CN115474529B

CN115474529B - Matrix, nutrient solution and seedling raising method for spring early-stage peppers

Info

Publication number: CN115474529B
Application number: CN202211278401.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张萌; 刘彦伶; 魏全全; 芶久兰; 柳玲玲; 顾小凤; 刘藜
Original assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER
Current assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER
Priority date: 2022-10-19
Filing date: 2022-10-19
Publication date: 2023-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-19
Also published as: CN115474529A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and particularly relates to a matrix, nutrient solution and seedling raising method for spring early peppers. The technical scheme of the invention is a matrix and nutrient solution suitable for spring early-maturing peppers in medium-high altitude areas. Adding earthworms into fresh vinasse, carrying out combined fermentation for 20 days, separating earthworms after fermentation, and drying the vinasse to obtain dry-base vinasse; fully and uniformly mixing the dry-base vinasse, the seaweed powder, the tobacco foam biochar, the vermiculite and the perlite to obtain a seedling substrate; extracting fresh tea leaves and radix et rhizoma Thalictri Elatae with water to obtain nutrient solution A; adding pepper leaves and mugwort leaves into an alcohol water solution for leaching to obtain a nutrient solution B, and adding the nutrient solution A, the nutrient solution B, hydrogen peroxide, urea and potassium fulvate into water to obtain a nutrient solution C, namely the nutrient solution of the invention. The invention aims to solve the problems of low seedling emergence rate and long seedling time of the spring early peppers in the middle-high altitude areas.

Description

Matrix, nutrient solution and seedling raising method for spring early-stage peppers

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and particularly relates to a matrix, nutrient solution and seedling raising method for spring early peppers.

Background

The open-air capsicum is the most distinctive and advantageous cash crop in the karst mountain area of Guizhou, and the planting scale, the processing yield value and the market distribution scale of Guizhou capsicum are all first in the country at present, so that the open-air capsicum is one of the dominant industries of Guizhou 12 major features and is also one of the high-quality capsicum production areas recognized in the country. However, because the geographical location of Guizhou, weather environment, altitude and other climates are special, for example, 1-3 months of low temperature and raininess, daily time period, 3 months of late or 4 months of early days often show the phenomenon of ' cold in the spring or ' sudden drop in air temperature ', so that the seedling raising time of most of open-air peppers is about 3 months of late, and the transplanting time of pepper seedlings is about 4 months of early to 5 months of early days, which is a big obstacle for the early marketing of open-air peppers and the increase of economic benefits of farmers.

The seedling raising is an important link of early-stage open-air pepper cultivation in spring, and the seedling raising period is often influenced by severe weather such as low temperature continuous overcast and rainy weather, so that the growth of open-air pepper seedlings is seriously influenced, and even the phenomena of freezing injury, dead seedlings, seedling destruction and the like occur, especially in medium-high altitude areas (800-1500 m) in Guizhou, and the phenomenon is more obvious. The existing open-air pepper seedling raising technology aiming at the middle and high altitude areas is mainly suitable for 3-month middle and late ten-day seedling raising and 4-month middle and late ten-day transplanting and 5-month early ten-day transplanting, and the existing seedling raising substrate and seedling raising method cannot realize early spring cultivation and planting of open-air peppers. Therefore, a seedling raising method specially aiming at spring early peppers in medium-high altitude areas is urgently needed, and not only comprises proper seedling raising matrixes and nutrient solution, but also needs a series of management measures such as special floating seedling raising technology, strong seedling raising quality improving technology after transplanting and the like, so that the seedling raising time of the spring early peppers can be greatly shortened, the seedling raising time of the peppers is shortened, the early sowing, transplanting and marketing of the peppers are ensured, the seedling emergence rate, the survival rate, the health index and the pepper seedling stress resistance of the spring early peppers can be ensured, the seedling loss is reduced, and the strong seedlings are ensured to be cultivated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the spring early pepper seedling emergence rate in the middle-high altitude area is low and the seedling time is long.

The technical scheme of the invention is a matrix and nutrient solution suitable for spring early-maturing peppers in medium-high altitude areas, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

step s1, preparing a matrix: adding earthworm into fresh distiller's grains, fermenting for 20 days, and adding glucose aqueous solution at 3 rd, 7 th, 10 th and 14 th days; separating earthworms after fermentation is completed, and drying the distillers 'grains to obtain dry-base distillers' grains; fully and uniformly mixing the dry-base vinasse, the seaweed powder, the tobacco foam biochar, the vermiculite and the perlite to obtain a seedling substrate; the mass ratio of the earthworms to the fresh vinasse is 10-20 kg, the weight ratio of the earthworms to the fresh vinasse is 400-600 kg, the adding amount of the glucose aqueous solution is 15-25L/time, and the mass ratio of the glucose in the glucose aqueous solution is 2.0-4.0%; the mass ratio of the distillers' grains on a dry basis, the seaweed powder, the tobacco foam charcoal, the vermiculite and the perlite is 250-350:130-170:80-120:20-40:15-25;

step s2, preparing a nutrient solution: adding fresh tea leaves and the tremella root into purified water, boiling for 1-2 hours at high temperature, and filtering to obtain a nutrient solution A, wherein the dosage ratio of the fresh tea leaves to the tremella root to the purified water is 6-10 kg:6-10 kg:100L; adding the pepper leaves and the mugwort leaves into an alcohol aqueous solution for leaching for 4-8 hours to obtain a nutrient solution B, wherein the alcohol mass ratio of the alcohol aqueous solution is 20.0-30.0%, and the dosage ratio of the pepper leaves, the mugwort leaves and the alcohol aqueous solution is 4-6 kg:4-6 kg:100L; adding the nutrient solution A, the nutrient solution B, hydrogen peroxide, urea and potassium fulvate into water to obtain a nutrient solution C, namely the nutrient solution of the invention; the nutrient solution C is prepared from 8.0-12.0L of nutrient solution A, 4.0-8.0L of nutrient solution B, 3.0-5.0L of hydrogen peroxide, 1.0-1.5 kg of urea and 1.5-2.5 kg of potassium fulvate by adding into 200L of tap water.

In step s1, the earthworms are subjected to adaptive culture before fermentation, and the specific operation is as follows: spreading fresh cow dung, spreading earthworm, covering straw, and culturing for 10 days; spraying acidic fermentation liquor every day for 10 days from 11 days; separating earthworms to obtain earthworms suitable for an acidic environment; the mass ratio of the fresh cow dung to the earthworms is 400-600:10-15; the acidic fermentation liquor is an aqueous solution with the following mass ratio: 40.0 to 60.0 percent of vinasse percolate, 5.0 to 8.0 percent of urea, 3.0 to 5.0 percent of glucose and 2.0 to 4.0 percent of lactobacillus, and the spraying amount of the acid fermentation liquid is 0.3 to 0.5L/m ² 。

Preferably, the mass ratio of fresh cow dung to earthworms is 500:12.

Preferably, the acidThe sexual fermentation liquid is an aqueous solution with the following mass ratio: 50.0% distillers' grains leachate, 6.0% urea, 4.0% glucose, and 3.0% lactic acid bacteria; the spraying amount is 0.4L/m ² 。

Specifically, in step s1, the mass ratio of the earthworms to the fresh distillers' grains is 12 kg:500 kg, the adding amount of the glucose aqueous solution is 20L/time, and the mass ratio of the glucose in the glucose aqueous solution is 3.0%.

Further, in step s1, the mass ratio of the distillers grains on a dry basis, the seaweed powder, the tobacco foam biochar, the vermiculite and the perlite is 300:150:100:30:20.

Specifically, in step s2, during the preparation process of the nutrient solution a: the dosage of fresh tea, herba Potentillae Anserinae and purified water is 8 kg/100L; the boiling time was 1.5h.

In particular, in step s2, during the preparation of nutrient solution B: the alcohol mass ratio in the alcohol aqueous solution is 25.0%, and the dosage ratio of the pepper leaves, the mugwort leaves and the alcohol aqueous solution is 5 kg:5 kg:100L; leaching time is 6h.

In step s2, the nutrient solution C is prepared from 10.0L of nutrient solution A, 6.0L of nutrient solution B, 4.0L of hydrogen peroxide, 1.3kg of urea and 2.0kg of potassium fulvate by adding into 200L of water.

The invention also provides a method for culturing seedlings by adopting the matrix and the nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps:

step s3, seed disinfection: primary soaking and sterilizing the pepper seeds, airing, secondary soaking and sterilizing, and airing; the disinfection solution for primary disinfection is an aqueous solution containing 0.5-1.5% of copper sulfate and 0.05-0.15% of potassium permanganate in mass ratio; the secondary disinfection disinfectant is an aqueous solution containing 0.05 to 0.15 percent of potassium permanganate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of allicin, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of pyraclostrobin and 0.05 to 0.15 percent of streptomycin by mass ratio; the soaking disinfection time is 25-35 min each time; naturally airing for 2 hours at 25-30 ℃ each time;

Step s4, low-temperature strengthening of seeds: placing the sterilized pepper seeds in a low-temperature storage box at the temperature of minus 15 ℃ to minus 5 ℃ for 3 days, then taking out and placing in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ for 1 day, and repeating for 3 to 5 times to obtain the pepper seeds after low-temperature reinforcement;

step 5, sowing and sprouting: filling a substrate into 72-hole cave trays every year for 2 months, then putting the capsicum seeds in the step s4 into cave holes, sowing 1 capsicum seed in each cave hole, after all cave trays are well filled, laying the cave trays, placing the cave trays on a floating seedling bed, adding tap water to enable the water surface height to be 2-3 cm, and then spraying a germination accelerating agent, wherein the germination accelerating agent is an aqueous solution containing 0.01-0.03% of gibberellin, 0.01-0.03% of thiourea, 0.03-0.05% of benzylaminopurine, 0.02-0.04% of naphthylacetic acid, 0.01-0.03% of nicotinic acid and 0.03-0.05% of trichoderma harzianum powder according to the mass ratio, and the spraying amount of each cave tray is 80-120 mL;

step S6, seedling strengthening: the nutrient solution C is added into the floating seedling bed for the first time at the 3 rd day after the germination accelerating agent is sprayed, and the addition amount is 250-350L/100 m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seeds germinate and come out completely, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed with the addition amount of 300-400L/100 m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into a floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 350-450L/100 m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into a floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 400-500L/100 m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedling leaves, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.06-0.08L; when the pepper seedlings grow to 8 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.12-0.16L; transplanting when the pepper seedlings grow to 10 leaves and 1 heart; the stress-resistant nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.05 to 0.07 percent of seaweed polyphenol, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of brown alginate oligosaccharides, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of alginic acid, 0.05 to 0.07 percent of coronatine, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of chlormequat chloride, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of brassinolide and 0.001 to 0.003 percent of pollen polysaccharide according to the mass ratio;

step s7, strong seedling quality improvement: irrigating strong seedling quality-improving root-irrigating liquid to the root of the pepper seedling at the 3 rd and 7 th days after the pepper seedling is transplanted, wherein the irrigation amount is 0.1-0.15L/plant; the seedling strengthening and quality improving root irrigation liquid contains mannitol 0.01-0.03 wt%, betaine 0.01-0.03 wt%, chitosan 0.03-0.05 wt% and chitosan 0.0 wt% 4 to 0.06 percent of polyglutamic acid and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of H ₂ O ₂ And 0.04 to 0.08% of Streptomyces defoliatus.

In step s3, the primary disinfectant is an aqueous solution containing 1.0% of copper sulfate and 0.1% of potassium permanganate in mass ratio; the secondary disinfectant is an aqueous solution containing 0.1% of potassium permanganate, 0.2% of allicin, 0.3% of pyraclostrobin and 0.1% of streptomycin in mass ratio; the soaking disinfection time is 30min each time.

In particular, in step s4, the low temperature storage tank temperature is-10 ℃, the constant temperature incubator temperature is 25 ℃, and the process is repeated 4 times.

In the step s5, the germination accelerating agent is an aqueous solution containing 0.02% of gibberellin, 0.02% of thiourea, 0.04% of benzylaminopurine, 0.03% of naphthylacetic acid, 0.02% of nicotinic acid and 0.04% of trichoderma harzianum powder in a mass ratio, and the spraying amount of each plug is 100mL.

In step s6, the stress-resistant nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.06% of algal polyphenol, 0.045% of brown alginate oligosaccharides, 0.05% of alginic acid, 0.06% of coronatine, 0.02% of chlormequat chloride, 0.03% of brassinolide and 0.002% of pollen polysaccharide.

In particular, in the step s7, the strong seedling quality-improving root-irrigating solution contains 0.02% mannitol, 0.02% betaine, 0.04% chitosan, 0.05% polyglutamic acid and 0.3% H by mass ₂ O ₂ And 0.06% of an aqueous solution of Streptomyces defoliatus, the watering amount was 0.12L/strain.

Further, in step s6, the first nutrient solution C is added in an amount of 300L/100m ² (floating seedling bed area); the addition amount of the nutrient solution C is 350L/100m when the seedlings are completely emerged ² (floating seedling bed area); the addition amount of nutrient solution C is 400L/100m when the leaf is 2 and the core is 1 ² (floating seedling bed area); the addition amount of nutrient solution C is 450L/100m when the leaf is 1 heart ² (floating seedling bed area); 6-leaf stress-resistant nutrient solution spraying amount of 1 heart is 0.07L/100m ² (floating seedling bed area); the spraying amount of the stress-resistant nutrient solution is 0.14L/100m when the leaves are 1 heart ² (Floating seedling bed area).

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The earthworms like neutral or alkaline environment and are difficult to adapt to acidic environment, and the method can induce the earthworms to adapt to the polar acid environment rapidly by the adaptive culture of the earthworms, so that the activity and reproductive capacity of the earthworms in the acidic environment are improved, and the decomposition degree and the fermentation degree of acidic materials are ensured and improved.

(2) The fresh distillers' grains contain rich crude proteins, crude starch, crude fats and crude fibers, and a certain amount of organic matters such as alcohols, acids, esters, a small amount of aldehydes and the like generated by fermentation of brewing microorganisms, and the existence of the organic matters is not suitable for growth of earthworms. By using the earthworms subjected to the acid adaptive culture to treat the fresh distillers 'grains, the fresh distillers' grains with extremely strong acid can be quickly decomposed and activated, and simultaneously, the harmful substances such as aldehydes, acids, alcohols and the like in the fresh distillers 'grains can be removed, so that the decomposition degree and the fermentation degree of the fresh distillers' grains are improved. Meanwhile, the special seedling raising matrix prepared from the distillers' grains on a dry basis, seaweed meal, tobacco foam biochar, vermiculite and perlite cannot realize 100% emergence rate of pepper seeds, can improve the activity of the seeds, and avoids the occurrence of no emergence or weak seedlings.

(3) The nutrient solution prepared from fresh tea leaves, tremella root, pepper leaves, mugwort leaves and the like contains various large, medium and trace nutrient elements, and also contains various active substances such as tea polyphenol, amino acid, houttuynin, phenolic substances, vitamins and the like, so that the effect of improving the antibacterial and disease and pest resistance effects of crops while meeting the requirement of the growth of the crops can be achieved. Tea polyphenol is a natural antioxidant, has remarkable antioxidation effect, and has strong-effect low-toxicity antibacterial capability. Houttuynin has obvious antibacterial effect on various bacteria, acid-fast bacillus and fungi. The pepper leaves are rich in nutrients such as cellulose, fat, protein, carbohydrate, phenols, vitamins and the like, and minerals such as calcium, iron, phosphorus and the like, so that the nutritional requirements of crops can be ensured, and the stress resistance and photosynthetic capacity of the crops can be improved. The mugwort leaf contains rich volatile oil, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, eucalyptol, polysaccharides, trace elements and the like, has wide antiviral and antibacterial effects, can promote plant growth and development, and improves crop stress resistance.

(4) The pepper seeds can effectively remove harmful viruses or harmful microorganisms on the surfaces of the seeds through a double disinfection method, the source of the seeds can be ensured to be clean and pure, meanwhile, the pepper seeds can improve the activity of the seeds under the low-temperature condition through low-temperature strengthening, the seeds can germinate and emerge rapidly in a low-temperature environment, and the emergence time is shortened.

(4) The germination accelerating agent disclosed by the invention not only contains various nutrients, but also contains beneficial microorganisms, so that the matrix micro-ecological environment can be improved while the seeds can be germinated and seedlings can be quickly emerged, and the damage of harmful microorganisms is avoided. Gibberellin can promote synthesis of DNA and RNA, increase activity of DNA template, increase activity of DNA and RNA polymerase and chromosome acid protein, induce synthesis of alpha-amylase, lipase synthase, protease and other enzymes, increase or activate beta-amylase, invertase and isocitrate lyase, increase content of free auxin, delay chloroplast decomposition, increase cell membrane permeability, promote cell growth and elongation, and accelerate flow of assimilates and stored matters. Thiourea can inhibit plant active thiourea and hydroxylamine and the like, can inhibit the activity of catalase in plants, and the catalase generally blocks the germination of seeds, so that the thiourea treatment of certain seeds has the effects of breaking dormancy and promoting germination, and after the thiourea is absorbed by the leaves with weak cytokinin, the leaf senescence can be delayed, the fixation of CO in the dark can be promoted, and the leaf photosynthesis efficiency can be increased and the yield can be increased when the cereal crop is grouted. The benzylaminopurine has the functions of inhibiting the decomposition of chlorophyll, nucleic acid and protein in plant leaf, protecting green, preventing senility, transferring amino acid, auxin and inorganic salt to treatment site, promoting plant cell growth, inhibiting the degradation of plant chlorophyll, raising amino acid content, delaying leaf senility, etc. The naphthalene acetic acid has the action characteristics and physiological functions of endogenous auxin indole acetic acid, such as promotion of cell division and expansion, induction of adventitious roots, increase of fruit setting, prevention of fruit drop, change of female and male flower proportion, promotion of prematurity and yield increase, and can also enhance drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, salt and alkali resistance and dry hot air resistance of crops, and the naphthalene acetic acid can enter plants through tender skin and seeds of leaves and branches and is transported to acting parts along with nutrient flow. Nicotinic acid is a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and low-toxicity plant-induced hormone, has multiple functions of systemic conduction, prevention, protection and treatment, and the like, plays a role in inhibiting biosynthesis of sterols, has systemic conduction in plants, activates plant disease-resistant gene expression by adopting a gene induction technology, and has strong systemic property, good quick action and long lasting period. Trichoderma harzianum is able to grow around the plant root and form a "boot" to prevent infestation by root pathogenic fungi. The microbial inoculum can secrete enzyme and antibiotics substances, decompose cell walls of pathogenic fungi, stimulate plant end cells to grow and develop by biological enzyme and active substances secreted by trichoderma harzianum, promote crop growth, rejuvenate weak seedlings and repair damaged cells, can phagocytose harmful bacteria sources in crop roots and plants, occupy living spaces of harmful bacteria, enable exhaustion and degeneration, can not be stored in the crops, inhibit propagation of soil-borne harmful bacteria at the roots, enable hyphae to surround whole spores after trichoderma harzianum contacts with harmful bacteria sacs, enable the tail ends of the harmful hyphae to coarsen and crack, absorb nutrients of the harmful bacteria, and destroy inhalation channels of the harmful bacteria, so that the harmful bacteria cannot be stored on crops for propagation.

(5) The stress-resistant nutrient solution contains various medium trace elements and growth regulators which are necessary for plants, can promote rooting and sprouting, excite the defensive power of crops, strengthen the growth vigor of the plants, improve the photosynthesis of the plants, improve the cold resistance, waterlogging resistance and the like of the crops, excite the defensive power and the penetration protection function of the crops, and has a very strong inhibition effect on various common pathogenic bacteria. The seaweed polyphenol is a growth regulator, can promote rooting and sprouting, excite the defensive power of crops, strengthen the plant growth vigor, improve the photosynthesis of the plants, and has the effects of improving yellowing, swelling, sweetening, increasing the trace element content of fruits and reducing the pesticide residue of the crops. The brown algae oligosaccharide can activate salicylic acid and jasmonic acid immune system, can resist bacteria and viruses, can induce plants to synthesize abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, enhance stress resistance, induce plants to synthesize auxin, and rapidly root and germinate. Alginic acid is a natural biological agent, and contains natural compound such as sodium alginate which is a natural soil conditioner, and can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the internal pore space of soil, coordinate the proportion of solid, liquid and gas in soil, restore the balance of natural colloid lost due to excessive load and chemical pollution of soil, increase the biological activity of soil and promote the release of nutrients. Alginic acid can also directly increase organic matter in soil or increase biological effectiveness of soil by plants, and various beneficial microorganisms in soil can act as catalysts in plant and microorganism metabolite circulation. The alginic acid can reduce the surface tension of water, form a layer of film on the plant surface, increase the contact area, make the water-soluble substance penetrate stem leaf surface cell membrane and get into the plant cell relatively easily, make the plant absorb the nutrient composition effectively, therefore if the seaweed liquid fertilizer is used with insecticide, bactericide and chemical fertilizer mixedly, the effect is better, can reduce the spray cost, have synergistic effect to pesticide and chemical fertilizer. Coronatine can induce plants to generate resistance factors by regulating the growth functions of the plants, improves the resistance of the plants, can play a role only by extremely low concentration, lightens the damage of crops in adverse environments such as low temperature, high temperature, salt and alkali, drought and the like, and avoids the natural environment change and the excessive influence of disasters on the normal growth of the crops. Brassinolide can promote cell division, and has promotion effect on transverse growth and longitudinal growth of organs, so that the brassinolide plays a role in expanding fruits, can delay leaf senescence, prolong green retention time, strengthen chlorophyll synthesis, improve photosynthesis, promote leaf color deepening to become green, break top end advantages, promote lateral bud germination, promote differentiation of conductive buds, promote lateral branch generation, increase branch number, increase flower number and pollen fertility, and further, the brassinolide can improve the quality of crops and the commodity. Inducing parthenocarpy, stimulating ovary expansion, preventing flower and fruit drop, promoting protein synthesis, and increasing sugar content. Pollen polysaccharides are capable of inducing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in a variety of plants, which act as important signal molecules in plants and play an important role in mediating plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. Multiple groups of stress tests (low temperature, drought, salinization, acidification and the like) of different crops show that the crops treated by the pollen polysaccharide have better growth state compared with the control group.

(6) Mannitol, betaine, chitosan, polyglutamic acid and H used in the invention ₂ O ₂ The seedling strengthening and quality improving root irrigation liquid prepared by taking streptomyces defoliatus as a raw material can promote root cell division, regulate cell differentiation, stimulate root system growth, promote capillary root system development, strengthen root systems, keep water and fertilizer, stabilize a soil suspension structure, improve soil hardening, improve fertilizer water utilization rate, improve root activity, ensure balanced transportation of nutrient elements, promote plant growth and health, and can regulate plant cell osmotic pressure, enhance plant water retention capacity, drought resistance and cold resistance, effectively prevent rotten roots, dead seedlings, premature senility of plants and the like, and has a certain improvement effect on acidified soil. Mannitol can participate in photosynthesis of plant organism, regulate organism nutrition osmotic balance, improve chlorophyll content, promote plant growth, strengthen plant growth ability, increase plant content, and indirectly promote plant immunity. The betaine can promote the osmotic pressure of cells, so that the water retention capacity of the cells of the young plants is enhanced under the high-salt and low-temperature environment, the low-temperature and high-salt environment can be resisted more, and the betaine has a protective effect on functional enzymes in the plants, so that the normal operation of various life activities of the plants under the harsher conditions can be ensured, and meanwhile, the betaine has a certain effect on insect expelling and antibacterial aspects. The chitosan can improve the germination rate, plant height, single plant weight, root length, leaf area and the like of crops, obviously improve the protein, vitamin C and soluble total sugar content of crops, reduce the content of crude fibers and the like, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and improve the activity of the crops and the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests. The polyglutamic acid can form a layer of protective film at the root of the plant to protect the root hair of the plant, can transfer the nutrients and moisture in soil to the plant, improves the conversion rate and the utilization rate of the fertilizer, can promote the development of the root system of the plant and enhances the disease resistance of the plant. Streptomyces defoliatus has antagonism to various plant pathogenic bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi, has strong antagonism, can improve plant resistance, and can improve antioxidant enzyme in leaves Activity, reducing plant damage under low temperature stress.

(7) The invention starts from the practical problems encountered in the spring pepper seedling raising process in the middle and high altitude areas (altitude 800-1500 m), overcomes the difficult problems that the spring peppers in the middle and high altitude areas can be transplanted after 3 months of seedling raising and 4-5 months, greatly shortens the seedling raising time, advances the seedling raising and transplanting time by 20-30 days, improves the pepper seedling emergence rate and the seedling strengthening index, and also greatly improves the survival rate after seedling transplanting and the seedling resistance under low temperature stress, and has important significance for improving the spring peppers in the middle and high altitude areas to come into the market and improving the yield and economic benefit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of various treatments on leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of pepper seedlings 15 days after transplanting; lower case letters on different bar graphs in the graph represent differences between treatments to a significant level of 5%.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of various treatments on leaf peroxidase activity (POD) of pepper seedlings 15 days after transplanting; lower case letters on different bar graphs in the graph represent differences between treatments to a significant level of 5%.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of various treatments on leaf Catalase Activity (CAT) of pepper seedlings 15 days after transplanting; lower case letters on different bar graphs in the graph represent differences between treatments to a significant level of 5%.

Detailed Description

Example 1 preparation of seedling substrate and nutrient solution

Step one), earthworm adaptive culture: in medium-high altitude area (800-1500 m), 500kg fresh cow dung is spread on flat ground with a spreading height of 15cm, then 12kg earthworm is uniformly spread on the surface of fresh cow dung, then a layer of straw is covered, continuous culture is carried out for 10 days, from 11 th day, mixed aqueous solution containing vinasse percolate with a mass ratio of 50.0%, urea with a mass ratio of 6.0%, glucose with a mass ratio of 4.0% and lactobacillus with a mass ratio of 3.0% is sprayed every day, and the spraying amount is 0.4L/m ² Spraying continuously for 10 days, and finally separating earthworms to obtain earthworms suitable for growth and reproduction in an acidic environment.

Step two), raw material fermentation and seedling substrate preparation: 15kg of earthworms in the first step) are put into 500kg of fresh vinasse for joint fermentation, an aqueous solution containing 3.0% of glucose in mass ratio is added in the steps of 3, 7, 10 and 14, the addition amount is 20L, the earthworms are separated after continuous fermentation for 20 days, the fermented vinasse is dried at 60-70 ℃ to obtain dry vinasse, and finally 300kg of dry vinasse, 150kg of seaweed meal, 100kg of tobacco foam biochar, 30kg of vermiculite and 20kg of perlite are fully and uniformly mixed, so that the special seedling raising matrix for the peppers is obtained.

Step three) preparing a nutrient solution: adding 8kg of fresh tea leaves and 8kg of tremella salicifolia into 100L of purified water, boiling for 1.5 hours at high temperature, and then cooling and filtering to obtain a nutrient solution A; adding 5kg of pepper leaves and 5kg of mugwort leaves into 100L of alcohol water solution containing 25.0% alcohol by mass ratio, leaching for 6h, and filtering to obtain nutrient solution B; finally, 10.0L of nutrient solution A, 6.0L of nutrient solution B, 4.0L of hydrogen peroxide, 1.3kg of urea and 2.0kg of potassium fulvate are added into 200L of tap water, and the nutrient solution C for floating seedling is obtained after fully stirring and uniformly mixing.

Example 2 preparation of seedling substrate and nutrient solution

Step one), earthworm adaptive culture: in medium-high altitude area (800-1500 m), 400kg of fresh cow dung is spread on flat ground with the spreading height of 15cm, then 10kg of earthworm is uniformly spread on the surface of the fresh cow dung, a layer of straw is covered, continuous culture is carried out for 10 days, and from 11 th day, mixed aqueous solution containing 40.0% of vinasse percolate, 5.0% of urea, 3.0% of glucose and 2.0% of lactobacillus is sprayed every day, wherein the spraying amount is 0.3L/m ² Spraying continuously for 10 days, and finally separating earthworms to obtain earthworms suitable for growth and reproduction in an acidic environment.

Step two), raw material fermentation and seedling substrate preparation: adding 10kg of earthworms in the first step into 400kg of fresh vinasse for joint fermentation, adding an aqueous solution containing 2.0% of glucose in mass ratio on days 3, 7, 10 and 14, continuously fermenting for 20 days with the addition of 15L, separating the earthworms, drying the fermented vinasse at 60-70 ℃ to obtain dry vinasse, and finally fully and uniformly mixing 250kg of dry vinasse, 130kg of seaweed powder, 80kg of tobacco foam biochar, 20kg of vermiculite and 15kg of perlite to obtain the special seedling raising matrix for the peppers.

Step three) preparing a nutrient solution: adding 6kg of fresh tea leaves and 6kg of tremella salicifolia into 100L of purified water, boiling for 1h at high temperature, and cooling and filtering to obtain a nutrient solution A; adding 4kg of pepper leaves and 4kg of mugwort leaves into 100L of alcohol water solution containing 20.0% alcohol by mass ratio, leaching for 4 hours, and filtering to obtain nutrient solution B; and finally, adding 8.0L of nutrient solution A, 4.0L of nutrient solution B, 3.0L of hydrogen peroxide, 1.0kg of urea and 1.5kg of potassium fulvate into 200L of tap water, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the nutrient solution C for floating seedling.

EXAMPLE 3 preparation of seedling substrate and nutrient solution

Step one), earthworm adaptive culture: in medium-high altitude area (800-1500 m), spreading 600kg fresh cow dung on flat ground with spreading height of 15cm, spreading 15kg earthworm on fresh cow dung surface uniformly, covering a layer of straw, continuously culturing for 10 days, spraying mixed water solution containing 60.0% of distiller's grains percolate, 8.0% of urea, 5.0% of glucose and 4.0% of lactobacillus every day from 11 days, wherein the spraying amount is 0.5L/m ² Spraying continuously for 10 days, and finally separating earthworms to obtain earthworms suitable for growth and reproduction in an acidic environment.

Step two), raw material fermentation and seedling substrate preparation: 20kg of earthworms in the first step) are put into 600kg of fresh vinasse for joint fermentation, an aqueous solution containing 4.0% of glucose in mass ratio is added in the steps of 3, 7, 10 and 14, the addition amount is 25L, the earthworms are separated after continuous fermentation for 20 days, the fermented vinasse is dried at 60-70 ℃ to obtain dry vinasse, and finally 350kg of dry vinasse, 170kg of seaweed meal, 120kg of tobacco foam biochar, 40kg of vermiculite and 25kg of perlite are fully and uniformly mixed, so that the special seedling raising matrix for the peppers is obtained.

Step three) preparing a nutrient solution: adding 10kg of fresh tea leaves and 10kg of tremella salicifolia into 100L of purified water, boiling for 2 hours at high temperature, and then cooling and filtering to obtain a nutrient solution A; adding 6kg of pepper leaves and 6kg of mugwort leaves into 100L of alcohol water solution containing 30.0% of alcohol by mass ratio, leaching for 8 hours, and filtering to obtain nutrient solution B; and finally, adding 12.0L of nutrient solution A, 8.0L of nutrient solution B, 5.0L of hydrogen peroxide, 1.5kg of urea and 2.5kg of potassium fulvate into 200L of tap water, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the nutrient solution C for floating seedling.

Example 4 Floating seedlings with the seedling substrate and nutrient solution of example 1

Step a) seed disinfection: in the new town (altitude 800 m) in Zunyi city, guizhou province, firstly, soaking pepper seeds in a mixed water solution containing 0.5% of copper sulfate and 0.05% of potassium permanganate in mass ratio for 25 minutes, naturally airing for 2 hours at 25-30 ℃, then, soaking the pepper seeds in a mixed water solution containing 0.1% of allicin in mass ratio, 0.2% of pyraclostrobin and 0.05% of streptomycin in mass ratio for 25 minutes, and naturally airing for 2 hours at 25-30 ℃ to finish seed disinfection.

Step b) low-temperature strengthening of seeds: and (3) placing the sterilized pepper seeds in a low-temperature storage box at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ for 3 days, taking out, placing in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 20 ℃ for 1 day, and repeating for 3 times to obtain the pepper seeds subjected to low-temperature reinforcement.

Step c) sowing and sprouting: at the beginning of 2 months, filling the seedling substrate in the step two) in the example 1 into 72-hole cave trays, then sowing 1 capsicum seed in each cave tray into the cave tray, laying all cave trays after being filled, placing the cave trays on a floating seedling bed, then adding tap water to enable the water surface height to be 2-3 cm, and then spraying a germination accelerating agent, wherein the germination accelerating agent is a mixed water solution containing 0.01% of gibberellin, 0.01% of thiourea, 0.03% of benzylaminopurine, 0.02% of naphthylacetic acid, 0.01% of nicotinic acid and 0.03% of trichoderma harzianum powder, and the spraying amount of each cave tray is 80mL.

Step d) seedling strengthening: the nutrient solution C in the step three) of the example 1 is firstly added into a floating seedling bed on the 3 rd day after the germination accelerating agent is sprayed, and the adding amount is 250L/100m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seeds germinate and come out completely, adding the nutrient solution C into the bleaching agentThe addition amount of the floating seedling bed is 300L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 350L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed with the addition amount of 400L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.06L; when the pepper seedlings grow to 8 leaves and 1 heart, the stress-resistant nutrient solution is sprayed on the surfaces of the leaves of the pepper seedlings, and the spraying amount of each plug is 0.12L. Wherein the stress-resistant nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.05% of seaweed polyphenol, 0.03% of brown alginate oligosaccharides, 0.04% of alginic acid, 0.05% of coronatine, 0.01% of chlormequat chloride, 0.02% of brassinolide and 0.001% of pollen polysaccharide. And (5) transplanting when the pepper seedlings grow to 10 leaves and 1 heart.

Step e) strong seedling quality improvement: at 3 and 7 days after transplanting of pepper seedling, the composition contains mannitol 0.01% by mass, betaine 0.01% by mass, chitosan 0.03% by mass, polyglutamic acid 0.04% by mass, and H0.2% by mass ₂ O ₂ The mixed solution of the streptomyces defoliatus with the mass ratio of 0.04 percent is irrigated to the root of the chilli seedling, and the irrigation amount is 0.1L/plant.

Example 5 Floating seedlings with the seedling substrate and nutrient solution of example 2

Step a) seed disinfection: in the lake tide country (altitude 1200 m) of Guiyang, the urban flower stream area of Guizhou, firstly, the capsicum seeds are soaked in a mixed water solution containing 1.0 percent of copper sulfate and 0.5 percent of potassium permanganate by mass for 30 minutes, then naturally sun-dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, then, the capsicum seeds are soaked in a mixed water solution containing 0.2 percent of allicin by mass, 0.3 percent of pyraclostrobin by mass and 0.1 percent of streptomycin by mass for 30 minutes, and then naturally sun-dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to finish seed disinfection.

Step b) low-temperature strengthening of seeds: and (3) placing the sterilized pepper seeds in a low-temperature storage box at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 3 days, then taking out and placing the pepper seeds in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 1 day, and repeating the process for 4 times to obtain the pepper seeds after low-temperature reinforcement.

Step c) sowing and sprouting: filling the seedling substrate in the second step into 72-hole trays at the beginning of 2 months, then sowing 1 capsicum seed in each hole, laying all the trays after the capsicum seed is filled, placing the trays on a floating seedling bed, adding tap water to enable the water surface height to be 2-3 cm, and then spraying a germination accelerating agent which is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.02% of gibberellin, 0.02% of thiourea, 0.04% of benzylaminopurine, 0.03% of naphthylacetic acid, 0.02% of nicotinic acid and 0.04% of trichoderma harzianum powder in mass ratio, wherein the spraying amount of each tray is 100mL.

Step d) seedling strengthening: the nutrient solution C in the third step) is added into a floating seedling bed for the first time at the 3 rd day after the germination accelerating agent is sprayed, wherein the addition amount is 300L/100m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seeds germinate and come out completely, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed with the addition amount of 350L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed with the addition amount of 400L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 450L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.07L; when the pepper seedlings grow to 8 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.14L. Wherein the stress-resistant nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.06% of seaweed polyphenol, 0.04% of brown alginate oligosaccharides, 0.05% of alginic acid, 0.06% of coronatine, 0.02% of chlormequat chloride, 0.03% of brassinolide and 0.002% of pollen polysaccharide. And (5) transplanting when the pepper seedlings grow to 10 leaves and 1 heart.

Step e) strong seedling quality improvement: at 3 and 7 days after transplanting of pepper seedling, the composition contains mannitol 0.02% by mass, betaine 0.02% by mass, chitosan 0.04% by mass, polyglutamic acid 0.05% by mass, and H0.3% by mass ₂ O ₂ Pouring mixed solution of streptomyces defoliatus with mass ratio of 0.06%And (3) pouring the pepper seedlings at the root parts, wherein the pouring amount is 0.12L/plant.

Example 6 Floating seedlings with the seedling substrate and nutrient solution of example 3

Step a) seed disinfection: in Chapter county Ping Shanzhen (altitude 1500 m) in Pichia pastoris of Guizhou, firstly, the capsicum seeds are soaked in a mixed water solution containing 1.5% of copper sulfate and 0.15% of potassium permanganate in mass ratio for 35 minutes, then naturally dried for 2 hours at 25-30 ℃, then the capsicum seeds are soaked in a mixed water solution containing 0.3% of allicin in mass ratio, 0.4% of pyraclostrobin and 0.15% of streptomycin in mass ratio for 35 minutes, and then naturally dried for 2 hours at 25-30 ℃, thus the seed disinfection can be completed.

Step b) low-temperature strengthening of seeds: and (3) placing the sterilized pepper seeds in a low-temperature storage box at the temperature of minus 15 ℃ for 3 days, then taking out and placing the pepper seeds in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 1 day, and repeating the process for 5 times to obtain the pepper seeds after low-temperature reinforcement.

Step c) sowing and sprouting: filling the seedling substrate in the second step into 72-hole trays at the beginning of 2 months, then sowing 1 capsicum seed in each hole, laying all the trays after the capsicum seed is filled, placing the trays on a floating seedling bed, adding tap water to enable the water surface height to be 2-3 cm, and then spraying a germination accelerating agent which is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.03% of gibberellin, 0.03% of thiourea, 0.05% of benzylaminopurine, 0.04% of naphthylacetic acid, 0.03% of nicotinic acid and 0.05% of trichoderma harzianum powder in mass ratio, wherein the spraying amount of each tray is 120mL.

Step d) seedling strengthening: the nutrient solution C in the third step) is added into a floating seedling bed for the first time at the 3 rd day after the germination accelerating agent is sprayed, wherein the addition amount is 350L/100m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seeds germinate and come out completely, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed with the addition amount of 400L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 450L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bedIn the addition amount of 500L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedling leaves, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.08L; when the pepper seedlings grow to 8 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.16L. Wherein the stress-resistant nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.07% of seaweed polyphenol, 0.05% of brown alginate oligosaccharides, 0.06% of alginic acid, 0.07% of coronatine, 0.03% of chlormequat chloride, 0.04% of brassinolide and 0.003% of pollen polysaccharide. And (5) transplanting when the pepper seedlings grow to 10 leaves and 1 heart.

Step e) strong seedling quality improvement: at 3 and 7 days after transplanting the pepper seedlings, the pepper seedlings contain mannitol with a mass ratio of 0.03%, betaine with a mass ratio of 0.03%, chitosan with a mass ratio of 0.05%, polyglutamic acid with a mass ratio of 0.06% and H with a mass ratio of 0.4% ₂ O ₂ The mixed solution of the streptomyces defoliatus with the mass ratio of 0.08 percent is irrigated to the root of the chilli seedling, and the irrigation amount is 0.15L/plant.

Comparative example

The comparison of different pepper floating seedling methods is carried out in the new civilian town (altitude 800 m) in the Zunyi city, guizhou province, and the test is provided with 10 treatments, and the specific treatment steps are as follows:

TABLE 1 procedure for the specific treatments

T1 treatment: a traditional floating seedling method. The method comprises the following steps: 2 months and 5 days, directly filling commodity seedling raising matrixes into 72-hole cave trays, then, putting pepper seeds into cave holes, sowing 1 pepper seed in each cave hole, after all cave trays are well filled, laying the cave trays, placing the cave trays on a floating seedling raising bed, then, adding tap water to enable the water surface height to be 2-3 cm, dissolving 20kg of common compound fertilizer (15-15-15) in 100L of water, adding the solution into the floating seedling raising bed, transplanting when pepper seedlings grow to 1 heart of 10 leaves, and pouring 500mL of urea water into each pepper seedling after transplanting.

T2 treatment: the floating seedling raising method for the spring early pepper comprises the following steps:

step one), earthworm adaptive culture: spreading 500kg fresh cow dung on flat ground with a spreading height of 15cm, spreading 12kg earthworm on the surface of fresh cow dung, covering a layer of straw, continuously culturing for 10 days, spraying mixed water solution containing vinasse percolate 50.0% by mass, urea 6.0% by mass, glucose 4.0% by mass and lactobacillus 3.0% by mass every day from 11 th day, and spraying 0.4L/m ² Spraying continuously for 10 days, and finally separating earthworms to obtain earthworms suitable for growth and reproduction in an acidic environment.

Step four), seed disinfection: firstly, soaking pepper seeds in a mixed water solution containing 1.0% of copper sulfate and 0.5% of potassium permanganate in mass ratio for 30 minutes, naturally airing the pepper seeds at 25-30 ℃ for 2 hours, then soaking the pepper seeds in a mixed water solution containing 0.2% of allicin in mass ratio, 0.3% of pyraclostrobin and 0.1% of streptomycin in mass ratio for 30 minutes, and naturally airing the pepper seeds at 25-30 ℃ for 2 hours to finish seed disinfection.

Step five), low-temperature strengthening of seeds: and (3) placing the sterilized pepper seeds in a low-temperature storage box at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 3 days, then taking out and placing the pepper seeds in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 1 day, and repeating the process for 4 times to obtain the pepper seeds after low-temperature reinforcement.

Step six), sowing and sprouting: filling the seedling substrate in the second step into 72-hole trays for 2 months and 5 days, then sowing 1 capsicum seed in each hole, laying all trays after the capsicum seed is filled, placing the trays on a floating seedling bed, adding tap water to enable the water surface height to be 2-3 cm, and then spraying a germination accelerating agent which is a mixed water solution containing 0.02% of gibberellin, 0.02% of thiourea, 0.04% of benzylaminopurine, 0.03% of naphthylacetic acid, 0.02% of nicotinic acid and 0.04% of trichoderma harzianum powder in mass ratio, wherein the spraying amount of each tray is 100mL.

Step seven), seedling strengthening: the nutrient solution C in the third step) is added into a floating seedling bed for the first time at the 3 rd day after the germination accelerating agent is sprayed, wherein the addition amount is 300L/100m ² (floating seedling bed area); when the pepper seeds germinate and come out completely, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed with the addition amount of 350L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed with the addition amount of 400L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, adding the nutrient solution C into the floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 450L/100m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the pepper seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.07L; when the pepper seedlings grow to 8 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.14L. Wherein the stress-resistant nutrient solution comprises 0.06% of algal polyphenol, 0.04% of alginate oligosaccharides, 0.05% of alginic acid, and0.06% of coronatine, 0.02% of chlormequat chloride, 0.03% of brassinolide and 0.002% of pollen polysaccharide. And (5) transplanting when the pepper seedlings grow to 10 leaves and 1 heart.

Step eight), strong seedling quality improvement: at 3 and 7 days after transplanting of pepper seedling, the composition contains mannitol 0.02% by mass, betaine 0.02% by mass, chitosan 0.04% by mass, polyglutamic acid 0.05% by mass, and H0.3% by mass ₂ O ₂ The mixed solution of the streptomyces defoliatus with the mass ratio of 0.06 percent is irrigated to the root of the chilli seedling, and the irrigation amount is 0.12L/plant.

T3 treatment: preferably, the spring early pepper floating seedling raising method comprises the steps of second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth in the T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, earthworms used in the treatment are not subjected to adaptive culture).

T4 treatment: preferably, the spring early pepper floating seedling raising method comprises the steps of three, four, five, six, seven and eight in the T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, the treatment does not use the seedling raising substrate in the invention, but uses the commodity seedling raising substrate in the T2 treatment).

T5 treatment: the floating seedling raising method for the spring early pepper is preferred and comprises the steps of first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth in T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, the floating seedling raising nutrient solution in the invention is not used in the seventh treatment step, but the common compound fertilizer aqueous solution in the T2 treatment is used).

T6 treatment: the floating seedling raising method for the spring early pepper comprises the steps of first, second, third, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth in the T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, the pepper seeds used in the treatment are not disinfected).

T7 treatment: the floating seedling raising method for the spring early pepper comprises the steps of first, second, third, fourth, sixth, seventh and eighth in the T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, the pepper seeds used in the treatment are not subjected to low-temperature strengthening treatment).

T8 treatment: the floating seedling raising method of the spring early pepper is preferred and comprises the steps of first, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh and eighth in the T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, the pepper seeds used in the treatment are subjected to germination accelerating treatment without using a germination accelerating agent).

T9 treatment: preferably, the spring early pepper floating seedling raising method comprises the steps of first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth in the T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, pepper seedlings in the treatment are not subjected to seedling strengthening treatment).

T10 treatment: the floating seedling raising method for the spring early pepper is preferred and comprises the steps of first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh in the T2 treatment, wherein each step is sequentially carried out (namely, the transplanted pepper seedlings in the treatment are not subjected to strengthening and quality improving treatment).

And (3) respectively manufacturing 15 floating seedling trays according to respective corresponding steps in T1-T10 treatment, carrying out spring early pepper seedling and transplanting, recording and measuring the emergence rate, the emergence days, the seedling height, the stem thickness, the root system activity and the like of the peppers during transplanting, and recording and measuring the survival rate, the stress resistance, the root system activity and the like of the peppers after 15 days of transplanting.

Analysis of results:

(1) The seedling emergence effect of spring early pepper floating seedlings was evaluated (table 2): from the day of emergence, treatments T2, T5, T6, T7, T9 and T10 can emerge on day 5 after the sowing of the pepper seeds, while treatment T3 requires 9 days to emerge, which means that the seedling substrate which is not subjected to earthworm adaptive culture is unfavorable for pepper emergence, treatment T1 and T4 respectively require 13 days and 12 days to emerge, which means that the pepper emergence time is delayed by using common commodity seedling substrates, and treatment T8 also requires 11 days to emerge, which means that pepper seeds are also delayed by using germination accelerating agents to accelerate germination. From the days of transplanting, the pepper seedlings can be transplanted only by 38 days for T2 and T10 treatment, 41 days for T4, T5, T6 and T7 treatment are needed, which means that the transplanting time of the pepper seedlings can be prolonged without using the seedling culture substrate and the nutrient solution, without seed disinfection and low-temperature strengthening treatment, 46 days for T3 treatment, which means that the transplanting time of the pepper seedlings can be delayed without earthworm adaptive culture, 47 days for T8 treatment, which means that the transplanting time of the pepper seedlings can be prolonged without using a germination accelerator, and 58 days for T1 treatment, which means that the transplanting time of the pepper seedlings can be longest in a conventional floating seedling culture method. From the seedling emergence rate, the seedling emergence rates of T2, T5, T6, T9 and T10 are all 100.0%, the seedling emergence rates of T1 and T4 are respectively 41.5% and 43.4%, which indicates that the seedling emergence rate of the common commodity seedling substrate is lower, the seedling emergence rate of T3 is only 12.4%, which indicates that the vinasse is not subjected to earthworm adaptive culture treatment and can influence the vinasse maturity and the fermentation degree, the seedling emergence rate of the vinasse is unfavorable, the seedling emergence rate of T7 is 86.6%, which indicates that the seedling emergence rate of the pepper seeds is not subjected to low-temperature strengthening treatment and can influence the seedling emergence rate of the pepper seeds under the low-temperature condition, and the seedling emergence rate of the pepper seeds under the low-temperature condition is not subjected to germination accelerating agent. From the aspect of morbidity, the right side of the capsicum treated by T2, T3, T4, T5, T7, T8, T9 and T10 has no morbidity, the morbidity of the capsicum treated by T1 is 14.8%, the capsicum seedlings are easy to be infected by using common commodity seedling tray matrixes, the morbidity of the capsicum treated by T6 is 7.85%, and the capsicum seedlings which are not subjected to seed disinfection treatment are also infected. Compared with the traditional T1 floating seedling method, the height of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 2.67-7.48 cm, the amplification is 34.55-96.59%, and the height of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2 is the largest, so that the preferred spring early pepper floating seedling method can be used for improving the height of the pepper seedlings. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the thick stem of the pepper seedling treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.61-1.81 mm, the increase is 14.53-42.99%, and the plant height treated by the T2 is the largest, so that the stem thickness of the pepper seedling can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Therefore, the T2 treatment effect is best and the method is the optimal method for floating and raising the spring early-stage capsicum by combining the indexes such as the seedling emergence days, the transplanting days, the seedling emergence rate, the morbidity, the plant height, the stem thickness and the like of the method for floating and raising the spring early-stage capsicum.

TABLE 2 seedling emergence effect of spring early pepper floating seedlings

Note that: the different lower case letters of the same column in the table indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level of 5%.

(2) By evaluating the root growth condition of the spring early pepper floating seedling at the time of transplanting (table 3): compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the total root length of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 2.31-8.33 cm, the increase is 15.42-55.70%, and the total root length of the pepper seedlings can be improved by adopting the optimal spring early pepper floating seedling method by maximum T2 treatment. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the total root volume of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.38-1.60 cm ³ The amplification is 15.93-67.74%, and T2 treatment is the largest, which shows that the total root volume of the pepper seedlings can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the total absorption area of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.21-2.90 m ³ The amplification is 4.67-65.53%, and T2 treatment is the largest, which shows that the total absorption area of the root system of the pepper seedling can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the active absorption area of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.10-1.47 m ³ The amplification is 4.71-66.13%, and T2 treatment is the largest, which shows that the adoption of the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method can improve the active absorption area of the root system of the pepper seedling. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the TTC reduction strength of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 3.10-46.06 mug.g ^-1 ·h ^-1 The amplification is 2.79-41.47%, and T2 treatment is the largest, which shows that the TTC reduction strength of the root system of the pepper seedling can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Therefore, the root system growth condition of the spring early pepper floating seedling method is best in T2 treatment effect when the spring early pepper floating seedling method is used for transplanting, and the method is the optimal spring early pepper floating seedling method.

TABLE 3 root growth conditions for spring-early pepper float seedlings during transplanting

(3) By evaluating the root growth condition of the spring early pepper floating seedling at the time of transplanting (table 4): compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the survival rate of the pepper seedlings treated by T2-T9 is 100.0%, the survival rate of the pepper seedlings treated by T1 is only 53.9%, which indicates that the traditional floating seedling method is unfavorable for the survival of the pepper seedlings after transplanting, and the survival rate of the pepper seedlings treated by T10 is 88.6%, which indicates that the survival rate of the pepper seedlings after transplanting is reduced without strengthening the seedlings and improving the quality. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the total root length of the pepper seedlings treated by T2-T10 is increased by 3.44-36.15 cm, the increase is 11.79-123.89%, and the maximum treatment of T2 indicates that the total root length of the root system of the pepper seedlings can be improved after 15 days of transplanting by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the total root volume of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.68-5.11 cm ³ The amplification is 10.11-75.54%, and T2 treatment is the largest, which shows that the total root volume of the seedling root system after 15 days of pepper transplanting can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the total absorption area of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.02-9.58 m ³ The amplification is 0.22-93.97%, and T2 treatment is the largest, which shows that the total absorption area of the root system of the seedling after 15 days of pepper transplanting can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the active absorption area of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.86-5.40 m ³ The amplification is 21.65-135.83%, T2 treatment is the largest, and the active absorption area of the root system of the seedling after 15 days of pepper transplanting can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. From TTC alsoCompared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the TTC reduction strength of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 10.05-108.42 ug.g ^-1 ·h ^-1 The amplification is 4.64-50.05%, and T2 treatment is the largest, which shows that the TTC reduction strength of the root system of the seedling after 15 days of pepper transplanting can be improved by adopting the optimized spring early pepper floating seedling method. Therefore, the method integrates the survival rate and root system growth condition of the spring early pepper floating seedling after 15 days of transplanting, has the best T2 treatment effect, and is the optimal spring early pepper floating seedling method.

TABLE 4 survival rate of pepper seedlings and root growth status after 15 days of transplanting

(4) Effect of preferred spring early pepper floating seedling method on leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) of pepper seedlings after 15 days of transplanting (fig. 1): compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the SOD content of the leaves of the pepper seedlings treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.06-0.26 U.mg ^-1 The amplification is 0.02-11.66%, the SOD content treated by T2 is highest, which indicates that the adoption of the floating seedling method for the spring-preferred early pepper can enhance the stress resistance of pepper seedlings under the low-temperature condition, enhance the resistance of the seedlings and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

(5) Effect of preferred spring early pepper float seedling method on pepper seedling leaf peroxidase activity (POD) after 15 days of transplanting (fig. 2): compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the POD content of the pepper seedling leaves treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.31-0.72 U.mg ^-1 The amplification is 12.23-28.47%, the SOD content treated by T2 is highest, which shows that the oxidation damage to pepper seedlings caused by low-temperature weak light stress can be effectively relieved by adopting a preferable spring early pepper floating seedling method, the integrity of cell membranes is protected, the damage to photosynthetic organs of seedling leaves is relieved, the air pore conductivity and photosynthetic capacity of the leaves are enhanced, and the tolerance to low-temperature weak light is further improved 。

(6) Effect of preferred spring early pepper float seedling method on leaf Catalase Activity (CAT) of pepper seedlings after 15 days of transplanting (fig. 1): compared with the traditional floating seedling method of T1, the CAT content of the pepper seedling leaves treated by the T2-T10 is increased by 0.05-0.30 nmo.min ^-1 ·mg ^-1 The amplification is 12.23-28.47%, and the CAT content treated by T2 is highest, which shows that the method for floating and raising pepper seedlings in advance by adopting the preferred spring can relieve the damage to pepper seedlings caused by low-temperature stress by enhancing the photosynthesis of pepper seedlings, inhibiting the accumulation of active oxygen, improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increasing the content of osmotic adjusting substances and the like.

To sum up: and (3) screening, wherein the T2 treatment is the optimal spring early pepper floating seedling method.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the following examples according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A matrix and nutrient solution suitable for spring early-maturing peppers in medium-high altitude areas is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:

step s1, preparing a matrix: adding earthworm into fresh distiller's grains, fermenting for 20 days, and adding glucose aqueous solution at 3 rd, 7 th, 10 th and 14 th days; separating earthworms after fermentation is completed, and drying the distillers 'grains to obtain dry-base distillers' grains; fully and uniformly mixing the dry-base vinasse, the seaweed powder, the tobacco foam biochar, the vermiculite and the perlite to obtain a seedling substrate; the mass ratio of the earthworms to the fresh vinasse is 10-20 kg, the weight ratio of the earthworms to the fresh vinasse is 400-600 kg, the adding amount of the glucose aqueous solution is 15-25L/time, and the mass ratio of glucose in the glucose aqueous solution is 2.0-4.0%; the mass ratio of the dry-base vinasse to the seaweed powder to the tobacco foam biochar to the vermiculite to the perlite is 250-350:130-170:80-120:20-40:15-25;

The earthworms are subjected to adaptive culture before fermentation, and the specific operation is as follows: spreading fresh cow dung, spreading earthworm, covering straw, and culturing for 10 days; spraying acidic fermentation liquor every day for 10 days from 11 days; separating earthworms to obtain earthworms suitable for an acidic environment; the mass ratio of fresh cow dung to earthworms is 500:12; the acidic fermentation liquor is an aqueous solution with the following mass ratio: 50.0% distillers' grains leachate, 6.0% urea, 4.0% glucose, and 3.0% lactic acid bacteria; the spraying amount is 0.4L/m 2;

step s2, preparing a nutrient solution: adding fresh tea leaves and tremella root into purified water, boiling for 1-2 hours at high temperature, and filtering to obtain a nutrient solution A, wherein the dosage ratio of the fresh tea leaves, the tremella root and the purified water is 6-10 kg:6-10 kg:100L; adding pepper leaves and mugwort leaves into an alcohol aqueous solution for leaching for 4-8 hours to obtain a nutrient solution B, wherein the alcohol mass ratio of the alcohol aqueous solution is 20.0-30.0%, and the dosage ratio of the pepper leaves, mugwort leaves and the alcohol aqueous solution is 4-6 kg:4-6 kg:100L; adding the nutrient solution A, the nutrient solution B, hydrogen peroxide, urea and potassium fulvate into water to obtain a nutrient solution; the nutrient solution comprises 8.0-12.0L of nutrient solution A, 4.0-8.0L of nutrient solution B, 3.0-5.0L of hydrogen peroxide, 1.0-1.5 kg of urea and 1.5-2.5 kg of potassium fulvate, and is added into 200L tap water.

2. The matrix and nutrient solution of claim 1, wherein in step s1, the mass ratio of earthworms to fresh distillers grains is 12: 12 kg:500: 500 kg, the addition amount of the glucose aqueous solution is 20L/time, and the mass ratio of glucose in the glucose aqueous solution is 3.0%; the mass ratio of distiller's grains on dry basis, seaweed powder, tobacco foam charcoal, vermiculite and perlite is 300:150:100:30:20.

3. The matrix and nutrient solution of claim 1, wherein in step s2, nutrient solution a is prepared by: the dosage of fresh tea, herba Potentillae Anserinae and purified water is 8 kg:8 kg:100L, and boiling time is 1.5 hr; the preparation process of the nutrient solution B comprises the following steps: the alcohol mass ratio in the alcohol water solution is 25.0%, the dosage ratio of the pepper leaves, the mugwort leaves and the alcohol water solution is 5 kg:5 kg:100L, and the leaching time is 6h; the nutrient solution comprises 10.0L nutrient solution A, 6.0L nutrient solution B, 4.0L hydrogen peroxide, 1.3 kg urea and 2.0kg potassium fulvate, and is added into 200L water.

4. A method for raising seedlings by using the substrate and nutrient solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substrate and nutrient solution prepared by using the steps s1 and s2 in claims 1 to 3 are used for raising seedlings, and further comprising the steps of:

Step s3, seed disinfection: primary soaking and sterilizing the pepper seeds, airing, secondary soaking and sterilizing, and airing; the primary disinfection disinfectant is an aqueous solution containing 0.5-1.5% of copper sulfate and 0.05-0.15% of potassium permanganate in mass ratio; the secondary disinfection disinfectant is an aqueous solution containing 0.05-0.15% of potassium permanganate, 0.1-0.3% of allicin, 0.2-0.4% of pyraclostrobin and 0.05-0.15% of streptomycin by mass ratio; the soaking disinfection time is 25-35 min each time; naturally airing 2 h at 25-30 ℃ each time;

step s4, low-temperature strengthening of seeds: placing the sterilized pepper seeds in a low-temperature storage box at the temperature of minus 15 to minus 5 ℃ for 3 days, then taking out and placing in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 20 to 30 ℃ for 1 day, and repeating for 3 to 5 times to obtain the pepper seeds after low-temperature reinforcement;

step 5, sowing and sprouting: filling a substrate into 72-hole cave trays every year for 2 months, then putting the capsicum seeds in the step s4 into cave holes, sowing 1 capsicum seed in each cave hole, after all cave trays are well filled, laying the cave trays, placing the cave trays on a floating seedling bed, adding tap water to enable the water surface height to be 2-3 cm, and then spraying a germination accelerating agent, wherein the germination accelerating agent is an aqueous solution containing 0.01-0.03% gibberellin, 0.01-0.03% thiourea, 0.03-0.05% benzylaminopurine, 0.02-0.04% naphthylacetic acid, 0.01-0.03% nicotinic acid and 0.03-0.05% trichoderma harzianum powder according to the mass ratio, and the spraying amount of each cave tray is 80-120 mL;

Step S6, seedling strengthening: adding the nutrient solution into the floating seedling bed for the first time on the 3 rd day after the germination accelerating agent is sprayed according to the area of the floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 250-350L/100 m < 2 >; when the pepper seeds germinate and emerge completely, adding the nutrient solution into a floating seedling bed, wherein the addition amount is 300-400L/100 m < 2 >; when the pepper seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 core, adding the nutrient solution into a floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 350-450L/100 m < 2 >; when the pepper seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 core, adding the nutrient solution into a floating seedling bed, wherein the adding amount is 400-500L/100 m < 2 >;

when the pepper seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.06-0.08L; when the pepper seedlings grow to 8 leaves and 1 heart, spraying stress-resistant nutrient solution on the surfaces of the pepper seedlings, wherein the spraying amount of each plug is 0.12-0.16L; transplanting when the pepper seedlings grow to 10 leaves and 1 heart; the stress-resistant nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.05-0.07% of seaweed polyphenol, 0.03-0.05% of brown alginate oligosaccharides, 0.04-0.06% of alginic acid, 0.05-0.07% of coronatine, 0.01-0.03% of chlormequat chloride, 0.02-0.04% of brassinolide and 0.001-0.003% of pollen polysaccharide in mass ratio;

step s7, strong seedling quality improvement: irrigating strong seedling quality-improving root-irrigating liquid to the root of the pepper seedling at the 3 rd and 7 th days after the pepper seedling is transplanted, wherein the irrigation amount is 0.1-0.15L/plant; the strong seedling quality-improving root-irrigating solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.01-0.03% of mannitol, 0.01-0.03% of betaine, 0.03-0.05% of chitosan, 0.04-0.06% of polyglutamic acid, 0.2-0.4% of H2O2 and 0.04-0.08% of streptomyces phyllotophyllus in mass ratio.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step s3, the primary disinfectant is an aqueous solution containing 1.0% copper sulfate and 0.1% potassium permanganate in a mass ratio; the secondary disinfectant is an aqueous solution containing 0.1% of potassium permanganate, 0.2% of allicin, 0.3% of pyraclostrobin and 0.1% of streptomycin in mass ratio; the soaking disinfection time is 30min each time.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step s4, the low temperature storage tank temperature is-10℃and the constant temperature incubator temperature is 25℃and the repetition is 4 times.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step s5, the germination accelerating agent is an aqueous solution containing gibberellin 0.02%, thiourea 0.02%, benzylaminopurine 0.04%, naphthylacetic acid 0.03%, nicotinic acid 0.02% and Trichoderma harzianum powder in a mass ratio of 100. 100 mL per plug;

in the step s6, the stress-resistant nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.06% of seaweed polyphenol, 0.045% of brown alginate oligosaccharides, 0.05% of alginic acid, 0.06% of coronatine, 0.02% of chlormequat chloride, 0.03% of brassinolide and 0.002% of pollen polysaccharide in mass ratio;

in the step s7, the strong seedling quality-improving root-irrigating solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.02% of mannitol, 0.02% of betaine, 0.04% of chitosan, 0.05% of polyglutamic acid, 0.3% of H2O2 and 0.06% of streptomyces defoliatus in mass ratio, and the irrigating amount is 0.12L/plant.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step s6, the first nutrient solution is added in an amount of 300L/100 m2 in terms of floating seedling bed area; the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 350L/100 m2 when the seedling emergence is complete; the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 400L/100 m2 when the leaves are 1 heart; the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 450L/100 m2 when the leaves are 1 heart;

the spraying amount of the stress-resistant nutrient solution is 0.07 and L for each plug when the 6 leaves are 1 heart; the spraying amount of the stress-resistant nutrient solution is 0.14 and L for each plug when the leaves are 8 and 1.