CN106092669B - A kind of method and apparatus of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092669B CN106092669B CN201610604463.8A CN201610604463A CN106092669B CN 106092669 B CN106092669 B CN 106092669B CN 201610604463 A CN201610604463 A CN 201610604463A CN 106092669 B CN106092669 B CN 106092669B
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- air
- microtrabeculae
- screening system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
Abstract
The method for the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size that the invention discloses a kind of, a method of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size, include the following steps: S1: opening check valve, clean air is passed through to screening system by clean air air inlet pipe, cleaning treatment is carried out to screening system；S2: air to be detected is dried；S3: check valve is opened, a certain amount of air to be detected is passed through from the input end of screening system by air intake duct to be measured, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and slid before the microtrabeculae of different spacing in the air to be detected；S4: stopping is passed through the air to be detected, and is passed through clean air from the input end of the screening system, to drive the gas flow forward to be detected；S5: it is exported by collection device from the screening system lower end and collects target particles.The device for the grid sizing screening particulate in air based on partial size that the invention also discloses a kind of.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for screening particulate in air, specially according to the size of desirable particle size to particle
Object carries out classification separation, keeps the separation of particulate matter and analysis more accurate, especially suitable for needing particulate in air by partial size
In terms of cascade sampling.
Background technique
Particulate matter (Particulate Matter, PM) in air refers to solid or liquid particles shape object in air
Matter.The diameter range of PM is 0.1um~200um.According to the diameter of PM, it is however generally that PM can be divided into total suspended particles
(Total Suspended Particles, TSP), coarse granule (Coarse Particulate Matter, PM10) and thin
Grain (Fine Particulate Matter, PM2.5).Total suspended particles are the particulate matter that partial size is less than 100um；Coarse granule is
Partial size is less than the particulate matter of 10um.Fine grained is the particulate matter that partial size is less than 2.5um.Between various countries slightly to the division of particulate matter
Difference.The particulate matter main source of China is dust from land surface, coal combustion, locomotive emissions and other industrial activities and above-mentioned source
The secondary pollution that the original gas pollutant of discharge is generated through Chemical Physics reaction in an atmosphere.In recent years, because of airborne particulate
Gray haze phenomenon caused by the sharp increase of object concentration takes place frequently in several big cities of China, and high particle concentration is bad caused by living to people
Influence end of appearing in the newspapers repeatly.The particulate matter bring harm of high concentration is mainly at 2 aspects: ecological environment destruction and human health damage
Evil.In terms of ecological environment, a large amount of particulate matter falls on the leaf of plant the growth for influencing plant, directly makes crop production reduction
The reduction of income；Particle lands as the nuclei of condensation with rain, changes the pH value of precipitation, changes diversity of organism and ground
Looks.Some researches show that the atmosphere of high concentration particle object even to influence the reproductive system of animal, reduces the fertility-rate of animal.LargelyParticle andThe speed that particle sedimentation makes building be corroded is accelerated, and the life cycle of building is shortened.Due to visible
The wavelength of light is 0.36um~0.78um, therefore the particle that partial size is 0.1um~1um is strong to the scattering process of visible light, high
Visibility of air is greatly lowered in the particulate matter of concentration.Therefore, there are huge traffic to pacify in particle concentration high city
Full hidden danger.Partial size is slow in 1um particulate matter sinking speed below, can retain for a long time in an atmosphere, can be defeated in air motion
It is sent to far place.Therefore, Particulate Pollution is not only deep, of long duration, but also range is wide.In terms of human health, research
Show that even if particle concentration, lower than standard limited value, particulate matter also has detrimental effect, the particulate matter of high concentration to the health of human body
It undoubtedly will seriously damage human health.Have investigation and shows the insulting respiratory system of particulate matter, the circulatory system, siberian crabapple
System, nervous system and reproductive system etc..Therefore, based on the particulate matter in partial size screening air to detailed concrete analysis particulate matter pair
The influence of human health and environment is of great advantage.
Currently, the main method based on the particulate matter in partial size screening air has: (1) filter membrane weight method；(2) light scatters
Method；(3) β ray method；(4) micro concussion sedimentation balance method, etc..Above-mentioned screening result is more coarse, based on partial size simultaneously in air
Particulate matter carry out multiple fractionation screening the temporary nothing of method.
(1) filter membrane weight method (gravimetric method or manual method) extracts a certain amount of volume sky by sampler with constant rate of speed
Gas, the particulate matter in air are throttled on filter membrane, in conjunction with filter membrane weight before sampling after variation and sampled air volume, meter
Calculate concentration.This method is national standard analysis method, it is high-efficient to the retention of particulate matter, and measurement result is accurate, is most straight
It connects, reliable method.Filter membrane weight method is to verify the whether accurate reference of result of other measurement methods.But when air-flow is long
Between when constantly passing through sampling membrane, collected substance will cause volatility with the variation of air-flow and temperature and partly wave on filter membrane
The loss of volatile material, while some superfine small particles still can pass through filter membrane and cause Lower result；On the contrary, other substances
It may be adsorbed by filter membrane, cause result higher；(2) light scattering method due in light in the actual process scattering and particle concentration
Between the factors such as chemical component, form, specific gravity of the relationship by particulate matter influenced, therefore light scattering and particle concentration it
Between reduction formula all becoming whenever and wherever possible, for using light scattering principle instrument need constantly be corrected with standard method, therefore
The technology certainty is not high；(3) basic principle of β ray method is to be released using the particulate matter being deposited on adaptation filter membrane carbon-14
The variation of the measure of the change airborne particulate amount of substance for the β ray attenuation amount put.Surrounding air is adopted by sampling pump through cutter sucking
Sample pipe, into filter membrane after be discharged, and particulate matter is deposited on strip quartz filter, deposits the filter of particulate matter when β ray passes through
When film, Beta-ray intensity decays, and the concentration of particulate matter is calculated by the tester to attenuation.This method is based on 2
It is a it is assumed that one is the quartzy sampling membrane band of instrument is uniform, the second is the PM2.5 particle physics characteristic collected is uniform
(i.e. granular size is consistent, and particulate component is consistent, particle being evenly distributed on filter membrane), to β radiation attenuation rate phase
Together.And above-mentioned 2 points under real world conditions often and invalid, therefore determination data is generally acknowledged to there is also deviation, and this
Detection method is also very high in moist high-temperature area failure rate；(4) micro concussion sedimentation balance method mainly utilizes the micro vibration of conical component
Swing balance principle.Hollow conical pipe in equipment keeps the state of reciprocating vibration, and frequency of oscillation will be with collected by filter membrane
The mass change of particulate matter and change.The quality of particulate matter is obtained by the variation of measurement frequency, obtains sample in conjunction with sample volume
The concentration of product.The advantages of technology is that relationship is clear, the disadvantage is that current technology can not solve volatility and half after sample heating
The loss of volatile materials causes measurement result to be considered relatively low, to be distorted.
For above-mentioned 4 kinds of methods other than above-mentioned described advantage and disadvantage, there are also them all cannot be simultaneously to the particulate matter in air
Accurate multi-stage screening is carried out according to its partial size, this impacts the detection of particulate matter and subsequent analysis.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings that all having for the above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of grid classification based on partial size
The method for sieving the particulate matter in air, to keep the detection and analysis of particulate matter more acurrate reliable.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention: a method of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size,
Include the following steps:
S1: opening check valve, is passed through clean air to screening system by clean air air inlet pipe and carries out to screening system
Cleaning treatment；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: opening check valve, by air intake duct to be measured from the input end of screening system be passed through it is a certain amount of it is described to
Air is detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and slid before the microtrabeculae of different spacing in the air to be detected；
S4: stopping is passed through the air to be detected, and is passed through clean air from the input end of the screening system, with
Drive the gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: it is exported by collection device from the screening system lower end and collects target particles.
In step S4, the time for being continually fed into clean air is 3min-5min, the pressure of the clean air is 1 times-
1.5 times of standard atmospheric pressures.
A kind of device of the grid sizing screening particulate in air based on partial size, including screening system, the screening system
One end of system is connected with air inlet pipe, and there are clean air air inlet pipe and air intake duct to be measured, the screening in the air inlet pipe branch
Internal system is provided with several grades of microtrabeculaes, and every grade of microtrabeculae includes several columns microtrabeculae, the generally fillet square of microtrabeculae described in each column
Shape shape, lower end is provided with outlet between every grade of microtrabeculae.
Collection device is provided with below the outlet.
Microtrabeculae lower end described in per adjacent two-stage is provided with zigzag shape barrier structure.
The cross section of the microtrabeculae is round rectangle.
It is arranged in a manner of adjustable in pitch between every two column microtrabeculae.
Spacing between every grade of microtrabeculae is set in a manner of successively successively decreasing from the inlet port to screening system end
It sets.
It is arranged in such a way that spacing is uniform between two microtrabeculaes described in same column.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the material of (1) screening system of the present invention can use it is a variety of
Smooth and easy to process material, such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) etc..Processing method can be used micro-nano and add
Work technology, such as laser processing, reaction ion deep etching, nano impression；(2) microtrabeculae of the invention uses round rectangle, reduces
Particulate matter hits the breakage of microtrabeculae during the motion, improves the reliability of screening；(3) present invention is by mature micro-nano
Processing technology, it is optional that there are many cross sectional shape, size and the adjacent spacings of microtrabeculae, and micro-pillar array is also easy to disposable large area and adds
Work, time-saving energy-saving section material；(4) it uses multiple rows of microtrabeculae for every grade of the present invention, improves the reliability of classification, every grade of sum of series of screening
Microtrabeculae number of rows can adjust as the case may be；(5) present invention air to be measured and clean air are entered by admission line screens system
System, and collection device is entered by outlet pipe, it wherein is respectively mounted check valve on admission line and outlet pipe, avoids gas
Refluence.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of top view of the device of the grid sizing screening particulate in air based on partial size of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of signal of the device of the grid sizing screening particulate in air based on partial size of the embodiment of the present invention one
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated combined with specific embodiments below.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size, includes the following steps:
S1: check valve 1 is opened, clean air is passed through to screening system 3 to screening system 3 by clean air air inlet pipe 2
Carry out cleaning treatment；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: opening check valve 1, is passed through by air intake duct 4 to be measured from the input end of screening system 3 a certain amount of described
Air to be detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and is slid before the microtrabeculae of different spacing in the air to be detected；
S4: stopping is passed through the air to be detected, and is passed through clean air from the input end of the screening system 3,
To drive the gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: it is exported by collection device from 3 lower end of screening system and collects target particles.
In step S4, the time for being continually fed into clean air is 3min-5min, the pressure of the clean air is 1 times-
1.5 times of standard atmospheric pressures.
A kind of device of the grid sizing screening particulate in air based on partial size, including screening system 3, the screening system
One end of system 3 is connected with air inlet pipe 7, and there are clean air air inlet pipe 2 and air intake duct to be measured 4 in the air inlet pipe branch, described
Screening system 3 is internally provided with several grades of microtrabeculaes, and every grade of microtrabeculae includes several columns microtrabeculae 6, and microtrabeculae 6 described in each column is generally
Rounded rectangle shape, lower end is provided with outlet between every grade of microtrabeculae 6.
It is provided with collection device below the outlet, 6 lower end of microtrabeculae described in every adjacent two-stage is provided with zigzag shape barrier knot
Structure, the cross section of the microtrabeculae 6 are round rectangle.
Spacing between every grade of microtrabeculae is set in a manner of successively successively decreasing from the inlet port to 3 end of screening system
It sets, is arranged in such a way that spacing is uniform between two microtrabeculaes 6 described in same column.
Embodiment one
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of method of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size, includes the following steps:
S1: check valve 1 is opened, clean air is passed through to screening system 3 to screening system 3 by clean air air inlet pipe 2
Carry out cleaning treatment；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: opening check valve 1, is passed through by air intake duct 4 to be measured from the input end of screening system 3 a certain amount of described
Air to be detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and is slid before the microtrabeculae 6 of different spacing in the air to be detected；
S4: stopping is passed through the air to be detected, and is passed through clean air from the input end of the screening system 3,
To drive the gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: it is exported by collection device 8 from 3 lower end of screening system and collects target particles.
In step S4, the time for being continually fed into clean air is 3min, and the pressure of the clean air is 1 times of normal atmosphere
Pressure mainly uses dynamic heat system to complete in drying air to be measured.
A kind of device of the grid sizing screening particulate in air based on partial size, including screening system 3, the screening system
One end of system 3 is connected with air inlet pipe 7, and there are clean air air inlet pipe 2 and air intake duct to be measured 4 in 7 branch of air inlet pipe, described
Screening system 3 is internally provided with three-level microtrabeculae, and every grade of microtrabeculae 6 includes three column microtrabeculaes 6, and microtrabeculae 6 described in each column is generally round
Angle rectangular shape, lower end is provided with outlet between every grade of microtrabeculae.
It is provided with collection device 8 below the outlet, 6 lower end of microtrabeculae described in every adjacent two-stage is provided with zigzag shape barrier knot
Structure 7, the cross section of the microtrabeculae 6 are round rectangle.
It is arranged in a manner of adjustable in pitch between every two column microtrabeculae 6, the spacing between every grade of microtrabeculae 6 is with from institute
Inlet port to the mode that 3 end of screening system is successively successively decreased is stated to be arranged, it is uniformly square with spacing between two microtrabeculaes 6 described in same column
Formula setting.
In the technical solution of present embodiment, in screening system 3,1-3 arranges the spacing d of microtrabeculae 61=10um, grain
The particle of diameter > 10um is stopped and is slid and is sized out；Work of partial size≤10um particle in clean air stream and inertia
Microtrabeculae 6 is arranged with the lower 1-3 that passes through.Similarly, because of the 6 spacing d of microtrabeculae of 4-6 row2The 6 spacing d of microtrabeculae of=2.5um and 7-9 row3=1um,
The particulate matter and partial size 1um-2.5um of partial size 2.5um-10um is successively stopped, and is slid and is collected.Finally, 6 gusts of microtrabeculae can be passed through
Column are only partial size≤1um particulate matter, and therefore, partial size≤1um particulate matter is also come out by natural separation；After certain time length,
Collection device 1-4 is removed, the particle swarm of different-grain diameter range is extracted, then acquisition particulate matter is tested and analyzed.Collect dress
The particle size range for setting collected particle swarm in 1-4 is followed successively by > 10um, 2.5um-10um, 1um-2.5um and≤1um, in addition,
Microtrabeculae lower end described in per adjacent two-stage is provided with zigzag shape barrier structure 7, to prevent the particle swarm of different-grain diameter from obscuring, more
Conducive to collection.
The present invention has the advantage that (1) prepares 6 structure of microtrabeculae with different spacing d, different spacing separation is not
With the particle of size.Spacing type is more, and separation series is more, and particulate matter is separated finer.Such as one institute of examples of implementation
Show and 3 grades of separation are carried out to particulate matter.1-3 row, 4-6 arrange, the spacing d of 7-9 row's microtrabeculae 6 is followed successively by 10um, 2.5um, 1.0um, micro-
The fore-and-aft clearance of column 6 is unified for 20um.High 5um~the 20um of microtrabeculae, cross section are round rectangle, the long 20um of rectangle, the wide 5um of rectangle
~20um, radius of corner are wide 1/2.(2) a certain amount of air to be processed after drying is passed through in screening system 3, gas
Flow velocity degree is determined according to the case where air.After stopping is passed through air to be checked, then it is passed through clean air and continues 3min-5min, it is clean
The pressure of air is 1 times of -1.5 times of standard atmospheric pressure, and be passed through clean air is to make 3 internal gas of screening system in separation process
Keep flow forward.Theoretically, all in the component along inclined-plane after the various sizes of particulate matter in air to be processed is stopped
Under the action of along inclined surface slide and screen diversity in corresponding collection device.Particulate matter is considered as spherical shape, ignore particulate matter it
Between viscous drag, additional tension stress etc..In addition, microtrabeculae 6 can use different section shape and sizes, adjacent two rows microtrabeculae
6 number of rows of microtrabeculae of 6 spacing and same split level can also adjust as the case may be.Different 6 spacing d of microtrabeculae and selection are set
Difference classification type, can get various sizes of particle swarm.
Currently, the main method based on the particulate matter in partial size screening air has: (1) filter membrane weight method；(2) light scatters
Method；(3) β ray method；(4) micro concussion sedimentation balance method, etc..Above-mentioned screening result is more coarse, based on partial size simultaneously in air
Particulate matter carry out multi-stage separation the temporary nothing of method.
For those skilled in the art, it can make other each according to the above description of the technical scheme and ideas
Kind is corresponding to be changed and deforms, and all these change and deform the protection model that all should belong to the claims in the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of the grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size, characterized by the following steps:
S1: check valve is opened, clean air is passed through to screening system by clean air air inlet pipe, screening system is cleaned
Processing；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: opening check valve, is passed through by air intake duct to be measured from the input end of screening system a certain amount of described to be detected
Air, the screening system are internally provided with several grades of microtrabeculaes, and every grade of microtrabeculae includes several columns microtrabeculae, every grade of microtrabeculae
Column microtrabeculae spacing in-between be arranged in a manner of successively successively decreasing from the input end to screening system end, it is described to be checked
Various sizes of particulate matter in air is surveyed to be stopped and slid before the grade microtrabeculae of different spacing；
S4: stopping is passed through the air to be detected, and is passed through clean air from the input end of the screening system, with driving
The gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: it is exported by collection device from the screening system lower end and collects target particles.
2. a kind of method of grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size according to claim 1, feature
Be: in step S4, the time for being continually fed into clean air is 3min-5min, and the pressure of the clean air is 1 times -1.5 times
Standard atmospheric pressure.
3. a kind of device of the method for grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized by comprising screening system, one end of the screening system is connected with air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe branch has cleaning empty
Gas air inlet pipe and air intake duct to be measured, the screening system are internally provided with several grades of microtrabeculaes, if every grade of microtrabeculae includes
Dry column microtrabeculae, the spacing of the column microtrabeculae of every grade of microtrabeculae in-between from the input end to screening system end successively to pass
The mode subtracted is arranged, and microtrabeculae cross section described in each column is rounded rectangle shape, and lower end is provided with outlet between every grade of microtrabeculae.
4. a kind of device of the method for grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size as claimed in claim 3,
It is characterized in that: being provided with collection device below the outlet.
5. a kind of device of the method for grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size as claimed in claim 3,
Be characterized in that: microtrabeculae lower end described in per adjacent two-stage is provided with zigzag shape barrier structure.
6. a kind of device of the method for grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size according to claim 3,
It is characterized by: being arranged in a manner of adjustable in pitch between every two column microtrabeculae.
7. a kind of device of the method for grid classification separation particulate in air based on partial size according to claim 3,
It is characterized by: the column microtrabeculae of every grade of microtrabeculae is arranged in such a way that spacing is uniform in-between.
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| CN107014726B (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2023-12-26 | 北京中欧普瑞科技有限公司 | Air pollutant detection device and air pollutant detection method |
| CN112452762B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-11-23 | 北京工业大学 | Aerosol particle sorting system and method |
| CN112665927B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 南京信息工程大学 | Aerosol particle size-division collecting device and collecting method |
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