CN115448725B - 一种耐火砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐火砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115448725B
CN115448725B CN202211207485.2A CN202211207485A CN115448725B CN 115448725 B CN115448725 B CN 115448725B CN 202211207485 A CN202211207485 A CN 202211207485A CN 115448725 B CN115448725 B CN 115448725B
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张姗
董舜杰
阮和平
蒋杰
万志华
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Anhui Ruitai New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐火砖，其原料按重量份包括：碳化硅35‑40份、Si3N435‑40份、黏土10‑20份、添加剂3‑4份、粘结剂8‑12份。本发明还公开了上述耐火砖的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将添加剂在乙醇中分散均匀，然后球磨得到分散液；将分散液与粘结剂的乙醇溶液混匀得到溶液A；将碳化硅、Si3N4、黏土混匀，然后加入溶液A混匀，压制成型，烘干，于1400‑1500℃烧结4‑6h得到耐火砖。本发明具有良好的致密性、耐腐蚀性、导热性、受热不易产生裂纹。

Description

一种耐火砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火砖材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种耐火砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硅砖耐火砖，是以碳化硅(SiC)为原料生产的高级耐火砖。在钢铁冶炼方面，它可用于盛钢桶内衬、水口、塞头、高炉炉底和炉腹、出铁槽、转炉和电炉出钢口、加热炉无水冷滑轨等方面。在有色金属(锌、铜、铝等)冶炼中，大量用于蒸馏器、精馏塔托盘、电解槽侧墙、熔融金属管道、吸送泵和熔炼金属坩埚等。目前，碳化硅耐火砖仍存在致密度不高，耐腐蚀性不高的问题，且碳化硅耐火砖经高温产生热应力，容易膨胀产生裂纹。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种耐火砖及其制备方法，本发明具有良好的致密性、耐腐蚀性、导热性、受热不易产生裂纹。
本发明提出了一种耐火砖，其原料按重量份包括：碳化硅35-40份、Si3N435-40份、黏土10-20份、添加剂3-4份、粘结剂8-12份。
优选地，添加剂由纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅组成。
优选地，纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅的重量比为2-3:1。
优选地，黏土由高岭土和高岭土熟料组成。
优选地，高岭土和高岭土熟料的重量比为1:0.8-1.2。
优选地，黏土的粒径为0.5-0.1mm。
上述高岭土熟料是指煅烧后的高岭土。
优选地，碳化硅的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm。
优选地，粒径为1-0.5mm碳化硼、粒径为0.5-0.1mm碳化硼、粒径＜50μm碳化硼的重量比为1.6-1.8:1:1.6-1.8。
优选地，Si3N4的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm。
优选地，粒径为1-0.5mm Si3N4、粒径为0.5-0.1mm Si3N4、粒径＜50μm Si3N4的重量比为1.6-1.8:1:1.6-1.8。
优选地，粘结剂为酚醛树脂。
本发明还公开了上述耐火砖的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将添加剂在乙醇中分散均匀，然后球磨得到分散液；将分散液与粘结剂的乙醇溶液混匀得到溶液A；将碳化硅、Si3N4、黏土混匀，然后加入溶液A混匀，压制成型，烘干，于1400-1500℃烧结4-6h得到耐火砖。
优选地，溶液A中粘结剂含量为80-90wt％。
优选地，添加剂在乙醇中超声分散均匀。
有益效果：
本发明选用纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅以适宜比例相互配合，可以提高耐火砖的耐腐蚀性能；选用适宜粒径的碳化硅、Si3N4以适宜比例相互配合提高耐火砖的致密度，从而提高其机械性能和导热性能；纳米六方氮化硼也可以进一步提高导热性，导热性的提高可以将热量导出，减少热应力，避免膨胀产生裂纹；添加适量的黏土可以抑制耐火砖在高温时的膨胀，避免裂纹的产生，添加适量的黏土还可以提高耐火砖的机械性能；纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅容易团聚本发明选用合适的分散方法，可以使得纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅均匀分散中耐火砖中，从而进一步提高机械性能、耐腐蚀性能和导热性。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明，但是应该明确提出这些实施例用于举例说明，但是不解释为限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种耐火砖，其原料按重量份包括：碳化硅350g、Si3N4350g、粒径为0.5-0.1mm高岭土100g、高岭土熟料100g、纳米六方氮化硼20g、纳米二氧化硅10g、酚醛树脂120g；
其中，碳化硅的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；粒径为1-0.5mm碳化硼、粒径为0.5-0.1mm碳化硼、粒径＜50μm碳化硼的重量比为1.8:1:1.8；
Si3N4的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；粒径为1-0.5mm Si3N4、粒径为0.5-0.1mm Si3N4、粒径＜50μm Si3N4的重量比为1.8:1:1.8。
上述耐火砖的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将纳米六方氮化硼、纳米二氧化硅在乙醇中超声分散均匀30min，然后球磨得到分散液；将分散液与酚醛树脂的乙醇溶液混匀得到溶液A，使得溶液A中酚醛树脂的含量为80wt％；将碳化硅、Si3N4、黏土混匀，然后加入溶液A混匀，压制成型，真空烘干，于1400℃烧结6h得到耐火砖。
实施例2
一种耐火砖，其原料按重量份包括：碳化硅400g、Si3N4400g、粒径为0.5-0.1mm高岭土50g、高岭土熟料50g、纳米六方氮化硼30g、纳米二氧化硅10g、酚醛树脂80g；
其中，碳化硅的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；粒径为1-0.5mm碳化硼、粒径为0.5-0.1mm碳化硼、粒径＜50μm碳化硼的重量比为1.6:1:1.6；
Si3N4的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；粒径为1-0.5mm Si3N4、粒径为0.5-0.1mm Si3N4、粒径＜50μm Si3N4的重量比为1.6:1:1.6。
上述耐火砖的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将纳米六方氮化硼、纳米二氧化硅在乙醇中超声分散均匀30min，然后球磨得到分散液；将分散液与酚醛树脂的乙醇溶液混匀得到溶液A，使得溶液A中酚醛树脂的含量为90wt％；将碳化硅、Si3N4、黏土混匀，然后加入溶液A混匀，压制成型，真空烘干，于1500℃烧结4h得到耐火砖。
实施例3
一种耐火砖，其原料按重量份包括：碳化硅370g、Si3N4370g、粒径为0.5-0.1mm高岭土75g、高岭土熟料75g、纳米六方氮化硼25g、纳米二氧化硅10g、酚醛树脂100g；
其中，碳化硅的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；粒径为1-0.5mm碳化硼、粒径为0.5-0.1mm碳化硼、粒径＜50μm碳化硼的重量比为1.7:1:1.7；
Si3N4的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；粒径为1-0.5mm Si3N4、粒径为0.5-0.1mm Si3N4、粒径＜50μm Si3N4的重量比为1.7:1:1.7。
上述耐火砖的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将纳米六方氮化硼、纳米二氧化硅在乙醇中超声分散均匀30min，然后球磨得到分散液；将分散液与酚醛树脂的乙醇溶液混匀得到溶液A，使得溶液A中酚醛树脂的含量为85wt％；将碳化硅、Si3N4、黏土混匀，然后加入溶液A混匀，压制成型，真空烘干，于1450℃烧结5h得到耐火砖。
对比例1
不含纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅，其他同实施例3。
对比例2
不含高岭土和高岭土熟料，其他同实施例3。
对比例3
将Si3N4替换成碳化硅，其他同实施例3。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制得耐火材料进行性能检测，结果如表1所示。
参照GB/T2997-2015检测显气孔率和体积密度。
表1检测结果
检测项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3
显气孔率％ 14.8 14.5 14.6 14.8 14.7 18.0
体积密度g/cm3 2.58 2.60 2.59 2.58 2.59 2.52
常温抗折强度MPa 45 48 48 35 36 22
1400℃抗折强度MPa 42 44 46 30 28 13
导热率W/(m·K) 15.3 15.7 15.5 14.8 15.0 11.6
最高使用温度℃ 1550 1550 1550 1500 1500 1450
备注：显气孔率、体积密度检测的是高温烧结后的试样；常温耐压强度检测的是干燥后的试样；高温耐压强度检测的是高温烧结后的试样。
由表1的结果可以看出，本发明显气孔率低，具有良好的致密性、抗折性、导热性。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种耐火砖，其特征在于，其原料按重量份包括：碳化硅35-40份、Si3N435-40份、黏土10-20份、添加剂3-4份、粘结剂8-12份；
其中，添加剂由纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅组成；
纳米六方氮化硼和纳米二氧化硅的重量比为2-3:1；
黏土由高岭土和高岭土熟料组成；
高岭土和高岭土熟料的重量比为1:0.8-1.2；
黏土的粒径为0.5-0.1mm；
碳化硅的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；
粒径为1-0.5mm碳化硼、粒径为0.5-0.1mm碳化硼、粒径＜50μm碳化硼的重量比为1.6-1.8:1:1.6-1.8；
Si3N4的粒径为1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、＜50μm；
粒径为1-0.5mm Si3N4、粒径为0.5-0.1mm Si3N4、粒径＜50μm Si3N4的重量比为1.6-1.8:1:1.6-1.8。
2.根据权利要求1所述耐火砖，其特征在于，粘结剂为酚醛树脂。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述耐火砖的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将添加剂在乙醇中分散均匀，然后球磨得到分散液；将分散液与粘结剂的乙醇溶液混匀得到溶液A；将碳化硅、Si3N4、黏土混匀，然后加入溶液A混匀，压制成型，烘干，于1400-1500℃烧结4-6h得到耐火砖。
4.权利要求3所述耐火砖的制备方法，其特征在于，溶液A中粘结剂含量为80-90wt％。
5.权利要求3所述耐火砖的制备方法，其特征在于，添加剂在乙醇中超声分散均匀。
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