CN115479808A

CN115479808A - Particle size grading acquisition method of multi-stage cloud and mist water collector

Info

Publication number: CN115479808A
Application number: CN202111434835.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜萍; 王艳; 李涛; 聂晓玲; 甄洁博
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2021-11-29
Filing date: 2021-11-29
Publication date: 2022-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-29
Also published as: CN115479808B

Abstract

The invention relates to a particle size acquisition method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, which belongs to the technical field of environmental detection and comprises the following steps: installing a sample collecting system and a weather detecting system of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector on the site; the weather detection system detects the weather condition by simultaneously working the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor; according to the detected weather condition, the sample collection system is automatically started or closed, and the automatic controller receives a signal of the weather detection system and controls the rainwater interception part and the multistage cloud mist water interception part to work so as to realize particle size separation collection; storing the samples collected according to the particle sizes in a sample storage chamber; after the collection is finished, the collection bottle in the sample storage chamber is taken away and replaced with a new collection bottle. The invention solves the problem of rain and snow mixed in cloud and fog weather in the traditional outfield sampling through the weather detection system, and realizes the particle size-based collection of cloud and fog water samples through multi-stage rainwater and cloud and fog water interception parts.

Description

Particle size grading acquisition method of multi-stage cloud and mist water collector

Technical Field

The invention relates to a particle size collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, and belongs to the technical field of environmental detection.

Background

Cloud observation begins from cloud micro-physical research of meteorology in the 50 th century of the 20 th century, and meteorologists pass through a cloud layer in a short time through an onboard cloud sampler to obtain a small amount of cloud water samples in a short time and obtain data such as liquid drop particle size, liquid water content, cloud drop spectrum distribution and the like; later, with the aggravation of global pollution activities such as acid rain, haze and the like, atmospheric environment researchers start to carry a cloud and mist water sampler of a foundation to observe the cloud and mist water pollution process for a long period.

The foundation type cloud and mist water sampler is divided into a passive sampler and an active sampler, and the main difference between the active sampler and the passive sampler is that a fan power device is added on the basis of the passive sampler to improve the air inflow in unit time and further improve the collection efficiency of the sampler.

The movement of the liquid drops in the cloud and mist air mass is mainly divided into three processes of coagulation, collision and sedimentation according to time sequence. The new cloud mist water cluster starts from the water absorption and generation activity of a cloud condensation nucleus, in the condensation process, the particle size of liquid drops is distributed in the range of 2-20 mu m, and the concentration of a pollutant contribution source is in direct proportion to the diameter of the liquid drops; the small droplets collide with each other to generate droplets with large particle size, and the concentration of the pollutant contribution source is in inverse proportion to the diameter of the droplets; after the droplet size continues to increase through the process of movement to produce sediment, the concentration of the contaminant source loses significant correlation with the droplet diameter. In addition, in a long-time cloud and mist event, the three liquid drop motion processes are often performed simultaneously, but the existing cloud and mist water sampler cannot realize the separate collection of the three motion processes of the cloud and mist liquid drops.

All aerosol particles forming droplets are not uniform in size or composition and can be activated in different motion processes and conditions, and in order to research different pollution processes in cloud and mist droplet motion, it is necessary to develop a method for collecting rainwater and cloud and mist moisture particle sizes.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a particle size grading collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, which is applied to field monitoring, solves the problem that rain and snow are mixed in cloud and mist weather in traditional field sampling through a weather detection system, and realizes the particle size grading collection of cloud and mist water samples through multi-stage rainwater and a cloud and mist water interception part.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a particle size grading acquisition method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector comprises the following steps:

(1) The method comprises the following steps of installing a sample collecting system and a weather detecting system of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector on site, wherein the installation direction of the weather detecting system is that the north hemisphere is deviated from the north, the south hemisphere is deviated from the south, and the deviation angle is less than or equal to 15 degrees, so that the direct sunlight is prevented from entering a miniature mist detector, the data noise level in a receiver is reduced, and the sample collecting system and the weather detecting system are electrically and signal connected;

the multi-stage cloud and fog water collector comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system, wherein the weather detection system comprises a micro fog detector, a rain and snow sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic controller, the model of the micro fog detector is preferably MiniOFS and is used for detecting visibility, the model of the rain and snow sensor is preferably PHRS rain and snow sensor V3.0, the model of the TY rainfall sensor is preferably-YDYL piezoelectric rainfall sensor, the model of the temperature and humidity sensor is preferably HMT120 temperature and humidity sensor, the starting and stopping signals of the traditional cloud and fog sampler can only be used as fog event distinguishing signals through single visibility or humidity parameters, and the mistaken collection of rainfall events can be caused frequently;

the sample collecting system comprises a shell, the shell consists of a sleeve and a bottom plate positioned at the bottom of the sleeve, the position of an air inlet is taken as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multi-stage cloud mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the shell from front to back, a multi-stage cloud mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multi-stage cloud mist water interception part and used for intercepting cloud mist air mass liquid drops with different particle sizes, and the rear end of the multi-stage cloud mist water interception chamber is connected with a vacuum pump through an air exhaust pipe; sample storage chambers are arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multi-stage cloud mist water interception part and are used for storing rainwater and liquid drops collected according to particle sizes;

the automatic controller comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller, data are stored in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump;

(2) After the multi-stage cloud and fog water collector is installed, the weather detection system detects the weather condition by simultaneously working the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor;

(3) According to the detected weather condition, the sample collection system is automatically started or closed, the automatic controller receives a signal of the weather detection system and controls the power of the vacuum pump, and the rainwater interception part and the multi-stage cloud fog interception part work to realize particle size separation collection;

(4) Storing the samples collected according to the particle sizes in a sample storage chamber;

(5) And after the collection is finished, taking away the collection bottle in the sample storage chamber, and replacing with a new collection bottle.

Preferably, the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber in the step (3) comprises a first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, a second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber and a third-stage cloud mist water interception chamber, rope net fixing structures are fixed on the multistage cloud mist water interception chamber, collecting rope nets are fixed inside the rope net fixing structures and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle sizes, and the collecting rope nets of the different cloud mist water interception chambers are different;

collect the rope net and include rope frame and teflon rope, on the equidistant rope frame that is fixed in of teflon rope, cavity, second grade cloud fog water are held back to one-level cloud fog water and the collection rope net that cavity and tertiary cloud fog water were held back to cavity comprises the teflon rope of different intervals, different diameters respectively, specific:

the diameter of a Teflon rope of a collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud mist water intercepting chamber is 8-15mm, preferably 11.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon rope;

the diameter of a Teflon rope of a collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception chamber is 0.45-1.2mm, preferably 0.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon rope;

the diameter of the Teflon rope of the collecting rope net in the three-stage cloud water interception chamber is 0.1-0.2mm, preferably 0.18mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon rope.

The diameter of the Teflon rope is mainly based on the difference of the capture effect of the rope on liquid drops with different particle diameters in fluid mechanics, the capture of the liquid drops with different particle diameters is realized under the same flow speed by different rope net diameters, the rope spacing is the balance of the liquid drop capture and air flow obstruction so as to meet the high efficiency requirement in cloud and mist liquid drop capture, and the parameters of the diameter of the collection rope and the rope spacing can be adjusted according to actual conditions according to the interval collection of the particle diameters of the mist liquid drops;

in the invention, the first-stage cloud mist water interception cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water interception cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water interception cavity are all cylindrical and are mutually connected, the rope net fixing structure is a square structure, and the rope net fixing structure is fixedly connected (welded or integrally formed) with the corresponding cloud mist water interception cavity;

the shell of the invention is composed of a sleeve and a bottom plate, the whole body is of a cylinder-like aluminum alloy structure, the air inlet area is enlarged under the condition of relatively unchanged volume, the machine body quality is reduced, and the lightweight and mechanical requirements are met;

a plurality of rows of fixing grooves (preferably 3 rows) are formed in the rope net fixing structure, the lower portions of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves are communicated with the bottom of the fixing grooves and used for placing a collected rope net from the bottom of the fixing grooves, long nylon rod through holes A are formed in two side walls of the plurality of rows of fixing grooves, long nylon rod through holes B are formed in the positions, corresponding to the long nylon rod through holes A of the fixing grooves, of the two side walls of the sleeve, fixing holes are formed in two side edges of the collected rope net, and the long nylon rods penetrate through the long nylon rod through holes B, the long nylon rod through holes A and the fixing holes to fix the collected rope net; the rope net fixing structure is preferably formed by integrally cutting nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, so that sample pollution caused by metal contact in the process of collision and collection of the cloud and mist water sample is avoided;

further preferably, the upper end of the collecting rope net is inclined towards the air inlet after being installed, and the included angle between the collecting rope net and the horizontal plane is theta, and theta is preferably 50-60 degrees.

According to the invention, after the rope net fixing structure is connected with the bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected with the sleeve, then a plurality of collecting rope nets are sequentially and obliquely placed into a plurality of rows of fixing grooves of the rope net fixing structure from reserved openings of water collecting grooves of the bottom plate, and then long nylon rods penetrate through long nylon rod through holes B, long nylon rod through holes A and the fixing holes to fix the collecting rope nets.

Preferably, in the step (3), when it is detected that the weather is non-fog days, that is, the visibility detected by the micro fog detector is greater than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor is less than 90%, the sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

when the rain/snow sensor of the weather detection system detects that the weather is rain/snow and the rainfall/snow amount sensed by the rainfall sensor is more than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state due to the large rainfall/snow amount, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

when the weather sensor of the weather detection system detects whether the weather is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow amount is less than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixing mode for particle size collection;

when the weather is detected to be pure fog, namely the visibility detected by the miniature fog detector is smaller than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor is larger than 90%, and the weather detected by the rain and snow sensor is rain-free or snow-free, the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode for carrying out particle size collection.

The multistage cloud mist water interception chamber can be flexibly combined to increase and decrease the chambers according to actual conditions, the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage Yun Wushui interception chambers are required to be installed behind a rainwater interception part, and raindrops in different motion processes of cloud mist air masses, large-particle-size cloud droplets in a sedimentation process, medium-particle-size Yun Wudi in a collision process and small-particle-size cloud mist droplets in an initial condensation process of cloud condensation nuclei can be intercepted from large to small according to particle size ranges; the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage cloud mist water interception chambers can be independently split and combined according to actual needs, however, if the collection in the particle size is to be realized, the third-stage chambers must be arranged in the direction of the air inlet according to the sequence of the rainwater interception parts, the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage Yun Wushui interception chambers, and the sequence cannot be disordered, for example, if the mixed sample of raindrops and large and small-particle-size cloud mist drops in the initial condensation process of cloud condensation nuclei is to be collected respectively, the first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber can be removed, and the original fog drops intercepted by the second-stage Yun Wushui interception chamber can be intercepted and collected by the second-stage cloud mist water interception chamber together.

Preferably, the multistage cloud and mist water interception chambers selected according to actual needs are different in number and combination, different in particle size collection process, and when the inner diameter of the multistage cloud and mist water interception chambers is 15cm, the specific process is as follows:

A. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part and a first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber from front to back (namely, the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber is only provided with the first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber):

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 280-420W, the fog drops are fully collided and condensed at the later stage of a long-time continuous fog event, large liquid drops are in cloud and fog clusters, the rain drops with the particle size of more than 100 micrometers are captured and collected by three times of a rainwater interception part after entering the sampler, the cloud and fog clusters pass through a first-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, the fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 micrometers are collected, and the fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 micrometers are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, rainwater interception is not needed, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected when cloud and fog air mass passes through the primary cloud and fog water interception chamber, and most of the fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 mu m are not collected;

B. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity and a second-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity from front to back (namely the multistage cloud and mist water interception cavity only comprises the first-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity and the second-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity):

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 400-600W, the visibility of the humidity is extremely low, the fog drop spectrum peak moves backwards, large liquid drops and small liquid drops are mostly in cloud and fog clusters, after the cloud and fog clusters enter the sampler, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 mu m are captured and collected through the three times of the rainwater interception part, the cloud and fog clusters pass through the first-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, the cloud and fog clusters pass through the second-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size smaller than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, rainwater interception is not needed, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected when cloud and fog clusters pass through the primary cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected when the cloud and fog clusters pass through the secondary cloud and fog water interception chamber, and most of the fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

C. when the shell sequentially comprises the rainwater interception part and the secondary cloud and mist water interception chamber from front to back (namely the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber is only provided with the secondary cloud and mist water interception chamber):

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 800-1000W, the cloud drop spectrum peak does not obviously shift, rain and fog air masses enter the sampler, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 mu m are captured and collected through the rain water interception part for three times, in a fog event without obvious cloud drop spectrum peak shift, the cloud and fog air masses pass through the secondary cloud and fog water interception chamber, the fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected, and the fog drops with the particle size smaller than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, rainwater interception is not needed, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

D. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber, a second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber and a third-stage Yun Wushui interception chamber from front to back (namely the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber comprises the first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber, the second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber and the third-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber):

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 1500W, the concentration of condensation nuclei of aerosol cloud is high, the condensation effect of the cloud is rich, the peak of a fog droplet spectrum moves forwards, rain droplets with the particle size larger than 100 micrometers are captured and collected by three times of a rain water interception part after cloud and fog air mass enters a sampler, the fog droplets with the particle size of 40-100 micrometers (large-particle-size fog droplets) are collected when the cloud and fog air mass passes through a first-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, the fog droplets with the particle size of 20-40 micrometers (small-particle-size fog droplets) are collected when the cloud and fog air mass passes through a second-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, the fog droplets with the particle size of 2-20 micrometers (small-particle-size fog droplets) are collected when the cloud and fog water interception chamber passes through a third-stage cloud and the fog droplets with the particle size smaller than 2 micrometers are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, rainwater interception is not needed, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected when cloud fog air mass passes through the first-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected when the cloud fog air mass passes through the second-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 mu m are collected when the cloud fog air mass passes through the third-stage cloud fog water interception chamber, and finally, fog drops with the particle size smaller than 2 mu m are not collected.

Preferably, a rainwater intercepting baffle and a rainwater grate are arranged in a sleeve (namely a first section of sleeve) of the rainwater intercepting part to play a role in intercepting rainwater, the rainwater intercepting baffle comprises an upper baffle positioned at the top of the sleeve and a lower baffle positioned on a bottom plate, and the rainwater grate is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;

the upper baffle is V-shaped, the included angle between the bevel edge of one side of the upper baffle, which is close to the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is 25-35 degrees, larger raindrops are captured for one time under the condition that the air inlet efficiency is not influenced, the included angle between the bevel edge of one side, which is far away from the air inlet, and the horizontal plane is beta, and beta is 55-65 degrees;

the lower baffle is a single-side inclined plate and inclines towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle and the horizontal plane is gamma, the gamma is 45-55 degrees, after the cloud and mist air mass flows through the inclined edge of the upper baffle close to one side of the air inlet, the air flow is accelerated due to the fact that the area of the air duct is reduced, and raindrops are captured by the lower baffle for the second time due to large inertia of the raindrops; after the cloud and mist air mass flows through the single-side inclined plate of the lower baffle, the direction of the air flow is changed, and the part of the reflowing air mass passes through the rear side inclined edge of the upper baffle, so that the raindrops are captured for three times under the condition of correcting the direction of the air flow;

the vertical relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle and the highest point of the lower baffle is 40-50% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the horizontal relative distance is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;

the rainwater grate is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastics, the rainwater grate is obliquely arranged at an acute angle with the horizontal plane in the direction of the air inlet, rainwater interception parts intercept rainwater drops by virtue of upper and lower baffles, the diversion effect of a collecting rope net is lacked in the process that the rainwater drops converge to a water collecting tank from an airflow channel, secondary transverse displacement is possibly caused by high-speed airflow in the process that the rainwater drops drop to the water collecting tank, so that the loss of the rainwater drops is caused, and the rainwater grate structure is arranged above the bottom plate of the first sleeve to play a diversion effect in the rainwater drop dropping process;

in the traditional rainwater interception technology, a horizontal baffle is generally arranged above an air inlet, so that only partial interception of high rainfall and heavy raindrops can be realized, and partial raindrops can be sucked into a collection channel along with airflow; however, the cloud and fog event is often accompanied by a rain event with low rainfall and small drops, the small drops are in front of the transverse suction surface of the air inlet, the horizontal baffle above the air inlet is basically ineffective, and the rain water interception part of the invention also realizes the synchronous collection of the rain drops on the basis of solving the problem.

The tops of two bevel edges of the upper baffle plate penetrate through the upper part of the sleeve and are fixed by arc-shaped inserting piece screws;

the bottom of the lower baffle plate penetrates through the lower part of the bottom plate and is fixed by arc-shaped inserting piece screws;

specifically, between two hypotenuses of sleeve and overhead gage to and between bottom plate and the lower baffle, all be connected through two arc inserted sheets, the baffle is passed to each arc inserted sheet front and back end, and passes through the screw fixation in sleeve bottom or bottom plate bottom.

The upper baffle is provided with a heating plate for heating the super-cooled cloud mist to prevent condensation, and the front thermocouple, the rear thermocouple and the heating plate are connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller;

the front-end thermocouple and the rear-end thermocouple control the power of the heating plate by sensing the front-back temperature difference of cloud mist air mass, the heating plate is arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle, the problem of collecting supercooled cloud is realized by the heating mode, and the problem of size limitation of a collecting rope net caused by heating and supercooling by arranging a heating wire in a hollow rope pipe in the prior art is solved (in the traditional collecting rope net, a hollow-structure Teflon rope pipe is generally adopted for a Teflon rope with a large diameter, the hollow structure is arranged in the hollow-structure, materials are saved, the heating wire can be arranged in the hollow-structure, and the problem of small-particle-diameter cloud mist drop collection loss is solved;

when front end thermocouple response cloud air mass temperature is less than 4 ℃, temperature signal transmits the signal transmission processing module of weather detection system automatic control, signal transmission processing module signals, control overhead gage and baffle built-in hot plate work down, when the temperature difference of rear end thermocouple and front end thermocouple is less than 2 ℃, temperature difference signal transmits the signal transmission processing module of weather detection system automatic control, signal transmission processing module control overhead gage and baffle built-in hot plate improvement thermal power down, when the difference in temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the overhead gage reduces the thermal power with baffle built-in hot plate down, when front end thermocouple temperature is higher than 4 ℃, the hot plate does not open.

Preferably, in the step (4), the collected sample is collected to a sample storage chamber through a water collecting tank, the sample storage chamber is a constant temperature storage chamber, the sample can be stored at about 4 ℃ (constant temperature storage can be realized by adopting the prior art and is not described herein), the constant temperature storage chamber is a black outer shell, a sample bottle can be placed in the constant temperature storage chamber, direct irradiation of sunlight of the sample can be avoided, a magnetic attraction structure is arranged at the bottom of the constant temperature storage chamber, a magnetic attraction sheet is arranged on the L-shaped support, the magnetic attraction sheet is matched with the magnetic attraction structure to complete connection, a screw hole is arranged on one side of the L-shaped support, and the constant temperature storage chamber is fixed on the L-shaped support through a screw;

the side wall of the sample storage chamber is also provided with a door, so that the sample bottle can be conveniently taken and placed.

A catchment groove reserved opening is formed in the bottom plate below the rainwater grate and the collecting rope net, the catchment groove is arranged below the catchment groove reserved opening and is of a cuboid internally-tangent inverted-prismatic table structure, a catchment groove water outlet is formed in the bottom of the catchment groove, an opening is reserved in the upper portion of the sample storage chamber and is connected with the catchment groove water outlet through a water pipe, and liquid at the catchment groove water outlet is guided into a sample bottle of the sample storage chamber through the water pipe;

the bottom plate bottom all is provided with the spout in catchment groove reservation mouth both sides, catchment groove both sides all are provided with the gleitbretter with spout matched with, gleitbretter and catchment groove integrated into one piece.

Preferably, the spout is the U type groove of putting on one's side, the spout bottom is provided with little screw hole, be provided with the reducing screw in the little screw hole, the reducing screw includes little screw thread part and big screw thread part, and little screw thread part is with the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, be provided with big screw hole on the gleitbretter, after the gleitbretter slides in the spout, the big screw thread part of reducing screw and the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter.

Install the catchment groove after installing collection fag end, slide the gleitbretter in the spout, reducing screw up, the little screw thread part of its and the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, the big screw thread part is with the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter, screw up can, when dismantling, down revolve reducing screw, the big screw thread part of its and the big screw hole of gleitbretter break away from, realize demolising, but the little screw thread part of reducing screw cooperates with the little screw hole of spout all the time, realized that it is convenient and the screw is difficult to lose to dismantle, and, after demolising the catchment groove, also conveniently take off from catchment groove reservation mouth and collect the fag end, wash or replace.

Preferably, the front end of the shell is provided with a door leaf, a limiting rotating shaft is arranged between the door leaf and the bottom plate, a door switch structure capable of being opened and closed is arranged on the door leaf and the shell, the door switch structure and a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller send signals when the sample collecting system starts to work, the door switch structure is automatically opened in a bouncing mode, the door leaf is opened by means of the limiting rotating shaft at the moment, and after the door leaf is opened for a certain time, the vacuum air pump starts to work.

Preferably, the sample collection system is preferably within 1.5m of the weather detection system when installed in step (1).

Preferably, the installation heights of the micro fog detector, the rainfall sensor and the rain and snow sensor relative to the ground are more than or equal to 2.5m, and the installation heights of the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground are more than or equal to 1.5m.

The sample collection system also comprises a tripod, wherein a plurality of sections of cross rods are fixed above the tripod, adjacent cross rods are fixedly connected through flange rings, a horseshoe-shaped fixing table with threads is arranged above each section of cross rod and used for fixing a rainwater interception part and a bottom plate of a multistage cloud and fog water interception part, an L-shaped support is arranged below each section of cross rod and used for placing a sample storage chamber, and a water pipe through hole is formed in each cross rod and used for connecting a water pipe of a water collection tank to pass through;

the bottom plate is provided with fixing feet which are fixedly connected with the U-shaped fixing table;

preferably, the rear end of the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber is connected with an exhaust pipe through a conical air cavity;

the weather detection system is fixed on the aluminum telescopic rod, a plurality of fixed cross rods are arranged along the aluminum telescopic rod from top to bottom, and the miniature fog detector, the rainfall sensor, the rain and snow sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, the vacuum pump and the automatic controller are arranged on the fixed cross rods.

The first-stage cloud mist water interception cavity, the second-stage cloud mist water interception cavity and the third-stage cloud mist water interception cavity are preferably detachably connected, positioning pin rings are arranged at the rear end of the first-stage cloud mist water interception cavity and the rear end of the second-stage cloud mist water interception cavity, the inner diameter of each positioning pin ring is the same as the inner diameter of each cloud mist interception cavity, the outer diameter of each positioning pin ring is larger than the outer diameter of each cloud mist interception cavity, and rotary pieces matched with the positioning pin rings are arranged at the front end of the second-stage cloud mist water interception cavity and the front end of the third-stage cloud mist water interception cavity;

evenly there is three breach respectively along its axial on the locating pin ring, it is three to revolve piece quantity, evenly distributed holds back cavity and tertiary cloud fog water and holds back cavity front end periphery in second grade cloud fog water, and the breach size suits with revolving the piece size, and each breach right side all is provided with a fixed slot that is used for holding the piece that revolves, the size of fixed slot is greater than the piece size that revolves, and each revolves piece thickness by left turn right by the thickness attenuation, the inside spring preforming that is provided with of fixed slot, when revolving clockwise screw in fixed slot internal back of piece, the spring preforming pressurized supports the piece that revolves and realizes revolving the fixed of piece.

During the installation, at first three spinning disk is placed in three breach department, then clockwise rotation spinning disk, and the spinning disk removes gradually to the fixed slot of breach department in, because spinning disk thickness is different, and the spinning disk is pressed tighter and tighter to the spring preforming at rotatory in-process, and after the spinning disk got into the fixed slot completely, spring preforming compression degree was the biggest, realizes the fixed of spinning disk, during the dismantlement, will spin the disk slightly extrudees forward, and anticlockwise rotation spinning disk can follow the fixed slot with spinning the disk and unscrew, has realized detachable connection.

The present invention is not described in detail, and the prior art can be adopted.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

according to the particle size grading collection method of the multistage cloud and mist water collector, the weather can be intelligently identified to be sunny or foggy through the weather detection system, whether rain (snow) exists in the foggy day or not can be judged, the sample collection system can be made into a corresponding collection state according to the amount of the rain (snow), the particle size grading collection of cloud and mist water samples is achieved, and the separation of liquid drops in different processes of condensation, collision, sedimentation and the like in cloud and mist air mass is preliminarily achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the sample collection system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a weather detection system according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a tripod according to the present invention;

FIG. 5a is a schematic structural view of an upper baffle plate;

FIG. 5b is a schematic structural view of the lower baffle;

FIG. 5c is a schematic view of a connection manner between a beveled edge on one side of the upper baffle and a sleeve of the rainwater retaining part according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage cloud entrapment chamber;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a multi-section sleeve construction;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a structure of a reserved opening of a water collection tank of a bottom plate;

FIG. 9a is a schematic view of the rope net fixing structure of the present invention;

fig. 9b is a schematic view of the internal structure of the rope net fixing structure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the fixing legs and the horse-shoe-shaped fixing table;

FIG. 11a is a schematic structural view of a water collection tank according to the present invention;

FIG. 11b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water collection tank;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the collection rope net;

FIG. 13a is a schematic structural view of the chute;

FIG. 13b is a schematic view of the fit relationship between the sliding groove and the variable diameter screw;

FIG. 14a is a schematic view of the positioning pin ring;

FIG. 14b is a schematic view of the spring blade during the precession of the rotor;

wherein: 1-a tripod, 2-a rainwater intercepting baffle, 201-an upper baffle, 202-a lower baffle, 3-a rainwater grate, 4-a conical air cavity, 5-a fixed cross bar, 6-a rope net fixed structure, 7-an exhaust pipe, 8-a water collecting tank, 9-a rain and snow existence sensor, 10-a micro fog detector, 11-a temperature and humidity sensor, 12-an aluminum telescopic rod, 13-a vacuum pump, 14-an automatic controller, 15-a rainfall sensor, 16-a sleeve, 17-a positioning pin circular ring, 18-a rotary sheet, 19-a notch, 20-a fixed groove, 21-a spring pressing sheet, 22-a rotary sheet thickness a, 23-a rotary sheet thickness B, 24-a door leaf, 25-a limiting rotating shaft, 26-a door switch structure and 27-a rope frame, 28-Teflon rope, 29-bottom plate, 30-sample storage chamber, 31-first cloud mist water interception chamber, 32-second cloud mist water interception chamber, 33-third stage Yun Wushui interception chamber, 34-screw hole, 35-fixing groove, 36-long nylon rod through hole A, 37-long nylon rod through hole B, 38-collecting rope net, 39-arc insert sheet, 40-screw, 41-front end thermocouple, 42-rear end thermocouple, 43-cross bar, 44-flange ring, 45-horseshoe fixing table, 46-L type support, 47-water pipe through hole, 48-fixing foot, 49-water collection groove reserved opening, 50-telescopic sleeve, 51-water collection groove water outlet, 52-sliding groove, 5201-small screw hole, 53-sliding piece, 5301-big threaded hole, 54-variable-diameter screw, 5401-small threaded part and 5402-big threaded part.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not described in detail and is generally performed by the techniques in the art.

Example 1:

a method for collecting the particle size of a multi-stage cloud water collector, as shown in fig. 1-14b, comprises the following steps:

(1) The method comprises the steps that a sample collecting system and a weather detecting system of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector are installed on site, the installation direction of the weather detecting system is that the north hemisphere is deviated from the north, the south hemisphere is deviated from the south, and the deviation angle is smaller than or equal to 15 degrees, so that the direct sunlight is prevented from entering a miniature mist detector, the data noise level in a receiver is reduced, and the sample collecting system and the weather detecting system are electrically connected and in signal connection;

as shown in fig. 2, the multi-stage cloud and fog water collector comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system, wherein the weather detection system comprises a micro fog detector 10, a rain and snow sensor 9, a rainfall sensor 15, a temperature and humidity sensor 11 and an automatic controller 14, the type of the micro fog detector is preferably MiniOFS and is used for detecting visibility, the type of the rain and snow sensor is preferably a PHRS rain and snow sensor V3.0, the type of the rainfall sensor is preferably a TY-YDYL piezoelectric rainfall sensor, the type of the temperature and humidity sensor is preferably an HMT120 temperature and humidity sensor, a start-stop signal of the traditional cloud and fog sampler can only serve as a fog event distinguishing signal through single visibility or humidity parameters, and false sampling of a rainfall event is often caused, and the weather detection system in the invention realizes accurate judgment of weather conditions through triple condition setting of humidity, rainfall and visibility;

as shown in fig. 7, the sample collection system comprises a housing, the housing is composed of a sleeve 16 and a bottom plate 29 positioned at the bottom of the sleeve, the air inlet position is taken as the front end, a rainwater interception part and a multi-stage cloud and mist water interception part are sequentially arranged in the housing from front to back, a multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber is arranged in the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception part and used for intercepting cloud and mist air mass liquid drops with different particle sizes, and the rear end of the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber is connected with a vacuum pump 13 through an air suction pipe 7; a sample storage chamber 30 is arranged below the rainwater interception part and the multi-stage cloud mist water interception part and is used for storing rainwater and liquid drops collected according to particle sizes;

the automatic controller 14 comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, the miniature fog detector 10, the rain and snow sensor 9, the rainfall sensor 15 and the temperature and humidity sensor 11 are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller and store data in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump 13;

(2) After the multi-stage cloud and fog water collector is installed, the weather detection system detects the weather condition by simultaneously working the micro fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor;

(5) After the collection is finished, the collection bottle in the sample storage chamber is taken away and replaced with a new collection bottle.

Example 2:

a particle size grading acquisition method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as described in embodiment 1, except that the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity in step (3) comprises a first-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity 31, a second-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity 32 and a third-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity 33, rope net fixing structures 6 are fixed on the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception cavities, collecting rope nets 38 for collecting liquid drops with different particle sizes are fixed inside the rope net fixing structures 6, and the collecting rope nets of different cloud and mist water interception cavities are different;

collect rope net 38 and include rope frame 27 and teflon rope 28, teflon rope 28 equidistant being fixed in on the rope frame 27, cavity 31 is held back to one-level cloud fog water, cavity 32 is held back to second grade cloud fog water and the collection rope net that cavity 33 was held back to tertiary cloud fog water comprises the teflon rope of different intervals, different diameters respectively, and is specific:

the diameter of a Teflon rope of a collecting rope net in the first-stage cloud mist water interception chamber 31 is 8-15mm, preferably 11.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 2.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon rope;

the diameter of the Teflon rope of the collecting rope net in the secondary cloud water interception chamber 32 is 0.45-1.2mm, preferably 0.8mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.2 times of the diameter of the Teflon rope;

the diameter of the Teflon rope of the collecting rope net in the three-stage Yun Wushui intercepting chamber 33 is 0.1-0.2mm, preferably 0.18mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon rope.

in the invention, the first-stage cloud water interception chamber 31, the second-stage cloud water interception chamber 32 and the third-stage cloud water interception chamber 33 are all cylindrical and connected with each other, the rope net fixing structure 6 is a square structure, and the rope net fixing structure and the corresponding cloud water interception chambers are integrally formed;

the shell of the invention is composed of a sleeve 16 and a bottom plate 29, the whole body is of a cylinder-like aluminum alloy structure, the area of an air inlet is enlarged under the condition of relatively unchanged volume, the quality of a machine body is reduced, and the requirements of lightweight and mechanical property are met, a multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber is arranged in the sleeve, a hollow double-layer structure is formed between the sleeve and the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber, the double-layer structure is convenient for electric connection between an electric appliance of a sample collection system and an automatic controller, circuit wiring can be distributed in a hollow double-layer interlayer, and the safety problem of field electricity utilization is solved;

as shown in fig. 9a and 9B, 3 rows of fixing grooves 35 are arranged in the rope net fixing structure 6, the lower part of each row of fixing grooves 35 is communicated with the bottom of the fixing groove for placing the collected rope net from the bottom of the fixing groove, two side walls of each row of fixing grooves are provided with long nylon rod through holes a 36, two long nylon rod through holes B37 are arranged on the two side walls of the sleeve 16 and correspond to the long nylon rod through holes a 36 of the fixing grooves, two side edges of the collected rope net are provided with fixing holes, and the long nylon rods pass through the long nylon rod through holes B37, the long nylon rod through holes a 36 and the fixing holes to fix the collected rope net 38; the rope net fixing structure is preferably formed by integrally cutting nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, so that sample pollution caused by metal contact in the process of collision and collection of the cloud and mist water samples is avoided;

the upper end of the collecting rope net is inclined towards the air inlet after being installed, and the included angle between the collecting rope net and the horizontal plane is theta, and the theta is preferably 50-60 degrees.

Example 3:

a method for collecting particle sizes of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as described in embodiment 2, except that in step (3), when it is detected that the weather is non-fog days, namely the visibility detected by a micro fog detector 10 is greater than 500m, the humidity detected by a temperature and humidity sensor 11 is less than 90%, a sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system continuously monitors the weather condition;

when the rain/snow sensor 9 of the weather detection system detects that the weather is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor 15 senses that the rainfall/snow amount is greater than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state due to the large rainfall/snow amount, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

when the weather sensor 9 of the weather detection system detects that the weather is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor 15 senses that the rainfall/snow amount is less than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixing mode for particle size collection;

when the weather is detected to be pure fog, namely the visibility detected by the micro fog detector 10 is less than 500m, the humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 11 is greater than 90%, and the weather detected by the rain and snow existence sensor 9 is rain-free/snow-free, the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode for particle size collection.

Example 4:

a method for collecting particles by different diameters of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as described in embodiment 3, except that the number and combination of the multi-stage cloud and mist water trapping chambers selected according to actual needs are different, and the collecting process by different diameters is different, when the inner diameter of the multi-stage cloud and mist water trapping chamber is 15cm, the specific process is as follows:

when the sample collecting system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, rainwater interception is not needed, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected when cloud and fog clusters pass through the primary cloud and fog water interception chamber, and most of the fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 mu m are not collected;

B. when the shell sequentially comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber and a second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber from front to back (namely the multistage cloud and mist water interception chamber is only provided with the first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber and the second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber):

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 400-600W, the visibility of the humidity is extremely high, the spectrum peak of fog drops is backward moved, most of the cloud and fog air mass are large liquid drops and small liquid drops, after the cloud and fog air mass enters the sampler, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 mu m are captured and collected by three times of a rainwater interception part, the cloud and fog air mass passes through a first-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, the cloud and fog air mass passes through a second-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, and most of fog drops with the particle size smaller than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixing mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 1500W, the condensation nucleus concentration of aerosol cloud is high, the condensation effect of the cloud is rich, the spectrum peak of fog drops moves forwards, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 micrometers are captured by three times of a rainwater interception part after cloud and fog mist air mass enters a sampler, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 micrometers (fog drops with large particle size) are collected when the cloud and fog air mass passes through a first-stage cloud and fog water interception cavity, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 micrometers (fog drops with small particle size) are collected when the cloud and fog air mass passes through a second-stage cloud and fog water interception cavity, fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 micrometers (fog drops with tiny particle size) are collected when the cloud and fog water interception cavity passes through a third-stage, and finally, fog drops with the particle size smaller than 2 micrometers are not collected;

Example 5:

a particle size grading collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as described in embodiment 4, except that, as shown in fig. 2, a rainwater interception baffle 2 and a rainwater grate 3 are arranged in a sleeve (i.e. a first section of sleeve) of a rainwater interception part to perform a rainwater interception function, the rainwater interception baffle 2 includes an upper baffle 201 positioned at the top of the sleeve 16 and a lower baffle 202 positioned on a bottom plate, and the rainwater grate 3 is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;

as shown in fig. 5a, the upper baffle 201 is V-shaped, the inclined edge of the upper baffle on the side close to the air inlet forms an angle α with the horizontal plane, where α is 25-35 °, and under the condition of not affecting the air inlet efficiency, the larger raindrops are captured at one time, the inclined edge on the side far from the air inlet forms an angle β with the horizontal plane, where β is 55-65 °;

the lower baffle 202 is a single-side inclined plate and inclines towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle 202 and the horizontal plane is gamma, gamma is 45-55 degrees, after mist and fog air mass flows through the inclined edge of the upper baffle close to one side of the air inlet, due to the fact that the air duct area is reduced, air flow is accelerated, and raindrops are captured secondarily by the lower baffle due to large inertia of the raindrops; after the cloud and mist air mass flows through the single-side inclined plate of the lower baffle, the direction of the air flow is changed, and the part of the reflowing air mass passes through the rear side inclined edge of the upper baffle, so that the raindrops are captured for three times under the condition of correcting the direction of the air flow;

the relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle (namely point A in figure 2) and the highest point of the lower baffle (namely point B in figure 2) in the vertical direction is 40-50% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the relative distance in the horizontal direction is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;

the rainwater grate 3 is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastics, the rainwater grate 3 is obliquely arranged in an acute angle with the horizontal plane in the direction of the air inlet, the rainwater interception part intercepts rainwater drops by virtue of the upper baffle and the lower baffle, the diversion effect of a collecting rope net is lacked in the process that the liquid drops converge to the water collecting tank from the airflow channel, secondary transverse displacement is possibly caused by high-speed airflow in the process that the rainwater drops drop to the water collecting tank, so that the liquid drop loss is caused, and the rainwater grate structure is arranged above the bottom plate of the first sleeve to play a role in diversion in the rainwater drop dropping process;

As shown in fig. 5a-5c, the tops of the two oblique sides of the upper baffle 201 are inserted into the upper portion of the sleeve 16 and are fixed by the arc-shaped inserting pieces 39;

the bottom of the lower baffle 202 is arranged below the bottom plate 29 in a penetrating manner and is fixed by the arc-shaped inserting pieces 39 through screws;

specifically, between two hypotenuses of sleeve and overhead gage to and between bottom plate and the lower baffle, all be connected through two arc inserted sheets, the baffle is passed to each arc inserted sheet front and back end, and fixes in sleeve bottom or bottom plate bottom through screw 40, and every arc inserted sheet corresponds 2 screws 40 fixedly.

The inclined edge of the upper baffle 202 close to one side of the air inlet is vertically provided with a front-end thermocouple 41 from top to bottom, the lower baffle 202 is vertically provided with a rear-end thermocouple 42 from bottom to top, heating plates (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the upper baffle 201 and the lower baffle 202 and used for heating the supercooled mist to prevent condensation, and the front-end thermocouple 41, the rear-end thermocouple 42 and the heating plates are all connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller 14;

the front-end thermocouple 41 and the rear-end thermocouple 42 control the power of the heating plate by sensing the front-back temperature difference of cloud mist air mass, the heating plate is arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle, the problem of collecting supercooled cloud is realized by the heating mode, and the problem of size limitation of a collecting rope net caused by heating and supercooling by arranging heating wires in a hollow rope pipe in the prior art is solved (in the traditional collecting rope net, a hollow-structure Teflon rope pipe is generally adopted for a Teflon rope with a large diameter, the hollow structure is adopted in the Teflon rope pipe, materials are saved, the heating wires can be arranged in the Teflon rope pipe, and the problem of missing of collecting small-particle-diameter cloud mist drops is solved;

when the temperature of the front-end thermocouple 41 sensing cloud and mist air mass is lower than 4 ℃, temperature signals are transmitted to a signal transmission processing module of an automatic controller of a weather detection system, the signal transmission processing module sends signals, the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle 201 and the lower baffle 202 are controlled to work, when the temperature difference between the rear-end thermocouple 42 and the front-end thermocouple 41 is lower than 2 ℃, the temperature difference signals are transmitted to a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller of the weather detection system, the signal transmission processing module controls the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle to improve the thermal power, when the temperature difference is higher than 10 ℃, the heating plates arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle reduce the thermal power, and when the temperature of the front-end thermocouple 41 is higher than 4 ℃, the heating plates are not opened.

Example 6:

a method for collecting particle sizes of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as described in example 5, except that, in step (4), the collected sample is collected to a sample storage chamber 30 through a water collecting tank 8, the sample storage chamber 30 is a constant temperature storage chamber, the sample can be stored at about 4 ℃ (constant temperature storage can be realized by adopting the prior art, and is not described herein), the constant temperature storage chamber is a black outer shell, the constant temperature storage chamber is used for placing sample bottles, and can avoid direct irradiation of sunlight of the sample, a magnetic attraction structure is arranged at the bottom of the constant temperature storage chamber, a magnetic attraction sheet is arranged on an L-shaped support 46, the magnetic attraction sheet is matched with the magnetic attraction structure to complete connection, a screw hole 34 is arranged on one side of the L-shaped support 46, and the constant temperature storage chamber is fixed on the L-shaped support 46 through screws;

the side wall of the sample storage chamber 30 is further provided with a door for conveniently taking and placing the sample bottles.

A catchment groove reserved opening 49 is formed in the bottom plate 29 below the rainwater grate 3 and the collecting rope net 6, the catchment groove is formed below the catchment groove reserved opening, the catchment groove 8 is of a cuboid internally-tangent inverted-prism-shaped structure, a catchment groove water outlet 51 is formed in the bottom of the catchment groove 8, an opening is reserved in the upper portion of the sample storage chamber 30 and connected with the catchment groove water outlet 51 through a water pipe, and the water pipe guides liquid at the catchment groove water outlet to a sample bottle of the sample storage chamber;

the bottom of the bottom plate 29 is provided with sliding grooves 52 at two sides of the reserved opening 49 of the water collecting groove, sliding pieces 53 matched with the sliding grooves 52 are arranged at two sides of the water collecting groove, and the sliding pieces 53 and the water collecting groove are integrally formed.

As shown in fig. 13a and 13b, the sliding slot 52 is a U-shaped slot placed on the side, the bottom of the sliding slot 52 is provided with a small threaded hole 5201, a variable diameter screw 54 is arranged in the small threaded hole 5201, the variable diameter screw 54 comprises a small threaded part 5401 and a large threaded part 5402, the small threaded part 5401 is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole 5201 of the sliding slot, the sliding piece 53 is provided with a large threaded hole 5301, when the sliding piece 53 slides into the sliding slot 52, the large threaded part 5402 of the variable diameter screw is in threaded fit with the large threaded hole 5301 of the sliding piece, and the small threaded part 5401 is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole 5201 of the sliding slot 81.

Install catchment groove after collecting the net, with in the gleitbretter slides in the spout, reducing screw up, its little screw thread part and the little screw hole screw-thread fit of spout, big screw thread part and the big screw hole screw-thread fit of gleitbretter, screw up can, when dismantling, down revolve reducing screw, its big screw thread part breaks away from with the big screw hole of gleitbretter, the realization is demolishd, but the little screw thread part of reducing screw cooperates with the little screw hole of spout all the time, realized that it is convenient and the screw is difficult to lose to dismantle, and, after demolising the catchment groove, also conveniently take off from catchment groove reservation mouth and collect the net, wash or replace.

Example 7:

the difference of the method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector is that as shown in fig. 7, a door leaf 24 is arranged at the front end of a shell, a limit rotating shaft 25 is arranged between the door leaf 24 and a bottom plate 29, a door switch structure 26 capable of being opened and closed in an elastic mode is arranged on the door leaf 24 and the shell, the door switch structure 26 and a signal transmission processing module of an automatic controller are arranged, when a sample collecting system starts to work, the signal transmission processing module sends a signal to enable the door switch structure to be opened in an automatic elastic mode, at the moment, the door leaf is opened by the limit rotating shaft, and after the door leaf is opened for a certain time, a vacuum air pump starts to work.

The sleeve is multisection, cup joints each other between the multisection sleeve, wherein, is fixed mutually all the time at first section sleeve, and the sleeve of rainwater entrapment part is fixed with the bottom plate at first, when the installation, at first as required the section number of required sleeve of having selected, then after the sleeve of corresponding section number of pull out, cloud and mist water entrapment cavity is connected the completion with the bottom plate, and the bottom plate passes through the bolt fixed connection of both sides with the sleeve again.

Example 8:

a method of size separation in a multi-stage cloud water collector, as described in example 7, except that the sample collection system is preferably within 1.5m of the weather detection system when installed in step (1).

The mounting heights of the micro fog detector, the rainfall sensor and the rain and snow sensor relative to the ground are more than or equal to 2.5m, and the mounting heights of the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground are more than or equal to 1.5m.

Example 9:

a method for collecting particle size of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector, as described in embodiment 8, except that the sample collection system of this embodiment further includes a tripod 1 (a telescopic sleeve 50 can be disposed on the tripod 1 to adjust the length of the tripod and fixed by a fixing knob), a plurality of sections of cross bars 43 are fixed above the tripod 1, adjacent cross bars 43 are fixedly connected by flange rings 44, a horseshoe-shaped fixing table 45 with threads is disposed above each section of cross bar 43 for fixing a bottom plate for holding a rainwater interception part and a multi-stage cloud and mist water interception part, an L-shaped support 46 is disposed below each section of cross bar for placing a sample storage chamber 30, and a water pipe through hole 47 is further disposed on the cross bar 43 for passing a water pipe connected to a water outlet of a water collecting tank;

the bottom plate 29 is provided with a fixed foot 48, and the fixed foot 48 is fixedly connected with the horseshoe-shaped fixed table 45;

the rear end of the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity is connected with an exhaust pipe through a conical air cavity 4;

the weather detection system is fixed on an aluminum telescopic rod 12, a plurality of fixed cross rods 5 are arranged from top to bottom along the aluminum telescopic rod 12, and a micro fog detector 10, a rainfall sensor 15, a rain and snow sensor 9, a temperature and humidity sensor 11, a vacuum pump 13 and an automatic controller 14 are arranged on the fixed cross rods 5.

Example 10:

a particle size grading acquisition method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector is different from that in embodiment 9, a first-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity 31, a second-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity 32 and a third-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity 33 are detachably connected, a positioning pin ring 17 is arranged at the rear end of the first-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity and at the rear end of the second-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity, the inner diameter of the positioning pin ring 17 is the same as the inner diameter of the cloud and mist interception cavity, the outer diameter of the positioning pin ring is larger than the outer diameter of the cloud and mist water interception cavity, and rotary pieces 18 matched with the positioning pin ring are arranged at the front end of the second-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity and at the front end of the third-stage cloud and mist water interception cavity;

13a shows, evenly there is three breach 19 respectively along its axial on the locating pin ring 17, it is three to revolve piece 18 quantity, evenly distributed holds back the cavity and tertiary cloud fog water and holds back the cavity front end periphery in second grade cloud fog water, 19 sizes of breach and spiral piece 18 size suit, 19 inside fixed slots 20 that all are provided with one and are used for holding the spiral piece in the right side of each breach, the size of fixed slots 20 is greater than spiral piece 18 size, 80 thickness of each spiral piece turn right by a left side by the thickness attenuation, the inside spring preforming 21 that is provided with of fixed slots 20, when the clockwise back of screwing in fixed slots 20 of spiral piece 18, spring preforming 21 is pressed and is supported the fixed of the realization spiral piece of spiral piece 18.

During the installation, at first three spinning disks 18 are placed in three breach 19 department, then clockwise rotation spinning disk, spinning disk 18 moves gradually in the fixed slot 20 of breach department, because spinning disk 18 thickness is different, the spinning disk is more tight to the spring preforming in rotatory in-process, like 13 b's spinning disk thickness a 22, after the spinning disk gets into in the fixed slot 20 completely, spring preforming compression degree is the biggest, the fixing of spinning disk is realized to spinning disk thickness b 23 as the drawing, during the dismantlement, will spin the slight forward extrusion of piece, anticlockwise rotation spinning disk, can follow the fixed slot with the spinning disk and unscrew, detachable connection has been realized.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the principles of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A particle size grading acquisition method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Installing a sample collecting system and a weather detecting system of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector on site, wherein the installation direction of the weather detecting system is that the north hemisphere is deviated from the north, the south hemisphere is deviated from the south, and the deviation angle is less than or equal to 15 degrees, and electrically connecting and connecting signals of the sample collecting system and the weather detecting system;

the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector comprises a weather detection system and a sample collection system, wherein the weather detection system comprises a miniature mist detector, a rain and snow sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic controller;

the automatic controller comprises a signal transmission processing module, a storage module and a power supply module, the miniature fog detector, the rain and snow sensor, the rainfall sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are all connected with the signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller and store data in the storage module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the weather detection system and the sample collection system, and the signal transmission processing module is connected with the vacuum pump;

2. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber in step (3) comprises a first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber, a second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber and a third-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber, rope net fixing structures are fixed on the multi-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber, collecting rope nets are fixed inside the rope net fixing structures and used for collecting liquid drops with different particle sizes, and the collecting rope nets of the different cloud and mist water interception chambers are different;

the diameter of the Teflon rope of the collecting rope net in the three-stage cloud water intercepting chamber is 0.1-0.2mm, preferably 0.18mm, and the distance between two adjacent Teflon ropes is 3.3 times of the diameter of the Teflon rope.

3. The particle size grading collection method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), when it is detected that the weather is non-fog days, namely the visibility is higher than 500m when detected by the micro fog detector, the humidity is lower than 90% when detected by the temperature and humidity sensor, the sample sampling system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system continuously monitors the weather condition when working;

when the weather sensor of the weather detection system detects whether the weather is rain/snow and the rainfall sensor senses that the rainfall/snow amount is more than 0.3mm/min, the sample collection system is in a closed state, and the weather detection system works to continuously monitor the weather condition;

4. The method for collecting the particle sizes of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 3, wherein the number and combination of the multi-stage cloud and mist water trapping chambers are different according to actual needs, and the particle size collection process is different, and when the inner diameter of the multi-stage cloud and mist water trapping chamber is 15cm, the specific process is as follows:

A. when the shell includes rainwater interception part, one-level cloud fog water in proper order from front to back and intercepts the cavity:

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 280-420W, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 mu m are collected by the rain water interception part, cloud and fog air mass passes through the primary cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size smaller than 40 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, when the cloud and fog air mass passes through the primary cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 40 mu m are not collected;

B. when the shell includes rainwater interception part, one-level cloud fog water interception cavity, second grade cloud fog water interception cavity from front to back in proper order:

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 400-600W, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 mu m are collected through the rain water interception part after cloud and fog air mass enters the sampler, the cloud and fog air mass then passes through the primary cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, the cloud and fog air mass then passes through the secondary cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size smaller than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, when the cloud and fog air mass passes through the first-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 mu m are collected, and when the cloud and fog air mass passes through the second-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

C. when the shell comprises a rainwater interception part and a second-stage cloud water interception chamber from front to back in sequence:

when the sample collection system is started to be in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of the vacuum pump is 800-1000W, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 mu m are collected through the rain water interception part after a rain and fog air mass enters the sampler, the fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected when the cloud and fog air mass passes through the secondary cloud and fog water interception chamber, and the fog drops with the particle size smaller than 20 mu m are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the particle size of 20-100 mu m are collected, and fog drops with the particle size of less than 20 mu m are not collected;

D. when the shell comprises a rainwater interception part, a first-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber, a second-stage cloud and mist water interception chamber and a third-stage Yun Wushui interception chamber from front to back in sequence:

when the sample collection system is in a rain and fog mixed mode, the power of a vacuum pump is 1500W, rain drops with the particle size larger than 100 micrometers are collected by a rain water interception part after cloud and fog air mass enters a sampler, the cloud and fog air mass passes through a first-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, fog drops with the particle size of 40-100 micrometers are collected, the fog drops with the particle size of 20-40 micrometers are collected by a second-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, the fog drops with the particle size of 2-20 micrometers are collected by a third-stage cloud and fog water interception chamber, and finally the fog drops with the particle size smaller than 2 micrometers are not collected;

when the sample collection system is started to be in a pure fog mode, the power is 1500W, fog drops with the grain size of 40-100 mu m are collected when a cloud fog mass passes through the first-stage cloud water interception cavity, fog drops with the grain size of 20-40 mu m are collected when the cloud fog mass passes through the second-stage cloud water interception cavity, fog drops with the grain size of 2-20 mu m are collected when the cloud fog mass passes through the third-stage cloud water interception cavity, and finally, fog drops with the grain size smaller than 2 mu m are not collected.

5. The particle size collection method of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 4, wherein a rainwater interception baffle and a rainwater grate are arranged in a sleeve of the rainwater interception part, the rainwater interception baffle comprises an upper baffle positioned at the top of the sleeve and a lower baffle positioned on a bottom plate, and the rainwater grate is positioned on the bottom plate in front of the lower baffle;

the upper baffle is V-shaped, the inclined edge of the upper baffle, which is close to one side of the air inlet, forms an included angle alpha with the horizontal plane, the included angle alpha is 25-35 degrees, the inclined edge, which is far away from one side of the air inlet, forms an included angle beta with the horizontal plane, and the included angle beta is 55-65 degrees;

the lower baffle plate inclines towards the rear end of the sleeve, the included angle between the lower baffle plate and the horizontal plane is gamma, and gamma is 45-55 degrees;

the relative distance between the lowest point of the V-shaped upper baffle and the highest point of the lower baffle in the vertical direction is 40-50% of the diameter of the air inlet, and the relative distance in the horizontal direction is not less than 60% of the length of the sleeve of the rainwater interception part;

the rainwater grate is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene plastics and is obliquely arranged towards the direction of the air inlet and forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane;

the inclined edge of the upper baffle plate, which is close to one side of the air inlet, is vertically provided with a front-end thermocouple from top to bottom, the lower baffle plate is vertically provided with a rear-end thermocouple from bottom to top, heating plates are arranged in the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate and are used for heating supercooled mist to prevent condensation, and the front-end thermocouple, the rear-end thermocouple and the heating plates are all connected with a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller;

the front-end thermocouple and the rear-end thermocouple control the power of the heating plate by sensing the front-rear temperature difference of the cloud and mist air mass, and the heating plate is arranged in the upper baffle and the lower baffle;

6. The method for collecting the particle size of a multi-stage cloud and mist collector of claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the collected samples are collected to a sample storage chamber through a water collecting tank, and the sample storage chamber is a constant temperature storage chamber;

7. The method for collecting the particle size of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector according to claim 6, wherein the chute is a U-shaped groove placed on the side, a small threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the chute, a variable diameter screw is arranged in the small threaded hole and comprises a small threaded part and a large threaded part, the small threaded part is in threaded fit with the small threaded hole of the chute, a large threaded hole is formed in the sliding piece, and after the sliding piece slides into the chute, the large threaded part of the variable diameter screw is in threaded fit with the large threaded hole of the sliding piece.

8. The particle size distribution collecting method of a multi-stage cloud and mist water collector as claimed in claim 7, wherein a door leaf is arranged at the front end of the housing, a limit rotating shaft is arranged between the door leaf and the bottom plate, a door switch structure capable of being opened and closed is arranged on the door leaf and the housing, the door switch structure and a signal transmission processing module of the automatic controller send signals when the sample collecting system starts to work, so that the door switch structure is automatically opened, the door leaf is opened by the limit rotating shaft at the moment, and the vacuum air pump starts to work after the door leaf is opened for a certain time.

9. The method for collecting particle sizes in a multi-stage cloud water collector according to claim 8, wherein the distance between the sample collection system and the weather detection system is preferably within 1.5m when the method is installed in step (1).

10. The method for collecting the particle sizes of the multi-stage cloud and mist water collector of claim 9, wherein the installation heights of the micro mist detector, the rain sensor, the rain and snow sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor relative to the ground are greater than or equal to 2.5m, and the installation heights of the temperature and humidity sensor and the ground are greater than or equal to 1.5m.