CN106290085A - A kind of method and apparatus of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106290085A CN106290085A CN201610601239.3A CN201610601239A CN106290085A CN 106290085 A CN106290085 A CN 106290085A CN 201610601239 A CN201610601239 A CN 201610601239A CN 106290085 A CN106290085 A CN 106290085A
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- air
- particle diameter
- microtrabeculae
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0255—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0272—Investigating particle size or size distribution with screening; with classification by filtering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
Abstract
A kind of method that the invention discloses grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, a kind of method of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, comprise the steps: S1: open check valve, be passed through clean air by clean air air inlet pipe to screening system and be cleaned screening system processing；S2: air to be detected is dried；S3: open check valve, is passed through a certain amount of described air to be detected by air intake duct to be measured from the entrance point of screening system, and in described air to be detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and landing before the microtrabeculae of different spacing；S4: stop being passed through described air to be detected, and be passed through clean air from the described entrance point of described screening system, to drive described gas flow forward to be detected；S5: by collection device from described screening system lower end outlet collection target particles.The invention also discloses the device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method screening particulate in air, be specially the size according to desirable particle size to granule
Thing carries out fractionated, and the separation making particulate matter is more accurate with analysis, is particularly well-suited to need particulate in air by particle diameter
Cascade sampling aspect.
Background technology
Particulate matter (Particulate Matter, PM) in air refers to the solid in air or liquid particles shape thing
Matter.The diameter range of PM is 0.1um～200um.Diameter according to PM, it is however generally that PM can be divided into total suspended particles
(Total Suspended Particles, TSP), coarse granule (Coarse Particulate Matter, PM10) and thin
Grain (Fine Particulate Matter, PM2.5).Total suspended particles is the particulate matter that particle diameter is less than 100um；Coarse granule is
The particle diameter particulate matter less than 10um.Fine grained is the particulate matter that particle diameter is less than 2.5um.Between various countries to the division of particulate matter slightly
Difference.The particulate matter main source of China is dust from land surface, coal combustion, locomotive emissions and other industrial activities and above-mentioned source
The secondary pollution that the original gas pollutant of discharge generate through Chemical Physics reaction in an atmosphere.In recent years, because of airborne particulate
The gray haze phenomenon that the sharp increase of substrate concentration causes takes place frequently in Chinese several big cities, high particle concentration to people life cause bad
Affect the end that appears in the newspapers repeatly.The harm that the particulate matter of high concentration brings is mainly at 2 aspects: environmental destruction and health are damaged
Evil.In terms of ecological environment, substantial amounts of particulate matter falls to affecting the growth of plant on the leaf of plant, directly makes crop production reduction
The reduction of income；Granule lands with rain as the nuclei of condensation, changes the acid-base value of precipitation, changes diversity of organism and ground
Looks.There are some researches show that the air of high concentration particle thing even affects the reproductive system of animal, reduce the fertility rate of animal.In a large numberGranule andThe speed that granule sedimentation makes building be corroded is accelerated, and shortens the life cycle of building.Due to visible
The wavelength of light is 0.36um～0.78um, and therefore particle diameter is that the granule of 0.1um～1um is strong to the scattering process of visible ray, high
The particulate matter of concentration makes the visibility of air be greatly lowered.Therefore, there is huge traffic peace in the city that particle concentration is high
Full hidden danger.Particle diameter is slow in 1um particles below thing sedimentation velocity, can retain in an atmosphere for a long time, can be defeated in air motion
Deliver to far part.Therefore, Particulate Pollution is the most deep, of long duration, and scope is wide.In terms of health, research
Even if showing that particle concentration is less than standard limited value, particulate matter also has detrimental effect to the health of human body, the particulate matter of high concentration
To seriously damage health undoubtedly.Investigate and shown the insulting respiratory system of particulate matter, blood circulation, siberian crabapple
System, nervous system and reproductive system etc..Therefore, based on the particulate matter in particle diameter screening air to concrete analysis particulate matter pair in detail
The impact of health and environment is of great advantage.
At present, main method based on the particulate matter in particle diameter screening air has: (1) filter membrane weight method；(2) light scattering
Method；(3) β ray method；(4) trace concussion sedimentation balance method, etc..Above-mentioned screening result is the most coarse, based on particle diameter simultaneously in air
Particulate matter carry out the temporary nothing of method of multiple fractionation screening.
(1) filter membrane weight method (gravimetric method or manual method) extracts a certain amount of volume sky by sampler with constant rate of speed
Gas, the particulate matter in air is throttled on filter membrane, in conjunction with filter membrane weight before sampling after change and sampled air volume, meter
Calculate concentration.The method is that national standard analyzes method, and it is high that it retains efficiency to particulate matter, and measurement result is accurate, is the most straight
Connect, reliable method.Filter membrane weight method is to verify the result reference the most accurately of other measuring methods.But when air-flow is long
Between constantly by sampling membrane time, the material that filter membrane collects is along with the change of air-flow and temperature can cause volatility and partly waves
The loss of volatile material, some superfine little granules still can cause Lower result through filter membrane simultaneously；On the contrary, other materials are also
May be adsorbed by filter membrane, cause result higher；(2) light scattering method is due at scattering of light in real process and particle concentration
Between relation affected by factors such as the chemical composition of particulate matter, form, proportions, therefore light scattering and particle concentration it
Between reduction formula the most all becoming, correct, therefore with standard method for using the instrument of light scattering principle to need constantly
This technology definitiveness is the highest；(3) ultimate principle of β ray method is to utilize the particulate matter being deposited on adaptation filter membrane to release carbon-14
The change of the measure of the change Atmospheric particulates quality of the β ray attenuation amount put.Surrounding air is sucked by the cleaved device of sampling pump and adopts
Sample pipe, discharges after entering filter membrane, and particulate matter is deposited on strip quartz filter, when β ray is by depositing the filter of particulate matter
During film, Beta-ray intensity decays, by the measure and calculation of attenuation goes out the concentration of particulate matter.This method is based on 2
Individual it is assumed that the quartzy sampling membrane band of first instrument is homogeneous, it two is that the PM2.5 particle physics characteristic collected is homogeneous
(i.e. granular size is consistent, and particulate component is consistent, granule being evenly distributed on filter membrane), to β radiation attenuation rate phase
With.And above-mentioned 2 the most often and are false, therefore determination data is generally acknowledged to there is also deviation, and this
Detection method is the highest in moist high-temperature area fault rate；(4) trace concussion sedimentation balance method is shaken mainly by conical component trace
Swing balance principle.Hollow conical pipe in equipment keeps the state of reciprocating vibration, and its frequency of oscillation is by along with collected by filter membrane
The mass change of particulate matter and change.Obtain the quality of particulate matter by measuring the change of frequency, obtain sample in conjunction with sample volume
The concentration of product.The advantage of this technology is that relation is clear and definite, and shortcoming is that current technology cannot solve volatility and half after sample heating
The loss of volatile material, causes measurement result to be considered on the low side, thus distortion occurs.
Above-mentioned 4 kinds of methods are in addition to above-mentioned described pluses and minuses, and also they can not be simultaneously to the particulate matter in air
Carrying out accurate multi-stage screening according to its particle diameter, detection and the subsequent analysis of particulate matter are impacted by this.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming all having for above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of grid classification based on particle diameter
The method of the particulate matter in screening air, so that the detection of particulate matter and analysis are more accurately and reliably.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention: a kind of method of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter,
Comprise the steps:
S1: open check valve, is passed through clean air by clean air air inlet pipe to screening system and carries out screening system
Cleaning processes；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: open check valve, by air intake duct to be measured from the entrance point of screening system be passed through a certain amount of described in treat
Detection air, in described air to be detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and landing before the microtrabeculae of different spacing；
S4: stop being passed through described air to be detected, and be passed through clean air from the described entrance point of described screening system, with
Drive described gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: by collection device from described screening system lower end outlet collection target particles.
In step S4, the time being continually fed into clean air is 3min-5min, the pressure of described clean air is 1 times-
1.5 times of normal atmospheres.
A kind of device of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, including screening system, described screening system
One end of system connects has air inlet pipe, described air inlet pipe branch to have clean air air inlet pipe and air intake duct to be measured, described screening
Internal system is provided with some grades of microtrabeculaes, and every grade of described microtrabeculae includes some row microtrabeculaes, the overall trapezoidal shape of microtrabeculae described in each column,
Between every grade of described microtrabeculae, lower end is provided with outlet.
It is provided with collection device below described outlet.
Microtrabeculae lower end described in every adjacent two-stage is provided with a few font barrier structure..
The cross section of described microtrabeculae is right-angled trapezium, and described microtrabeculae is inclined plane near described inlet port.
The described inclined plane entirety of each column microtrabeculae is at grade.
Arrange in the adjustable mode of spacing between every two described microtrabeculaes of row.
Spacing between described every grade of microtrabeculae sets in the way of successively decreasing successively to screening system end from described inlet port
Put.
Arrange in the uniform mode of spacing between two microtrabeculaes described in same column.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the material of (1) screening system of the present invention can use multiple
Smooth and be prone to processing material, such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) etc..Processing mode can use micro-nano to add
Work technology, such as Laser Processing, reaction ion deep etching, nano impression etc.；(2) the microtrabeculae cross section of the present invention uses right angle ladder
Shape, utilizes the component along inclined-plane to change the direction of motion of the granule stopped to complete separation process；(3) present invention relies on maturation
Micro-nano technology technology, it is disposable big that the cross sectional shape of microtrabeculae, size and adjacent spacing have plurality of optional, micro-pillar array to be also easy to
Area is processed, time-saving energy-saving material-saving；(4) present invention every grade uses multiple rows of microtrabeculae, improves the reliability of classification, sieves sum of series
The microtrabeculae row of every grade can adjust as the case may be；(5) present invention air to be measured and clean air are entered by admission line
Screening system, and enter collection device by outlet pipe, wherein it is respectively mounted check valve on admission line and outlet pipe, it is to avoid
The refluence of gas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the top view of the device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the I Local map of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the signal of the device of the embodiment of the present invention one one kinds grid based on particle diameter sizing screening particulate in air
Figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1-2, a kind of method of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, including walking as follows
Rapid:
S1: open check valve 1, is passed through clean air to screening system 3 by clean air air inlet pipe 2 to screening system 3
It is cleaned processing；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: open check valve 1, is passed through a certain amount of described by air intake duct 4 to be measured from the entrance point of screening system 3
Air to be detected, in described air to be detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and landing before the microtrabeculae of different spacing；
S4: stop being passed through described air to be detected, and be passed through clean air from the described entrance point of described screening system 3,
To drive described gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: by collection device from described screening system 3 lower end outlet collection target particles.
In step S4, the time being continually fed into clean air is 3min-5min, the pressure of described clean air is 1 times-
1.5 times of normal atmospheres.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, including screening system 3, described screening system
One end of system 3 connects has air inlet pipe 7, described air inlet pipe branch to have clean air air inlet pipe 2 and air intake duct to be measured 4, described
Screening system 3 is internally provided with some grades of microtrabeculaes, and every grade of described microtrabeculae includes some row microtrabeculaes 6, microtrabeculae 6 entirety described in each column in
Trapezoidal shape, between every grade of described microtrabeculae 6, lower end is provided with outlet.
Being provided with collection device below described outlet, microtrabeculae 6 lower end described in every adjacent two-stage is provided with a few font and intercepts knot
Structure, the cross section of described microtrabeculae 6 is right-angled trapezium, and described microtrabeculae is inclined plane 9 near described inlet port.
Described inclined plane 9 entirety of each column microtrabeculae 6 is at grade, adjustable with spacing between every two described microtrabeculaes 6 of row
Mode arrange, the spacing between described every grade of microtrabeculae is with the side successively decreased successively to screening system 3 end from described inlet port
Formula is arranged, and arranges in the uniform mode of spacing described in same column between two microtrabeculaes 6.
Embodiment one
As Figure 1-3, a kind of method of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, including walking as follows
Rapid:
S1: open check valve 1, is passed through clean air to screening system 3 by clean air air inlet pipe 2 to screening system 3
It is cleaned processing；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: open check valve 1, is passed through a certain amount of described by air intake duct 4 to be measured from the entrance point of screening system 3
Air to be detected, in described air to be detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and landing before the microtrabeculae 6 of different spacing；
S4: stop being passed through described air to be detected, and be passed through clean air from the described entrance point of described screening system 3,
To drive described gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: by collection device 8 from described screening system 3 lower end outlet collection target particles.
In step S4, the time being continually fed into clean air is 3min, and the pressure of described clean air is 1 times of standard atmosphere
Pressure, mainly uses dynamic heat system to complete when being dried air to be measured.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, including screening system 3, described screening system
One end of system 3 connects air inlet pipe 7, and there are clean air air inlet pipe 2 and air intake duct to be measured 4 in described air inlet pipe 7 branch, described
Screening system 3 is internally provided with three grades of microtrabeculaes, and every grade of described microtrabeculae 6 includes three row microtrabeculaes 6, and described in each column, microtrabeculae 6 entirety is ladder
Shape, between every grade of described microtrabeculae, lower end is provided with outlet.
Being provided with collection device 8 below described outlet, microtrabeculae 6 lower end described in every adjacent two-stage is provided with a few font and intercepts knot
Structure 7, the cross section of described microtrabeculae 6 is right-angled trapezium, and described microtrabeculae 6 is inclined plane 9 near described inlet port.
The described inclined plane entirety of each column microtrabeculae 6 is at grade, adjustable with spacing between every two described microtrabeculaes 6 of row
Mode is arranged, and the spacing between described every grade of microtrabeculae 6 is in the way of successively decreasing successively to screening system 3 end from described inlet port
Arrange, arrange in the uniform mode of spacing between two microtrabeculaes 6 described in same column.
In the technical scheme of this detailed description of the invention, in screening system 3, spacing d of 1-3 row's microtrabeculae 61=10um, grain
The granule of footpath ＞ 10um is stopped.Each microtrabeculae 6 near-space gas entrance point is inclined plane, and often the inclined plane 9 of row's microtrabeculae 6 is same flat
On face, and inclination angle is 10 °-45 °.Therefore after the granule stopped touches with inclined plane, in the effect of the component along inclined plane 9
Lower it is sized out along inclined plane landing；The granule of particle diameter≤10um passes 1-3 under the effect of clean air stream and inertia
Row's microtrabeculae 6.In like manner, because of microtrabeculae 6 spacing d of 4-6 row2Microtrabeculae 6 spacing d of=2.5um and 7-9 row3=1um, particle diameter 2.5um-
Particulate matter and the particle diameter 1um-2.5um of 10um are stopped successively, landing and collect.Finally, can be through the only grain of microtrabeculae 6 array
The particulate matter of footpath≤1um, therefore, the particulate matter of particle diameter≤1um is also by natural separation out；After certain time length, take off collection dress
Put 1-4, extract the particle swarm of different-grain diameter scope, then acquisition particulate matter is carried out detection and analyze.Collection device 1-4 is received
The particle size range of the particle swarm of collection is followed successively by ＞ 10um, 2.5um-10um, 1um-2.5um and≤1um, it addition, every adjacent two-stage
Described microtrabeculae lower end is provided with a few font barrier structure 7, to prevent the particle swarm of different-grain diameter from obscuring, is more conducive to collect.
Present invention have the advantage that (1) prepares microtrabeculae 6 structure with different spacing d, different spacing separates not
Granule with size.Spacing kind is the most, separates progression the most, and particulate matter is separated the finest.Such as examples of implementation one institute
Show and particulate matter is carried out 3 grades of separation.1-3 row, 4-6 row, spacing d of 7-9 row's microtrabeculae 6 are followed successively by 10um, 2.5um, 1.0um, micro-
Before and after post 6, spacing is unified for 20um.The high 5um-20um of microtrabeculae 6, cross section is right-angled trapezium, trapezoidal high 5um-20um, first
The long bottom side length 20um of the right-angled trapezium cross section of row microtrabeculae 6.Each microtrabeculae 6 near-space gas entrance point is inclined plane, each column microtrabeculae 6
Inclined plane 9 at grade, inclination angle is 10 °-45 °；(2) a certain amount of pending air after drying is passed through sieve
Selecting in system 3, air velocity is fixed according to the situation of air.After stopping being passed through air to be checked, then it is passed through clean air and continues
3min-5min, the pressure of pure air is 1 times of-1.5 times of normal atmosphere, and be passed through clean air is to make to sieve in separation process
System 3 internal gas is selected to keep flow forward.In theory, after the various sizes of particulate matter in pending air is stopped all
Diversity is screened in corresponding collection device along inclined plane landing under the effect along the component on inclined-plane.Particulate matter is considered as ball
Shape, ignores the viscous drag between particulate matter, additional tension stress etc..Additionally, microtrabeculae 6 can use different cross sectional shapes and chi
Very little, the spacing of adjacent two row's microtrabeculaes 6 and microtrabeculae 6 row of same split level adjust also dependent on concrete condition.Difference is set
Microtrabeculae 6 spacing d and the different classification kinds of selection, can obtain various sizes of particle swarm.
At present, main method based on the particulate matter in particle diameter screening air has: (1) filter membrane weight method；(2) light scattering
Method；(3) β ray method；(4) trace concussion sedimentation balance method, etc..Above-mentioned screening result is the most coarse, based on particle diameter simultaneously in air
Particulate matter carry out the temporary nothing of method of multiple stage separation.
For a person skilled in the art, can technical scheme as described above and design, make other each
Plant corresponding change and deformation, and all these changes and deforms the protection model that all should belong to the claims in the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
S1: open check valve, is passed through clean air by clean air air inlet pipe to screening system and is cleaned screening system
Process；
S2: air to be detected is dried；
S3: open check valve, is passed through a certain amount of described to be detected by air intake duct to be measured from the entrance point of screening system
Air, in described air to be detected, various sizes of particulate matter is stopped and landing before the microtrabeculae of different spacing；
S4: stop being passed through described air to be detected, and be passed through clean air from the described entrance point of described screening system, to drive
Described gas flow forward to be detected；
S5: by collection device from described screening system lower end outlet collection target particles.
The method of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter the most according to claim 1, its feature
Being: in step S4, the time being continually fed into clean air is 3min-5min, and the pressure of described clean air is 1 times-1.5 times
Normal atmosphere.
A kind of device of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, its feature
Being: include screening system, one end of described screening system connects has air inlet pipe, described air inlet pipe branch to have clean air air inlet
Pipe and air intake duct to be measured, described screening system is internally provided with some grades of microtrabeculaes, and every grade of described microtrabeculae includes that some row are micro-
Post, the overall trapezoidal shape of microtrabeculae described in each column, between every grade of described microtrabeculae, lower end is provided with outlet.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, its feature exists
In: it is provided with collection device below described outlet.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, its feature exists
In: microtrabeculae lower end described in every adjacent two-stage is provided with a few font barrier structure.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter, its feature exists
In: the cross section of described microtrabeculae is right-angled trapezium, and described microtrabeculae is inclined plane near described inlet port.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter the most according to claim 3, its feature
It is: the described inclined plane entirety of each column microtrabeculae is at grade.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter the most according to claim 3, its feature
It is: arrange in the adjustable mode of spacing between every two described microtrabeculaes of row.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter the most according to claim 3, its feature
It is: the spacing between described every grade of microtrabeculae is arranged in the way of successively decreasing successively to screening system end from described inlet port.
The device of a kind of grid sizing screening particulate in air based on particle diameter the most according to claim 3, its feature
It is: arrange in the uniform mode of spacing between two microtrabeculaes described in same column.
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| CN107314959A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-11-03 | 朱慧珑 | Particulate separation and measurement apparatus |
| CN107560986A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 合肥福瞳光电科技有限公司 | A kind of multichannel PM2.5 detection means |
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| CN107560986A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 合肥福瞳光电科技有限公司 | A kind of multichannel PM2.5 detection means |
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| CN106290085B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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