CN115480321B - Multistage cloud and fog water collecting device equipped with weather detection system - Google Patents
Multistage cloud and fog water collecting device equipped with weather detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115480321B CN115480321B CN202111432602.0A CN202111432602A CN115480321B CN 115480321 B CN115480321 B CN 115480321B CN 202111432602 A CN202111432602 A CN 202111432602A CN 115480321 B CN115480321 B CN 115480321B
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- 239000003665 fog water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 239000003897 fog Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 41
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/30—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from snow or ice
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multistage cloud and mist water collecting device provided with a weather detection system, and belongs to the technical field of environment detection. The device comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system, wherein the weather detection system comprises a miniature fog detector, a rain and snow sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic controller; the sample collection system comprises a shell, wherein the shell is composed of a sleeve and a bottom plate, the position of an air inlet is taken as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the shell from front to back, and a multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multistage cloud mist water interception part and used for intercepting cloud mist air mass drops with different particle diameters; a sample storage room is arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud mist water interception part. According to the invention, the problem of precipitation and snowfall mixed in cloud and fog weather in traditional external field sampling is solved through a weather detection system, and the collection of the particle size of a cloud and fog water sample is realized through multistage rainwater and cloud and fog water interception parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multistage cloud and mist water collecting device provided with a weather detection system, and belongs to the technical field of environment detection.
Background
Cloud and fog observation starts from cloud and microphysics research of meteorological science in the 50 th century, and an aerologist passes through a cloud layer in a short time through an airborne cloud and fog sampler to obtain a small amount of cloud and fog water samples in a short time and obtain data such as droplet size, liquid water content, fog droplet spectrum distribution and the like of the cloud and fog water samples; later, with the increase of global pollution activities such as acid rain and haze, atmospheric environment researchers start to carry a cloud and mist water sampler of a foundation to observe a long-period cloud and mist water pollution process.
The foundation type cloud and mist water sampler is divided into a passive type and an active type, and the active type sampler is different from the passive type in that a fan power device is added on the basis of the passive type to improve the air inflow in unit time so as to improve the collection efficiency of the sampler.
The movement of liquid drops in the cloud and fog air mass is mainly divided into three processes of condensation, collision and sedimentation according to time sequence. The new cloud mist water-air mass starts from the water absorption generating activity of a cloud condensation nucleus, in the condensation process, the particle size of liquid drops is distributed in the range of 2-20 mu m, and the concentration of a pollutant contributing source is in direct proportion to the diameter of the liquid drops; the small droplets collide with each other to generate droplets with large particle diameter, and the concentration of a pollutant contributing source is inversely proportional to the diameter of the droplets; after the droplet size continues to increase through the course of motion to create sedimentation, the pollution source concentration loses significant correlation with droplet diameter. In addition, in a long-time cloud event, the three droplet motion processes are often performed simultaneously, but the existing cloud water sampler cannot realize separate collection of the three motion processes of the cloud droplets.
All aerosol particles forming liquid drops are nonuniform in size or composition and can be activated under different movement processes and conditions, and in order to study different pollution processes in movement of cloud and fog liquid drops, a sampling device for collecting rainwater and cloud and fog water particle sizes is necessary to design.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multistage cloud and fog water collecting device provided with a weather detection system, which is applied to external field monitoring, solves the problem that rainfall and snowfall are mixed in cloud and fog weather in traditional external field sampling through the weather detection system, and realizes the collection of the particle size of a cloud and fog water sample through multistage rainwater and a cloud and fog water interception part.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-stage cloud and mist water collecting device provided with a weather detection system comprises the weather detection system and a sample collecting system;
the weather detection system comprises a miniature fog detector, a rain and snow sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic controller, and is used for detecting weather conditions and recording weather parameters;
the sample collection system comprises a shell (after the sample collection system is installed, the shell is in a horizontal state), the shell is composed of a sleeve and a bottom plate positioned at the bottom of the sleeve, the position of an air inlet is taken as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the shell from front to back, a multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multistage cloud mist water interception part and is used for intercepting cloud mist air cluster liquid drops with different particle diameters, and the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with a vacuum pump through an exhaust pipe;
A sample storage room is arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud mist water interception part and is used for storing rainwater and liquid drops collected in a particle size distribution way;
the automatic controller comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, wherein the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller, data are stored in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump.
Preferably, the multistage cloud mist water intercepting cavity sequentially comprises a first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, a second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and a third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity from front to back, wherein rope net fixing structures are fixed on the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, and collecting rope nets are fixed in the rope net fixing structures and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle diameters;
it is worth noting that the multi-stage cloud mist water interception chamber is not limited to three stages, the chamber can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions, the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers are required to be arranged behind a rainwater interception part, and the rain drops in different movement processes of a cloud mist air cluster, the large-particle-diameter cloud drops in a sedimentation process, the medium-particle-diameter cloud drops in a collision process and the small-particle-diameter cloud drops in a cloud condensation process can be intercepted in sequence from large to small according to the particle size range; the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be independently split and combined according to actual needs, however, if the purpose of particle size collection is realized, the third-stage chambers must be arranged in sequence from the air inlet direction according to the rainwater interception parts, the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers, and the sequence cannot be disturbed, for example, if the purpose of respectively collecting the mixed sample of raindrops and large-particle and small-particle-size cloud mist drops in the initial condensation process of the cloud condensation nuclei is realized, the first-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be removed, and the original mist drops intercepted by the first-stage and second-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be intercepted and collected together by the second-stage cloud mist water interception chambers.
Correspondingly, different air extraction flow rates can be selected according to the number and the combination condition of the chambers, namely, the power gear of the vacuum pump is set so as to match the optimal collection efficiency:
under the condition that only the rainwater interception part and the first-stage cloud mist water interception cavity are arranged, the power of an air suction vacuum pump is between 280W and 420W, and rain drops (more than 100 mu m) and large-particle-size mist drops (40-100 mu m) are mainly collected; under the condition that only a rainwater interception part and a first-stage cloud mist water interception cavity and a second-stage cloud mist water interception cavity exist, the power of an air suction vacuum pump is 400W-600W, and rain drops, large-particle-size mist drops and small-particle-size mist drops (20-40 mu m) are mainly collected; under the condition that only a rainwater interception part and a secondary cloud mist water interception cavity are arranged, the power of an air suction vacuum pump is between 800W and 1000W, and a mixed sample of raindrops and cloud mist drops with large and small particle sizes is mainly collected; when the rainwater interception part and the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers exist, the power of the air suction vacuum pump is about 1500W, rain drops, large-particle-size mist drops, small-particle-size mist drops and extremely small-particle-size mist drops (2-20 mu m) are mainly collected, and the power of the vacuum pump is the most preferable based on the internal diameter of the multistage cloud mist water interception chambers being 15 cm.
The device provided by the invention realizes the classified collection of liquid drops in the cloud and mist air mass through a cloud and mist channel formed by multiple stages of chambers and a multi-gear vacuum pump.
Preferably, the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting chamber, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting chamber and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting chamber are all cylindrical and connected with each other, the rope net fixing structure is of a square structure, and the rope net fixing structure is fixedly connected (welded or integrally formed) with the cloud mist water intercepting chamber corresponding to the rope net fixing structure;
the shell of the invention is composed of the sleeve and the bottom plate, and is of a cylindrical-like aluminum alloy structure, the air inlet area is enlarged under the condition of relatively unchanged volume, the machine body quality is reduced, the light and mechanical requirements are met, a multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity is arranged in the sleeve, a hollow double-layer structure is formed between the sleeve and the multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity, and the double-layer structure is convenient for the circuit wiring to be distributed in the hollow double-layer interlayer when an electric appliance of the sample collecting system is electrically connected with the automatic controller, so that the safety problem of field electricity consumption is solved;
the rope net fixing structure is internally provided with a plurality of rows of fixing grooves (preferably 3 rows), the lower parts of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves are communicated with the bottoms of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves and are used for placing the collecting rope net from the bottoms of the fixing grooves, the two side walls of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves are respectively provided with a long nylon rod through hole A, the two side walls of the sleeve are respectively provided with a long nylon rod through hole B corresponding to the long nylon rod through holes A of the fixing grooves, and the two side edges of the collecting rope net are respectively provided with a fixing hole; the rope net fixing structure is preferably formed by integrally cutting nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, so that sample pollution caused by metal contact in the process of collision and collection of cloud and mist water samples is avoided;
Further preferably, the upper end of the collecting rope net is inclined towards the direction of the air inlet after being installed, and the included angle between the collecting rope net and the horizontal plane is theta, and the included angle is preferably 50-60 degrees.
Preferably, collect the rope net and include rope frame and teflon rope, teflon rope equidistant is fixed in on the rope frame, the fixed orifices is located rope frame both sides, the collection rope net of one-level cloud fog water interception cavity, second grade cloud fog water interception cavity and tertiary cloud fog water interception cavity comprises the teflon rope of different interval, different diameters respectively, and is specific:
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud water interception cavity is 8-15mm, preferably 11.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception cavity is 0.45-1.2mm, preferably 0.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the three-stage cloud mist water interception cavity is 0.1-0.2mm, preferably 0.18mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the size of the Teflon rope diameter is mainly based on the difference of capturing effect of the rope on liquid drops with different particle diameters in fluid mechanics, the different rope net diameters realize capturing of the liquid drops with different particle diameters under the same flow velocity, the rope spacing is the balance of capturing of the liquid drops and air flow obstruction, so that the high efficiency requirement in capturing of cloud and mist liquid drops is met, and the parameters of the diameter and the spacing of the collecting rope can be adjusted according to actual conditions according to the collection of the mist particle diameters;
After the rope net fixing structure is connected with the bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected with the sleeve again, then a plurality of collecting rope nets are sequentially and obliquely put into a plurality of rows of fixing grooves of the rope net fixing structure from reserved openings of a water collecting groove of the bottom plate, and then long nylon rods penetrate through long nylon rod through holes B, long nylon rod through holes A and fixing holes to fix the collecting rope nets.
The collecting device of the embodiment comprises a rainwater intercepting part, a first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, a second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and a third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, and the working process is as follows:
1. when the micro mist detector detects that the weather is non-mist, namely the visibility detected by the micro mist detector is more than 500m, and the humidity of the temperature and humidity sensor is less than 90%, the sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;
2. when the weather detected by the rain and snow sensor of the weather detection system is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow is larger than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state due to the larger rainfall/snow, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;
3. when weather detected by a rain and snow sensor of the weather detection system is rain/snow, and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow is less than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and mist mixing mode, and particle size collection is started:
The power of the vacuum pump is 1500W, at the moment, the concentration of aerosol cloud condensation is higher, the cloud condensation effect is rich, the spectrum peak of the fog drops moves forward, after the fog drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m enter a sampler, the rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are captured and collected through a rain water interception part for three times, when the fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m (large-particle-size fog drops) are collected after the fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m pass through a primary-stage fog water interception chamber, when the fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m (small-particle-size fog drops) pass through a secondary-stage fog water interception chamber, the fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 mu m (small-particle-size fog drops) are collected after the fog drops with the particle size of less than 2 mu m are not collected;
4. when detecting that weather is under the pure fog mode, namely miniature fog detector detects that the visibility is less than 500m, and temperature and humidity sensor humidity is greater than 90%, and whether the sensor detects that weather is rain-free/snow-free, vacuum pump power is 1500W, does not have rainwater interception part this moment, and its particle diameter collection process is:
after the cloud mist air mass enters the sampler, large-particle-size mist drops (40-100 mu m) are collected when passing through the first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, small-particle-size mist drops (40-100 mu m) are collected when passing through the second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, and extremely small-particle-size mist drops (2-20 mu m) are collected when passing through the third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber;
Preferably, a rainwater interception baffle and a rainwater grate are arranged in the sleeve (namely the first sleeve) of the rainwater interception part to play a role in intercepting rainwater, the rainwater interception baffle comprises an upper baffle positioned at the top of the sleeve and a lower baffle positioned on the bottom plate, and the rainwater grate is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;
the upper baffle is V-shaped, the included angle between the inclined edge of the side, which is close to the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is alpha, the included angle between the inclined edge of the side, which is far away from the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is 25-35 degrees, and under the condition that the air inlet efficiency is not affected, larger raindrops are captured once, and the included angle between the inclined edge of the side, which is far away from the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is beta, and the included angle between the inclined edge of the side and the horizontal plane is 55-65 degrees;
the lower baffle is a unilateral inclined plate and inclines towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle and the horizontal plane is gamma, the gamma is 45-55 degrees, and after cloud mist air clusters flow through the inclined edge of one side of the upper baffle, which is close to the air inlet, due to the fact that the area of the air channel is reduced, air flow is accelerated, and raindrops are secondarily captured by the lower baffle due to larger inertia of the raindrops; after the cloud air mass flows through the unilateral inclined plate of the lower baffle, the air flow direction is changed, and the partially reflowed air mass passes through the inclined edge at the rear side of the upper baffle, so that the three-time capture of raindrops is realized under the condition of correcting the air flow direction;
the relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle plate and the highest point of the lower baffle plate in the vertical direction is 40-50% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the relative distance in the horizontal direction is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;
The rainwater grate is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, the rainwater grate is obliquely arranged at an acute angle to the horizontal plane towards the direction of the air inlet, the rainwater interception part intercepts raindrops by virtue of an upper baffle plate and a lower baffle plate, the process of converging the drops from the air flow channel to the water collecting tank lacks the diversion effect of a collecting rope net, the drop loss is caused by secondary transverse displacement possibly caused by high-speed air flow in the process of dropping the raindrops to the water collecting tank, and the rainwater grate structure is arranged above the bottom plate of the first section of sleeve, so that the diversion effect in the dropping process of the raindrops is achieved;
the traditional rainwater interception technology generally adopts a horizontal baffle plate arranged above an air inlet, so that only partial interception of high rainfall and large raindrops can be realized, and partial raindrops still can be sucked into a collecting channel along with air flow; however, cloud and fog events are often accompanied by rain events with low rainfall and small drops, the small drops are in front of the transverse suction surface of the air inlet, the horizontal baffle above the air inlet is basically ineffective, and the rainwater interception part of the invention realizes synchronous collection of the drops on the basis of solving the problem.
Preferably, the tops of two bevel edges of the upper baffle plate penetrate through the sleeve and are fixed by arc-shaped inserting sheet screws;
The bottom of the lower baffle plate is arranged below the bottom plate in a penetrating way and is fixed by adopting arc inserting screws;
specifically, the sleeve is connected with the two bevel edges of the upper baffle plate and the bottom plate is connected with the lower baffle plate through two arc-shaped inserting pieces, and the front end and the rear end of each arc-shaped inserting piece penetrate through the baffle plate and are fixed at the bottom of the sleeve or the bottom of the bottom plate through screws.
The front-end thermocouple is vertically arranged on the inclined edge of one side of the upper baffle, which is close to the air inlet, the rear-end thermocouple is vertically arranged on the lower baffle from bottom to top, heating plates are arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle and used for heating supercooled cloud mist to prevent condensation, and the front-end thermocouple, the rear-end thermocouple and the heating plates are all connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller.
The front end thermocouple and the rear end thermocouple control the power of hot plate through the front and back difference in temperature of perception cloud air ball, and the hot plate sets up in last baffle and lower baffle, and this heating method has realized the collection problem of supercooled cloud to solved traditional through in the hollow rope pipe built-in heater strip heating supercooled collection rope net size restriction problem that brings (in traditional collection rope net, to the general Teflon rope pipe that adopts hollow structure of major diameter, its interior hollow structure, save material can set up the heater strip in it), compensatied and collected the missing nature problem to the mist of small diameter cloud.
When the temperature difference between the rear thermocouple and the front thermocouple is lower than 2 ℃, the temperature difference signal is transmitted to the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller of the weather detection system, the signal transmission processing module controls the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle to improve the heat power, when the temperature difference is higher than 10 ℃, the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle reduce the heat power, and when the temperature difference is higher than 4 ℃, the heating plates are not opened.
Preferably, the sample collection system further comprises a tripod, wherein a plurality of sections of cross rods are fixedly arranged above the tripod, adjacent cross rods are fixedly connected through flange rings, a horseshoe-shaped fixing table with threads is arranged above each section of cross rod and is used for fixing a rainwater interception part and a bottom plate of a multistage cloud mist water interception part, an L-shaped support is arranged below each section of cross rod and is used for placing a sample storage room, and a water pipe through hole is further formed in the cross rod and is used for connecting a water pipe of a water outlet of a water collecting tank;
The bottom plate is provided with fixing feet which are fixedly connected with the horseshoe-shaped fixing table;
preferably, the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with an exhaust pipe through a conical air cavity;
the weather detection system is fixed on the aluminum telescopic rod, a plurality of fixed cross bars are distributed along the aluminum telescopic rod from top to bottom, the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor, the rain and snow sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, the vacuum pump and the automatic controller are arranged on the fixed cross bars, and when the weather detection system is arranged, the distance between the sample collection system and the weather detection system is within 1.5m because the vacuum pump is positioned on the weather detection system, and the vacuum pump can be fixed on one side of the sample collection system for the convenience of installation;
the installation direction of the weather detection system is the north-offset direction, the offset angle is less than or equal to 15 degrees, the direct sunlight is prevented from entering the miniature fog detector, and the data noise level in the receiver is reduced;
the installation height of the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor and the rain and snow sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 2.5m, any building with the height exceeding 5m cannot be arranged in the sight range, and the installation height of the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 1.5m.
The model of the miniature fog detector is preferably MiniOFS, the miniature fog detector is used for detecting visibility, the model of the rain and snow sensor is preferably PHRS rain and snow sensor V3.0, the model of the rain sensor is preferably TY-YTYL piezoelectric rain sensor, the model of the temperature and humidity sensor is preferably HMT120 temperature and humidity sensor, a traditional cloud fog sampler start-stop signal can only be used as a fog event judging signal through single visibility or humidity parameter, and incorrect acquisition of a rainfall event is often caused.
Preferably, the sample storage chamber is a constant temperature storage chamber, the sample can be stored at about 4 ℃ (constant temperature storage can be realized by adopting the prior art and is not repeated here), the constant temperature storage chamber is a black shell, the constant temperature storage chamber is used for placing a sample bottle, direct sunlight of the sample can be avoided, a magnetic attraction structure is arranged at the bottom of the constant temperature storage chamber, a magnetic attraction sheet is arranged on an L-shaped support, the magnetic attraction sheet is matched with the magnetic attraction structure to complete connection, a screw hole is arranged on one side of the L-shaped support, and the constant temperature storage chamber is fixed on the L-shaped support through a screw;
And a door is further arranged on the side wall of the sample storage chamber, so that a sample bottle can be conveniently taken and placed.
Preferably, a water collecting groove reserved opening is arranged below the rainwater grate and the collecting rope net on the bottom plate, a water collecting groove is arranged below the water collecting groove reserved opening, the water collecting groove is of a rectangular internal inverted prismatic table structure, a water collecting groove water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the water collecting groove, an opening is reserved at the upper part of the sample storage chamber, the opening is connected with the water collecting groove water outlet through a water pipe, and the water pipe guides liquid at the water collecting groove water outlet to a sample bottle of the sample storage chamber;
the bottom of the bottom plate is provided with sliding grooves on two sides of a reserved opening of the water collecting tank, sliding sheets matched with the sliding grooves are arranged on two sides of the water collecting tank, and the sliding sheets and the water collecting tank are integrally formed;
preferably, the spout is the U type groove of side, the spout bottom is provided with little screw hole, little screw hole internal diameter-variable screw is provided with, the diameter-variable screw includes little screw thread part and big screw thread part, little screw thread part and the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, be provided with big screw hole on the gleitbretter, after the gleitbretter slides in the spout, the big screw thread part of diameter-variable screw and the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter.
When installing and collecting the rope net after installing the water-collecting tank, slide the gleitbretter and slide in the spout, the reducing screw is upwards screwed, its little screw thread part and the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, big screw thread part and the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter, screw up can, when dismantling, down spiral reducing screw, its big screw thread part breaks away from with the big screw hole of gleitbretter, realize demolising, but the little screw thread part of reducing screw is with the little screw hole cooperation of spout all the time, realized dismantling conveniently and the screw is difficult to lose, and after demolishing the water-collecting tank, also conveniently follow the water-collecting tank reservation mouth and take off and collect the rope net, wash or replace.
Preferably, the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity are connected in a detachable mode, the rear end of the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the rear end of the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity are respectively provided with a locating pin ring, the inner diameter of the locating pin rings is the same as the inner diameter of the cloud mist intercepting cavity, the outer diameter of the locating pin rings is larger than the outer diameter of the cloud mist intercepting cavity, and the front ends of the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity are respectively provided with a rotary vane matched with the locating pin rings;
The utility model discloses a rotary vane fixing device, including locating pin ring, rotary vane, spring pressing piece, rotary vane, back, spring pressing piece, rotary vane, fixed slot and spring pressing piece, the locating pin ring is last to evenly have three breach respectively along its axial, rotary vane quantity is three, evenly distributed holds cavity and tertiary cloud fog water and holds cavity front end periphery in second grade fog water, and the breach size suits with the rotary vane size, and each breach right side all is provided with a fixed slot that is used for holding the rotary vane, the size of fixed slot is greater than the rotary vane size, and every rotary vane thickness is by thick from left to right, the fixed slot is inside to be provided with a spring pressing piece, after the rotary vane clockwise screw in fixed slot, the spring pressing piece is pressed and is supported the fixed of rotary vane realization rotary vane.
During installation, at first three spiral-vane are placed in three breach departments, then clockwise rotatory spiral-vane, and the spiral-vane is removed to the fixed slot of breach department gradually in, because the spiral-vane thickness is different, the spiral-vane is more pressed more tightly to the spring preforming in rotatory in-process, after the spiral-vane gets into the fixed slot completely, spring preforming compression degree is biggest, realizes the fixed of spiral-vane, when dismantling, slightly extrudeed the spiral-vane forward, anticlockwise rotatory spiral-vane, can be with the spiral-vane follow fixed slot internal rotation out, has realized detachable connection.
Preferably, a door leaf is arranged at the front end of the shell, a limiting rotating shaft is arranged between the door leaf and the bottom plate, a door switch structure capable of being sprung and buckled is arranged on the door leaf and the shell, the door switch structure can be connected with a signal transmission processing module of an automatic controller, the signal transmission processing module can send signals to enable the door switch structure to be sprung or buckled automatically, after the door leaf is opened, the lower end of the door leaf is connected with the lower part of a first section of the multi-section sleeve through the rotating shaft, and after the door is opened for a certain time, the vacuum suction pump can start to work;
Preferably, the sleeves are multiple sections, the multiple sections of sleeves are sleeved with each other, wherein the sleeves of the first section of sleeves, namely the rainwater interception part, are fixed with the bottom plate all the time, when the sleeve is installed, the number of the required sleeves is selected according to the requirement, then the sleeves with the corresponding number of the sleeves are pulled out, and after the cloud mist water interception cavity is connected with the bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixedly connected with the sleeves through bolts at two sides.
The present invention is not limited to the details of the prior art.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the cloud and fog water collecting device is provided with a set of weather detection system, can intelligently identify whether weather is sunny or foggy, can judge whether rainfall (snow) exists in foggy days, and enables the sample collecting system to make a corresponding collecting state according to the quantity of the rainfall (snow);
the invention comprises a multistage cloud water interception chamber, wherein a specific collection rope net is arranged in the multistage cloud water interception chamber and is detachably arranged in a fixed groove through a rope net fixing structure, thereby being convenient to clean and replace, realizing the collection of the particle size of a cloud water sample, and preliminarily realizing the separation of liquid drops in different processes of condensation, collision, sedimentation and the like in a cloud air mass;
the invention has reasonable mechanical structure, the multistage mist-water interception chambers are connected in a detachable way, and the combination is convenient and quick.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sample collection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a weather detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tripod according to the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of the structure of the upper baffle;
FIG. 4b is a schematic view of the structure of the lower baffle;
FIG. 4c is a schematic view of a connection between a bevel edge of one side of an upper baffle and a sleeve of a rain water interception part according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a multi-stage cloud entrapment chamber;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a multi-section sleeve structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a reserved opening of a water collecting tank of the bottom plate;
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of a rope net fixing structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a schematic view of the internal structure of the rope net fixing structure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixing leg and the horseshoe-shaped fixing table;
FIG. 10a is a schematic view of the structure of the water collecting tank of the present invention;
FIG. 10b is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of the water collecting tank;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a collection rope net;
FIG. 12a is a schematic view of a chute;
FIG. 12b is a schematic diagram showing the matching relationship between the sliding slot and the reducing screw;
FIG. 13a is a schematic view of a locating pin ring;
FIG. 13b is a schematic view of a variation of the spring blade during threading of the rotary blade;
wherein: 1-tripod, 2-rainwater interception baffle, 201-upper baffle, 202-lower baffle, 3-rainwater grate, 4-conical air cavity, 5-fixed cross rod, 6-rope net fixed structure, 7-exhaust pipe, 8-water collecting tank, 9-rain and snow presence sensor, 10-micro mist detector, 11-temperature and humidity sensor, 12-aluminum telescopic rod, 13-vacuum pump, 14-automatic controller, 15-rainfall sensor, 16-sleeve, 17-locating pin ring, 18-rotary vane, 19-notch, 20-fixed groove, 21-spring pressing sheet, 22-rotary vane thickness a, 23-rotary vane thickness B, 24-door leaf, 25-limit rotating shaft, 26-door switch structure, 27-rope frame, 28-Teflon ropes, 29-bottom plates, 30-sample storage chambers, 31-first-stage mist water interception chambers, 32-second-stage mist water interception chambers, 33-third-stage mist water interception chambers, 34-screw holes, 35-fixing grooves, 36-long nylon rod through holes A, 37-long nylon rod through holes B, 38-collecting rope nets, 39-arc-shaped inserting pieces, 40-screws, 41-front thermocouples, 42-rear thermocouples, 43-cross bars, 44-flange rings, 45-horseshoe-shaped fixing tables, 46-L-shaped supports, 47-water pipe through holes, 48-fixing legs, 49-water collecting grooves reserved openings, 50-telescopic sleeves, 51-water collecting grooves water outlets, 52-sliding grooves, 5201-small threaded holes, 53-sliding sheets, 5301-large threaded holes, 54-reducing screws, 5401-small threaded parts and 5402-large threaded parts.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but not limited thereto, and the present invention is not fully described and is according to the conventional technology in the art.
Example 1:
a multi-stage cloud and mist water sampler provided with a weather detection system is shown in fig. 1-13b, and comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system;
the weather detection system comprises a miniature fog detector 10, a rain and snow sensor 9, a rainfall sensor 15, a temperature and humidity sensor 11 and an automatic controller 14, and is used for detecting weather conditions and recording weather parameters;
the sample collecting system comprises a shell (the shell is in a horizontal state after the sample collecting system is installed), the shell is composed of a sleeve 16 and a bottom plate 29 positioned at the bottom of the sleeve 16, the air inlet is used as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the shell from front to back, a multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multistage cloud mist water interception part and used for intercepting cloud mist air ball drops with different particle diameters, and the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with a vacuum pump 13 through an exhaust pipe 7;
A sample storage chamber 30 is arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud water interception part and is used for storing rainwater and liquid drops collected by the classification diameters;
the automatic controller 14 comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, wherein the miniature fog detector 10, the rain and snow sensor 9, the rainfall sensor 15 and the temperature and humidity sensor 11 are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller, data are stored in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump 13.
Example 2:
a multi-stage cloud and mist water sampler with a weather detection system is configured as in embodiment 1, wherein in this embodiment, the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber sequentially comprises a first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber 31, a second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber 32 and a third-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber 33 from front to back, rope net fixing structures 6 are fixed on the first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber 31, the second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber 32 and the third-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber 33, and collecting rope nets 38 are fixed inside the rope net fixing structures 6 and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle diameters;
it is worth noting that the multi-stage cloud mist water interception chamber is not limited to three stages, the chamber can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions, the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers are required to be arranged behind a rainwater interception part, and the rain drops in different movement processes of a cloud mist air cluster, the large-particle-diameter cloud drops in a sedimentation process, the medium-particle-diameter cloud drops in a collision process and the small-particle-diameter cloud drops in a cloud condensation process can be intercepted in sequence from large to small according to the particle size range; the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be independently split and combined according to actual needs, however, if the purpose of particle size collection is realized, the third-stage chambers must be arranged in sequence from the air inlet direction according to the rainwater interception parts, the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers, and the sequence cannot be disturbed, for example, if the purpose of respectively collecting the mixed sample of raindrops and large-particle and small-particle-size cloud mist drops in the initial condensation process of the cloud condensation nuclei is realized, the first-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be removed, and the original mist drops intercepted by the first-stage and second-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be intercepted and collected together by the second-stage cloud mist water interception chambers.
Correspondingly, different air extraction flow rates can be selected according to the number and the combination condition of the chambers, namely, the power gear of the vacuum pump is set so as to match the optimal collection efficiency:
under the condition that only the rainwater interception part and the first-stage cloud mist water interception cavity are arranged, the power of an air suction vacuum pump is between 280W and 420W, and rain drops (more than 100 mu m) and large-particle-size mist drops (40-100 mu m) are mainly collected; under the condition that only a rainwater interception part and a first-stage cloud mist water interception cavity and a second-stage cloud mist water interception cavity exist, the power of an air suction vacuum pump is 400W-600W, and rain drops, large-particle-size mist drops and small-particle-size mist drops (20-40 mu m) are mainly collected; under the condition that only a rainwater interception part and a secondary cloud mist water interception cavity are arranged, the power of an air suction vacuum pump is between 800W and 1000W, and a mixed sample of raindrops and cloud mist drops with large and small particle sizes is mainly collected; when the rainwater interception part and the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers exist, the power of the air suction vacuum pump is about 1500W, rain drops, large-particle-size mist drops, small-particle-size mist drops and extremely small-particle-size mist drops (2-20 mu m) are mainly collected, and the power of the vacuum pump is the most preferable based on the internal diameter of the multistage cloud mist water interception chambers being 15 cm.
The device provided by the invention realizes the classified collection of liquid drops in the cloud and mist air mass through a cloud and mist channel formed by multiple stages of chambers and a multi-gear vacuum pump.
The first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber 31, the second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber 32 and the third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber 33 are all cylindrical and are connected with each other, the rope net fixing structure 6 is of a square structure, and the rope net fixing structure and the cloud mist water interception chamber corresponding to the rope net fixing structure are integrally formed;
the shell of the invention is composed of the sleeve 16 and the bottom plate 29, the whole is of a cylindrical-like aluminum alloy structure, the air inlet area is enlarged under the condition of relatively unchanged volume, the machine body quality is reduced, the light and mechanical requirements are met, a multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity is arranged in the sleeve, a hollow double-layer structure is formed between the sleeve and the multi-stage mist-water intercepting cavity, the double-layer structure is convenient for the circuit routing to be distributed in the hollow double-layer interlayer when an electric appliance of a sample collecting system is electrically connected with an automatic controller, and the safety problem of field electricity utilization is solved;
as shown in fig. 8a and 8B, 3 rows of fixing grooves 35 are formed in the rope net fixing structure 6, a plurality of rows of fixing grooves 35 are communicated with the bottoms of the fixing grooves 35 and used for placing the collecting rope net from the bottoms of the fixing grooves 35, long nylon rod through holes A36 are formed in two side walls of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves, long nylon rod through holes B37 are formed in positions, corresponding to the long nylon Long Gan through holes A36 of the fixing grooves, on two side walls of the sleeve 16, of the collecting rope net, fixing holes are formed in two side edges of the collecting rope net, and the long nylon rods penetrate through the long nylon rod through holes B37, the long nylon rod through holes A36 and the fixing holes to fix the collecting rope net 38; the rope net fixing structure is preferably formed by integrally cutting nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, so that sample pollution caused by metal contact in the process of collision and collection of cloud and mist water samples is avoided;
The upper end of the collecting rope net is inclined towards the direction of the air inlet after being installed, and the included angle theta between the collecting rope net and the horizontal plane is 55 degrees.
Example 3:
the multistage cloud and mist water sampler equipped with the weather detection system is structured as described in embodiment 2, except that the collection rope net 38 comprises a rope frame 27 and teflon ropes 28, the teflon ropes 28 are fixed on the rope frame 27 at equal intervals, fixing holes are located on two sides of the rope frame, and the collection rope nets of the primary cloud and mist water interception chamber 31, the secondary cloud and mist water interception chamber 32 and the tertiary cloud and mist water interception chamber 33 are respectively composed of teflon ropes with different pitches and different diameters, specifically:
in the embodiment, the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud water interception chamber 31 is 11.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception chamber 32 is 0.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the three-stage cloud water interception chamber 33 is 0.18mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the size of the Teflon rope diameter is mainly based on the difference of capturing effect of the rope on liquid drops with different particle diameters in fluid mechanics, the different rope net diameters realize capturing of the liquid drops with different particle diameters under the same flow velocity, the rope spacing is the balance of capturing of the liquid drops and air flow obstruction, so that the high efficiency requirement in capturing of cloud and mist liquid drops is met, and the parameters of the diameter and the spacing of the collecting rope can be adjusted according to actual conditions according to the collection of the mist particle diameters;
After the rope net fixing structure is connected with the bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected with the sleeve again, then a plurality of collecting rope nets are sequentially and obliquely put into a plurality of rows of fixing grooves of the rope net fixing structure from reserved openings of a water collecting groove of the bottom plate, and then long nylon rods penetrate through long nylon rod through holes B, long nylon rod through holes A and fixing holes to fix the collecting rope nets.
The collecting device of the embodiment comprises a rainwater intercepting part, a first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, a second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and a third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, and the working process is as follows:
1. when the micro mist detector detects that the weather is non-mist, namely the visibility detected by the micro mist detector is more than 500m, and the humidity of the temperature and humidity sensor is less than 90%, the sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;
2. when the weather detected by the rain and snow sensor of the weather detection system is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow is larger than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state due to the larger rainfall/snow, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;
3. when weather detected by a rain and snow sensor of the weather detection system is rain/snow, and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow is less than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and mist mixing mode, and particle size collection is started:
The power of the vacuum pump is 1500W, at the moment, the concentration of aerosol cloud condensation is higher, the cloud condensation effect is rich, the spectrum peak of the fog drops moves forward, after the fog drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m enter a sampler, the rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 mu m are captured and collected through a rain water interception part for three times, when the fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m (large-particle-size fog drops) are collected after the fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m pass through a primary-stage fog water interception chamber, when the fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m (small-particle-size fog drops) pass through a secondary-stage fog water interception chamber, the fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 mu m (small-particle-size fog drops) are collected after the fog drops with the particle size of less than 2 mu m are not collected;
4. when detecting that weather is under the pure fog mode, namely miniature fog detector detects that the visibility is less than 500m, and temperature and humidity sensor humidity is greater than 90%, and whether the sensor detects that weather is rain-free/snow-free, vacuum pump power is 1500W, does not have rainwater interception part this moment, and its particle diameter collection process is:
after the cloud mist air mass enters the sampler, large-particle-size mist drops (40-100 mu m) are collected when passing through the first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, small-particle-size mist drops (40-100 mu m) are collected when passing through the second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, and small-particle-size mist drops (2-20 mu m) are collected when passing through the third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber.
Example 4:
a multistage cloud and mist water sampler provided with a weather detection system is structured as in embodiment 3, except that as shown in fig. 1, a rainwater interception baffle 2 and a rainwater grate 3 are arranged in a sleeve (i.e. a first section of sleeve) of a rainwater interception part, so as to play a role in intercepting rainwater, the rainwater interception baffle 2 comprises an upper baffle 201 positioned at the top of the sleeve 16 and a lower baffle 202 positioned on a bottom plate, and the rainwater grate 3 is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;
as shown in fig. 4a, the upper baffle 201 is V-shaped, the included angle between the inclined edge on the side close to the air inlet and the horizontal plane is α, α is 35 °, and under the condition of not affecting the air inlet efficiency, larger raindrops are captured once, the included angle between the inclined edge on the side far from the air inlet and the horizontal plane is β, and β is 55 °;
the lower baffle 202 is a unilateral inclined plate and inclines towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle 202 and the horizontal plane is gamma, the gamma is 50 degrees, and after cloud air clusters flow through the inclined edge of the upper baffle, which is close to the air inlet, due to the fact that the area of an air channel is reduced, air flow is accelerated, and raindrops are captured by the lower baffle for the second time due to larger inertia of the raindrops; after the cloud air mass flows through the unilateral inclined plate of the lower baffle, the air flow direction is changed, and the partially reflowed air mass passes through the inclined edge at the rear side of the upper baffle, so that the three-time capture of raindrops is realized under the condition of correcting the air flow direction;
The relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle plate (namely the point A in fig. 1) and the highest point of the lower baffle plate (namely the point B in fig. 1) in the vertical direction is 45% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the relative distance in the horizontal direction is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;
the rain grate 3 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, the rain grate 3 is obliquely arranged at an acute angle to the horizontal plane in the direction of the air inlet, the rain interception part intercepts rain drops by virtue of an upper baffle plate and a lower baffle plate, the flow guiding effect of a rope collecting net is lacked in the process of converging liquid drops from an air flow channel to a water collecting tank, the liquid drops are possibly lost due to secondary transverse displacement caused by high-speed air flow in the process of falling the rain drops to the water collecting tank, and a rain grate structure is arranged above the bottom plate of the first section of sleeve, so that the flow guiding effect in the process of falling the rain drops is achieved;
the traditional rainwater interception technology generally adopts a horizontal baffle plate arranged above an air inlet, so that only partial interception of high rainfall and large raindrops can be realized, and partial raindrops still can be sucked into a collecting channel along with air flow; however, cloud and fog events are often accompanied by rain events with low rainfall and small drops, the small drops are in front of the transverse suction surface of the air inlet, the horizontal baffle above the air inlet is basically ineffective, and the rainwater interception part of the invention realizes synchronous collection of the drops on the basis of solving the problem.
Example 5:
a multi-stage mist and water sampler with a weather detection system is constructed as in example 4, except that, as shown in fig. 4a-4c, the top of two sloping sides of the upper baffle 201 is arranged above the sleeve 16 in a penetrating manner, and is fixed by adopting an arc-shaped inserting piece 39 through screws;
the bottom of the lower baffle 202 is arranged below the bottom plate 29 in a penetrating way and is fixed by adopting an arc-shaped inserting piece 39 through a screw;
specifically, between the sleeve and the two hypotenuses of the upper baffle, and between the bottom plate and the lower baffle, all are connected through two arc inserted sheets, the front end and the rear end of each arc inserted sheet pass through the baffle, and are fixed at the bottom of the sleeve or the bottom plate through screws 40, and each arc inserted sheet is fixed corresponding to 2 screws 40.
The front thermocouple 41 is vertically arranged on the inclined edge of the upper baffle 201 near the air inlet from top to bottom, the rear thermocouple 42 is vertically arranged on the lower baffle 202 from bottom to top, and heating plates (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the upper baffle 201 and the lower baffle 202 and are used for heating supercooled mist to prevent condensation, and the front thermocouple 41, the rear thermocouple 42 and the heating plates are all connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller 14.
The front end thermocouple 41 and the back end thermocouple 42 control the power of hot plate through the front and back difference in temperature of perception cloud air ball, and the hot plate sets up in last baffle and lower baffle, and this heating method has realized the collection problem of supercooled cloud to solved traditional through in the hollow rope pipe built-in heater strip heating supercooled collection rope net size restriction problem that brings (in traditional collection rope net, to the general Teflon rope pipe that adopts hollow structure of large diameter, its interior hollow structure, save material can set up the heater strip in it), made up and collected the missing nature problem to the mist of small diameter cloud.
When the temperature difference between the front thermocouple 41 and the rear thermocouple 41 is lower than 2 ℃, the temperature difference signal is transmitted to the signal transmission processing module of the automatic weather detection system controller, the signal transmission processing module controls the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate to improve the heat power, when the temperature difference is higher than 10 ℃, the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate reduce the heat power, and when the temperature difference between the front thermocouple 41 and the rear thermocouple 41 is higher than 4 ℃, the heating plates are not opened.
Example 6:
a multistage cloud and mist water sampler provided with a weather detection system is structurally characterized in that the multistage cloud and mist water sampler is provided with an embodiment 5, and the sample collection system further comprises a tripod 1 (a telescopic sleeve 50 can be arranged on the tripod 1 to adjust the length of the tripod and is fixed through a fixing knob), a plurality of sections of cross rods 43 are fixedly arranged above the tripod 1, adjacent cross rods 43 are fixedly connected through flange rings 44, a horseshoe-shaped fixing table 45 with threads is arranged above each section of cross rod 43 and is used for fixing a bottom plate of a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud and mist water interception part, an L-shaped support 46 is arranged below each section of cross rod and is used for placing a sample storage chamber 30, and a water pipe through hole 47 is also formed in each cross rod 43 and is used for connecting a water pipe of a water collecting tank water outlet to pass through;
The bottom plate 29 is provided with a fixed foot 48, and the fixed foot 48 is fixedly connected with the horseshoe-shaped fixed table 45;
the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with an exhaust pipe 7 through a conical air cavity 4;
the weather detection system is fixed on the aluminum telescopic rod 12, a plurality of fixed cross rods 5 are distributed from top to bottom along the aluminum telescopic rod 12, a micro mist detector 10, a rainfall sensor 15, a rain and snow sensor 9, a temperature and humidity sensor 11, a vacuum pump 13 and an automatic controller 14 are arranged on the fixed cross rods 5, and when the weather detection system is arranged, the distance between the sample collection system and the weather detection system is within 1.5m because the vacuum pump 13 is positioned on the weather detection system, and the vacuum pump 13 can be fixed on one side of the sample collection system for the convenience of installation;
the installation direction of the weather detection system is the north-offset direction, the offset angle is less than or equal to 15 degrees, the direct sunlight is prevented from entering the miniature fog detector, and the data noise level in the receiver is reduced;
the installation height of the micro mist detector 10, the rainfall sensor 15 and the rain and snow presence sensor 9 relative to the ground is more than or equal to 2.5m, and a building with the height exceeding 5m cannot be arranged in the sight line range, and the installation height of the temperature and humidity sensor 11 relative to the ground is more than or equal to 1.5m.
The miniature fog detector 10 is of a model MiniOFS for detecting visibility, the rain and snow sensor 9 is of a model PHRS rain and snow sensor V3.0, the rain sensor 15 is of a model TY-YTYL piezoelectric rain sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor 11 is preferably of a model HMT120 temperature and humidity sensor, an automatic controller can select commercial products according to actual needs, a traditional cloud and fog sampler start-stop signal can only be used as a fog event judging signal through a single visibility or humidity parameter, erroneous acquisition of rainfall events is often caused, and the weather detection system in the invention realizes accurate judgment of weather conditions through triple condition settings of humidity, rainfall and visibility.
Example 7:
a multistage cloud and mist water sampler with a weather detection system is provided, the structure is as in embodiment 6, except that a sample storage chamber 30 is a constant temperature storage chamber, a sample can be stored at about 4 ℃ (constant temperature storage can be realized by adopting the prior art and is not repeated here), the constant temperature storage chamber is a black shell, a sample bottle is placed in the constant temperature storage chamber, direct sunlight of the sample can be avoided, a magnetic attraction structure is arranged at the bottom of the constant temperature storage chamber, a magnetic attraction sheet is arranged on an L-shaped support 46, the magnetic attraction sheet is matched with the magnetic attraction structure to be connected, a screw hole 34 is formed in one side of the L-shaped support 46, and the constant temperature storage chamber is fixed on the L-shaped support 46 through a screw;
A door is also provided on the side wall of the sample storage chamber 30 to facilitate the taking and placing of sample bottles.
Example 8:
a multi-stage cloud water sampler equipped with a weather detection system is disclosed in embodiment 7, except that a water collecting groove reservation opening 49 is arranged below a rainwater grate 3 and a collecting rope net 6 on a bottom plate 29, a water collecting groove 8 is arranged below the water collecting groove reservation opening 49, the water collecting groove 8 is of a rectangular internal inverted prismatic table structure, a water collecting groove water outlet 51 is arranged at the bottom of the water collecting groove, an opening is reserved at the upper part of a sample storage chamber 30, the opening is connected with the water collecting groove water outlet 51 through a water pipe, and the water pipe guides liquid at the water collecting groove water outlet into a sample bottle of the sample storage chamber;
the bottom of the bottom plate 29 is provided with sliding grooves 52 at two sides of a reserved opening 49 of the water collecting tank, sliding sheets 53 matched with the sliding grooves 52 are arranged at two sides of the water collecting tank, and the sliding sheets 53 and the water collecting tank are integrally formed;
as shown in fig. 12a and 12b, the sliding chute 52 is a laterally placed U-shaped groove, a small threaded hole 5201 is formed in the bottom of the sliding chute 52, a reducing screw 54 is arranged in the small threaded hole 5201, the reducing screw 54 comprises a small threaded portion 5401 and a large threaded portion 5402, the small threaded portion 5401 is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole 5201 of the sliding chute, a large threaded hole 5301 is formed in the sliding vane 53, and after the sliding vane 53 slides into the sliding chute 52, the large threaded portion 5402 of the reducing screw is in threaded fit with the large threaded hole 5301 of the sliding vane, and the small threaded portion 5401 is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole 5201 of the sliding chute 81.
When installing and collecting the rope net after installing the water-collecting tank, slide the gleitbretter and slide in the spout, the reducing screw is upwards screwed, its little screw thread part and the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, big screw thread part and the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter, screw up can, when dismantling, down spiral reducing screw, its big screw thread part breaks away from with the big screw hole of gleitbretter, realize demolising, but the little screw thread part of reducing screw is with the little screw hole cooperation of spout all the time, realized dismantling conveniently and the screw is difficult to lose, and after demolishing the water-collecting tank, also conveniently follow the water-collecting tank reservation mouth and take off and collect the rope net, wash or replace.
Example 9:
the structure of the multi-stage cloud and mist water sampler provided with the weather detection system is as in the embodiment 8, except that a primary cloud and mist water interception chamber 31, a secondary cloud and mist water interception chamber 32 and a tertiary cloud and mist water interception chamber 33 are detachably connected, the rear ends of the primary cloud and mist water interception chamber and the rear end of the secondary cloud and mist water interception chamber are respectively provided with a positioning pin ring 17, the inner diameter of the positioning pin ring 17 is the same as the inner diameter of the cloud and mist interception chamber, the outer diameter of the positioning pin ring is larger than the outer diameter of the cloud and mist interception chamber, and the front ends of the secondary cloud and mist water interception chamber and the tertiary cloud and mist water interception chamber are respectively provided with a rotary vane 18 matched with the positioning pin ring;
13a, three notches 19 are uniformly formed in the positioning pin ring 17 along the axial direction of the positioning pin ring, the number of the rotary blades 18 is three, the three notches 19 are uniformly distributed on the peripheries of the front ends of the secondary cloud mist water interception cavity and the tertiary cloud mist water interception cavity, the size of each notch 19 is matched with that of each rotary blade 18, a fixing groove 20 for accommodating the rotary blade is formed in the right side of each notch 19, the size of each fixing groove 20 is larger than that of each rotary blade 18, the thickness of each rotary blade 80 is thinned from left to right, a spring pressing piece 21 is arranged in each fixing groove 20, and after the rotary blade 18 is screwed into the fixing groove 20 clockwise, the spring pressing piece 21 is pressed against the rotary blade 18 to fix the rotary blade.
During installation, firstly, three rotary blades 18 are placed at three notches 19, then the rotary blades are rotated clockwise, the rotary blades 18 gradually move into fixing grooves 20 at the notches, and because the thickness of the rotary blades 18 is different, the rotary blades are pressed more and tighter against the spring pressing sheets in the rotating process, such as the thickness a 22 of the rotary blades of 13b, after the rotary blades completely enter the fixing grooves 20, the compression degree of the spring pressing sheets is maximum, such as the thickness b 23 of the illustrated rotary blades realizes the fixing of the rotary blades, and when the rotary blades are detached, the rotary blades are slightly extruded forwards, and the rotary blades are rotated anticlockwise, so that the rotary blades can be rotated out of the fixing grooves, and the detachable connection is realized.
Example 10:
the structure of the multi-stage cloud and fog water sampler provided with a weather detection system is as described in embodiment 9, except that, as shown in fig. 6, a door leaf 24 is arranged at the front end of a shell, a limit rotating shaft 25 is arranged between the door leaf 24 and a bottom plate 29, a door switch structure 26 capable of being sprung and buckled is arranged on the door leaf 24 and the shell, the door switch structure 26 can be connected with a signal transmission processing module of an automatic controller, the signal transmission processing module can send a signal to enable the door switch structure to be sprung or buckled automatically, after the door leaf is opened, the lower end of the door leaf is connected with the lower part of a first section of a multi-section sleeve through the rotating shaft, and a vacuum pump can start working after the door is opened for a certain time;
the sleeve is multisection, cup joints each other between the multisection sleeve, and wherein, at first section sleeve is rainwater interception part's sleeve and bottom plate fixed mutually throughout, when the installation, at first select the number of required sleeve according to needs, then pull out behind the sleeve of corresponding number of sections, cloud fog water interception cavity is connected with the bottom plate after accomplishing, the bottom plate passes through the bolt fixed connection of both sides with the sleeve again.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The multistage cloud and fog water collecting device is characterized by comprising a weather detection system and a sample collecting system;
the weather detection system comprises a miniature fog detector, a rain and snow sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic controller;
the sample collection system comprises a shell, wherein the shell consists of a sleeve and a bottom plate positioned at the bottom of the sleeve, the position of an air inlet is taken as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multistage cloud mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the shell from front to back, a multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multistage cloud mist water interception part and is used for intercepting cloud mist air ball drops with different particle diameters, and the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with a vacuum pump through an exhaust pipe;
a sample storage room is arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud mist water interception part and is used for storing rainwater and liquid drops collected in a particle size distribution way;
the automatic controller comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, wherein the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller and store data in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump;
The multi-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity sequentially comprises a first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, a second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and a third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity from front to back, rope net fixing structures are fixed on the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, and collecting rope nets are fixed in the rope net fixing structures and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle diameters;
the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity are all cylindrical and are connected with each other, the rope net fixing structure is of a square structure, and the rope net fixing structure is fixedly connected with the cloud mist water intercepting cavity corresponding to the rope net fixing structure;
the rope net fixing structure is internally provided with a plurality of rows of fixing grooves, the bottoms of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves are communicated with the bottoms of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves and used for placing the collecting rope net from the bottoms of the fixing grooves, two side walls of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves are respectively provided with a long nylon rod through hole A, two side walls of the sleeve are respectively provided with a long nylon rod through hole B corresponding to the long nylon rod through holes A of the fixing grooves, two side edges of the collecting rope net are respectively provided with a fixing hole, and the long nylon rods penetrate through the long nylon rod through holes B, the long nylon rod through holes A and the fixing holes to fix the collecting rope net;
The upper end of the collecting rope net is inclined towards the direction of the air inlet after being installed, and the included angle between the collecting rope net and the horizontal plane is theta, wherein the theta is 50-60 degrees;
the collecting rope net comprises a rope frame and Teflon ropes, the Teflon ropes are fixed on the rope frame at equal intervals, the fixing holes are formed in two sides of the rope frame, and the collecting rope net of the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water intercepting cavity is respectively composed of the Teflon ropes with different intervals and different diameters, and is specific:
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud water interception cavity is 8-15mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception cavity is 0.45-1.2mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
the diameter of the Teflon ropes of the collecting rope net in the three-stage cloud mist water interception cavity is 0.1-0.2mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon ropes;
a rainwater interception baffle and a rainwater grate are arranged in the sleeve of the rainwater interception part, the rainwater interception baffle comprises an upper baffle positioned at the top of the sleeve and a lower baffle positioned on the bottom plate, and the rainwater grate is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;
The upper baffle is V-shaped, the included angle between the inclined edge of one side close to the air inlet and the horizontal plane is alpha, the included angle between the inclined edge of one side far away from the air inlet and the horizontal plane is beta, and the included angle between the inclined edge of one side far away from the air inlet and the horizontal plane is 55-65 degrees;
the lower baffle is inclined towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle and the horizontal plane is gamma, and the gamma is 45-55 degrees;
the relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle plate and the highest point of the lower baffle plate in the vertical direction is 40-50% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the relative distance in the horizontal direction is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;
the rainwater grate is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, and is obliquely arranged at an acute angle to the horizontal plane towards the direction of the air inlet.
2. The multi-stage cloud water collection device with the weather detection system according to claim 1, wherein the tops of two sloping sides of the upper baffle are arranged above the sleeve in a penetrating way and are fixed by arc-shaped inserting screws;
the bottom of the lower baffle plate is arranged below the bottom plate in a penetrating way and is fixed by adopting arc inserting screws;
the front-end thermocouple is vertically arranged on the inclined edge of one side of the upper baffle, which is close to the air inlet, the rear-end thermocouple is vertically arranged on the lower baffle from bottom to top, heating plates are arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle and used for heating supercooled cloud mist to prevent condensation, and the front-end thermocouple, the rear-end thermocouple and the heating plates are all connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller.
3. The multi-stage cloud water collection device with the weather detection system according to claim 2, wherein the sample collection system further comprises a tripod, a plurality of sections of cross bars are fixedly arranged above the tripod, adjacent cross bars are fixedly connected through flange rings, a threaded horseshoe-shaped fixing table is arranged above each section of cross bars and used for fixing a rainwater interception part and a bottom plate of the multi-stage cloud water interception part, and an L-shaped support is arranged below each section of cross bars and used for placing a sample storage room;
the bottom plate is provided with fixing feet which are fixedly connected with the horseshoe-shaped fixing table;
the rear end of the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with an exhaust pipe through a conical air cavity;
the weather detection system is fixed on the aluminum telescopic rod, a plurality of fixed cross bars are distributed along the aluminum telescopic rod from top to bottom, the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor, the rain and snow sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, the vacuum pump and the automatic controller are arranged on the fixed cross bars, and the distance between the sample collection system and the weather detection system is within 1.5m during installation;
the installation direction of the weather detection system is the north-offset direction, and the offset angle is less than or equal to 15 degrees;
The installation height of the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor and the rain and snow sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 2.5m, and the installation height of the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground is more than or equal to 1.5m.
4. The multi-stage cloud water collection device provided with the weather detection system according to claim 3, wherein the sample storage chamber is a constant temperature storage chamber, the constant temperature storage chamber is a black shell, the constant temperature storage chamber is used for placing a sample bottle, a magnetic attraction structure is arranged at the bottom of the constant temperature storage chamber, a magnetic attraction sheet is arranged on the L-shaped support, the magnetic attraction sheet is matched with the magnetic attraction structure to complete connection, a screw hole is formed in one side of the L-shaped support, and the constant temperature storage chamber is fixed on the L-shaped support through screws;
and a door is further arranged on the side wall of the sample storage chamber.
5. The multi-stage cloud water collecting device provided with the weather detection system according to claim 4, wherein a water collecting groove reserved opening is arranged below the rainwater grate and the collecting rope net on the bottom plate, a water collecting groove is arranged below the water collecting groove reserved opening, the water collecting groove is of a rectangular internal inverted prismatic table structure, a water collecting groove water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the water collecting groove, an opening is reserved at the upper part of the sample storage room, and the opening is connected with the water collecting groove water outlet through a water pipe;
The bottom of the bottom plate is provided with sliding grooves on two sides of a reserved opening of the water collecting tank, sliding sheets matched with the sliding grooves are arranged on two sides of the water collecting tank, and the sliding sheets and the water collecting tank are integrally formed;
the sliding chute is a laterally-placed U-shaped groove, a small threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the sliding chute, a reducing screw is arranged in the small threaded hole and comprises a small threaded portion and a large threaded portion, the small threaded portion is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole of the sliding chute, a large threaded hole is formed in the sliding vane, and after the sliding vane slides into the sliding chute, the large threaded portion of the reducing screw is in threaded fit with the large threaded hole of the sliding vane.
6. The multistage cloud water collecting device provided with the weather detection system according to claim 5, wherein the first-stage cloud water intercepting chamber, the second-stage cloud water intercepting chamber and the third-stage cloud water intercepting chamber are detachably connected, the rear ends of the first-stage cloud water intercepting chamber and the second-stage cloud water intercepting chamber are respectively provided with a positioning pin ring, the inner diameter of each positioning pin ring is the same as the inner diameter of the cloud intercepting chamber, the outer diameter of each positioning pin ring is larger than the outer diameter of the cloud intercepting chamber, and the front ends of the second-stage cloud water intercepting chamber and the third-stage cloud water intercepting chamber are respectively provided with a rotary vane matched with the positioning pin ring;
The utility model discloses a rotary vane fixing device, including locating pin ring, rotary vane, spring pressing piece, rotary vane, back, spring pressing piece, rotary vane, fixed slot and spring pressing piece, the locating pin ring is last to evenly have three breach respectively along its axial, rotary vane quantity is three, evenly distributed holds cavity and tertiary cloud fog water and holds cavity front end periphery in second grade fog water, and the breach size suits with the rotary vane size, and each breach right side all is provided with a fixed slot that is used for holding the rotary vane, the size of fixed slot is greater than the rotary vane size, and every rotary vane thickness is by thick from left to right, the fixed slot is inside to be provided with a spring pressing piece, after the rotary vane clockwise screw in fixed slot, the spring pressing piece is pressed and is supported the fixed of rotary vane realization rotary vane.
7. The multistage cloud water collecting device provided with the weather detection system according to claim 1, wherein a door leaf is arranged at the front end of the shell, a limiting rotating shaft is arranged between the door leaf and the bottom plate, and a door switch structure capable of being sprung and buckled is arranged on the door leaf and the shell;
the sleeve is multi-section, and the multi-section sleeves are mutually sleeved.
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| CN202111432602.0A CN115480321B (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 | Multistage cloud and fog water collecting device equipped with weather detection system |
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| US4732037A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1988-03-22 | California Institute Of Technology | Automated rainwater collector |
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2021
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| US4732037A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1988-03-22 | California Institute Of Technology | Automated rainwater collector |
| CN103913350A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-07-09 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | Intelligent active mist drop sampling device |
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