee joint (note: when a concentrated sample is collected and the number and the mass concentration of the particles are measured at the same time, the flow of the two branches of the concentrated gas circuit needs to be adjusted, and the sum of the two branches is equal to one tenth of the main gas flow).
In the device, the condensing agent in the condensing machine adopts alcohol, the concentration of which can be adjusted, and the effects of refrigerating and reducing the volatilization amount are only needed;
the diameter of the condensation inner pipe (14) is 2.5 cm, and the length is 80 cm;
the control range of the flow controller (5) is 0-200L/min;
the diameter of the nozzle is 0.37 cm, the spacing gap between the nozzle (9) and the nozzle connecting pipe (20) is 0.45 cm, and the diameter of the nozzle connecting pipe is 2.5 cm.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:
(1) the system can concentrate the actual atmospheric fine particles by 7 to 10 times (the particle size is related), the concentration efficiency is high and can reach 75 to 99 percent (the particle size is related), and the concentration performance is stable;
(2) the system has low requirements on the flow of sampled inlet air, and the actual atmospheric fine particles can be efficiently concentrated when the medium flow is 50 liters/minute;
(3) the particles concentrated by the system do not need to be dried, and can be directly collected and used for subsequent online or offline analysis;
(4) the system realizes the on-line collection of the concentrated sample and can provide technical support for the subsequent on-line chemical component or toxicity detection;
(5) the system is simple and convenient to operate, reliable, stable, easy to maintain and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mid-flow in-line atmospheric fine particulate concentration and collection system.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is a float flowmeter, 2 is a concentrated airflow vacuum pump, 3 is a main airflow vacuum pump, 4 is a drying pipe, and 5 is a mass flow controller6 is condensing agent circulating pipe, 7 is collision type PM2.5The device comprises a cutting head, 8 is a condenser, 9 is a water tank, 10 is a water tank heat insulation layer, 11 is a visible window, 12 is an electric heating rod with a temperature sensor, 13 is a temperature control digital display system, 14 is a condensation inner pipe, 15 is a condensation outer spiral pipe, 16 is a heat insulation layer, 17 is a virtual cutter, 18 is a main air outlet, 19 is a nozzle, 20 is a nozzle connecting pipe, 21 is a biological sampling bottle, 22 is an electromagnetic valve and a relay, 23 is a fraction automatic collector, and 24 is a computer subdivision constant flow pump.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1:
(1) to collision type PM2.5The cutting head (7) is arranged outside a 6-storey window of an environment building of the university of Compound Dan in an impact PM2.5Under the action of a cutting head (7), PM2.5Atmospheric fine particles with the aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns are screened out and enter a water tank (9) by means of pumping force provided by a main gas circuit and a concentration gas circuit;
(2) under a visible window (11), deionized water is added to two thirds of the height of a water tank, an electric heating rod (12) with a temperature sensor is used for heating the deionized water, the temperature is controlled to be 45 +/-2 ℃ through a temperature control digital display device (13), so that the generated water vapor enables particulate matters to reach a saturated state, the ambient temperature in an external field experiment does not exceed 24 ℃, the supersaturated ambient temperature in the water tank (9) is actually reduced to 31 ℃ or lower through the injection of low-temperature airflow, and the loss of volatile or semi-volatile components in the particulate matters can be greatly reduced through the parameter setting with a small difference from the actual ambient temperature;
(3) the particles reaching the saturated state flow through a condensation inner pipe (14) of the condensation circulating system; the external circulation temperature control mode of the condenser controls the temperature to be minus 19 +/-1 ℃, so that the circulating condensate liquid condenses and grows saturated particles, wherein most PM2.5Can grow to 3-4 microns in aerodynamic diameter;
(4) condensing the growing PM2.5The particulate matter entering the deficiencyA pseudo cutter (17) accelerated at the nozzle (19); the accelerating power of the device comes from two gas paths, namely a main gas path and a concentration gas path; in the main gas path, the main flow is accurately controlled to be 50 liters/minute by a large-flow mass flow controller (5); in the concentration gas path, the particles accelerated by the nozzle (19) are received by a nozzle connecting pipe (20) above the coaxially arranged nozzle, and the flow of the concentrated gas flow is controlled to be 5 liters/minute; theoretically, under the condition that the concentration of the particulate matters is the same, the gas flow becomes one tenth of the original gas flow, and the concentration of the particulate matters in the sample becomes ten times of the original concentration, so that the concentration effect is achieved;
(5) collecting the concentrated saturated particles on line by using a biological sampling bottle (21), wherein the collecting solvent is deionized water or other organic solvents (selected as required); one of the two four-channel computer subdivision constant flow pumps (24) is used for injecting a solvent into the biological sampling bottle, controlling the biological sampling bottle to work for 1 minute at a rotating speed of 21rpm, injecting 5 to 10 milliliters of the solvent and sleeping for 59 minutes, and the other is used for extracting a collected concentrated sample from the biological sampling bottle, controlling the biological sampling bottle to work for 1 minute at a rotating speed of 150rpm, collecting 5 to 10 milliliters of the solvent and sleeping for 59 minutes; in order to keep synchronous with the working and sleeping time of the constant flow pump, the switching time of the electromagnetic valve is set to be 1 minute for switching on and 59 minutes for switching off; the concentrated solution pumped by the constant flow pump (24) is collected into a sample tube on a test tube turntable on line through a fraction automatic collector (23) for subsequent sample analysis (such as chemical components).
In the concentration process, the sample inlets of the two scanning electric mobility particle size spectrometers are respectively connected with a concentration gas circuit of the enrichment system and the actual atmosphere, and the number concentration and the mass concentration of particles (10 to 1000 nanometers) in each particle size range in the system and the actual atmosphere are continuously monitored, so that concentration factors (PM in the atmosphere after concentration) are calculated2.5Mass/number concentration of (2) and PM in the atmosphere before concentration2.5Mass concentration/number concentration ratio) and concentration efficiency (concentration after actual concentration as a percentage of the theoretical concentration), detailed data are shown in table 1. The flow rates of the two scanning electric mobility particle size spectrometers were set at 0.3 liter/min, so that when connected to the enrichment system, the concentration gas line was 0.3 liter/minThe bell airflow entered the scanning mobility particle size spectrometer and the remaining 4.7 liters/min airflow was used for subsequent concentrated sample collection. In addition, because system steam is too big, be difficult for direct access to scan mobility particle size spectrometer, need add the drying tube in the front end and get rid of steam and reduce the particle size. (note: when collecting the concentrated sample and determining the number and mass concentration of the particulate matter, the flow of two branches of the concentrated gas path needs to be adjusted to make the sum of the two branches equal to one tenth of the main gas flow).
TABLE 1 enrichment efficiency of different particle size particles in real atmospheric environment
Claims (4)
1. An online concentration and collection device for atmospheric fine particulate matter, comprising: impact PM2.5The device comprises a cutting head, a water tank heating system, a virtual cutting system, a condensation circulating system and an online concentrated sample collecting system; wherein:
the collision type PM2.5Cutting head comprising PM10、PM5、PM2.5The three-stage impact separation and collection plate is of the same structure, and the number of holes and the aperture of the three-stage impact plate are different due to different impact inertias of particles with different particle diameters;
the water tank heating system comprises a water tank (9) for containing deionized water, wherein a water tank heat insulation layer (10) is arranged on the inner wall of the water tank (9) and used for preserving the heat of the deionized water in the water tank (9); one side of the water tank (9) is provided with a visible window (11) for observing the height of the water surface in the tank body; an electric heating rod (12) with a temperature sensor is arranged in the water tank (9) and used for heating the deionized water; a temperature control digital display device (13) is arranged in the water tank (9) and is used for controlling the temperature of the deionized water; impact PM2.5The cutting head (7) is communicated with the water tank (9);
the virtual cutting system comprises a virtual cutter (17), a concentrated airflow vacuum pump (2) and a main airflow vacuum pump (3); wherein the virtual cutter (17) comprises a nozzle (19), a nozzle connecting pipe (20) and two air paths: a main gas path and a concentration gas path; the nozzle (19) and the nozzle connecting pipe (20) are coaxially arranged, the nozzle connecting pipe (20) is arranged above the nozzle (19) and is spaced by a certain gap, and the nozzle connecting pipe (20) is used for receiving particles sprayed by the nozzle (19); the main air flow vacuum pump (3) is communicated with a main air path outlet (18) at the upper part of the virtual cutter (17) through a pipeline, a drying pipe (4) and a large-flow mass flow controller (5) are arranged on the communicated pipeline, the drying pipe (4) is used for drying air flow so as to prevent the water vapor of the system from excessively damaging a pump body, and the large-flow mass flow controller (5) is used for accurately controlling the flow of the pipeline; the concentrated airflow vacuum pump (2) is communicated with a concentrated air passage at the upper part of the virtual cutter (17) through a pipeline, and a float flowmeter (1) is arranged on the communicated pipeline and used for metering the flow of the pipeline;
the condensation circulating system comprises a condensing agent circulating pipe (6) and a condenser (8); the condensing agent circulating pipe (6) comprises a condensing inner pipe (14), a soft copper spiral pipe (15) is tightly wound outside the condensing inner pipe (14), and the beginning end and the end of the spiral pipe (15) are respectively connected with an outlet and an inlet of the condensing machine (8); a heat insulation layer (16) is wrapped outside the spiral pipe (15), so that the temperature of the condensation pipe is not influenced by the outside temperature, and the condensation circulating system is used for circulating and circulating condensate to condense and grow saturated particles;
an airflow outlet of the water tank (9) is coaxially arranged with the beginning end of a condensation inner pipe (14) in a condensation circulating system and is connected by a quick-connection flange; the terminal of the condensation inner pipe (14) is connected with a nozzle (19) in the virtual cutting system;
the online concentrated sample collection system comprises a biological sampling bottle (21), an electromagnetic valve and a relay (22), a fraction automatic collector (23) and a computer subdivision constant flow pump (24); wherein, the upper port of the biological sampling bottle (21) is communicated with a communication pipeline between the concentrated airflow vacuum pump (2) and the virtual cutter (17) and is used for carrying out on-line collection on the concentrated saturated particles, and the collection solvent is deionized water or other organic solvents; the four-channel computer subdivision constant flow pump (24) is provided with two pumps, wherein one pump is used for injecting a solvent into the biological sampling bottle, and the other pump is used for extracting the collected concentrated sample from the biological sampling bottle and realizing on-line concentrated sample collection; an electromagnetic valve and a time relay for controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are arranged in front of the two computer subdivision constant-current pumps and are used for controlling the two computers to subdivide the constant-current pumps to work so that the working and sleeping time of the constant-current pumps is kept synchronous; the concentrated solution pumped by the constant flow pump (24) is collected into a sample tube on a test tube turntable on line through a fraction automatic collector (23) for subsequent sample analysis.
2. The on-line concentration and collection device for atmospheric fine particulate matter as recited in claim 1, wherein the condensing agent in the condenser is alcohol, and the concentration of the alcohol is adjustable, so as to achieve the effects of refrigerating and reducing the volatilization amount.
3. The on-line atmospheric fine particulate concentration and collection device of claim 1, wherein the condensation inner tube (14) has a diameter of 2.5 cm and a length of 80 cm.
4. The on-line atmospheric fine particulate concentrating and collecting device of claim 1, wherein the nozzle diameter is 0.37 cm, the nozzle (19) and nozzle adapter (20) have a spacing gap of 0.45 cm, and the nozzle adapter has a diameter of 2.5 cm.
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| CN111855375A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2020-10-30 | 复旦大学 | Online concentration and collection device and method for atmospheric fine particles |
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| CN111855375A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2020-10-30 | 复旦大学 | Online concentration and collection device and method for atmospheric fine particles |
| CN111855375B (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2024-04-23 | 复旦大学 | Online atmospheric fine particulate matter concentrating and collecting device and method |
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