CN102589937B - Air monitoring and classified sampling method and device - Google Patents
Air monitoring and classified sampling method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102589937B CN102589937B CN 201210022679 CN201210022679A CN102589937B CN 102589937 B CN102589937 B CN 102589937B CN 201210022679 CN201210022679 CN 201210022679 CN 201210022679 A CN201210022679 A CN 201210022679A CN 102589937 B CN102589937 B CN 102589937B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air monitoring and classified sampling method and a device. Through air suction, air with a certain flow velocity passes by nuclear pore filter membranes which have three levels of different apertures of 10mum, 2.5mum and less than 0.3mum, so particles in the air are accurately trapped on the nuclear pore filter membranes in a classification way according to the sizes of the particles. The device which realizes the method comprises an air suction device, a flow controller and a nuclear pore membrane filter. The device can accurately trap the particles which have different diameters in the classification way through the nuclear pore filter membranes which have three levels of different absolute apertures, the particles are all trapped on the surfaces of the nuclear pore filter membranes and can be effectively eluted, so the further accurate composition and content analysis is benefited, and the effectiveness of a monitoring result is improved; and the nuclear pore membrane filter is a detachable disposable filter which is low in price, simple to operate and convenient to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air monitering cascade sampling method and device.
Background technology
PM2.5 (particles of aerodynamic diameter≤2.5 μ m) can enter lung and is deposited on the alveolar by respiratory tract, and what have can directly enter blood, is the pollutant of serious harm health.Some countries of the U.S. and European Union include PM2.5 in already GB and carry out mandatory restriction, and most countries is still current monitors PM10 (particles of aerodynamic diameter≤10 μ m).Along with the further understanding of people to PM2.5 harm, begin gradually to list it in ambient air monitoring standard.Air monitering sampling apparatus commonly used comprises impact sampler, Cyclonic sampling thief, hydraulic shock formula sampling thief etc., at present in the world the harvester of air monitering is adopted impact sampler more, be widely used because it is simple to operate, cheap.The ultimate principle of above-mentioned sampling apparatus is varying in size according to particle, centrifugal force during by the particle high-speed motion or inertial force effect separate size particles, and be captured respectively plate and miillpore filter are held back, what particle was large is deposited on the entrapment plate, and the miillpore filter that passes through that particle is little captures.Sampling thief according to centrifugal force or the making of inertial force principle design, its major defect is: (1) particle separation out of true, test result is inaccurate: because particle centrifugal force or inertial force principle mainly are to separate by granular mass, and the quality of particle not only depends on grain size, the density that also depends on particle, therefore when sampling, the particle fast when speed, that density is little, particle diameter is large is during greater than the surface adhesion force of entrapment plate, the bulky grain plate that will be captured bounces back into and goes in the air-flow and held back by the miillpore filter of rear end, causes PM2.5 numerical value bigger than normal; On the other hand, the particle that speed is fast, density is large, particle diameter the is little plate that also may be captured is held back, thereby causes PM2.5 numerical value less than normal, and the particle separation out of true has a strong impact on sample test result's accuracy.(2) being difficult to Xian takes off, can't carry out depth analysis: because miillpore filter belongs to the deep layer filter membrane, after PM2.5 is caught by miillpore filter, be adsorbed or be trapped in the deep layer or internal void of film, be difficult to wash-out, can't carry out depth analysis to composition and the content of particle.(3) complex operation, use inconvenience: sample level need be disassembled after the sampling and carry out rear detection, need clean when reusing, complex operation uses inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of air monitering cascade sampling method and device, solve existing air sampling method and device to the particle separation out of true, test result is inaccurate, is difficult to wash-out, can't carries out depth analysis, the problems such as complex operation, use inconvenience.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of air monitering cascade sampling method, and the device of realizing described method is provided.
Air monitering cascade sampling method disclosed by the invention is by bleeding, the air that makes certain flow rate through 10 μ m, 2.5 μ m ,≤nuclear pore filter film of three grades of different pore sizes of 0.3 μ m, with airborne particle by size Accurate Classification be trapped on the nuclear pore filter film.
The invention also discloses a kind of air monitering grading sampling device, comprise air extractor, flow controller and nuclear pore filter film filtrator.
Wherein said nuclear pore filter film filtrator comprises loam cake, nuclear pore filter film, porous bidentate liner, compresses O type circle, seals O type circle, layering joint, base.
The loam cake upper end is provided with air intake opening, and the base lower end is provided with the gas outlet, connects by screw thread or buckle between loam cake, layering joint, the base.
Compressing O type circle and sealing O type loop material is preferably rubber of elasticity.
Described nuclear pore filter film is selected PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or PC (polycarbonate) mylar, adopt high-energy ion irradiation, then through the preparation of suitable chemical etching process and get, three grades of nuclear pore filter film apertures be respectively 10 μ m, 2.5 μ m ,≤0.3 μ m.
The beneficial effect of cascade sampling method of the present invention and device is as follows:
(1) separate accurately: the present invention adopts classified filtering mechanism, separate the particle of different-diameter size by the nuclear pore filter film in three grades of absolute apertures of difference, its mechanism is different from impacting type, Cyclonic and liquid-type impactor and utilizes centrifugal force or inertial force principle to reach the purpose of separating the different quality size particles.Because nuclear pore filter film has cylindric regular passes, aperture homogeneous, the ganoid unique advantage that other film materials all do not possess, and has a thin thickness, chemical stability is good, and the physical strength high is specially adapted to the accurate separation of 0.01～10 μ m range of micropores particle.In gatherer process, to the gas velocity no requirement (NR), " cyclone " or unstable particle bounce-back and the particle that causes of airflow direction that can avoid producing soon because of gas velocity return to the air-flow phenomenon, be conducive to short grained absorption and sedimentation, filter membrane is improved the collecting efficiency of fine particle, separate more accurate.(2) easy wash-out, be convenient to post-processed and analysis: nuclear pore filter film is unique surface filtration film, have cylindric regular passes, aperture homogeneous, ganoid characteristics, the above particle in normal pore size all is trapped within the nuclear pore filter film surface during sampling, the effective particle collected of wash-out, be convenient to further form accurately and content analysis, improve the validity of monitoring result.And other film materials are the spongy irregular pass that irregular pass that fiber interweaving forms or inversion of phases form, and all belong to the in-depth filtration film, and the hole of particle tunicle inside is held back, and is not easy to wash-out, can't form more accurately and content analysis.(3) simple to operate, easy to use: the nuclear pore filter film filtrator of sampling apparatus is particle collector, is detachable disposable use filtrator, and cheap, need to clean when avoiding the traditional sampling device to reuse, the troublesome operation such as assembling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of nucleopore membrane filter among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of nuclear pore filter film among the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
With reference to the accompanying drawings 1, air monitering grading sampling device of the present invention comprises air extractor 1, flow controller 2, nuclear pore filter film filtrator 3.
With reference to the accompanying drawings 2, nuclear pore filter film filtrator 3 comprises loam cake 31, nuclear pore filter film 32, porous bidentate liner 33, compresses O type circle 34, sealing O type circle 35, layering joint 36, base 37.Wherein, nuclear pore filter film 32 is to select PET or PC mylar, adopts high-energy ion irradiation, then gets through suitable chemical etching process preparation.Loam cake 31 is with air intake opening, base 37 is with the gas outlet, two layering joints 36 and base 37 are placed with respectively porous bidentate liner 33, the nuclear pore filter film 32 in three kinds of apertures is placed on respectively on three porous bidentate liners 33, from the air intake opening to the gas outlet, place successively 10 μ m, 2.5 μ m ,≤0.3 μ m nuclear pore filter film, and add at film and to compress O type circle 34, and the screw thread on base is connected or buckle connects each several part by loam cake 31, layering joint 36, and the each several part junction is placed with sealing O type circle 35 to keep impermeability.Air extractor 1 provides power that air is entered in the sampling thief, flow velocity by flow controller 2 control air, the air of certain flow rate enters in the nuclear pore filter film filtrator 3, successively by 10 μ m, 2.5 μ m ,≤filtration of 0.3 μ m nuclear pore filter film 32 holds back gradation, gather respectively 〉=10 μ m, 2.5 μ m～10 μ m ,≤particle of 2.5 μ m.Each sample level can be dismantled, and samples as the single-stage sample level.
Specific embodiment:
Select the PET mylar, adopt high-energy ion irradiation, then make respectively the nuclear pore filter film in 10 μ m, 2.5 μ m, three kinds of apertures of 0.2 μ m through suitable chemical etching process.With the filter membrane in three kinds of apertures by on the descending porous bidentate liner that is placed on successively on two layering joints, the base in aperture, add compression O type circle at film, loam cake, layering joint, each junction of base add sealing O type circle, with loam cake, the layering joint of placing 10 μ m filter membranes, the layering joint of placing 2.5 μ m filter membranes, the base of placing 0.2 μ m filter membrane connects successively and screw, this nuclepore filter is installed on the sampling thief, the adjust flux controller makes air enter nuclepore filter with the flow velocity of 5～15L/min again.Choose arbitrarily three sampled points and sample, record PM10, PM2.5, as shown in table 1.The diameter of the particle of holding back with transmission electron microscope observing sample level at different levels, the particle diameter of particle that each sample level is held back illustrate that this sampling thief can hold back the accurate classification of particle all in grading range.
This sampling thief of table 1 records PM10, PM2.5 value at different sampled points
| Sampled point | PM10(μg/m 3) | PM2.5(μg/m 3) | PM2.5/PM10(％) |
| 1# | 121.3 | 62 | 51 |
| 2# | 117 | 56.2 | 48 |
| 3# | 149.5 | 83.7 | 56 |
The above, it only is preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, any modification, equivalent variations and modification that every foundation technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment all still belong to the scope of patented claim of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. air detection split pole method of sampling, it is characterized in that: the filter membrane in three kinds of apertures is placed on two layering joints successively by the aperture is descending, on the porous bidentate liner on the base, add compression O type circle at film, loam cake, the layering joint, each junction of base adds sealing O type circle, with loam cake, place the layering joint of 10 μ m filter membranes, place the layering joint of 2.5 μ m filter membranes, the base of placement≤0.3 μ m filter membrane connects successively and screws, again this nuclepore filter is installed on the sampling thief, by bleeding, make air enter nuclepore filter with the flow velocity of 5～15L/min, with airborne particle by size Accurate Classification be trapped on the nuclear pore filter film;
The device that described method is used comprises air extractor (1), flow controller (2) and nuclear pore filter film filtrator (3);
Described nuclear pore filter film filtrator (3) comprises loam cake (31), nuclear pore filter film (32), porous bidentate liner (33), compresses O type circle (34), seals O type circle (35), layering joint (36), base (37);
Described loam cake (31) upper end is provided with air intake opening, and base (37) lower end is provided with the gas outlet, connects by screw thread or buckle between loam cake (31), layering joint (36), the base (37);
Described compression O type circle (34) and sealing O type circle (35) material are rubber;
Described nuclear pore filter film (32) is selected PET or PC mylar, adopts high-energy ion irradiation, then through the chemical etching process preparation and get, three grades of nuclear pore filter films (32) aperture be respectively 10 μ m, 2.5 μ m ,≤0.3 μ m.
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| CN 201210022679 CN102589937B (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2012-02-01 | Air monitoring and classified sampling method and device |
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| CN104198227A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 北京工业大学 | Catering source particulate matter and volatile organic compound sampling system |
| CN105092318A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for sampling benzo a pyrene in asphalt tank headspace gas |
| CN105717005A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-06-29 | 广东工业大学 | PM2.5 monitoring method based on particle size |
| CN109187104B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-03-12 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | High-flux deep sea water sampling and graded filtering system |
| CN108956216B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-11-17 | 嘉兴嘉卫检测科技有限公司 | Air particulate matter grading sampling device for environmental monitoring |
| CN109342161B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2024-04-26 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Two-stage multichannel atmospheric acquisition pipeline filtration system |
| CN110243626A (en) * | 2019-05-25 | 2019-09-17 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of practical Atmospheric particulates sampling cutter system and application method |
| CN113532966B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-04-26 | 北京大学 | Automatic multi-stage single-particle impact type sampler and sampling method |
| CN114112560A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-01 | 海南昊霖环保科技有限公司 | Hierarchical sampling method and device for air monitoring |
| CN115561032B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-05-23 | 天津市疾病预防控制中心 | Air collector simulating multi-air-pressure sampling environment |
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| CN88200279U (en) * | 1988-01-06 | 1988-12-14 | 广州半导体材料研究所 | Fine gas filter with kern hole film |
| CN2352949Y (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 1999-12-08 | 李玉国 | Large flow rate atmosphere sampler |
| CN2709035Y (en) * | 2004-07-22 | 2005-07-13 | 浙江大学 | Impact type grading sampler for PM10 and PM2.5 particle in air |
| CN201408132Y (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2010-02-17 | 武汉市碧海云天环保科技有限责任公司 | Intelligent constant current individual air dust sampler |
| CN101766959B (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2012-01-11 | 武汉智迅创源科技发展股份有限公司 | Small-bore nuclear pore filter membrane and production method thereof |
| CN201622187U (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2010-11-03 | 青岛崂山电子仪器总厂有限公司 | Multistage particulate matter cutter |
| CN102284250B (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-04-03 | 武汉智迅创源科技发展股份有限公司 | Composite pore nuclear pore filter membrane and preparation method thereof |
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