CN115448737A - 一种防粘渣耐火浇注料及制备的铁水扒渣板及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防粘渣耐火浇注料及制备的铁水扒渣板及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115448737A CN115448737A CN202211052978.3A CN202211052978A CN115448737A CN 115448737 A CN115448737 A CN 115448737A CN 202211052978 A CN202211052978 A CN 202211052978A CN 115448737 A CN115448737 A CN 115448737A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了防粘渣耐火浇注料及制备的铁水扒渣板及制备方法，其中，防粘渣耐火浇注料，由骨料、碳源和添加剂制备而成，其中，骨料包括白刚玉、碳化硅和叶腊石，碳源为土状石墨。本发明提高了材料的抗侵蚀性能以及机械强度，改善了材料的粘渣性能、高温强度以及热震稳定性。本发明以碳含量高的土状石墨作为碳源，由于土状石墨不易被钢水及熔渣浸润，有效降低铁水、熔渣及脱硫剂与浇注料基质表面的浸润性，降低浇注料表面粘渣。此外，石墨具有热膨胀系数小和热导率高等优点，显著改善浇注料的热震稳定性，提高了扒渣板工作效率并优化铁水品质。本发明采用硅溶胶对土状石墨表面进行改性，使得浇注料的气孔率降低，提高了其力学性能及服役性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铁水耐火浇注料技术领域，尤其涉及一种防粘渣耐火浇注料及制备的铁水扒渣板及制备方法。
背景技术
全球钢铁产量与日俱增，如何在保证产品的质量前提下有效的提高产品生产效率也是当下亟需解决的问题。其中一个关键生产环节铁水脱硫扒渣工艺，作为铁水除渣提升产品品质的重要环节日渐成为企业和科研工作者关注的重点。目前，铁水包扒渣板通常采用金属材质所制备，但在使用过程中熔损快、使用寿命较短，一般仅5次左右就需要进行更换，更换频繁，严重影响扒渣的效率，增加了工人劳动强度。针对上述问题，国内科研工作者在金属扒渣板表面包裹一层耐火浇注料进而降低扒渣板熔损速度，提高扒渣板使用寿命。
关于扒渣板的防粘性能，现有技术中，有些工厂采用氧化铝、碳化硅等材料对扒渣板的表面进行浇注，该方法在一定程度上提升了扒渣板的耐高温性能，延长了使用寿命。但其主要缺陷是：所制备的铝硅系浇注料其表面与铁水及渣具有浸润性导致粘渣现象严重，且基质易于脱硫剂反应生成硅酸钙侵蚀层，影响扒渣效率和铁水质量。另外，现有技术中将鳞片石墨引入耐火浇注料中，但鳞片石墨为非极性的固体物质，具有疏水性。因此，将鳞片石墨应用在浇注料中时，其易于漂浮于基质表面且难以均匀分散。为了使其具有良好的流动性，需要在含碳浇注料中加入更多的水，导致浇注料中气孔率上升，使得结构疏松。尤其当碳含量超过5wt％时，浇注料的服役性能显著下降。针对上述问题，相关学者降低扒渣铁损方面开展了大量的研究工作。中国专利“铁水扒渣板及使用方法，申请号201910098657.9”公开了一种铁水扒渣板及使用方法，包括连接部和工作部，通过扒渣板结构尺寸与铁水罐结构尺寸的匹配设计、扒渣板复合体结构设置与复合体部件结构尺寸优化以及制备方法制定等，能够达到提高扒渣效率，延长扒渣板使用寿命等改善铁水扒渣综合技术经济制备的目的。但使用焦宝石为原料存在致密度差等问题，且加入直接加入鳞片石墨在浇注料中难以分散等问题。中国专利“用于铁水包扒渣板的浇注料、铁水包扒渣板及其制备方法，授权公告号CN112979327A”公开了一种采用Al2O3-SiC-C混合废料以及蓝晶石尾矿作为主要原料，废料中含有的SiC和C能降低铁水、渣质以及脱硫剂与浇注料基质表面的浸润性、提高了扒渣效率并优化铁水品质。但在实际生产应用中，其碳易被氧化，且碳含量有限，对扒渣效率的提高有限，难以延长复合扒渣板服役寿命。
综上可知，现有技术中并没有提升铁水包扒渣板的防粘渣的有效方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决背景技术中提及的问题，提供一种防粘渣耐火浇注料及制备的铁水扒渣板及制备方法。防粘渣耐火浇注料具有延长复合扒渣板服役寿命、防止扒渣板衬里耐火材料粘渣、提高扒渣效率、缩短扒渣时间、降低扒渣铁损、简化扒渣操作等优点。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种防粘渣耐火浇注料，由骨料、碳源和添加剂制备而成，其中，骨料包括白刚玉、碳化硅和叶腊石，碳源为土状石墨。
在其中的一些实施例中，添加剂包括氧化铝、致密刚玉、硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、硅溶胶、锂辉石、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、防爆纤维、钢纤维及减水剂。
在其中的一些实施例中，骨料、碳源和添加剂比例按质量份数：44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、8～10份土状石墨、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、3～8份硅溶胶、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5份金属硅粉、0.05～0.15份金属铝粉、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5份钢纤维及0.15～0.35份减水剂。
在其中的一些实施例中，白刚玉中Al2O3含量为98～99.5wt％；白刚玉的级配是：粒径为8～5mm占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的14～22wt％，粒径为5～3mm占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的16～24wt％，粒径为3～1mm占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的9～13wt％，粒径为1～0.088占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的2～5wt％。
在其中的一些实施例中，硅溶胶中二氧化硅含量20～40wt％；锂辉石为粒径≤0.074μm；叶腊石中化学成分SiO2含量为65～75wt％，Al2O3含量为25～35wt％，叶腊石粒径为1～0.088mm。
防粘渣耐火浇注料制备的铁水扒渣板。
一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取硅溶胶，加入水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将土状石墨加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，并浸泡后自然干燥后，获得硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入白刚玉、碳化硅、氧化铝、致密刚玉、叶腊石、硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、锂辉石、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、六偏磷酸钠、防爆纤维、钢纤维及减水剂搅拌分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，养护后，获得铁水扒渣板。
一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将8～10份土状石墨加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，并浸泡后自然干燥后，获得硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5份金属硅粉、0.5～1.5份金属铝粉、0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5份钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，养护后，获得铁水扒渣板。
9、一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取硅溶胶，加入水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将土状石墨及六偏磷酸钠分别加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，无需干燥，获得快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入白刚玉、碳化硅、氧化铝、致密刚玉、叶腊石、硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、锂辉石、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、防爆纤维、钢纤维及减水剂搅拌分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，养护后，获得铁水扒渣板。
一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将8～10份土状石墨及0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠分别加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，浸泡30min后，无需干燥，获得快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用改性；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5份金属硅粉、0.5～1.5份金属铝粉、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5份钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，其中水占1～2wt％，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，模内养护24～36h脱模，模外自然养护0～24h，100～200℃烘烤24～36h后，获得获得铁水扒渣板。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供了一种用于铁水扒渣板防粘渣耐火浇注料的有益效果在于：本发明用于铁水包扒渣板的浇注料，第一，本发明通过粒度为8～5mm、5～3mm、3～1mm和1～0.088mm的高纯白刚玉、粒度为1～0.088mm的碳化硅及粒度为1～0.088mm的叶腊石三种材质骨料的复配，充分发挥不同材质骨料的性能协同效应。粒径的合理分配能够更好对材料进行搅拌以及提升堆积的紧密度。选用白刚玉为主要骨料，可以提升了浇注料中的粉料和颗粒紧密堆积程度，进而提高浇注料的致密度以及降低气孔率。最终提高了材料的抗侵蚀性能以及机械强度，改善了材料的粘渣性能、高温强度以及热震稳定性。第二，本发明以碳含量高的土状石墨作为碳源。由于土状石墨不易被钢水及熔渣浸润，有效降低铁水、熔渣及脱硫剂与浇注料基质表面的浸润性，降低浇注料表面粘渣。此外，石墨具有热膨胀系数小和热导率高等优点，显著改善浇注料的热震稳定性。综上所述，采用土状石墨作为浇注料的碳源，提高了扒渣板工作效率并优化铁水品质。第三，本发明采用硅溶胶对土状石墨表面进行改性，硅溶胶具有较高的比表面积，胶状的纳米SiO2颗粒能够吸附在土状石墨表面，并且填充到土状石墨表面的缝隙中。能有效的提高石墨的均匀性和流动性，防止土状石墨颗粒在浇注料中聚集及漂浮，减少了水的用量，使得浇注料的气孔率降低，提高了其力学性能及服役性能。第四，本发明以锂辉石为添加剂，改善Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料的性能。由于锂辉石熔融形成低粘度液相，孔隙被液相填充，导致基体致密化程度增加。同时，保护SiC、碳源和单质硅免受氧化，促进了加热过程中基体中SiC晶须的生成。采用锂辉石为添加剂，试样的机械强度、抗热震性、抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性都有所提高。
附图说明
图1为：扒渣板粘渣机理分析电镜图；
图2为：本发明浇注料制品高温烧结后断面电镜图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述。
需要注意的是，发明中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
实施例一：
取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液。将8份土状石墨加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，自然干燥后，获得硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
在搅拌机中加入44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5金属硅粉、0.5～1.5金属铝粉、0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
在搅拌器中加入硅溶胶改性后的土状石墨，混匀料及水，其中水与料的重量比为3:100，在搅拌器内调匀后的铁水扒渣板防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动(密实)成型，模内养护24～36h脱模，模外自然养护0～24h,100～200℃烘烤24～36h后，获得所需的浇注成型产品。
实施例二：
取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液。将10份土状石墨加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，自然干燥后，获得硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
在搅拌机中加入42～58份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5金属硅粉、0.5～1.5金属铝粉、0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
在搅拌器中加入步骤1中的硅溶胶改性后的土状石墨，步骤2中的混匀料及水，其中水与料的重量比为3.5:100，在搅拌器内调匀后的铁水扒渣板防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动(密实)成型，模内养护24～36h脱模，模外自然养护0～24h,100～200℃烘烤24～36h后，获得所需的浇注成型产品。
实施例三：
取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液。将8份土状石墨及0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠分别加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，浸泡30min后，无需干燥，获得快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
在搅拌机中加入40～56份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5金属硅粉、0.5～1.5金属铝粉、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
在搅拌器中加入步骤1中的硅溶胶改性后的土状石墨，步骤2中的混匀料及水，其中水与料的重量比为4:100，在搅拌器内调匀后的铁水扒渣板防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动(密实)成型，模内养护24～36h脱模，模外自然养护0～24h，100～200℃烘烤24～36h后，获得所需的浇注成型产品。
实施例四：
取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液。将10份土状石墨及0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠分别加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，浸泡30min后，无需干燥，获得快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
在搅拌机中加入42～58份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5金属硅粉、0.5～1.5金属铝粉、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
在搅拌器中加入步骤1中的硅溶胶改性后的土状石墨，步骤2中的混匀料及水，其中水与料的重量比为3.5:100，在搅拌器内调匀后的铁水扒渣板防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动(密实)成型，模内养护24～36h脱模，模外自然养护0～24h,100～200℃烘烤24～36h后，获得所需的浇注成型产品。
对比例一：
在搅拌机中加入44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1～3份硅微粉、8份土状石墨、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、3～8份硅溶胶、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5份金属硅粉、0.05～0.15份金属铝粉、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5份钢纤维及0.15～0.35减水剂，搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
在搅拌器中加入混匀料和水，其中水与料的重量比为9:100，在搅拌器内调匀后的铁水扒渣板防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动(密实)成型，模内养护24～36h脱模，模外自然养护0～24h,100～200℃烘烤24～36h后，获得所需的浇注成型产品。
各实施例和对比例性能检测情况如表1所示。
表1本发明各实施例和对比例性能检测情况列表
如图1，通过对扒渣板粘渣机理分析，发现渣渗透引起的铆钉效应是扒渣板粘渣和清渣困难的主要原因。为此开发了致密度高和低气孔率的白刚玉作为主骨料的扒渣板浇注料至关重要。本发明采用的白刚玉的主要化学成分为：Al2O3≥97wt％；白刚玉的级配是：粒度为8～5mm、5～3mm、3～1mm和1～0.088mm的高纯白刚玉。粒径的合理分配能够更好对材料进行搅拌以及提升堆积的紧密度。选用白刚玉为主要骨料，可以提升了浇注料中的粉料和颗粒紧密堆积程度，进而提高浇注料的致密度以及降低气孔率。最终提高了材料的抗侵蚀性能以及机械强度，改善了材料的粘渣性能、高温强度以及热震稳定性。碳化硅具有高强度，高热导率、低膨胀系数以及几乎不与熔融渣反应等优点。本发明以粒度为1～0.088mm的碳化硅为骨料，以325目的碳化硅为粉料提高了浇注料制品的强度，热导率及抗渣侵蚀性。叶腊石作为硅源提供二氧化硅，在高温过程与氧化铝反应形成钙长石相、莫来石相填充气孔，提高了浇注料的力学性能及抗熔渣侵蚀性能。以白刚玉、碳化硅及叶腊石为骨料，充分发挥不同材质骨料的性能协同效应，提高浇注料骨料的力学性能、热震稳定性及抗熔渣侵蚀性能，保证扒渣板耐火浇注料在高温服役条件下的结构稳定性。
本发明采用的土状石墨碳含量高，有害杂质少，具有不易被钢水和熔渣浸湿、热膨胀系数小及热导率高等优点，将其应用在耐火材料中，可显著提高耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀性和热震稳定性。但是，由于石墨的片状结构及其较差的水润湿性，将其应用在浇注料中时易于漂浮而难以均匀分散，而且为了达到合适的施工流动性，需要在含碳浇注料中加入较多的水，最终增大了浇注料的气孔率，恶化了其力学性能及服役性能。为了改善土状石墨的性能，本发明采用硅溶胶对土状石墨进行表面改性。硅溶胶是一种分散有纳米二氧化硅颗粒的含水胶体，具有较高的比表面积，硅溶胶胶状悬浮液中纳米氧化硅的反应活性十分高。胶状的纳米SiO2颗粒能够吸附在土状石墨表面，并且填充到土状石墨表面的缝隙中。改性后的石墨之间的附着力丧失，有助于防止土状石墨颗粒在浇注料中聚集及漂浮，因此，硅溶胶表面改性后土状石墨的均匀性和流动性得到提高，减少了水的用量，使得浇注料的气孔率降低，提高了其力学性能及服役性能。同时，高温条件下，土状石墨与硅溶胶及硅微粉发生碳热还原反应，原位生成形成大量均匀且具有优选形态SiC晶须，SiC晶须的强化作用提高了浇注料的机械强度。在富铝浇注料系统下，反应活性较高的硅溶胶、硅微粉与易与氧化铝在反应生成莫来石晶须。莫来石晶须和SiC晶须在高温下具有出色的热性能和机械性能，并且可以填充浇注料的气孔，使得浇注料更加致密。
锂辉石的加入改善Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料的性能。高温下生成的液相粘度显著降低，有利于填充孔隙，导致基体致密化程度增加。生成的液相有效地促进了SiC晶须的形成，从而填充了基体中的孔隙，降低了试样的孔隙率。同时，保护SiC、碳源和金属硅粉免受氧化，促进了加热过程中基体中SiC晶须的生成。随着锂辉石的加入，浇注料的机械强度、抗热震性、抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性都有所提高。
通过碳化硅细粉、α-Al2O3微粉、硅微粉的复配，提高浇注料堆积紧密性，降低浇注料气孔率，减少熔渣与铁水的气孔渗透、冷却凝固粘接速度；铝酸钙水泥的加入有助于提高材料的抗热震性能及抗渣侵蚀性能。防爆纤维的添加能够防止浇注料在快速烘烤的过程中产生开裂的现象。耐热钢纤维的引入，提高浇注料力学性能与热震稳定性能，增强扒渣板耐火材料衬的抗机械磨损、机械冲击、应力裂纹剥落等损毁能力。金属硅粉作为抗氧化剂在碳氧化前发生氧化，降低氧分压，氧化产物SiO2可以堵塞气孔，阻碍空气进入。金属铝的加入可以有效的提高材料防爆性能。FS20作为减水剂，实现耐火浇注料中各种原材料表面的充分浸润，提高浇注料加水搅拌混合的均匀性。六偏磷酸钠作为减水剂及分散剂可以提高土状石墨的分散性。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种防粘渣耐火浇注料，其特征是：由骨料、碳源和添加剂制备而成，其中，骨料包括白刚玉、碳化硅和叶腊石，碳源为土状石墨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防粘渣耐火浇注料，其特征是：所述的添加剂包括氧化铝、致密刚玉、硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、硅溶胶、锂辉石、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、防爆纤维、钢纤维及减水剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防粘渣耐火浇注料，其特征是：骨料、碳源和添加剂比例按质量份数：44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、8～10份土状石墨、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、3～8份硅溶胶、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5份金属硅粉、0.05～0.15份金属铝粉、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5份钢纤维及0.15～0.35份减水剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种防粘渣耐火浇注料，其特征是：所述的白刚玉中Al2O3含量为98～99.5wt％；所述的白刚玉的级配是：粒径为8～5mm占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的14～22wt％，粒径为5～3mm占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的16～24wt％，粒径为3～1mm占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的9～13wt％，粒径为1～0.088占防粘渣耐火浇注料总重量的2～5wt％。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种防粘渣耐火浇注料，其特征是：所述的硅溶胶中二氧化硅含量20～40wt％；所述的锂辉石为粒径≤0.074μm；所述的叶腊石中化学成分SiO2含量为65～75wt％，Al2O3含量为25～35wt％，叶腊石粒径为1～0.088mm。
6.如权利要求1-5任一防粘渣耐火浇注料制备的铁水扒渣板。
7.一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取硅溶胶，加入水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将土状石墨加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，并浸泡后自然干燥后，获得硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入白刚玉、碳化硅、氧化铝、致密刚玉、叶腊石、硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、锂辉石、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、六偏磷酸钠、防爆纤维、钢纤维及减水剂搅拌分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，养护后，获得铁水扒渣板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将8～10份土状石墨加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，并浸泡后自然干燥后，获得硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5份金属硅粉、0.5～1.5份金属铝粉、0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5份钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，养护后，获得铁水扒渣板。
9.一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取硅溶胶，加入水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将土状石墨及六偏磷酸钠分别加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，无需干燥，获得快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入白刚玉、碳化硅、氧化铝、致密刚玉、叶腊石、硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、锂辉石、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、防爆纤维、钢纤维及减水剂搅拌分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，养护后，获得铁水扒渣板。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种防粘渣耐火浇注料制备铁水扒渣板的方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：取3～8份硅溶胶，加入0.6～1.6份水稀释硅溶胶黏度，配成硅溶胶溶液，将8～10份土状石墨及0.1～0.2份六偏磷酸钠分别加入硅溶胶溶液中搅拌均匀，浸泡30min后，无需干燥，获得快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨备用改性；
步骤二：在搅拌机中加入44～60份白刚玉、7～25份碳化硅、6～10份氧化铝、2～4份致密刚玉、1.5～4.5份叶腊石、1～3份硅微粉、3～8份纯铝酸钙水泥、0.5～1.5份锂辉石、0.5～1.5份金属硅粉、0.5～1.5份金属铝粉、0.1～0.3份防爆纤维、1.5～3.5份钢纤维及0.05～0.15份FS20搅拌5～10min分散均匀，获得混匀料备用；
步骤三：在搅拌器中加入快速硅溶胶改性土状石墨、混匀料和水，其中水占1～2wt％，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，在搅拌器内调匀后获得防粘渣耐火浇注料，将防粘渣耐火浇注料浇注到模具中，振动成型，模内养护24～36h脱模，模外自然养护0～24h，100～200℃烘烤24～36h后，获得获得铁水扒渣板。
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