CN115444064A - 一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果及其配制方法，属于食品生产技术领域，包括以下原料：天然糖代替物、脱脂奶粉复合物、可可脂、亚麻荠卵磷脂、抗性糊精、改性鱼明胶、维生素、微量元素、去离子水。通过赤藓糖醇等天然代糖来充当糖果中的甜味剂，在脱脂奶粉中添加开菲尔发酵乳和蛋壳粉以提高奶粉中易吸收钙的含量，搭配改性罗非鱼明胶、维生素和微量元素，保护口腔的微环境，减少牙釉质受到的损伤，达到预防龋齿的效果。此外，增加了可生物利用钙的含量，天然代糖不会增加血糖和代谢负担，对儿童、糖尿病患者和减脂人士非常友好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品生产技术领域，具体地，涉及一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果及其制备方法。
背景技术
糖类在生命活动过程中起着重要的作用，是一切生命体维持生命活动所需能量的主要来源。相比于脂肪和蛋白质来说，糖类能够快速的为人体提供能量，此外糖类还具有安抚情绪，振奋精神的作用，是我们日常生活中常见的能量补充来源。但是糖类的摄入会刺激食欲，并且本身具有较高的热量，在不知不觉中使人的体重增加，在脂肪囤积的同时，血糖含量增高，导致胰腺不停的分泌胰岛素来控制血糖。久而久之，胰岛素的作用会变得越来越弱，血糖就会一直处于高水平。此外，糖类的过多摄入除了会导致糖尿病，还很容易引起龋齿、牙周发炎等问题。
为了代替传统的糖类，赋予食品甜味的同时，可以降低其提供的卡路里含量，按照其生产方式，分为天然代糖和人工甜味剂两种。包括乙酰磺胺钾、阿斯巴甜、糖精、纽甜、三氯蔗糖在内的多种人工甜味剂已经被批准在食品中添加，但是长期食用人工甜味剂会显着破坏肠道细菌与肠道上皮细胞之间的相互作用机制，还会影响肠道中的微生物组成，增加粪肠球菌和大肠杆菌的生物膜形成，粘附并侵入肠壁上的上皮细胞，并杀死这些细胞。甜味剂很容易穿过肠壁，进入血液，并在淋巴结、肝脏和脾脏中积聚，从而导致一些毒素的分泌，使身体容易感染、败血症和多器官功能衰竭。此外，其也已经被证明与癌症风险增加有联系，人造甜味剂不仅可以减缓人体内糖分的分解，而且排放到环境中也会干扰植物的光合作用过程，是一种新型的环境污染物。
总之，对于儿童、糖尿病患者和减脂人群来说，日常饮食有诸多限制，可能会造成体重增加、蛀牙、加重糖尿病程度。但人造甜味剂会介导葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素抵抗的降低；长期食用有害人体健康，排放后也会对环境造成危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果及其制备方法，通过赤藓糖醇等天然代糖来充当糖果中的甜味剂，在脱脂奶粉中添加开菲尔发酵乳和蛋壳粉以提高奶粉中易吸收钙的含量，搭配改性罗非鱼明胶、维生素和微量元素，保护口腔的微环境，减少牙釉质受到的损伤，达到预防龋齿的效果。
本发明要解决的技术问题：避免了使用人工甜味剂带来的环境伤害和对人体的隐形伤害，为高血糖患者、嗜糖儿童和减脂人士提供了一种没有身体负担的产品，并且具有维护口腔环境，预防龋齿的作用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果，包括以下质量份原料：30-40份天然糖代替物、40-50份脱脂奶粉复合物、10-15份可可脂、10-15份亚麻荠卵磷脂、3-10份抗性糊精、10-20份改性鱼明胶、0.1-0.5份维生素、0.1-0.3份微量元素、5-10份去离子水。
进一步地，所述天然糖代替物为赤藓糖醇和甜菊糖苷。
进一步地，所述脱脂奶粉复合物包为：脱脂奶粉、开菲尔、蛋壳粉、维生素和微量元素以40g:5-15mL:3-5g:0.5-1.0mg:0.5-1.0mg的用量比混合而成。
进一步地，所述维生素包括维生素C和维生素D3。
进一步地，所述微量元素为锌、硒、铁、锰以2：2：1：1的质量比混合。
进一步地，改性鱼明胶的制备方法为：将罗非鱼明胶与黄原胶分别在去离子水中混合10小时，随后在65℃下加热搅拌10分钟；将两种溶液合并在60℃下加热30分钟。
一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
使用擀面杖将干蛋壳打成粉末，然后使用80目筛子分离较大尺寸的颗粒，在高压灭菌器中在134℃下灭菌15分钟，然后在37℃的烘箱中干燥30分钟以避免沙门氏菌污染。
(1)称取配方质量份原料，将甜菊糖苷、总量50％的脱脂奶粉复合物和抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后加入总量50％的改性鱼明胶、亚麻荠卵磷脂，升温搅拌混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热；将溶液灌入模具中冷却后备用，即得糖基；
(2)将赤藓糖醇、其余的脱脂奶粉复合物和抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将其余的改性鱼明胶、可可脂加入，升温搅拌均质混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热，加入维生素C、维生素D3和微量元素；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，即得外层物料，备用；
(3)将外层物料与糖基混合后、成型、冷却、切块，即得成品。
将外层物料与糖基混合后、成型、冷却、切块，即得防龋齿无糖糖果。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明技术方案中，使用开菲尔发酵乳和蛋壳粉作为脱脂奶粉的添加物，可以提高脱脂奶粉中的钙含量，相较于单独碳酸钙或乳酸钙等钙源的方式，将开菲尔发酵乳中L(+)型的乳酸钙与脱脂奶粉中更容易被人体吸收的钙形式与蛋壳粉中碳酸钙固体相结合，最大可能的在人体可利用碳酸钙形式的用量限度下进行添加，并且这种搭配方式可以降低产品中的乳糖含量，缓解乳糖不耐受人群的副作用。
(2)本发明技术方案中，赤藓糖醇作为一种天然代糖，但基本不参加人体中代谢，通过肾脏从尿液中排出，具有同等质量下蔗糖的60-70％甜度感知，食用后不会几乎不额外产生脂肪与热量，不会被口腔中链球菌利用，以达到预防龋齿的效果。甜菊糖苷是从甜叶菊中提取的天然代糖，甜度是蔗糖的250-300倍，热量是蔗糖的1/300，使用甜菊糖苷来调节产品的甜度。并且，甜菊糖苷有很好的抗菌作用，可以抑制细菌生长，帮助口腔环境的稳定，减少牙釉质的伤害。
(3)本发明技术方案中，赤藓糖醇由于其特殊的代谢途径，不依赖于胰岛素调节，避免了增加胰岛素负担，从而避免了因为摄入过多糖分引起的糖尿病。甜菊糖苷可以通过增强Trpm5离子通道的活性来调节胰岛素的分泌，在血糖浓度较高的时候增加肌肉中葡萄糖的摄取和氧化，从而达到平衡血糖，降低人体糖分摄入的负担，赤藓糖醇和甜菊糖苷的搭配使用对儿童、糖尿病患者和减脂人士非常友好。
(4)本发明技术方案中，使用亚麻荠卵磷脂搭配可可脂作为糖果中的脂质成分，亚麻荠卵磷脂的主要成分是磷脂酰肌醇，在被人体摄入后会被磷脂酰肌醇激酶磷酸化，在磷脂酰肌醇循环的扩散过程中，可以打开细胞膜上的的钙离子通道，促进细胞对钙离子的摄入，促进人体对产品中钙的吸收。
(5)本发明技术方案中，使用糖基与外层材料分层制备的方式制备糖果，在内层材料中使用甜菊糖苷、亚麻荠卵磷脂和鱼明胶，外层中使用赤藓糖醇、可可脂和鱼明胶，增加糖果的风味层次，搭配黄原胶改性的罗菲鱼胶，使得原材料具有更好的均匀分散效果。此外，黄原胶改性鱼明胶具有较高的保水能力，在糖果的运输和储存方面，可以保持糖果的弹性和品质。
(6)本发明技术方案中，使用多种材料达到预防龋齿的效果，通过添加抗性糊精，对牛奶乳品有纤维强化作用，可以摩擦牙齿，促进了唾液的分泌，清除了牙齿表面的细菌和病毒，防止了牙菌斑的产生，对于预防蛀牙效果良好。此外抗性糊精还对牛奶乳品有纤维强化作用，从而坚固糖体避免小朋友意外吞咽，同时还还能促进改善本糖果口味。作为一种可溶性的膳食纤维，能有效促进润肠通便提升人体对钙、铁、锌等微量元素的吸收，同时有助于抑制肠道内对与糖分的消化与吸收，与添加的维生素D2共同促进人体对钙的吸收，促进牙釉质健康生长。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
改性鱼明胶包括以下步骤制得：
将5g罗非鱼明胶与5g黄原胶分别在去离子水中混合10小时，随后在65℃下加热搅拌10分钟；将两种溶液合并在60℃下加热30分钟，获得改性鱼明胶。
实施例2
改性鱼明胶包括以下步骤制得：
将7g罗非鱼明胶与5g黄原胶分别在去离子水中保持10小时，随后在65℃下加热搅拌10分钟；将两种溶液合并在60℃下加热30分钟，获得改性鱼明胶。
实施例3
改性鱼明胶包括以下步骤制得：
将10g罗非鱼明胶与5g黄原胶分别在去离子水中保持10小时，随后在65℃下加热搅拌10分钟；将两种溶液合并在60℃下加热30分钟，获得改性鱼明胶。
实施例4
脱脂奶粉复合物包括以下步骤制得：
将40g脱脂奶粉、5mL开菲尔、3mg蛋壳粉、0.25mg维生素C、0.25g维生素D3和0.5mg微量元素均匀搅拌，均质混合，得到脱脂奶粉复合物。
实施例5
脱脂奶粉复合物包括以下步骤制得：
将40g脱脂奶粉、10mL开菲尔、4mg蛋壳粉、0.25mg维生素C、0.55mg维生素D3和0.8mg微量元素均匀搅拌，均质混合，得到脱脂奶粉复合物。
实施例6
脱脂奶粉复合物包括以下步骤制得：
将40g脱脂奶粉、15mL开菲尔、5mg蛋壳粉、0.25mg维生素C、0.75mg维生素D3和1.0mg微量元素均匀搅拌，均质混合，得到脱脂奶粉复合物。
对比例1
本对比例为40g脱脂奶粉。
现在对实施例4-6和对比例1所制备的脱脂奶粉复合物进行可生物利用钙含量和pH值的测量。
测量产品中可生物利用钙含量的方法为：
选择25-50岁，没有低乳酸血症或钙代谢紊乱病史的志愿者分别饮用实施例4-6和对比例1所制备的脱脂奶粉，控制基础钙摄入量为490±235mgCa/24h，并在整个实验过程中保持不变，实验过程中身体活动、水合作用、类型和食物摄入量的相似条件同样保持不变。收集尿液24小时进行Ca测量(mgCa/24h)。24小时后收集志愿者尿液，用一滴浓盐酸收集尿液以避免磷酸钙沉淀并防止细菌生长。每隔3天测试一次，每个志愿者测试3次，取平均值记录。
pH值测量的方法为：将实施例4-6和对比例1所制备的脱脂奶粉分别取5g溶于去离子水中，使用校准为4-7范围的Methrom 632pH计提取样品后立即测量pH值。每个样品获得五个读数并取平均值，测试结果如下表1所示：
表1：实施例4-6和对比例1所制备的脱脂奶粉复合物可生物利用钙含量和pH值的测量
| 组别 | 钙含量(g/100mL) | pH值 |
| 实施例4 | 131.5 | 6.3 |
| 实施例5 | 142.0 | 6.2 |
| 实施例6 | 140.3 | 6.3 |
| 对比例1 | 103.9 | 6.0 |
由上表1可知，实施例4-6中的可生物利用钙含量高于对比例1中的，证明开菲尔发酵乳可以提高脱脂奶粉中可生物利用钙的含量。
实施例7
防龋齿无糖糖果包括以下步骤制得：
将10g甜菊糖苷、40g实施例4制备的脱脂奶粉复合物和3g抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将5g实施例1制备的改性鱼明胶、5g亚麻荠卵磷脂加入，升温搅拌混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，备用，即得糖基。
再将20g赤藓糖醇、40g实施例4制备的脱脂奶粉复合物和3g抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将5g实施例1制备的改性鱼明胶、2g可可脂加入，升温搅拌均质混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热，加入维生素C、维生素D3和微量元素；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，备用，即得外层物料。
随后将外层物料与糖基混合后、成型、冷却、切块，即得防龋齿无糖糖果。
实施例8
防龋齿无糖糖果包括以下步骤制得：
将13g甜菊糖苷、40g实施例5制备的脱脂奶粉复合物和4g抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将6g实施例2制备的改性鱼明胶、6g亚麻荠卵磷脂加入，升温搅拌混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，备用，即得糖基。
再将23g赤藓糖醇、40g实施例5制备的脱脂奶粉复合物和4g抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将6g实施例2制备的改性鱼明胶、6g可可脂加入，升温搅拌均质混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热，加入维生素C、维生素D3和微量元素；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，备用，即得外层物料。
随后将外层物料与糖基混合后、成型、冷却、切块，即得防龋齿无糖糖果。
实施例9
防龋齿无糖糖果包括以下步骤制得：
将15g甜菊糖苷、40g实施例6制备的脱脂奶粉复合物和5g抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将7g实施例3制备的改性鱼明胶、7g亚麻荠卵磷脂加入，升温搅拌混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，备用，即得糖基。
再将25g赤藓糖醇、40g实施例6制备的脱脂奶粉复合物和5g抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将7g实施例3制备的改性鱼明胶、7g可可脂加入，升温搅拌均质混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热，加入维生素C、维生素D3和微量元素；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，备用，即得外层物料。
随后将外层物料与糖基混合后、成型、冷却、切块，即得防龋齿无糖糖果。
现在对实施例7-9所制备的防龋齿无糖糖果进行抗龋齿效果测试。
抗龋齿的检测方法为：分别取实施例7-9制备的防龋齿无糖糖果3g和对比例1样品加入10mL无菌水，溶解搅拌。再分别取20μL溶液滴在无菌干燥的滤纸片上，自然风干后备用；用无菌棉拭子蘸取浓度为5×105～5×106cfu/mL变形链球菌菌悬液，在营养琼脂培养基平板表面均匀涂抹3次，每涂抹一次，平板转动60°，最后将棉拭子绕平板边缘涂抹一周，盖好平皿，自然风干。用无菌镊子取样片贴放于平板表面，各样片中心之间相距25mm以上，与平板的周缘相距15mm以上。贴放好后，用无菌镊子轻压样片，使其紧贴于平板表面，盖好平皿，置于37℃温箱内培养16～18h，用游标卡尺测量抑菌环的直径(包括贴片)并记录，实验重复三次。记录抑菌圈范围，测试结果如表2所示：
表2：实施例7-9所制备的防龋齿无糖糖果抗龋齿效果测试
| 组别 | 抑菌范围(cm<sup>2</sup>) |
| 实施例7 | 4.72 |
| 实施例8 | 5.60 |
| 实施例9 | 5.08 |
| 空白组 | 0.11 |
从表2的结果可知，实施例7-9所制备的抗龋齿无糖糖果对口腔内细菌有抑制作用，从而维护良好的口腔环境，从而达到抗龋齿的效果。
在说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果，其特征在于，包括以下质量份原料：30-40份天然糖代替物、40-50份脱脂奶粉复合物、10-15份可可脂、10-15份亚麻荠卵磷脂、3-10份抗性糊精、10-20份改性鱼明胶、0.1-0.5份维生素、0.1-0.3份微量元素和5-10份去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果，其特征在于，所述天然糖代替物为赤藓糖醇和甜菊糖苷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果，其特征在于，所述脱脂奶粉复合物包为：脱脂奶粉、开菲尔、蛋壳粉、维生素和微量元素以40g:5-15mL:3-5g:0.5-1.0mg:0.5-1.0mg的用量比混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果，其特征在于，所述维生素为维生素C和维生素D3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果，其特征在于，所述微量元素为锌、硒、铁、锰以2：2：1：1的质量比混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有赤藓糖醇的防龋齿无糖糖果，其特征在于，所述改性鱼明胶的具体操作方法为：
将同等质量的罗非鱼明胶与黄原胶分别在去离子水中混合10小时，随后在65℃下加热搅拌10分钟；将两种溶液合并在60℃下加热30分钟。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任意一项所述的防龋齿无糖糖果的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)称取配方质量份原料，将甜菊糖苷、总量50％的脱脂奶粉复合物和抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后加入总量50％的改性鱼明胶、亚麻荠卵磷脂，升温搅拌混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热；将溶液灌入模具中冷却后备用，即得糖基；
(2)将赤藓糖醇、其余的脱脂奶粉复合物和抗性糊精溶于水加热至70℃，随后将其余的改性鱼明胶、可可脂加入，升温搅拌均质混合；待温度升高至90℃后，停止加热，加入维生素C、维生素D3和微量元素；将溶液灌入模具中冷却，即得外层物料，备用；
(3)将外层物料与糖基混合后、成型、冷却、切块，即得成品。
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