CN106290085B - Method and device for classifying and screening particulate matters in air based on grids with particle sizes - Google Patents
Method and device for classifying and screening particulate matters in air based on grids with particle sizes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening particles in air by using a grid grading based on particle size, which comprises the following steps: s1, opening a one-way valve, and introducing clean air into a screening system through a clean air inlet pipe to clean the screening system; s2, drying air to be detected; s3, opening a one-way valve, and introducing a certain amount of air to be detected from the inlet end of the screening system through an air inlet pipe to be detected, wherein particles with different sizes in the air to be detected are blocked and slide down in front of microcolumns with different intervals; s4, stopping introducing the air to be detected, and introducing clean air from the inlet end of the screening system to drive the air to be detected to flow forwards; s5, collecting target particles from an outlet at the lower end of the screening system through a collecting device. The invention also discloses a device for classifying and screening the particles in the air based on the grids with the particle sizes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for screening particles in air, in particular to a method for classifying and separating the particles according to the size of the particles, so that the separation and analysis of the particles are more accurate, and the method is particularly suitable for the aspect of classifying and sampling the particles in the air according to the particle size.
Background
Particulate matter (Particulate Matter, PM) in air refers to solid or liquid particulate matter in air. PM has a diameter ranging from 0.1um to 200um. Depending on the diameter size of the PM, generally the PM can be divided into total suspended particles (Total Suspended Particles, TSP), coarse particles (Coarse Particulate Matter, PM 10) and fine particles (Fine Particulate Matter, PM 2.5). The total suspended particles are particles with the particle size smaller than 100 um; the coarse particles are particles with the particle size smaller than 10 um. The fine particles are particles with the particle size smaller than 2.5 um. The division of particulate matter is slightly different from country to country. The main sources of Chinese particulate matters are secondary pollutants generated by chemical and physical reactions in the atmosphere of ground dust, coal combustion, locomotive emission and other industrial activities and raw gas pollutants emitted by the sources. In recent years, ash haze caused by the rapid increase of the concentration of the atmospheric particulate matters frequently occurs in several large cities in China, and the adverse effect of the high concentration of the particulate matters on the life of people is frequently reported. The hazards posed by high concentrations of particulate matter are mainly 2: ecological environmental damage and human health damage. In the aspect of ecological environment, a large amount of particles fall on leaves of plants to influence the growth of the plants, and crops are directly reducedYield and income are reduced;
the particles as condensation nuclei fall along with rain, the pH value of the precipitation is changed, and the diversity and the landform of organisms are changed. Studies have shown that the atmosphere of high concentrations of particulate matter even affects the reproductive system of animals, reducing the fertility rate of the animals. A large number of
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The sedimentation of the particles accelerates the corrosion of the building and shortens the life cycle of the building. Since the wavelength of visible light is 0.36um to 0.78um, the scattering effect of particles with the particle size of 0.1um to 1um on visible light is strong, and the visibility of the atmosphere is greatly reduced by high-concentration particles. Therefore, there is a great traffic safety hazard in cities with high concentrations of particulate matter. The sedimentation rate of the particles with the particle size below 1um is low, the particles can stay in the atmosphere for a long time, and the particles can be conveyed to a far place in the movement of air flow. Therefore, the particulate pollution is deep, long in time and wide in range. In the aspect of human health, research shows that even if the concentration of the particles is lower than the standard limit value, the particles have a damaging effect on the human health, and the high concentration of the particles definitely seriously damages the human health. There have been studies showing that particulate matter damages the respiratory system, circulatory system, immune system, nervous system, reproductive system, etc. of the human body. Therefore, screening the particulate matter in the air based on the particle size is greatly advantageous for detailed specific analysis of the influence of the particulate matter on human health and environment.
At present, the main methods for screening the particulate matters in the air based on the particle size are as follows: (1) a filter membrane weighing method; (2) light scattering; (3) beta-ray method; (4) a micro-oscillation balance method, etc. The screening result is rough, and the method for carrying out multiple grading screening on the particles in the air based on the particle size is not available.
(1) The filter membrane weighing method (weight method or manual method) is to extract a certain volume of air at a constant speed through a sampler, particles in the air are throttled on the filter membrane, and the concentration is calculated by combining the change of the weight of the filter membrane before and after sampling and the sampled air volume. The method is a national standard analysis method, has high entrapment efficiency on the particulate matters, and accurate measurement results, and is the most direct and reliable method. The filter weighing method is a reference for verifying whether the results of other measuring methods are accurate. However, when the air flow continuously passes through the sampling filter membrane for a long time, the volatile and semi-volatile substances are lost due to the change of the air flow and the temperature of the substances collected on the filter membrane, and meanwhile, some extremely fine particles can pass through the filter membrane to cause lower results; conversely, other substances can be adsorbed by the filter membrane, so that the result is higher; (2) The light scattering method is characterized in that the relation between light scattering and particle concentration in the actual process is influenced by factors such as chemical components, morphology, specific gravity and the like of particles, so that a conversion formula between light scattering and particle concentration is changed anytime and anywhere, and an instrument adopting a light scattering principle is required to be corrected by a standard method continuously, so that the technical certainty is not high; (3) The basic principle of the beta-ray method is to measure the change of the quantity of the atmospheric particulates by utilizing the change of the attenuation quantity of the beta rays released by the carbon-14 by the particulates accumulated on the adaptive filter membrane. Ambient air is sucked into a sampling tube through a cutter by a sampling pump, is discharged after entering a filtering membrane, and particles are deposited on a strip-shaped quartz filtering membrane, when beta rays pass through the filtering membrane on which the particles are deposited, the intensity of the beta rays is attenuated, and the concentration of the particles is calculated by measuring the attenuation. The method is based on 2 assumptions, namely that the quartz sampling filter membrane of the instrument is uniform in strip, and the collected PM2.5 particles are uniform in physical characteristics (namely uniform in particle size, uniform in particle composition, uniform in particle distribution on the filter membrane and the like), and the attenuation rate of the intensity of the beta rays is the same. However, the above 2 points are often not established under the actual conditions, so that the measured data are generally considered to have deviation, and the fault rate of the detection method in a wet high-temperature area is very high; (4) The micro-oscillation balance method mainly uses the principle of a cone-shaped element micro-oscillation balance. The hollow conical tube in the device is kept in a state of reciprocating oscillation, and the oscillation frequency of the hollow conical tube changes along with the mass change of particles collected by the filter membrane. The mass of the particles is obtained by measuring the change in frequency, and the concentration of the sample is obtained in combination with the sample volume. The advantage of this technique is that the relationship is clear, and the disadvantage is that the current technique cannot solve the loss of volatile and semi-volatile substances after the sample is heated, resulting in the measurement result being considered to be low and distortion.
Besides the advantages and disadvantages mentioned above, none of the above-mentioned 4 methods can simultaneously perform precise multi-stage screening of the particulate matters in the air according to the particle sizes, which has an influence on the detection and subsequent analysis of the particulate matters.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for classifying and screening particulate matters in air based on a grid of particle size, so as to make the detection and analysis of the particulate matters more accurate and reliable.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for classifying and screening particles in air based on a grid of particle size, comprising the following steps:
s1, opening a one-way valve, and introducing clean air into a screening system through a clean air inlet pipe to clean the screening system;
s2, drying air to be detected;
s3, opening a one-way valve, and introducing a certain amount of air to be detected from the inlet end of the screening system through an air inlet pipe to be detected, wherein particles with different sizes in the air to be detected are blocked and slide down in front of microcolumns with different intervals;
s4, stopping introducing the air to be detected, and introducing clean air from the inlet end of the screening system to drive the air to be detected to flow forwards;
s5, collecting target particles from an outlet at the lower end of the screening system through a collecting device.
In the step S4, clean air is continuously introduced for 3-5 min, and the pressure of the clean air is 1-1.5 times of standard atmospheric pressure.
The utility model provides a device of hierarchical screening particulate matter in air based on grid of particle diameter, includes screening system, screening system's one end is connected with the intake pipe, the intake pipe branch has clean air intake pipe and awaits measuring the air intake pipe, screening system is inside to be provided with a plurality of grades little post, every little post includes a plurality of little posts of row, every row little post is whole to be trapezoidal form, every level lower extreme is provided with the export between the little post.
A collecting device is arranged below the outlet.
The lower ends of each two adjacent stages of microcolumns are provided with a Chinese character 'ji' -shaped blocking structure. .
The cross section of the microcolumn is right trapezoid, and the microcolumn is inclined near the air inlet end.
The inclined surfaces of each column of microcolumns are integrally on the same plane.
The micro columns in every two columns are arranged in a mode of adjustable space.
The spacing between each stage of microcolumn is arranged in a mode of gradually decreasing from the air inlet end to the tail end of the screening system.
The two microcolumns in the same column are arranged in a mode of uniform space.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) The material of the screening system of the present invention may be a variety of smooth and easily processable materials such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the like. The processing mode can adopt micro-nano processing technology such as laser processing, reactive ion deep etching, nanoimprint and the like; (2) The cross section of the microcolumn adopts a right trapezoid, and the motion direction of the blocked particles is changed by utilizing the component force along the inclined plane to finish the separation process; (3) The invention relies on mature micro-nano processing technology, the section shape, the size and the adjacent spacing of the micro-columns are various selectable, and the micro-column array is easy to process in a large area at one time, thereby saving time, energy and materials; (4) According to the invention, multiple rows of microcolumns are adopted in each stage, so that the classification reliability is improved, and the screening stage number and the number of microcolumn rows in each stage can be adjusted according to specific conditions; (5) According to the invention, air to be tested and clean air enter the screening system through the air inlet pipeline and enter the collecting device through the air outlet pipeline, wherein the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline are provided with the one-way valves, so that the backflow of gas is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of an apparatus for classifying and screening particulate matter in air based on a grid of particle size according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial view of I of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for classifying and screening particulate matters in air based on a grid of particle sizes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a method for classifying and screening particles in air based on a grid of particle size comprises the following steps:
s1, opening a one-way valve 1, and introducing clean air into a screening system 3 through a clean air inlet pipe 2 to clean the screening system 3;
s2, drying air to be detected;
s3, opening a one-way valve 1, and introducing a certain amount of air to be detected from the inlet end of the screening system 3 through an air inlet pipe 4 to be detected, wherein particles with different sizes in the air to be detected are blocked and slide down in front of microcolumns with different intervals;
s4, stopping introducing the air to be detected, and introducing clean air from the inlet end of the screening system 3 so as to drive the air to be detected to flow forwards;
s5, collecting target particles from an outlet at the lower end of the screening system 3 through a collecting device.
In the step S4, clean air is continuously introduced for 3-5 min, and the pressure of the clean air is 1-1.5 times of standard atmospheric pressure.
The utility model provides a device of hierarchical screening particulate matter in air based on grid of particle diameter, includes screening system 3, screening system 3's one end is connected with intake pipe 7, the intake pipe branch has clean air intake pipe 2 and awaits measuring air intake pipe 4, screening system 3 is inside to be provided with a plurality of grades little post, every level little post includes a plurality of little posts 6 of row, every row little post 6 is whole to be trapezoidal form, every level lower extreme is provided with the export between little post 6.
The collecting device is arranged below the outlet, a trapezoid blocking structure is arranged at the lower end of each two adjacent micro-column 6, the cross section of each micro-column 6 is right trapezoid, and the end, close to the air inlet, of each micro-column is an inclined surface 9.
The whole inclined plane 9 of every little post 6 of row is on the coplanar, every two are listed as with the mode setting of interval adjustable between the little post 6, the interval between every level little post is in order from the air inlet end to the mode setting that screening system 3 is terminal progressively decreased in proper order, with listed as set up with the mode of interval homogeneity between two little posts 6.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a method for classifying and screening particles in air based on a grid of particle size comprises the following steps:
s1, opening a one-way valve 1, and introducing clean air into a screening system 3 through a clean air inlet pipe 2 to clean the screening system 3;
s2, drying air to be detected;
s3, opening a one-way valve 1, and introducing a certain amount of air to be detected from the inlet end of the screening system 3 through an air inlet pipe 4 to be detected, wherein particles with different sizes in the air to be detected are blocked and slide down in front of microcolumns 6 with different intervals;
s4, stopping introducing the air to be detected, and introducing clean air from the inlet end of the screening system 3 so as to drive the air to be detected to flow forwards;
s5, collecting target particles from the outlet at the lower end of the screening system 3 through a collecting device 8.
In step S4, clean air is continuously introduced for 3min, and the pressure of the clean air is 1 time of the standard atmospheric pressure, and is mainly completed by adopting a dynamic heating system when the air to be measured is dried.
The utility model provides a device of hierarchical screening particulate matter in air based on grid of particle diameter, includes screening system 3, screening system 3's one end is connected with intake pipe 7, intake pipe 7 branch has clean air intake pipe 2 and awaits measuring air intake pipe 4, screening system 3 inside is provided with tertiary microcolumn, every level microcolumn 6 includes three columns microcolumn 6, every is listed as microcolumn 6 is whole to be trapezoidal form, every level lower extreme is provided with the export between the microcolumn.
The collecting device 8 is arranged below the outlet, a rectangular blocking structure 7 is arranged at the lower end of each two adjacent micro-column 6, the cross section of each micro-column 6 is right trapezoid, and the end, close to the air inlet, of each micro-column 6 is an inclined surface 9.
The whole inclined plane of every little post 6 of row is on the coplanar, every two are listed as with the mode setting of interval adjustable between the little post 6, the interval between every level little post 6 is in order from the air inlet end to the mode setting that screening system 3 is terminal progressively decreased in proper order, with listed as set up with the mode of interval homogeneity between two little posts 6.
In the technical scheme of the specific embodiment, in the screening system 3, the distance d between 1-3 rows of microcolumns 6 1 Particles with particle size > 10um were blocked =10 um. The near air inlet end of each microcolumn 6 is an inclined plane, the inclined planes 9 of each row of microcolumns 6 are on the same plane, and the inclined angle is 10-45 degrees. Therefore, after the blocked particles touch the inclined surface, the particles slide along the inclined surface under the action of the partial force along the inclined surface 9 and are screened out; particles with the particle size less than or equal to 10um pass through the 1-3 rows of microcolumns 6 under the action of clean air flow and inertia. Similarly, the distance d between the microcolumns 6 in 4-6 rows 2 Microcolumn 6 pitch d of =2.5 um and 7-9 rows 3 Particles with particle diameters of 2.5-10 um and particles with particle diameters of 1-2.5 um are sequentially blocked, slipped and collected. Finally, only particles with the particle size less than or equal to 1um can pass through the micro-column 6 array, so that the particles with the particle size less than or equal to 1um are naturally separated; after a certain period of time, the collecting device 1-4 is taken down, particle groups with different particle size ranges are extracted, and then detection analysis is carried out on the obtained particles. Particle size ranges of particle groups collected in the collecting devices 1-4 are more than 10um,2.5um-10um,1um-2.5um and less than or equal to 1um in sequence, and in addition, a few-shaped blocking structure 7 is arranged at the lower end of each two adjacent stages of microcolumns so as to prevent the particle groups with different particle sizes from being mixed, and the collecting device is more beneficial to collecting.
The invention has the following advantages: (1) Microcolumn 6 structures having different pitches d are prepared, and particles of different sizes are separated by the different pitches. The more the pitch species, the more the number of separation stages, and the finer the particulate matter is separated. For example, the particulate matter is subjected to a 3-stage separation as shown in example one. The spacing d of the microcolumns 6 in 1-3 rows, 4-6 rows and 7-9 rows is sequentially 10um,2.5um and 1.0um, and the front-back spacing of the microcolumns 6 is unified to be 20um. The microcolumns 6 are 5um to 20um in height, the cross section is a right trapezoid, the trapezium is 5um to 20um in height, and the long bottom edge of the right trapezoid cross section of the microcolumns 6 in the first row is 20um in length. The near air inlet end of each microcolumn 6 is an inclined plane, and the inclined planes 9 of each column of microcolumns 6 are on the same plane, and the inclined angles are 10-45 degrees; (2) A certain amount of dried air to be treated is introduced into the screening system 3, and the air flow speed is determined according to the condition of the air. After stopping introducing the air to be detected, introducing clean air with the pressure of 1-1.5 times of standard atmospheric pressure for 3-5 min, wherein the air in the screening system 3 keeps flowing forwards in the separation process. In theory, particles with different sizes in the air to be treated are blocked and then all slide down the inclined plane under the action of the partial force along the inclined plane so as to be screened and collected in the corresponding collecting device. The particles are considered spherical, neglecting viscous drag between the particles, additional mass forces, etc. In addition, the microcolumns 6 can be in different cross-sectional shapes and sizes, and the distance between two adjacent rows of microcolumns 6 and the number of the rows of microcolumns 6 at the same separation level can be adjusted according to specific conditions. Different sizes of particle groups can be obtained by setting different pitches d of the microcolumns 6 and selecting different classification types.
At present, the main methods for screening the particulate matters in the air based on the particle size are as follows: (1) a filter membrane weighing method; (2) light scattering; (3) beta-ray method; (4) a micro-oscillation balance method, etc. The screening result is rough, and the method for simultaneously carrying out multistage separation on the particles in the air based on the particle size is not used.
Various other corresponding changes and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for classifying and screening particles in air based on a grid of particle size, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, opening a one-way valve, and introducing clean air into a screening system through a clean air inlet pipe to clean the screening system;
s2, drying air to be detected;
s3, opening a one-way valve, and introducing a certain amount of air to be detected from the inlet end of the screening system through an air inlet pipe to be detected, wherein particles with different sizes in the air to be detected are blocked and slide down in front of microcolumns with different intervals;
s4, stopping introducing the air to be detected, and introducing clean air from the inlet end of the screening system to drive the air to be detected to flow forwards;
s5, collecting target particles from an outlet at the lower end of the screening system through a collecting device;
in the step S4, continuously introducing clean air for 3-5 min, wherein the pressure of the clean air is 1-1.5 times of standard atmospheric pressure;
the device applied to the method for classifying and screening the particles in the air based on the grids of the particle sizes comprises a screening system, wherein one end of the screening system is connected with an air inlet pipe, a clean air inlet pipe and an air inlet pipe to be tested are branched by the air inlet pipe, a plurality of stages of microcolumns are arranged in the screening system, each stage of microcolumns comprises a plurality of columns of microcolumns, the cross section of each column of microcolumns is integrally trapezoid, and an outlet is arranged at the lower end between each stage of microcolumns;
a collecting device is arranged below the outlet;
the lower ends of each two adjacent stages of microcolumns are provided with a Chinese character 'ji' -shaped blocking structure;
the spacing between each stage of microcolumn is arranged in a mode of gradually decreasing from the air inlet end to the tail end of the screening system.
2. A method for classifying and screening particles in air based on a grid of particle size as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the microcolumn is right trapezoid, and the microcolumn is inclined near the inlet end.
3. A method for classifying and screening particulate matters in air based on a grid of particle size according to claim 1, wherein: the inclined surfaces of each column of microcolumns are integrally on the same plane.
4. A method for classifying and screening particulate matters in air based on a grid of particle size according to claim 1, wherein: the micro columns in every two columns are arranged in a mode of adjustable space.
5. A method for classifying and screening particulate matters in air based on a grid of particle size according to claim 1, wherein: the two microcolumns in the same column are arranged in a mode of uniform space.
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| CN106092669B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-08-09 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of method and apparatus of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size |
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| JP2009031227A (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-02-12 | Kimoto Denshi Kogyo Kk | Device for measuring suspended particular substances |
| JP2011013157A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-20 | Kimoto Denshi Kogyo Kk | Measuring device of suspended particulate matter, and preservation device of the suspended particulate matter |
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