CN115462213B

CN115462213B - Sand storage method for promoting seed germination

Info

Publication number: CN115462213B
Application number: CN202211171875.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李超; 马锋旺; 景光全; 邹养军; 李翠英; 张静; 杨超
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2022-09-26
Filing date: 2022-09-26
Publication date: 2023-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2042-09-26
Also published as: CN115462213A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a sand storage method for promoting seed germination, which comprises the following steps: (1) soaking the seeds; (2) Filtering the soaked seeds, spreading the seeds in a material with a moisturizing capability in a non-overlapping manner, placing the seeds in a container, reserving a ventilation port on the container, and sand-storing the container at 4 ℃ for 20-30d; (3) Opening the container every day for ventilation at room temperature in 1-5 days and last 10 days of sand storage, keeping the surface of seeds moist, and removing moldy seeds; (4) After 20-30d sand storage, the container is placed at normal temperature and is shaded for 24-72h. The method ensures germination rate, is not limited by environment, and promotes seed germination.

Description

Sand storage method for promoting seed germination

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant culture, in particular to a sand storage method for promoting seed germination.

Background

Pingyi sweet tea (M.hupehensis Rehd) is a variety of Malus hupehensis, as typical spontaneous apomixis, most of naturally occurring plants are triploid (2n=3X=51), offspring characters propagated through the fact tend to be female parent relatively stable, root systems are vigorous, growth vigor is uniform and consistent, and the strain does not contain viruses, so that the strain is very suitable for the development trend of nontoxic cultivation of modern fruit trees. Malus hupehensis a very good apple stock for promoting seed germination, and is often applied to actual production due to numerous advantages. But the physical dormancy of seeds is broken through a certain low-temperature sand reservoir, so that the germination of the seeds is promoted. The common seed sand storage is to mix the seeds with fine sand with certain humidity in winter and then to embed the seeds into the ground for sand storage, the germination condition of the seeds can not be well observed under the limitation of season places, and the germination rate of the Pingyi sweet tea can reach more than 50% approximately in 30d or more; the laboratory generally can also carry out sand storage through simple refrigerator 4 ℃, but ordinary refrigerator sand storage is convenient, but very easy to cause the hypoxia stress hypoxia of seeds to happen and death, and too low or too high humidity is unfavorable for seed germination, too short sand storage time can not germinate too long and can also have cold stress on radicle, so germination rate can not be ensured. Therefore, a sand-hiding method for promoting seed germination is needed to ensure the germination rate and is not limited by the environment so as to promote seed germination.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a sand hiding method for promoting seed germination.

A sand hiding method for promoting seed germination, comprising the steps of:

(1) Soaking seeds;

(2) Filtering the soaked seeds, spreading the seeds in a material with a moisturizing capability in a non-overlapping manner, placing the seeds in a container, reserving a ventilation port on the container, and sand-storing the container at 4 ℃ for 20-30d;

(3) Opening the container every day for ventilation at room temperature in 1-5 days and last 10 days of sand storage, keeping the surface of seeds moist, and removing moldy seeds;

(4) After 20-30d sand storage, the container is placed at normal temperature, shading is carried out for 24-72h, and humidity and ventilation are kept.

Preferably, in step (1), the seeds are soaked with distilled water for 10-20 hours.

Preferably, the soaked seeds are filtered and laid on two layers of wet gauze without overlapping, and a layer of wet gauze is laid on the seeds and placed in a container.

Preferably, the gauze has a density of 60-80X 60-80.

Preferably, the ventilation time per day in step (3) is 2-5min.

Preferably, the room temperature conditions in step (3) are 23-27 ℃.

Preferably, the sand is stored for 25d at 4 ℃.

Preferably, the seed is apple seed.

Preferably, the apple seeds are cognac sweet tea seeds.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the operation is simple and feasible, and is not limited by environment and time.

2. The method combines the advantages of natural sand storage and refrigerator sand storage, is similar to variable-temperature sand storage in ventilation after being opened every day, and can properly accelerate the life activity of seeds, keep constant proper humidity and ensure sufficient oxygen to be beneficial to the respiration of the seeds under the continuous low-temperature condition, so that the method can effectively promote the germination of the seeds and is very suitable for experiments and practical production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows oxygen consumption during sand storage of seed treated differently, wherein A1: dry seed, A2: soaking for 1d, a3: sand reservoir 5d, a4: sand reservoir 10d, a5: sand reservoir 15d, a6: sand reservoir 20d, a7: sand reservoir 25d, a8: sand storage for 30d;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a different sand reservoir of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows germination of Malus hupehensis seeds at various sand storage times, wherein A represents seeds subjected to radiation stress; b represents Pingyi sweet tea seeds treated in example 1; 1. 2, 3, 4 and 5 represent sand reservoirs 15d, 20d, 25d, 30d and 35d, respectively; (1) Represents the germination of sand seeds and (2) represents the growth of germinated seeds.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

Seed vigor of the following examples and comparative examples was measured with a seed vigor measuring instrument Q2.

Example 1

(1) Soaking a plurality of Pingyi sweet tea seeds in distilled water overnight for 12h;

(2) Spreading seeds in 15cm glass dish with 2 layers of wet gauze without overlapping after filtering, spreading 1 layer of wet gauze on the seeds, wherein the density of the gauze per square inch is 60×60, the purpose is moisture preservation, a cover is covered, a small paper sheet is used for reserving a ventilation port between the glass dish and the cover for ventilation, and sand storage is carried out for 25 days in a refrigerator at 4 ℃; the seeds are overlapped and easily subjected to capillary phenomenon to retain water, so that the seeds are difficult to breathe and are lack of oxygen to death, the standard of wet gauze is that the wet gauze is wetted and twisted to be free of water dripping, water absorption and moisture preservation of the surfaces of the seeds are facilitated, a glass dish is sterilized by alcohol in advance, and the possibility of mold infection caused by seed germination is reduced;

(3) Before sand storage, 5d (the day of putting seeds is marked as 1 day) and 10d, opening a glass dish every day, ventilating for 2min at room temperature, and spraying water at 25 ℃ to keep the surfaces of the seeds moist but not accumulating water, and removing moldy seeds to prevent mildew from diffusing;

(4) After 25d of sand storage, more than 1/3 of seeds can be exposed to white, the seeds are taken out and placed under the normal-temperature shading condition for 24h, the humidity and ventilation are kept, the physiological dormancy of the seeds is broken after sand storage, the life activity of the seeds is accelerated by properly heating, and germination is promoted, so that germinated seeds with higher germination rate and uniform and good growth vigor can be obtained in a short time.

Example 2

(1) Soaking a plurality of Pingyi sweet tea seeds in distilled water for 15 hours;

(2) Spreading seeds in 15cm glass dish with 2 layers of wet gauze without overlapping after filtering, spreading 1 layer of wet gauze on the seeds, wherein the warp and weft density of gauze per square inch is 60×80, the purpose is to preserve moisture, covering a cover, reserving a ventilation opening between the glass dish and the cover by using a small paper sheet for ventilation, and preserving for 20d in a refrigerator at 4 ℃; the seeds are overlapped and easily subjected to capillary phenomenon to retain water, so that the seeds are difficult to breathe and are lack of oxygen to death, the standard of wet gauze is that the wet gauze is wetted and twisted to be free of water dripping, water absorption and moisture preservation of the surfaces of the seeds are facilitated, a glass dish is sterilized by alcohol in advance, and the possibility of mold infection caused by seed germination is reduced;

(3) Before sand storage, 5d (the day of putting seeds is marked as 1 day) and 10d, opening a glass dish every day, ventilating for 3min at room temperature, and spraying water in time to keep the surfaces of the seeds moist but not water accumulation, and removing moldy seeds to prevent mold from diffusing;

(4) Sand is stored for 20 days, taken out and placed under the condition of normal temperature shading for 36 hours, and humidity and ventilation are kept, so that germinated seeds with higher germination rate and uniform and good growth vigor can be obtained in a short time.

Example 3

(1) Soaking a plurality of Pingyi sweet tea seeds in distilled water for 20h;

(2) Spreading seeds in 15cm glass dish with 2 layers of wet gauze without overlapping after filtering, spreading 1 layer of wet gauze on the seeds, wherein the warp and weft density of each square inch of gauze is 65×78, the purpose is to preserve moisture, a cover is covered, a small paper sheet is used for reserving a ventilation port between the glass dish and the cover for ventilation, and the glass dish and the cover are preserved in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 20d; the seeds are overlapped and easily subjected to capillary phenomenon to retain water, so that the seeds are difficult to breathe and are lack of oxygen to death, the standard of wet gauze is that the wet gauze is wetted and twisted to be free of water dripping, water absorption and moisture preservation of the surfaces of the seeds are facilitated, a glass dish is sterilized by alcohol in advance, and the possibility of mold infection caused by seed germination is reduced;

(3) Before sand storage, 5d (the day of putting seeds is marked as 1 st day) and 10d, opening a glass dish every day, ventilating at room temperature for 5min, and spraying water in time to keep the surfaces of the seeds moist but not water accumulation, and removing moldy seeds to prevent mold diffusion;

(4) After sand storage for 30d, taking out, placing under a normal temperature shading condition for 72h, keeping humidity, ventilating and ventilating, and obtaining the germinated seeds with higher germination rate and uniform and good growth vigor in a short time.

Comparative example 1

In winter, the following tests were performed at the university of agriculture and forestry science and technology in northwest: and (3) mixing cognac sweet tea seeds and fine sand with proper humidity according to the mass ratio of 1:1000 outdoors at 8 ℃, filling a net bag, marking, burying the net bag under soil for about 50cm, screening out the fine sand after 30-50 d, and counting seed germination and radicle growth conditions.

Comparative example 2

Laminating at 4deg.C, collecting multiple seeds of Pingyi sweet tea, soaking for about 12 hr, spreading in 15cm glass dish with wet gauze, storing in a refrigerator at 4deg.C, spraying water for moisturizing every 3-4d, and counting germination rate after 30-40 d.

The germination rates of the seeds of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 germination rate of example and comparative seeds

Selecting 50Gy ¹² C ⁶⁺ Sand-storing the heavy ion-irradiated Malus hupehensis seeds by the methods of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, respectively, and counting germination rates of the seeds irradiated by different methods, and the results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 germination Rate of seed after irradiation of examples and comparative examples

It is clear from tables 1 and 2 that the germination rate under the sand storage conditions of the examples is highest, and the germination of seeds can be effectively promoted, and the germination rate of seeds under radiation stress can be improved.

The natural sand reservoir needs 30d or more to ensure the germination rate of 50% or more, and has the advantages of good ventilation, sufficient oxygen, and no easy death of seeds due to hypoxia, and has the disadvantages of unstable temperature, frequent temperature change or low temperature in winter.

As can be seen from fig. 1, the oxygen consumption rate of the cognac sweet tea seeds in the sand storage process is in a trend of 'fast-slow-fast', namely, the oxygen demand of the seeds after water absorption expansion (early stage of sand storage) and the seeds to germinate (later stage of sand storage) is large, particularly the seeds to germinate are extremely easy to generate hypoxia stress, so that the seeds need to be ventilated and ventilated frequently, and sufficient oxygen is maintained; meanwhile, the oxygen consumption rate of the dormant seeds is found to be stable, and normal respiration can be kept under the condition of hypoxia; it can be seen from A2 that the seeds have a high oxygen demand after water uptake and are prone to hypoxia stress, which is a good demonstration that the seeds need to remain dry for preservation.

As shown in fig. 3, the germination condition of the seeds in the culture dish is that of the sand reservoir, the growth condition of the seeds is that of the spread seeds, the cognac sweet tea seeds are germinated individually in the seeds in the sand reservoir 15d, a small amount of seeds in the sand reservoir 20d are germinated, and half of the seeds in the sand reservoir 25d are germinated; whereas the irradiated seeds only germinate 3 seeds in sand 15d, and only a small number of seeds germinate 20d and 25d and half of seeds germinate 30 d. Sand deposits 30d and 35d, the radicle of both the example 1 treated and radiation treated germinated seeds appeared to grow excessively or yellow due to cold injury stress, indicating that sand deposits were not very good for too long.

The invention discovers that the oxygen consumption rate of the seeds in the whole sand storage process is in a trend of 'fast-slow-fast' through measuring the oxygen consumption rate of the seeds in the whole sand storage process. Wherein the oxygen consumption shock curves at sand reservoirs 15d and 20d are increased, and the actual germination situation of the seeds is combined to indicate that the seeds are about to germinate. Meanwhile, the average oxygen consumption rate of the dormant seeds is relatively stable, the average oxygen consumption rate of the soaked seeds is accelerated but the average oxygen consumption rate of the seeds is gradually changed from fast to slow, sand reservoirs 25d and 30d to highest, but the average oxygen consumption rate of the seeds is gradually changed to slow, which also shows that the dormant seeds can perform normal life activities in a low-oxygen environment, and the increase of the oxygen consumption rate of the seeds after water absorption is easy to cause low-oxygen stress, the life activities of the seeds to be germinated or the seeds which have germinated are more frequent, and the oxygen demand is larger, so that the dormant seeds are also easier to suffer the low-oxygen stress. Therefore, the oxygen sufficiency characteristic of the natural sand reservoir is combined, the sand reservoir of the common refrigerator is improved, the humidity is controlled, the germination rate is ensured under the condition that the environment, the time and the like are not limited, the germination is concentrated and the germination is advanced, and the method is suitable for experiments and practical production, and is simple and feasible.

It should be noted that, when the claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and the present invention describes the preferred embodiments for preventing redundancy.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A sand hiding method for promoting seed germination, comprising the steps of:

(1) Soaking seeds; soaking the seeds in distilled water for 10-20h;

(2) Filtering the soaked seeds, spreading the seeds in a material with a moisturizing capability in a non-overlapping manner, placing the seeds in a container, reserving a ventilation port on the container, and sand-storing the container at 4 ℃ for 25 days;

(3) Opening the container every day for ventilation at room temperature in 1-5 days and last 10 days of sand storage, keeping the surface of seeds moist, and removing moldy seeds; the ventilation time is 2-5min each day; the room temperature in the step (3) is 23-27 DEG C

(4) After sand storage for 20-30d, placing the container at normal temperature, shading for 24-72h, and keeping humidity and ventilation;

the seeds are apple seeds, and the apple seeds are cognac sweet tea seeds.

2. The sand storage method for promoting seed germination according to claim 1, wherein the soaked seeds are filtered and laid flat on two layers of wet gauze without overlapping, and a layer of wet gauze is laid on the seeds and placed in a container.

3. A sand hiding method for promoting germination of seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that said gauze has a warp and weft density of 60-80 x 60-80 per square inch.